外研版（2019） 必修第一册 Unit 4 Friends Forever 定语从句之关系代词讲解讲义
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019） 必修第一册 Unit 4 Friends Forever 定语从句之关系代词讲解讲义 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-10-18 22:12:56 | ||
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文档简介
定语从句
导学案
Period 1
Step 1. Lead-in
Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.
The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw “a large cat” only five yards away from her.
以上两句是Lesson 1 中的句子，划线部分是 从句。
Step 2. Presentation
(
一、定语从句的定义、类别、要素
)
(
有最基本、最核心的主语和谓语，才能称之为从句。
)定语从句= 定语 + 从句
(
修饰名词或代词。
)
(
限制性定语从句
)定义：修饰一个名词或代词的从句被称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。
定语从句类别
(
非限制性定语从句
)
在非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开，定语从句补充说明先行词，而此时的先行词可以是一个单词或前面一整个句子。例如：
He scored 69 in last English test, which was a great success.
(
①
先行词：
被定语从句修饰的
名词或代词
。
)
(
②
关系词：
关系词是用来引导定语从句的连接词。
)定语从句二要素
(
关系代词：
that, which, who, whom, whose
。
)
关系词（也称之为连接词）
(
关系副词：
when, where, why
。
)
这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分, 如主语、宾语、表语、状语等。
例如，在Step 1 下面的两个例句中，例句1 的先行词是 ，连接词是 ，它代替先行词在从句中作 。例句2的先行词是 ，连接词是 ，它代替先行词在从句中作 。
(
二、
关系代词
引导定语从句的用法
)
(
1.
who
指人
,
作主语、宾语，作宾语时，
who
可省略。
)
The girl who is singing is my best friend.
He who laughs last laughs best.
He is the man (who) I saw yesterday.
Notice: 关系代词在从句中做主语时，根据先行词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。
没有让宿舍保持整洁的那个男孩被惩罚了。（翻译句子，要求句子为含有who作主语的定语从句。）
(
2. whom
指人，作宾语时，可省略。
)
Mr. Qiao is the person (whom) you heard of before you went to Qinghua High School.
Mr. Chen is just the teacher（whom) they want to see.
The man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend.
特殊: This is the girl with whom he worked. (whom不能省略)
This is the girl (whom) he worked with. (whom可以省略)
这世上我最爱的人是我爸爸和妈妈。（翻译句子，要求句子为含有whom作宾语的定语从句。）
(
3. which
指物，作主语、宾语，作宾语时，可省略。
)
He told us a story which made everyone laugh.
Where is the car (which) you bought last month
The package (which) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
教堂的钟很大，以前不分昼夜打点报时，但很多年前遭到毁坏，从此便无声无息了。(回顾这句话的英文翻译，领会连接词which的用法。）
(
4. that
既可
指人又可指物，作主语、宾语，作宾语时，可省略。
)
The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises by one million.
Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning
The rover is aboard the Tianwen-1 probe arrived in Mars orbit on Feb. 24 and is due to land in May (look) for evidence of life.（填空）
(
5. whose
既可
指人又可指物，作定语。
)
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
他领养了一只小狗，那只小狗的右腿受伤了。（翻译句子，要求句子为含有whose作定语的定语从句。）
(
三、关系代词特殊用法记忆
)
I. 在限制性定语从句中，只能用that不能用which的几种情况：
特殊情况 例句
①当先行词是all, much, little, few, none, anything, nothing, everything, the one等不定代词时； Eg. Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself
② 当先行词被the only, the very (恰恰，正好), any, every, some, no, all, few, little, much, the right, the last, just 等词修饰时。 Eg. This is the very idol that I am encouraged by.
③当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。 Eg. This is the most touching film that I have ever seen.
④当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。 Eg. This train is the last that will go to Zunyi. Eg. What is the first American film that you have seen
⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。 Eg. Look at the girl and her dog that are crossing the street.
⑥当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Eg. Which is the bike that you lost Eg. Who is the girl that won the gold medal
⑦有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which， 另外一个宜用that。 Eg. They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.
⑧当先行词在主句中作表语，且关系词也在从句中作表语时。 Eg. Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
⑨主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时，用that不用which引导。 Eg. There is a seat in the corner that is still available.
II. 当先行词指事或物时，定语从句中关系代词用which 不用that的情况:
特殊情况 例句
①在非限制性定语从句中。 Eg. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
②当动词短语中的介词提前时，用which不用that。但要注意，在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。 Eg. This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived. Eg. This is the pen (that/which) I am looking for. (√) Eg. This is the pen for which I am looking. (X)
③先行词后面有插入语时。 Eg. Here is the English Grammar book, which, as I have told you, will help you improve your English.
④当先行词本身就是that时。 What’s that which flashed in the sky just now 刚从天空一闪而过的是什么？
(
四、单项选择练习题
)
1. Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A. who B. which C. when D. that
2. A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever
3. They’ve won their last three matches, ________I find a bit surprising
A. that B. when C. what D. which
4.I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
5. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
6. Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
7. The Science Museum, we visited during a recent trip to Britain，is one of London’s tourist attractions.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
8. His movie won several awards at the film festival， was beyond his wildest dream.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
9. Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart
disease than those don’t.
