名 词
科目 英语 授课教师 陈小路Clara 课程类型 新课/复习课
教学主题 名词 课时安排 1 次课（2h/次）
名词考点：可数名词及其单复数、不可数名词、专有名词、名词所有格 语法填空主要考查名词词形变化和词性转化。 完形填空主要考查名词词义辨析。 1.名词单复数。 2.可数名词与不可数名词。 3.名词作主语，宾语。 4.名词与谓语动词的主谓一致。 5.名词词义辨析。
真题演练
1，The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 （human）are.（2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷）
2，Provide 68 （finance） aid and other benefits for local peoples. （2021 全国乙卷）
认识名词
（一）名词的定义：
（二）名词的用法：
1,卡尔马克思（Karl Marx）出生在德国。（主语）
2，林肯(Lincoln)年轻时当过店主(storekeeper)和邮政局长(postmaster)。（表语）
3，太吵的噪声会损害他们的耳朵。（宾语）
4，他们自称织工(weaver)。（宾补）
5，亚洲占地球陆地面积的三分之一。（定语）
6，战争持续了4年。（状语）
名词单数变复数
(一) 单数变复数的前提
名词前有数量修饰词
谓语动词为复数
可数名词单数前无限定词
(二)变化规则
1，规则变化
情况 方法 例词
一般情况 maps, cats, days, dogs, places, colleges
以s，x，ch，sh结尾 buses, foxes, boxes, buzzes, inches, brushes
以辅音字母＋y结尾 stories, ladies, flies, cities, families
以元音字母＋y结尾 boys, toys
以f或fe结尾 thieves, leaves, wives, loaves, haves
roofs, gulfs, proofs, chiefs, beliefs, dwarfs
以o结尾 heroes, negroes, tomatoes, potatoes, volcanoes
solos, photos, kilos, pianos, radios, studios
2，不规则变化
① 自身有特殊变化的名词
child孩子→ man男人→ tooth牙→ ox公牛→
foot脚，英尺→ mouse老鼠→ goose鹅→ phenomenon 问题→
thesis 论文→ crisis危机→
② 常见单复数同形的名词：
中国人； 绵羊； 鹿； 系列； 方式； 鱼；
水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即 ， 。
Some deer are eating grass at the bottom of the hill.
Every possible means has been tried, but none has worked.
③ 不用单数形式
裤子， 裤子， 睡衣， 短裤， 衣服， 剪子， 钳子， 眼睛， 眼镜， 异形眼镜 秤
我的裤子在烫平。(复数名词与复数动词连用。)
注：有些名词虽以s结尾，但谓语动词为单数。
新闻， 著作， 物理学， 经济学
合成名词的复数形式：
passer-by → story-teller →
【点睛】
名词+名词时，仅将后面的名词变复数：girl student → 。 但是man/woman+名词时，前后都要变为复数：
woman singer →
名词变形容词
以下两种情况需要把名词转换为相应的形容词:
①系动词+___________(n) ②__________ (n)+名词
It’s______(success) a______(success) businessman
名词变形容词变化表：
后缀 例词 其他常考的词
-ful harm→ （有害的） peace→ （和平的） (痛苦的) (精彩的) (有用的) (小心的) (成功的)
-al culture→ 文化的） nature→ （自然的） (最初的) (传统的) (偶然的) （个人的） (全球的)
-ous humor→ （幽默的）curiosity→ （好奇的） (多种多样的) (危险的) (焦虑的)
-y taste→ （美味的） mess→ （混乱的） (困倦的) (健康的) (内疚的) (吵闹的)
-t patience→ （有耐心的） silence→ （沉默的） (自信的) (独立的) （重要的) (猛烈的）
特殊的名词变形容词 energy--- 精力充沛的 fool--- 傻的 expense--- 昂贵的 caution--- 小心的 benefit--- 益处的 face-- 面部的 mystery - -- 神秘的 anger --- 生气的 hunger--- 饥饿的 day-- 日常的 month--- 每月的 challenge--- 有挑战的 demand--- 费时费力的 south--- 南方的 science--- 科学的 fortune --- 好运的 talent--- 天赋 pride --- 骄傲的
名词所有格
1，-’s所有格：表示“......的”，即名词所有格+n.
单数名词所有格： ，如：my father’s friends.
复数名词所有格： ，如：the teachers’ office.
2，表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。如：at the barber’s在理发店
at the 在老师办公室
3，of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系。如：the window of the room房间的窗户。
【练习3】
1. It is not the (government) fault that is to blame.
2. The clerk dealt with everything carefully to make all the (visitor) departure unforgettable.
church
不可数名词
1， 通常只用作不可数名词的名词： 建议， 家具， 乐趣， 信息， 新闻， 天气， 进步， 财富， 价值等。
2，不可数名词具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词a连用，常考的有：
名词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义
success 成功 成功的人或事
pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事
must 必须；必要的事 一件必要的事
comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物
failure 失败 失败的人或事物
surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情
例如：Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
名词搭配
__________________ 最后；详细地 __________________ 安逸；自在
__________________ 在身边，在附近 __________________ 目前；现在
__________________ 偶然 __________________ 因为；由于
__________________ 另外 __________________ 共同；共有
__________________ 不管；不顾 __________________ 依据；按照
__________________ 徒劳；无效 __________________ 够不到
__________________ 考虑 __________________ 冒险一试
__________________ 够得到 __________________ 总而言之
__________________ 从前 __________________ 换句话说，也就是说
__________________ 妨碍 __________________ 决不
__________________ 在某种程度上 __________________ 顺便提一下
__________________ 生效，起作用 __________________ 生效，实施
__________________ 使生效，使起作用 __________________ 同时，然而
__________________ 片刻，一会儿 __________________ 现在，暂时
__________________ 假使，万一 __________________ 假如，以防（万一）
__________________ 每次，一次 __________________ 从不，决不
__________________ 同时，曾经 __________________ 结果，因此
自主检测
1, Although many children have lost their parents in the Wenchuan earthquake, the rescue and love from all over the world is __________ for them.
a great comfort great comfort
great comforts a great piece of comfort
2, —— What do you think of your breakfast
—— It’s __________ that I’ll never forget it. I like it.
such a delicious breakfast a delicious breakfast
such a bad breakfast so bad a breakfast
3, He is not _________ as a leader but he has gained _________ in teaching.
success; many experiences a success; much experience
great success; an experience success; a lot of experience
4, Don’t think yourself as _______. As the proverb goes “ __________ is the mother of success.” If you work
hard, you’ll succeed sooner or later.
failure; A failure a failure; A failure failure; Failure a failure; Failure
5, The teacher wants to know more about modern science and tries hard to develop a(n) _______ about nature
among his students.
curiosity habit ability independence
6, Wu Wei, a young artist, has received high ___________ from the art community for this sculpture.
pride praise promise progress
7. My teacher has given me useful suggestions and I want to thank him from the ___________ of my heart.
bottom condition way surface
8, You don’t have to tell me your answer now. Give it some __________ and them let me know.
support help protection thought
9, —— I like the ________ named the English World very much.
—— Me, too. I have read it for many years.
game program movie magazine
10, —— What was the _________ of the football match last night
—— AC Milan won the game.
value result choice decision
（2020 全国卷 2）
It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be 41 to the public because of Italy’s privacy laws, 42 working the whole night at a factory in Turin. As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction（拍卖）” 43 by the Italian police where things 44 on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 45 above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.
When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he 47 the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had 48 from Turin. His son, age 15, who had 49 an art appreciation class, thought that there was something 50 about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed( 签 名 ) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he 51 it, he only found “Bonnard," a French 52 he had never heard of. He bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his father’s painting.
"That’s the garden in our picture, "Nicolo’s son told his father. They 55 learned that the painting they 56 was called "The Girl with Two Chairs." They 57 the other painting and learned that it was 58 Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog." The 59 called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were 60 and worth as much as $50 million.
