(共48张PPT)
高考英语短文改错的考点归纳与解题技巧
Andy
高考英语语法考点精讲
一、名词和冠词的错误与答题技巧
二、介词和数词的错误与答题技巧
三、谓语动词的误用与答题技巧
四、非谓语动词形式的语言与答题技巧
五、形容词和副词的误用与答题技巧
思维导图:考点归纳与答题技巧
一、名词和冠词与答题技巧
一、名词和冠词误用与答题技巧
技法经典:
1.理清单复数使用情况
(1)单个名词和不可数的名词要用单数。
(2)多个可数的名词要用复数。
2.牢记雷打不动的十大不可数名词
advice,news,information,progress,work,fun,
weather,music,health,luck。
3.三类位置后常用名词
(1)冠词后常用名词。
(2)介词后常用名词。
(3)形容词性物主代词后常用名词。
技法经典:
4.关注冠词的考查重点
(1)a和an,表达数量或者泛指任何一个。a用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前,an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的词前。
(2)若对于某个名词有明指或暗示的情况,前面要加the。
(3)若某名词是复数、专有名词或抽象名词、物质名词(没有固定性状),前面不适合加冠词,应把该位置空下来,形成“零冠词”。
(4)固定搭配中的冠词需要牢记。
一、名词和冠词误用与答题技巧
[例1] I love doing housework.I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.
解题思维:
(1)语境含义:我喜欢做家务活。饭后, 我总是帮
助父母洗碗。 (2)根据语法知识分析:名词单复数误用。短语do
the dishes意为“洗碗”。
_____
dishes
一、名词和冠词误用与答题技巧
[例2] Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
解题思维:
(1)语境含义:幸运的是,两周后我就要回家过暑假了。
(2)根据语法知识分析:summer vacation“暑假”,是
单数概念。
_____
vacation
一、名词和冠词误用与答题技巧
过关测验:
1.Any creative ideas which is about school life is warmly welcomed.
2.My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families.
3.I will open more.I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.
_____
idea
_____
family
_____
cities
一、名词和冠词误用与答题技巧
过关测验:
4.When I was little,Friday's night was our family game night.
5.For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple.
6.Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
_____
Friday
___
a
___
a
一、名词和冠词误用与答题技巧
过关测验:
7.They live far from the school,and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.
8.Only by tasting failure can we enjoy fruit of success.
__
an
∧
the
一、名词和冠词误用与答题技巧
二、介词和数词与答题技巧
二、介词和数词的误用与答题技巧
技法经典:
1.关注介词遗漏
①不及物动词后需要加介词才能加宾语。
②作定语的不定式中动词如果是不及物动词,或不定式修饰的名词和代词是不定式动词的地点、工具等,不定式后要有相应的介词。
二、介词和数词的误用与答题技巧
技法经典:
2.明辨介词多余
①及物动词后无需加介词再加宾语。
②this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each等词构成的时间短语,前面不用任何介词。
二、介词和数词的误用与答题技巧
技法经典:
3.牢记相似介词的区别
in, on, at的区别:表示时间时,in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后),on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等,at表示具体的时刻。
二、介词和数词的误用与答题技巧
技法经典:
4.识别序数词与基数词的混用和错用
“只描述数量多少的”用基数词;“强调顺序性,作第几”讲的时候用序数词。
5.注意年龄、年代的表达法
表达“在某人几十岁时”用“in one's+逢十的基数词复数”;表达“在几十年代”时,用“in the+逢十的基数词复数”。
[例1] In my opinion,students can benefit a lot doing some housework.
解题思维:
(1)语境含义:在我看来,学生做一些家务可以受益很
多。
(2)考查介词的缺失。benefit from/ by doing sth. 为固
定搭配, 意为“得益于(做)某事”。
二、介词和数词的误用与答题技巧
∧
from
[例2] I'm glad to know that you've come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.
解题思维:
(1)语境含义:在我看来,学生做一些家务可以受益很
多。
(2)考查介词的缺失。benefit from/ by doing sth. 为固
定搭配, 意为“得益于(做)某事”。
二、介词和数词的误用与答题技巧
∧
to
过关测验:
1.You can also choose to make changes in famous dramas to enter into the competition.
