Unit 6 When was it invented 语法精析+学法应用+典题技精炼

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 5 What are the shirts made of
语法精析
概述：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的，英语有两种语态。主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
巧记为： 主动、主动、主去动 。例如：
Many people speak English
谓语speak 的动作是由主语many people 来执行的，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：
English is spoken by many people .
主语English 是动词speak 的承受者。
主动语态和被动语态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，就句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词（词组）做谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词（词组）作谓语动词的句子。例如：
He opened the door 他开了门。 （主动句）
The door was opened .门开了。 （被动句）
被动语态的构成：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
一般现在时：am/is/are+taught
一般过去时：was/were +taught
一般将来时：will/shall be +taught
现在进行时：am /is /are being +taught
过去进行时：was/were being +taught
现在完成时：have/has been +taught
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面
被动语态的用法
不直到或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：
Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 （不直到电脑是谁偷的
强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：
The window was broken by Mike . 窗户是迈克打破的。
歌诀：谁作的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需要强调，被动语态运用到。
主动语态变被动语态的方法
把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
把谓语变成被动结构（be+过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）
把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主语改为宾语。 例如：
All the people laughed at him .
He was laughed at by all the people .
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟，谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
句型的变化
原句型是do,要变成to do , 原句型是to do 的不变
例如：ask sb to do sth 要变成sb be asked to do sth
make sb do sth 要变成sb be made to do sth
学法精点
在学习写作的过程中，教师应该鼓励学生尝试语言表达的多样化的和复杂化，因此要写成一篇较有水准的英语作文，除了要点和语言准确度以外，还必须在语用，语法结构以及表达的多样性和灵活性上由所哦表现。
那么，英语作文如何才能得高分呢？以下几种手段是增加句子复杂性的常见用法，也是得高分得“亮点”。
使用正确的时态。 2. 注意名词的单复数。 3. 要灵活运用句型和短语。 4. 句子之间要衔接紧密。 5. 末尾要有结束语， 但不宜过长。
学法精炼
( ) 1. The flowers _____ last week They are dying .
are watered B. watered C . were not watered D. was watered
( ) 2. She was heard _____ an English song .
to sing B . sing C. sang D. to be sang
( ) 3. -Do you know who invented the telephone
-No. I only know it _____ in 1876.
invented B. was invented C . invents
( ) 4. Fax machines (传真机）were a wonderful _______ at that time .
inventor B. invention C. invented
( ) 5. Edison is a great ______ in the world.
inventor B. invention C. invented
( ) 6. The number of pages in this book ______ 60.
is B. are C. were D. was
( ) 7. A number of students _______ planting trees on the hill.
were B. was C. is D. are
( ) 8. I bought nine ______ and four ______ in the market .
potatos ; tamatos B. potatoes ; tomatos
C potatos ; tomatoes D. potatoes ; tomatoes
( ) 9. There are three ______ in the room . Many books are on them .
leaves B. shelf C. shelves D. knives
( ) 10. We can’t live ______ the air .
and B. no C. with D. without
( ) 11. Don’t leave the room ______ the lights on.
and B. no C. with D. without
( ) 12. I still remember the college and the teachers ______ I visited in London years ago .
what B. who C. that D. which
( ) 13. The movie ______ we saw last night was fantastic .
that B. what C. whose D. who
Many _______(Australia ) will come to China to visit the Great Wall next year.
A G_______ is a person who comes for Germany
The police are running after two _______(thief ) . They stole many expensive things from the house .
用alone 或 lonely 填空
She went to college ______ last year . No one drove her there.
Han Mei was reading _______ when the teacher came into the classroom .
Li Hong feels very ______ at home , because her parents both work in Shanghai .
语法精炼
( ) 1. -Do you often clean your classroom
-Yes. Our classroom _______ every day .
clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. is cleaning
( ) 2. A talk on developments in science and technology ______ in the school hall next week .
given B. will be given C. has been given D. give
( ) 3. His new book ______ next month .
will be published B. is publishing
C is being published D. has been published
( ) 4. -Did you go to Jack’s birthday party
-No, I ______ .
am not invited B. wasn’t invited
C haven’t invited D. didn’t invite
( ) 5. -Mum , can I go to the zoo with Jack
-When your homework ______ , you can .
is done B. was done C. does D. did
( ) 6. Twenty -year-olds should not ______ to drive in China.
allow B. be allow C. be allowed D. allowed
( ) 7. The book Business@the Speed of Thought ______ in 1999.
writes B. is written C. wrote D. was written
( ) 8. Trees and flowers _____ every year to make our country more beautiful .
is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted
( ) 9 The earth is our home . It ______ well.
must be protected B. should protect C. need protect D. should protected
( ) 10. _____ a new library ______ in your school last year
Is ; built B. Was ;built C. Does ; built D. Did ; built
( ) 11. Cotton _____ in the southeast of China.
is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow
( ) 12. Your shoes ______ . You need a new pair .
wear out B. worn out C. are worn out D. is worn
( ) 13. -When _____ this kind of computer _____
-Last year.
did ; use B. was ; used C. is ; used D. are ; used
( ) 14. The Great Wall ______ about all over the world .
knows B. knew C. is known D. was known
( ) 15. I ______ in summer.
born B. was born C. have been born D. am born
( ) 16. He says that Mr Zhang ______ to the factory next week .
is sent B. would send C. was sent D. will be sent
( ) 17. Who ______ this book _____
did ; written B. was ; written by C. do ; written D. was ; written
( ) 18. Mary ______ show me her new dictionary .
has asked to B. was asked to C. is asked D. asks to
( ) 19. A story ______ by Granny yesterday .
was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us
( ) 20. The monkey was seen ______ out of the tree.
jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump
参考答案
语法精炼
1-5 CABBA 6-10 ADDCD 11-13 CCA
Australians 15. German 16. thieves 17. alone alone lonely
学法应用
1-5 CBABA 6-10 CDCAB 11-15 ACBCB 16-20 DBBBD
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