人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 1 Science fiction Section B Learning about Language 学案（有答案））

Unit 1 Science fiction
Section B Learning about Language
学习目标
掌握本节生词及语法。
词汇运用
1. be aware of
意思：________
相当于become aware of
相关词语积累：
aware adj. 意识到的；察觉到的
make sb. aware of使某人意识到
be/become aware that. . . 知道… 意识到…
as far as I'm aware(=as far as I know)据我所知
unaware adj. 不知道；未察觉
be unaware of… 不知道… 没意识到…
awareness n.意识，知道
raise awareness of sth. 提高对某事物的意识
练习：The dog suddenly started barking as if aware ____the stranger's approach.
2. charge
词性：________ 意思：________
词性：________ 意思：________
charge sb. with(doing) sth. =accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 控告／指控某人（做）某事
charge…for… 因…向…收费
charge for… 收…的费用
free of charge (=for free)免费
in charge 负责
in charge of…主管/负责…(表状态，主语通常为人）
in the charge of sb. 由某人掌管（主语通常为物）
take charge(of…)掌管/负责（…）（表动作）
练习：It was said that the project was ____the charge of an expert from Beijing.
3. adapt
词性：________ 意思：________
Adapt…for… 把…改编成
adapted from… 由…改编
adapt to (=adapt oneself to)适应
相关词语积累：
adaptation/adaption n. 适应；改编本
adaptable adj. 有适应能力的，能适应的
练习：The movie is adapted ____theatre play by Mahua FunAge, a company which was set up in 2003 to produce stage shows.
4. admit
词性：________ 意思：________
admit. . .to/into… 准许…进入…； 准许…加入…
be admitted to/into… 被…录取；被…接纳
be admitted as… 作为…被接纳
admit(to)sth. 承认某事
admit (to) doing sth. /having done sth. 承认做了某事
admit(to sb. )that… （向某人）承认…
相关词语积累：
admission n. 承认，招认；准许加入；入场费
make an admission that…承认/招认…
apply for admission to/into…申请进入/加入…
gain/obtain admission to/into…获准进入/加入…
练习：Tom admitted____ (cheat) in the examination and he was not admitted the school at last.
语法解析
被动语态
知识点1 被动语态的构成
英语有种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，其构成为：助动词be+动词过去分词。在被动语态中，动作的执行者一般由by引出，但在多数情况下被省略。通常只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。
1.被动语态的时态形式表（以动词do为例）：
形式 构成
现在时 一般式 am/is/are + done
进行式 am/is/are + being done
完成式 has/have + been done
过去时 一般式 was/ were + done
进行式 was/were + being done
完成式 had been + done
过去将来时 should/would be done
一般将来时 will/ shall be done
2.被动语态的特殊情况
（1）含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词＋be+及物动词的过去分词。
All the letters should be answered immediately. 所有信件均应立刻回复。
（2）不定式的被动语态
①一般式（to be done）:表示不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生或与其（几乎）同时发生
②完成式（to have been done）:表示不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
The book is said to be published soon. 据说这本书很快就会出版。
The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 据说这本书已被译成很多种语言。
知识点2 主动形式表示被动意义的情况
1.连系动词（如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, remain等）后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
Your advice sounds practical. 你的建议听起来是可行的。
Whether we can have a holiday remains unknown. 我们还不知道能否休假。
The material feels very soft. 这种材料摸起来很软。
The food tastes delicious. 这种食物尝起来味道很好。
2.当open,close,shut,lock,move,read,wash,clean,cook,sell,cut,wear,carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The door doesn't shut. 这门关不上。
The book sells well. 这书卖得不错。
3.want,need,require等少数表示需要的动词后跟v-ing时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs cleaning. =The house needs to be cleaned.这所房子需要打扫。
This wall requires repairing. = This wall requires to be repaired. 这面墙需要修理。
知识点3 使用被动语态时要注意的问题
1.常见的不能用于被动语态的（短语）动词有 appear, belong, disappear, happen, break out, come true, take place, run out, date back等。
We cannot say for sure what will happen. 我们无法确切地说会发生什么事。
2.在主动语态里，跟在动词see, make, hear, watch, notice 等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to,但变为被动语态时，to必须补上。
他们让他独自去那里。
They made him go there alone. （主动语态）
He was made to go there alone by them. （被动语态）
3.接双宾语的动词变被动语态。有些动词在主动语态中常接双宾语，即间接宾语（一般指人）和直接宾语（一般指物）。在变为被动语态时，如果间接宾语被提前作主语，那么直接宾语保持不变；如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加上相应的介词to或for.
We gave him the letter. =He was given the letter by us. =The letter was given to him by us. 我们把那封信给他了。
She bought her mother a new coat. =Her mother was bought a new coat by her. = A new coat was bought for her mother by her. 她给她妈妈买了一件新大衣。
4.将含有动词＋介词/副词类短语动词（如 look after, put on）的主动句变为被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词应保留。
她经常照看老人。
She often looks after the old. （主动语态）The old are often looked after by her.（被动语态）
练习：
1. My washing machine ____ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
2. The parts of a museum open to the public ____ (call) galleries or rooms.
3. The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ____ (remain) around that level ever since.
4. After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve's music was beautiful and professional. It needed ____ (share) in public.
5. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ____ (belong) to the well- educated.
答案：
词汇运用：1.of 2.in 3.from 4.cheating
语法解析：1.is being repaired 2.are called 3.has remained 4.to be shared 5.belongs
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