2.There I found many people waiting their orders to be checked out.
3.When I studied chemistry high school,I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.
二、介词和数词的误用与答题技巧
﹨
∧
for
∧
in
过关测验:
4.They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain.Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes.
5.After graduating from high school,I'm going to be a computer programmer,which I think is on great demand in the modern world.
6.Without hesitation,I,under the help of Tom and Mary,carried her on my back to the clinic.
二、介词和数词的误用与答题技巧
___
with
__
in
___
with
过关测验:
7.I remember clearly that when I was on my eighteen birthday, my father gave me a present—a picture book.
8.In order to celebrate the eighty anniversary of the founding of our school, a big celebration was held in our school last Sunday.
二、介词和数词的误用与答题技巧
________
eighteenth
_____ eightieth
三、谓语动词误用与答题技巧
三、谓语动词的误用与答题技巧
技法经典:
1.识别时态不一致
文章前后是现在式但却用了过去式,或前后都是过去式却用了现在式,导致时态不一致。
2.判断并列不一致
在平行或并列结构中,动词的形式通常是一致的。关键的问题是看and,or等后的动词与前面的哪个动词并列,一定要理解,辨别清楚。
三、谓语动词的误用与答题技巧
技法经典:
3.留心语态错误
(1)构成被动语态的过去分词写成了一般过去式或现在 分词。
(2)主动语态中却多了be以及be的变形,变成了被动语态。
三、谓语动词的误用与答题技巧
技法经典:
4.注意主谓不一致情况
主语是单数形式,谓语却采取复数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语却采取单数形式,导致主谓不一致的情况。
5.牢记情态动词用法
(1)情态动词后一定要接动词原形,但却用了过去或其他形式。
(2)情态动词相互间的误用。
[例1] Also,it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship.
解题思维:
(1)语境含义:他们的回答也表明他们不喜欢和别人说
话。
(2)非谓语动词的误用。dislike doing sth.为固定搭配,
意为“不喜欢做某事”。
三、谓语动词的误用与答题技巧
﹨
[例2] Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, but I have long been out of practice.
解题思维:
(1)语境含义:实际上,我从七岁就开始学功夫了,
但我已经很长时间没练习了。
(2)根据分析可知,本句考查谓语动词时态错误。由
“when I was seven years old”可确定该句谓语动词应
该为一般过去时态。
三、谓语动词的误用与答题技巧
____
started
过关测验:
四、非谓语动词的误用与答题技巧
1.John went shopping in a store, but he forgot to bring a bag. So he buys a shopping bag.2.However, one day, I forget to wear one when I was heading for a vital exam.3.It not only brings us pleasure but reduce waste around us.
______
bought
______
forgot
______
reduces
过关测验:
四、非谓语动词的误用与答题技巧
4.We have both achieved success and suffer from failure, but different students has different attitudes towards failure.
5.There is another thing that should be keep in mind.6.After getting our tools, we were dividing into different teams.
______
suffered
______
have
_____
kept
______
divided
过关测验:
四、非谓语动词的误用与答题技巧
7.An English drama competition would be held in the school art hall next Friday.8.Usually, sitting around the table, all members of a family has meals together at meal time.
______
will
______
have
四、非谓语动词误用与答题技巧
四、非谓语动词的误用与答题技巧
技法经典:
1.理清to的两种命题方式
①多余:感官动词和使役动词(get除外)后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
②缺失:有些动词,如want, decide, plan等后应接带to的不定式作宾语。
2.辨清非谓语动词与谓语动词
句中已有谓语动词,且另一动词不作并列谓语,则只能用非谓语动词。
四、非谓语动词的误用与答题技巧
技法经典:
3.搞清动词ing形式与动词ed形式的区别
动词ing形式表主动、进行;动词ed 形式表被动、完成;动词ing形式转化的形容词表示“令人……的”,常修饰物;而动词ed形式转化的形容词表示“感到……的”,常修饰人。
4.掌握介词标志
介词后一般需要跟名词或动词ing形式。
四、非谓语动词的误用与答题技巧
技法经典:
5.注意主语或宾语形式
主语或宾语常常使用动词ing形式或不定式。
6.明晰介词to与不定式符号to的用法区别
介词to后接名词、代词或数词,构成介词短语;不定式符号to后接动词原形,构成不定式短语。
[例1] Their answers also show that they dislike
talk to others.