A. attached B. allocated C. exposed D. submitted
A. finished B. delayed C. considered D. tried
A. attended B. reserved C. cancelled D. run
A. shown B. found C. kept D. hidden
A. nice B. familiar C. useful D. real
A. battled B. debated C. discussed D. bargained
A. held B. left C. registered D. brought
A. chosen B. received C. ordered D. moved
A. missed B. failed C. taken D. led
A. concrete B. unusual C. unappealing D. natural
A. appreciated B. touched C. researched D. witnessed
A. painter B. designer C. author D. actor
A. expected B. surprised C. anxious D. ready
A. room B. kitchen C. hall D. garden
A. apparently B. confidently C. eventually D. temporarily
A. owned B. borrowed C. sold D. stole
A. collected B. cleaned C. framed D. studied
A. suitably B. actually C. rightly D. specifically
A. girl B. artist C. family D. police
A. copies B. originals C. models D. presents
（2020 全国卷 3）
As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, 41 can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, 42 their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll 43 that they left it in the changing room, create havoe( 混 乱 ) and then 44 it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the 45 in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a 46 colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 47 .
I remember the first really 48 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was 49 absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather 50 that she became a “regular”. After a while, she 51 for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat 5 52 , and since she’d found it too much to cope with(应对), she’d taken it out on 53 people.
That taught me a valuable 54 and I pass it on to the people who 55 in the market. Don’t take it 56 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think "Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not 57 .” Always water it down and don’t let your ego(自我) get 58 . If you do, you won’t be able to 59 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 60 everyone’s day.
A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists
A. saying B. pretending C. guessing D. replying
A. agree B. promise C. imagine D. swear
A. forget B. decide C. discover D. assume
A. foods B. catalogues C. belongings D. goods
A. particular B. different C. matching D. natural
A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing
A. generous B. polite C. careless D. difficult
A. curious about B. displeased with C. patient with D. uncertain about
A. relaxed B. delighted C. surprised D. embarrassed
A. searched B. argued C. prayed D. apologized
A. by chance B. by herself C. on purpose D. on duty
A. rude B. such C. other D. lonely
A. lesson B. trick C. skill D. trade
A. work B. shop C. meet D. quarrel
A. kindly B. secretly C. personally D. casually
A. ready B. away C. up D. well
A. out of sight B. in the way C. behind the scene D. above the law
A. stress B. expect C. handle D. blame
A. ruins B. makes C. starts D. save
TEST
名词考点：①
②
③
④
名词定义：
名词用法：
名词变复数的前提： ①
②
③
名词的规则变化: ①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
名词的不规则变化：
① 自身有特殊变化的名词
child孩子→ man男人→ tooth牙→ ox公牛→
foot脚，英尺→ mouse老鼠→ goose鹅→ phenomenon 问题→
thesis 论文→ crisis危机→
② 常见单复数同形的名词：
中国人； 绵羊； 鹿； 系列； 方式； 鱼；
水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即 ， 。
Some deer are eating grass at the bottom of the hill.
Every possible means has been tried, but none has worked.
③ 不用单数形式
裤子， 裤子， 睡衣， 短裤， 衣服， 剪子， 钳子， 眼睛， 眼镜， 异形眼镜 秤
我的裤子在烫平。(复数名词与复数动词连用。)
注：有些名词虽以s结尾，但谓语动词为单数。
新闻， 著作， 物理学， 经济学
合成名词的复数形式：
passer-by → story-teller →
【点睛】
名词+名词时，仅将后面的名词变复数：girl student → 。 但是man/woman+名词时，前后都要变为复数：
woman singer →
名词变形容词
以下两种情况需要把名词转换为相应的形容词:
①系动词+___________(n) ②__________ (n)+名词
It’s______(success) a______(success) businessman
名词变形容词变化表：
后缀 例词 其他常考的词
-ful → （有害的） → （和平的） → (痛苦的) → (精彩的) → (有用的) → 小心的) → (成功的)
-al → 文化的） → （自然的） → (最初的) → (传统的) → (偶然的) → （个人的） → (全球的)
-ous → （幽默的） → （好奇的） → (多种多样的) → (危险的) → (焦虑的)
-y → （美味的） → （混乱的） → (困倦的) → (健康的) → (内疚的) → 吵闹的)
-t → （有耐心的） → （沉默的） → (自信的) → (独立的) → （重要的) → (猛烈的）
特殊的名词变形容词 --- 精力充沛的 --- 傻的 --- 昂贵的 --- 小心的 --- 益处的 -- 面部的 --- 神秘的 --- 生气的 --- 饥饿的 -- 日常的 --- 每月的 --- 有挑战的 --- 费时费力的 --- 南方的 --- 科学的 --- 好运的 --- 天赋 --- 骄傲的
名词的所有格：①
②
③
不可数名词：
1， 通常只用作不可数名词的名词： 建议， 家具， 乐趣， 信息， 新闻， 天气， 进步， 财富， 价值等。
2，不可数名词具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词a连用，常考的有：
名词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义
成功 成功的人或事
乐趣 令人高兴的事
必须；必要的事 一件必要的事
安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物
失败 失败的人或事物
惊奇 令人惊奇的事情
例如：Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
名词搭配
__________________ 最后；详细地 __________________ 安逸；自在
__________________ 在身边，在附近 __________________ 目前；现在
__________________ 偶然 __________________ 因为；由于
__________________ 另外 __________________ 共同；共有
__________________ 不管；不顾 __________________ 依据；按照
__________________ 徒劳；无效 __________________ 够不到
__________________ 考虑 __________________ 冒险一试
__________________ 够得到 __________________ 总而言之
__________________ 从前 __________________ 换句话说，也就是说
__________________ 妨碍 __________________ 决不
__________________ 在某种程度上 __________________ 顺便提一下
__________________ 生效，起作用 __________________ 生效，实施
__________________ 使生效，使起作用 __________________ 同时，然而
__________________ 片刻，一会儿 __________________ 现在，暂时
__________________ 假使，万一 __________________ 假如，以防（万一）
__________________ 每次，一次 __________________ 从不，决不
__________________ 同时，曾经 __________________ 结果，因此TEST
名词考点：①
②
③
④
名词定义：
名词用法：
名词变复数的前提： ①
②
③
名词的规则变化: ①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
名词的不规则变化：
① 自身有特殊变化的名词
child孩子→ man男人→ tooth牙→ ox公牛→
foot脚，英尺→ mouse老鼠→ goose鹅→ phenomenon 问题→
thesis 论文→ crisis危机→
② 常见单复数同形的名词：
中国人； 绵羊； 鹿； 系列； 方式； 鱼；
水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即 ， 。
Some deer are eating grass at the bottom of the hill.
Every possible means has been tried, but none has worked.
③ 不用单数形式
裤子， 裤子， 睡衣， 短裤， 衣服， 剪子， 钳子， 眼睛， 眼镜， 异形眼镜 秤
我的裤子在烫平。(复数名词与复数动词连用。)
注：有些名词虽以s结尾，但谓语动词为单数。
新闻， 著作， 物理学， 经济学
合成名词的复数形式：
passer-by → story-teller →
【点睛】
名词+名词时，仅将后面的名词变复数：girl student → 。 但是man/woman+名词时，前后都要变为复数：
woman singer →
名词变形容词
以下两种情况需要把名词转换为相应的形容词:
①系动词+___________(n) ②__________ (n)+名词
It’s______(success) a______(success) businessman
名词变形容词变化表：
后缀 例词 其他常考的词
-ful → （有害的） → （和平的） → (痛苦的) → (精彩的) → (有用的) → 小心的) → (成功的)
-al → 文化的） → （自然的） → (最初的) → (传统的) → (偶然的) → （个人的） → (全球的)
-ous → （幽默的） → （好奇的） → (多种多样的) → (危险的) → (焦虑的)
-y → （美味的） → （混乱的） → (困倦的) → (健康的) → (内疚的) → 吵闹的)
-t → （有耐心的） → （沉默的） → (自信的) → (独立的) → （重要的) → (猛烈的）
特殊的名词变形容词 --- 精力充沛的 --- 傻的 --- 昂贵的 --- 小心的 --- 益处的 -- 面部的 --- 神秘的 --- 生气的 --- 饥饿的 -- 日常的 --- 每月的 --- 有挑战的 --- 费时费力的 --- 南方的 --- 科学的 --- 好运的 --- 天赋 --- 骄傲的
名词的所有格：①
②
③
不可数名词：
1， 通常只用作不可数名词的名词： 建议， 家具， 乐趣， 信息， 新闻， 天气， 进步， 财富， 价值等。
2，不可数名词具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词a连用，常考的有：
名词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义
成功 成功的人或事
乐趣 令人高兴的事
必须；必要的事 一件必要的事
安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物
失败 失败的人或事物
惊奇 令人惊奇的事情
例如：Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
名词搭配
__________________ 最后；详细地 __________________ 安逸；自在
__________________ 在身边，在附近 __________________ 目前；现在
__________________ 偶然 __________________ 因为；由于
__________________ 另外 __________________ 共同；共有
__________________ 不管；不顾 __________________ 依据；按照
__________________ 徒劳；无效 __________________ 够不到
__________________ 考虑 __________________ 冒险一试
__________________ 够得到 __________________ 总而言之
__________________ 从前 __________________ 换句话说，也就是说
__________________ 妨碍 __________________ 决不
__________________ 在某种程度上 __________________ 顺便提一下
__________________ 生效，起作用 __________________ 生效，实施
__________________ 使生效，使起作用 __________________ 同时，然而
__________________ 片刻，一会儿 __________________ 现在，暂时
__________________ 假使，万一 __________________ 假如，以防（万一）
__________________ 每次，一次 __________________ 从不，决不
__________________ 同时，曾经 __________________ 结果，因此名 词
科目 英语 授课教师 陈小路Clara 课程类型 新课/复习课
教学主题 名词 课时安排 1 次课（2h/次）
名词考点：可数名词及其单复数、不可数名词、专有名词、名词所有格 名词复数 名词的词性转化 名词的所有格 名词的词义辨析 语法填空主要考查名词词形变化和词性转化。 完形填空主要考查名词词义辨析。 1.名词单复数。 2.可数名词与不可数名词。 3.名词作主语，宾语。 4.名词与谓语动词的主谓一致。 5.名词词义辨析。
真题演练
1，The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 （human）are.（2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷）
2，Provide 68 （finance） aid and other benefits for local peoples. （2021 全国乙卷）
答案：humans; financial
认识名词
（一）名词的定义：
（二）名词的用法：主宾表，定状补
1,卡尔马克思（Karl Marx）出生在德国。（主语）
Karl Marx was born in Germany.
2，林肯(Lincoln)年轻时当过店主(storekeeper)和邮政局长(postmaster)。（表语）
Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster when he was young.
3，太吵的噪声会损害他们的耳朵。（宾语）
Very loud noise can damage their ears.
4，他们自称织工(weaver)。（宾补）
They call themselves weavers.
5，亚洲占地球陆地面积的三分之一。（定语）
Asia covers one third of the earth’s land area.
6，战争持续了4年。（状语）
The war lasted 4 years.
名词单数变复数
(一) 单数变复数的前提
名词前有数量修饰词 a lot of/lots of, many, a few(一点点，肯定用法。), few（很少的，几个，否定用法）
dozens of, a couple of(一对，三二个)，hundreds of, millions of
谓语动词为复数 are,have(动词原形)
可数名词单数前无限定词 I hung out with my friends yesterday but we didn’t take photos (photo).
(二)变化规则
1，规则变化
情况 方法 例词
一般情况 加-s maps, cats, days, dogs, places, colleges
以s，x，ch，sh结尾 加-es buses, foxes, boxes, buzzes, inches, brushes
以辅音字母＋y结尾 变y为i，再加-es stories, ladies, flies, cities, families
以元音字母＋y结尾 加-s boys, toys
以f或fe结尾 变f/fe为v, 再加-es thieves, leaves, wives, loaves, haves
少数加-s roofs, gulfs, proofs, chiefs, beliefs, dwarfs
以o结尾 有生命加-es heroes, negroes, tomatoes, potatoes, volcanoes
无生命加-s solos, photos, kilos, pianos, radios, studios
2，不规则变化
自身有特殊变化的名词
child孩子→ children man男人→ men tooth牙→ teeth ox公牛→ oxen
foot脚，英尺→ feet mouse老鼠→ mice goose鹅→ geese phenomenon 问题→ phenomena
thesis 论文→ theses crisis危机→ crises
常见单复数同形的名词：
Chinese 中国人； sheep 绵羊； deer 鹿； series 系列； means 方式； fish 鱼；
fruit 水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即 fishes ， fruits 。
Some deer are eating grass at the bottom of the hill.
Every possible means has been tried, but none has worked.
不用单数形式
pants 裤子， trousers 裤子， pyjamas 睡衣，shorts 短裤， clothes 衣服， scissors 剪子， pliers 钳子， eyes 眼睛， glasses 眼镜，spectacles 异形眼镜 scales 秤
My pants are being ironed.
我的裤子在烫平。(复数名词与复数动词连用。)
注：有些名词虽以s结尾，但谓语动词为单数。
news新闻， works著作， physics 物理学， economics 经济学
合成名词的复数形式：
passer-by → passers-by story-teller → story-tellers
【点睛】
名词+名词时，仅将后面的名词变复数：girl student → girl students 。 但是man/woman+名词时，前后都要变为复数：
woman singer → women singers
名词变形容词
以下两种情况需要把名词转换为相应的形容词:
①系动词+___________(n) ②__________ (n)+名词
It’s______(success) a______(success) businessman
名词变形容词变化表：
后缀 例词 其他常考的词
-ful harm→ harmful （有害的） peace→ peaceful （和平的） painful (痛苦的) wonderful (精彩的) useful (有用的) careful (小心的) successful (成功的)
-al culture→ cultural 文化的） nature→ natural （自然的） original (最初的) traditional(传统的)accidental (偶然的) personal （个人的） global (全球的)
-ous humor→ humorous （幽默的）curiosity→ curious （好奇的） various (多种多样的) dangerous (危险的) anxious (焦虑的)
-y taste→ tasty（美味的） mess→ messy （混乱的） sleepy (困倦的) healthy (健康的) guilty (内疚的) noisy (吵闹的)
-t patience→ patient （有耐心的） silence→ silent （沉默的） confidnt (自信的) independent (独立的) important （重要的) violent (猛烈的）
特殊的名词变形容词 energy--- energetic 精力充沛的 fool--- foolish 傻的 expense--- expensive 昂贵的 caution--- cautious 小心的 benefit--- beneficial 益处的 face-- facial 面部的 mystery --- mysterious 神秘的 anger --- angry 生气的 hunger--- hungry 饥饿的 day-- daily 日常的 month--- monthly 每月的 challenge--- challenging 有挑战的 demand--- demanding 费时费力的 south--- southern 南方的 science--- scientific 科学的 fortune --- fortunate 好运的 talent--- talented 天赋 pride --- proud 骄傲的
名词所有格
1，-’s所有格：表示“......的”，即名词所有格+n.
单数名词所有格： n’s ，如：my father’s friends.
复数名词所有格： ns’ ，如：the teachers’ office.
2，表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。如：at the barber’s在理发店
at the teachers’s 在老师办公室
3，of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系。如：the window of the room房间的窗户。
【练习3】
1. It is not the government’s (government) fault that is to blame.
2. The clerk dealt with everything carefully to make all the visitors’ (visitor) departure unforgettable.
church
不可数名词
通常只用作不可数名词的名词： advice 建议， furniture 家具， fun 乐趣， information 信息， news 新闻，
weather 天气， progress 进步， fortune 财富， value 价值等。
2，不可数名词具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词a连用，常考的有：
名词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义
success 成功 成功的人或事
pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事
must 必须；必要的事 一件必要的事
comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物
failure 失败 失败的人或事物
surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情
例如：Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
名词搭配
at length 最后；详细地 at ease 安逸；自在
at hand 在身边，在附近 at present 目前；现在
by accident 偶然 on account of 因为；由于
in addition 另外 in common 共同；共有
in spite of 不管；不顾 according to 依据；按照
in vain 徒劳；无效 out of one’s reach 够不到
take …into consideration 考虑 take a chance 冒险一试
within one’s reach 够得到 in a word 总而言之
once upon a time 从前 in other words 换句话说，也就是说
in the way 妨碍 in no way 决不
in a way 在某种程度上 by the way 顺便提一下
take effect 生效，起作用 come into effect 生效，实施
bring into effect 使生效，使起作用 at the same time 同时，然而
for a moment 片刻，一会儿 for the moment 现在，暂时
in case 假使，万一 in case of 假如，以防（万一）
at a time 每次，一次 at no time 从不，决不
at one time 同时，曾经 as a result 结果，因此
自主检测
1, Although many children have lost their parents in the Wenchuan earthquake, the rescue and love from all over the world is __________ for them.
a great comfort great comfort
great comforts a great piece of comfort
2, —— What do you think of your breakfast
—— It’s __________ that I’ll never forget it. I like it.