A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D. /; /
10. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school，most were from Germany.
A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
导学案
Period 1
Step 1. Lead-in
Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.
The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw “a large cat” only five yards away from her.
以上两句是Lesson 1 中的句子，划线部分是 从句。
Step 2. Presentation
(
一、定语从句的定义、类别、要素
)
(
有最基本、最核心的主语和谓语，才能称之为从句。
)定语从句= 定语 + 从句
(
修饰名词或代词。
)
(
限制性定语从句
)定义：修饰一个名词或代词的从句被称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。
定语从句类别
(
非限制性定语从句
)
在非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开，定语从句补充说明先行词，而此时的先行词可以是一个单词或前面一整个句子。例如：
He scored 69 in last English test, which was a great success.
(
①
先行词：
被定语从句修饰的
名词或代词
。
)
(
②
关系词：
关系词是用来引导定语从句的连接词。
)定语从句二要素
(
关系代词：
that, which, who, whom, whose
。
)
关系词（也称之为连接词）
(
关系副词：
when, where, why
。
)
这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分, 如主语、宾语、表语、状语等。
例如，在Step 1 下面的两个例句中，例句1 的先行词是 ，连接词是 ，它代替先行词在从句中作 。例句2的先行词是 ，连接词是 ，它代替先行词在从句中作 。
(
二、
关系代词
引导定语从句的用法
)
(
1.
who
指人
,
作主语、宾语，作宾语时，
who
可省略。
)
The girl who is singing is my best friend.
He who laughs last laughs best.
He is the man (who) I saw yesterday.
Notice: 关系代词在从句中做主语时，根据先行词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。
没有让宿舍保持整洁的那个男孩被惩罚了。（翻译句子，要求句子为含有who作主语的定语从句。）
(
2. whom
指人，作宾语时，可省略。
)
Mr. Qiao is the person (whom) you heard of before you went to Qinghua High School.
Mr. Chen is just the teacher（whom) they want to see.
The man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend.
特殊: This is the girl with whom he worked. (whom不能省略)
This is the girl (whom) he worked with. (whom可以省略)
这世上我最爱的人是我爸爸和妈妈。（翻译句子，要求句子为含有whom作宾语的定语从句。）
(
3. which
指物，作主语、宾语，作宾语时，可省略。
)
He told us a story which made everyone laugh.
Where is the car (which) you bought last month
The package (which) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
教堂的钟很大，以前不分昼夜打点报时，但很多年前遭到毁坏，从此便无声无息了。(回顾这句话的英文翻译，领会连接词which的用法。）
(
4. that
既可
指人又可指物，作主语、宾语，作宾语时，可省略。
)
The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises by one million.
Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning
The rover is aboard the Tianwen-1 probe arrived in Mars orbit on Feb. 24 and is due to land in May (look) for evidence of life.（填空）
(
5. whose
既可
指人又可指物，作定语。
)
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
他领养了一只小狗，那只小狗的右腿受伤了。（翻译句子，要求句子为含有whose作定语的定语从句。）
(
三、关系代词特殊用法记忆
)
I. 在限制性定语从句中，只能用that不能用which的几种情况：
特殊情况 例句
①当先行词是all, much, little, few, none, anything, nothing, everything, the one等不定代词时； Eg. Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself
② 当先行词被the only, the very (恰恰，正好), any, every, some, no, all, few, little, much, the right, the last, just 等词修饰时。 Eg. This is the very idol that I am encouraged by.
③当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。 Eg. This is the most touching film that I have ever seen.
④当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。 Eg. This train is the last that will go to Zunyi. Eg. What is the first American film that you have seen
⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。 Eg. Look at the girl and her dog that are crossing the street.
⑥当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Eg. Which is the bike that you lost Eg. Who is the girl that won the gold medal
⑦有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which， 另外一个宜用that。 Eg. They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.
⑧当先行词在主句中作表语，且关系词也在从句中作表语时。 Eg. Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
⑨主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时，用that不用which引导。 Eg. There is a seat in the corner that is still available.
II. 当先行词指事或物时，定语从句中关系代词用which 不用that的情况:
特殊情况 例句
①在非限制性定语从句中。 Eg. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
②当动词短语中的介词提前时，用which不用that。但要注意，在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。 Eg. This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived. Eg. This is the pen (that/which) I am looking for. (√) Eg. This is the pen for which I am looking. (X)
③先行词后面有插入语时。 Eg. Here is the English Grammar book, which, as I have told you, will help you improve your English.
④当先行词本身就是that时。 What’s that which flashed in the sky just now 刚从天空一闪而过的是什么？
(
四、单项选择练习题
)
1. Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A. who B. which C. when D. that
2. A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever
3. They’ve won their last three matches, ________I find a bit surprising
A. that B. when C. what D. which
4.I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
5. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
6. Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
7. The Science Museum, we visited during a recent trip to Britain，is one of London’s tourist attractions.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
8. His movie won several awards at the film festival， was beyond his wildest dream.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
9. Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart
disease than those don’t.
A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D. /; /
10. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school，most were from Germany.
A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom