外研版（2019） 必修第一册 Unit 2 Exploring English Using language 课件-(35张ppt)

(共35张PPT)
Unit 2 Exploring English
Using language
Word formation
Discussion
Find the types of word formation in the following pictures.
water the plant
classroom
Word formation
构词法
(word formation)
合成法
(combining two or more words)
派生法
(adding a prefix or suffix)
转化法
(changing the part of speech)
缩写
(abbreviating)
前缀
(prefix)
后缀
(suffix)
Word formation
a. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
b. … sculpt a sculpture …
c. When we … see rain …,we can say “it’s raining ….”
d. WHO
Look at the sentences and expressions from the reading passage. Match the words in bold to the types of word formation.
abbreviating
changing the part of speech
adding a prefix or suffix
combining two or more words
d
c
b
a
Word formation
合成法:把两个或两个以上的独立且语义不同的单词
合成一个新词，构词方式较灵活。合成词的
词义通常可以由组成它的单词的词义推测出来。
合成名词
合成动词
合成形容词
其他合成词
news + papper = newspaper
hair + cut = haircut
heart + felt = heartfelt
kind + hearted = kind-hearted
baby + sit = babysit
over + look = overlook
every + one = everyone
through + out = throughout
Word formation
派生法:在词根上加前缀(prefix)或后缀(suffix) ，构
成新词。前缀和后缀有一定的含义或功能，
有助于推测新词的词义。
一些常见的前缀、后缀及其含义或功能如下：
词缀 含义/功能 例词
前缀 dis- 不
im-, in- 不
disagree, dislike, disappear
impossible, inexpensive
词缀 含义/功能 例词
前缀 inter- 在……之间；相互
mis- 错误地
non- 不；非
pre- 在……之前
re- 再；重新
un- 不
international, interconnect
mislead, misunderstand
non-electrical, non-smoker
preschool, preview, prewar
retell, rewrite, reread
unable, unhappy
Word formation
Word formation
词缀 含义/功能 例词
后缀 -er, or （做某事）的人/……者
-ment 表示动作、状态、结果
-ship 表示技能、地位、性质、状态
-tion 表示结果
dancer, actor
arrangement
development
leadership
friendship
relation, reflection
Word formation
词缀 含义/功能 例词
后缀 -able 表示有……性质的,可……的
-ful 表示有……性质的，充满的
-less 表示无、没有
-ous 表示有……特性的
-ly 表示方式
washable
comfortable
useful, mouthful
careless, useless
dangerous, nervous
carefully, quickly
Word formation
转化法:把一种词性转化为另一种词性，词形不变。
转化后的词义可以通过原词义推断得出。
1. Let’s talk about it.
2. I think we’d better finish the
talk now.
3. She gave me a glass of water.
4. You should water the flowers
twice a week.
动词转化为名词
名词转化为动词
Word formation
转化法:把一种词性转化为另一种词性，词形不变。
转化后的词义可以通过原词义推断得出。
5. She is wearing a black dress.
6. The girl in black is very beautiful.
7. Tom is a brave man.
8. He always braves the difficulties
in life.
形容词转化为名词
形容词转化为动词
Word formation
缩写:用单词或短语的部分内容指代整体。
缩写
首字母缩写
单词截短
as soon as possible—ASAP
World Trade Organization—WTO
advertisement—ad
laboratory—lab
Word formation
Now look for more examples of each type in the reading passage.
abbreviation:
adding a prefix or suffix:
IT, US
paint-painting, hard-hardly, soft-softly, harm-harmless / harmful, shame-shameless / shameful, visible-invisible
Word formation
Now look for more examples of each type in the reading passage.
changing the part of speech:
combining two or more words:
it’s raining; it’s snowing
hamburger, eggplant, pineapple, seasick, airsick, carsick, homesick, homework, housework
Word formation
Complete the passage with the help of word formation.
When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. You might think this is a bit scary. But many of them are formed using other simpler words. This is called word formation.
Words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, __________ (a friend that you contact by writing, traditionally using a pen) and __________ (known by many people).
penfriend
well-known
Grammar: Word formation
Complete the passage with the help of word formation.
Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meanings. If you add un- or in- to a word, the new word usually means the opposite. For example, if something isn’t correct it’s ________, and if someone isn’t happy they are _________. Words with the suffixes -ment and -ness are often nouns. For example, if somebody has improved a lot, they have made great ____________.
incorrect
unhappy
improvement
Grammar: Word formation
Complete the passage with the help of word formation.
Some nouns and adjectives can be used as verbs, or the other way round. When we calm somebody down, they become _________. And we can give someone a present by__________ it.
And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words: “World Trade Organization ” can be referred to as _____, and ______ is short for “as soon as possible”.
It is impossible to know the meaning of every word, but knowing about word formation can help us guess their meanings.
calm
presenting
WTO
ASAP
Word formation
Work in groups. Choose one type and come up with as many words as possible.
abbreviating
changing the part of speech
adding a prefix or suffix
combining two or more words
Group A
Group B
Winner
American English and British English
Look at the pictures and get to know the American English words and their British equivalents.
subway / underground
highway / motorway
theater / theatre
gas / petrol
apartment / flat
elevator / lift
American English and British English
Complete the passage with the following words.
subway / underground highway / motorway
theater / theatre gas / petrol
apartment / flat elevator / lift
Today, American English is in common international use. It is different from British English in several ways, mostly in spelling and vocabulary. Some American spellings were created by Noah Webster, who made one of America’s first dictionaries. He changed “-re” spellings to “-er”, which is why________ is spelt _______ in American English.
theatre
theater
American English and British English
subway / underground highway / motorway
theater / theatre gas / petrol
apartment / flat elevator / lift
The Americans and the British also use different words for everyday things. For example, Americans talk about putting ______ in their cars and driving along the ___________, whereas in the UK, people put _________ in their cars and drive along the ___________. Americans take the _________ to the top floor of a building, but the British use the _____.
gas
highway
petrol
motorway
elevator
lift
American English and British English
subway / underground highway / motorway
theater / theatre gas / petrol
apartment / flat elevator / lift
In the US, they take the _________, but in the UK, people travel on the _____________, Americans live in a(n) ___________ while the British live in a(n) _______.
It’s not as confusing as it seems: usually people from the two countries can understand each other from the context. But that doesn’t stop them having a friendly argument about which word is the “right” one!
subway
underground
apartment
flat
American English and British English
Background information
Noah Webster was an American lexicographer renowned for his American Dictionary of the English
Language and his contribution to American English. Webster played a significant part in defining the words that Americans use, and adopted many American English spellings in his dictionary, for example, “color” and “center”.
Noah Webster (1758-1843)
American English and British English
Background information
He also added commonly used American words that were not part of the British English dictionaries, such as “squash”. He believed that spelling, grammar, and
language usage should be based upon and reflect people’s ways of life, enabling those living in different parts of America to communicate in a common language.
English was brought to America by British settlers due to the colonialism during the 17th century. With further migration in the 18th and 19th centuries, and the various cultural and language influences that this brought, the English in America developed some unique features.
American English and British English
Background information
American English
When America became an independent nation after the War of Independence, Americans regarded their language as another symbol of that independence and believed that they should have a language system of their own.
American English and British English
Background information
American English
American English and British English
Work in pairs. Find more examples of differences between American and British English. Use a dictionary or search on the lnternet.
lf you’d like to find out more about British English and American English, you can search a library or online using these key words:
Development of English
History of the English Language
Before listening
Each year, many additions are made to English dictionaries. Recent additions include “selfie” (a photograph that you take of yourself, usually with a mobile phone) and “netizen” (a citizen who uses the Internet) .
Some messaging abbreviations have also been added, for example, BRB (be right back), COZ (because) and G2G (got to go).
Did you know
Before listening
Look at the three pictures, let’s predict what will be talked about in each conversation
While-listening
Listen to three conversations and match them to the pictures.
Conversation 1
Conversation 2
Conversation 3
b
c
a
While-listening
Listen again and complete the table.
Words Meaning Origin
dim sum a kind of traditional ______________ from _______________
_________________
_______ using a cellphone without caring about others a combination of the words ________ and ______
_______ a shorter way of saying ______________ from the Internet
Chinese food
dialect
the Guangdong
cellfish
cellphone
selfish
“laugh out loud”
LOL
Now talk about how the speakers ask for and explain the meanings of the words. Listen again if necessary.
Speaking
Work in pairs. Act out the conversation to ask for and explain the meanings of the expressions.
Student A: Turn to Page 81.
Student B: Turn to Page 84.
Discussion
Some of the language used on the Internet is different to the language used in other forms of communication. lt may be a quick and, to you, clear way to communicate, but before you use it, stop and think: who do you want to communicate with and why Make sure that any abbreviations and emojis you use are appropriate for the situation, and consider whether your readers will even know what you mean by BRB or Coz.
Learning to learn
Homework
Review word formation and find more examples of differences between American and British English. Use a dictionary or search on the Internet.
Find new words and their meanings on the Internet, and have a similar conversation.
THANK YOU