such a delicious breakfast a delicious breakfast
such a bad breakfast so bad a breakfast
3, He is not _________ as a leader but he has gained _________ in teaching.
success; many experiences a success; much experience
great success; an experience success; a lot of experience
4, Don’t think yourself as _______. As the proverb goes “ __________ is the mother of success.” If you work
hard, you’ll succeed sooner or later.
failure; A failure a failure; A failure failure; Failure a failure; Failure
5, The teacher wants to know more about modern science and tries hard to develop a(n) _______ about nature
among his students.
curiosity habit ability independence
6, Wu Wei, a young artist, has received high ___________ from the art community for this sculpture.
pride praise promise progress
7. My teacher has given me useful suggestions and I want to thank him from the ___________ of my heart.
bottom condition way surface
8, You don’t have to tell me your answer now. Give it some __________ and them let me know.
support help protection thought
9, —— I like the ________ named the English World very much.
—— Me, too. I have read it for many years.
game program movie magazine
10, —— What was the _________ of the football match last night
—— AC Milan won the game.
value result choice decision
答案：1-5AABDA 6-10BADDB
（2020 全国卷 2）
It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be 41 to the public because of Italy’s privacy laws, 42 working the whole night at a factory in Turin. As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction（拍卖）” 43 by the Italian police where things 44 on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 45 above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.
When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he 47 the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had 48 from Turin. His son, age 15, who had 49 an art appreciation class, thought that there was something 50 about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed( 签 名 ) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he 51 it, he only found “Bonnard," a French 52 he had never heard of. He bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his father’s painting.
"That’s the garden in our picture, "Nicolo’s son told his father. They 55 learned that the painting they 56 was called "The Girl with Two Chairs." They 57 the other painting and learned that it was 58 Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog." The 59 called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were 60 and worth as much as $50 million.
A. attached B. allocated C. exposed D. submitted
A. finished B. delayed C. considered D. tried
A. attended B. reserved C. cancelled D. run
A. shown B. found C. kept D. hidden
A. nice B. familiar C. useful D. real
A. battled B. debated C. discussed D. bargained
A. held B. left C. registered D. brought
A. chosen B. received C. ordered D. moved
A. missed B. failed C. taken D. led
A. concrete B. unusual C. unappealing D. natural
A. appreciated B. touched C. researched D. witnessed
A. painter B. designer C. author D. actor
A. expected B. surprised C. anxious D. ready
A. room B. kitchen C. hall D. garden
A. apparently B. confidently C. eventually D. temporarily
A. owned B. borrowed C. sold D. stole
A. collected B. cleaned C. framed D. studied
A. suitably B. actually C. rightly D. specifically
A. girl B. artist C. family D. police
A. copies B. originals C. models D. presents
答案：41-45 CADBA 46-50 ADDCB 51-55CABDC 56-60ADBBB
（2020 全国卷 3）
As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, 41 can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, 42 their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll 43 that they left it in the changing room, create havoe( 混 乱 ) and then 44 it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the 45 in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a 46 colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 47 .
I remember the first really 48 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was 49 absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather 50 that she became a “regular”. After a while, she 51 for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat 5 52 , and since she’d found it too much to cope with(应对), she’d taken it out on 53 people.
That taught me a valuable 54 and I pass it on to the people who 55 in the market. Don’t take it 56 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think "Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not 57 .” Always water it down and don’t let your ego(自我) get 58 . If you do, you won’t be able to 59 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 60 everyone’s day.