解题思维:
(1)语境含义:他们的回答也表明他们不喜欢和别人说
话。
(2)非谓语动词的误用。dislike doing sth.为固定搭配,
意为“不喜欢做某事”。
______
talking
四、非谓语动词的误用与答题技巧
[例2] I tell my mom that if we're forced eat things, we may become ill.
解题思维:
(1)语境含义:我对妈妈说如果我们被强迫吃东西,我
们可能会生病。
(2)根据固定搭配解题:be forced to do sth.“被迫做某
事”。
∧
to
四、非谓语动词的误用与答题技巧
过关测验:
1.It is rewarding take your time to prepare for the competition.
2.Please let me to know when you will be free and I will buy the tickets in advance.
3.To solve the problem, I forced myself to reading every paragraph with patience, trying to follow the plot.
∧
to
﹨
______
talk
四、非谓语动词的误用与答题技巧
过关测验:
4.They watched him with interest, laughed loudly.
5.As far as I'm concerned, the activity gets us to know about the university and inspiring us to work hard.
6.When I opened the door, my mother seemed to feel a little embarrassing.________________
______
laughing
______
inspires
____________
embarrassed
四、非谓语动词的误用与答题技巧
过关测验:
7.Felt extremely guilty, I really hope you will accept my sincere apology.
8.They find out the causes so that they will avoid made the same mistake.
______
Feeling
______
making
四、非谓语动词的误用与答题技巧
过关测验:
9.I had a ticket to a show I couldn't attend any longer. I was trying to sell it, but I was having a hard time
find someone who would pay the full price.
10.I think work for a newspaper and reporting from all over the world are really exciting.
______
finding
______
working
四、非谓语动词的误用与答题技巧
五、形容词和副词误用与答题技巧
技法经典:
1.明辨词性误用
副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,在句中作状语。
2.理清比较级、最高级的误用
①原级和比较级混用。
②比较级和最高级混用。
③在本身已是比较级形式的基础上误加more。
④在没有最高级的词前误加most。
五、形容词和副词误用与答题技巧
技法经典:
3.关注形近词误用
hard意为“刻苦地,猛烈地”,hardly意为“几乎不,几乎没有”;beside意为“在……旁边”,besides意为“另外”。
4.看清重点连接副词误用
however主要用于转折或对比,意思是“然而,可是,但是”;therefore主要表示结果,意思是“因此,所以”。
五、形容词和副词误用与答题技巧
[例1] What's more,doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study.
解题思维:
(1)语境含义:更重要的是,做家务是一种从学习中精
神放松的形式。
(2)形容词副词的误用。此处应用形容词mental修饰名
词relaxation。
______
mental
四、非谓语动词误用与答题技巧
[例2] I'm surely you'll have a good time.
解题思维:
(1)语境含义:我确信你会玩得很开心。
(2)语境分析:系动词be后跟形容词作表语。
______
sure
四、非谓语动词误用与答题技巧
过关测验:
四、非谓语动词误用与答题技巧
1.When she had finished, she proud put her cake into the oven to cook.2.It provides me with knowledge, and convinces me entire that being alone is not lonely.3.Now I've changed a lot. I have become an energy and positive girl.
______
proudly
______
entirely
______
energetic
过关测验:
四、非谓语动词误用与答题技巧
4.What's worse, some even lose heart and no longer study as harder as before.5.One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.
______
hard
﹨
过关测验:
四、非谓语动词误用与答题技巧
6.The other day, I went home so lately that my mother couldn't afford to wait me any longer.7.About ten minutes late, we smelt something burning.8.It's a famous park in Ma'anshan. Therefore, some of its visitors leave garbage behind.
______
late
____
later
_______
However
Thank you very much !