A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists
A. saying B. pretending C. guessing D. replying
A. agree B. promise C. imagine D. swear
A. forget B. decide C. discover D. assume
A. foods B. catalogues C. belongings D. goods
A. particular B. different C. matching D. natural
A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing
A. generous B. polite C. careless D. difficult
A. curious about B. displeased with C. patient with D. uncertain about
A. relaxed B. delighted C. surprised D. embarrassed
A. searched B. argued C. prayed D. apologized
A. by chance B. by herself C. on purpose D. on duty
A. rude B. such C. other D. lonely
A. lesson B. trick C. skill D. trade
A. work B. shop C. meet D. quarrel
A. kindly B. secretly C. personally D. casually
A. ready B. away C. up D. well
A. out of sight B. in the way C. behind the scene D. above the law
A. stress B. expect C. handle D. blame
A. ruins B. makes C. starts D. save
答案: 41-45 BADCD 46-50 ABDBC 51-55 DBCAA 56-60 CDBCA
TEST
名词考点：①名词复数
②名词的词性转化
名词的所有格
名词词义辨析
名词定义：用来表示人、事物、地点和抽象概念名称的词。
名词用法：主，宾，表，定，状，补
名词变复数的前提： ①名词前有数量修饰词
谓语动词为复数
可数名词单数前无限定词
名词的规则变化: ①一般情况 加s
② 以s,x,ch,sh结尾 加es
③
④
⑤
⑥
名词的不规则变化：
① 自身有特殊变化的名词
child孩子→ man男人→ tooth牙→ ox公牛→
foot脚，英尺→ mouse老鼠→ goose鹅→ phenomenon 问题→
thesis 论文→ crisis危机→
② 常见单复数同形的名词：
中国人； 绵羊； 鹿； 系列； 方式； 鱼；
水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即 ， 。
Some deer are eating grass at the bottom of the hill.
Every possible means has been tried, but none has worked.
③ 不用单数形式
裤子， 裤子， 睡衣， 短裤， 衣服， 剪子， 钳子， 眼睛， 眼镜， 异形眼镜 秤
我的裤子在烫平。(复数名词与复数动词连用。)
注：有些名词虽以s结尾，但谓语动词为单数。
新闻， 著作， 物理学， 经济学
合成名词的复数形式：
passer-by → story-teller →
【点睛】
名词+名词时，仅将后面的名词变复数：girl student → 。 但是man/woman+名词时，前后都要变为复数：
woman singer →
名词变形容词
以下两种情况需要把名词转换为相应的形容词:
①系动词+___________(n) ②__________ (n)+名词
It’s______(success) a______(success) businessman
名词变形容词变化表：
后缀 例词 其他常考的词
-ful → （有害的） → （和平的） → (痛苦的) → (精彩的) → (有用的) → 小心的) → (成功的)
-al → 文化的） → （自然的） → (最初的) → (传统的) → (偶然的) → （个人的） → (全球的)
-ous → （幽默的） → （好奇的） → (多种多样的) → (危险的) → (焦虑的)
-y → （美味的） → （混乱的） → (困倦的) → (健康的) → (内疚的) → 吵闹的)
-t → （有耐心的） → （沉默的） → (自信的) → (独立的) → （重要的) → (猛烈的）
特殊的名词变形容词 --- 精力充沛的 --- 傻的 --- 昂贵的 --- 小心的 --- 益处的 -- 面部的 --- 神秘的 --- 生气的 --- 饥饿的 -- 日常的 --- 每月的 --- 有挑战的 --- 费时费力的 --- 南方的 --- 科学的 --- 好运的 --- 天赋 --- 骄傲的
名词的所有格：①
②
③
不可数名词：
1， 通常只用作不可数名词的名词： 建议， 家具， 乐趣， 信息， 新闻， 天气， 进步， 财富， 价值等。
2，不可数名词具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词a连用，常考的有：
名词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义
成功 成功的人或事
乐趣 令人高兴的事
必须；必要的事 一件必要的事
安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物
失败 失败的人或事物
惊奇 令人惊奇的事情
例如：Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
名词搭配
__________________ 最后；详细地 __________________ 安逸；自在
__________________ 在身边，在附近 __________________ 目前；现在
__________________ 偶然 __________________ 因为；由于
__________________ 另外 __________________ 共同；共有
__________________ 不管；不顾 __________________ 依据；按照
__________________ 徒劳；无效 __________________ 够不到
__________________ 考虑 __________________ 冒险一试
__________________ 够得到 __________________ 总而言之
__________________ 从前 __________________ 换句话说，也就是说
__________________ 妨碍 __________________ 决不
__________________ 在某种程度上 __________________ 顺便提一下
__________________ 生效，起作用 __________________ 生效，实施
__________________ 使生效，使起作用 __________________ 同时，然而
__________________ 片刻，一会儿 __________________ 现在，暂时
__________________ 假使，万一 __________________ 假如，以防（万一）
__________________ 每次，一次 __________________ 从不，决不
__________________ 同时，曾经 __________________ 结果，因此
