2023届高考英语二轮复习：推理判断 2022全国卷等易错题 对点练习 学案(有答案）
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语二轮复习：推理判断 2022全国卷等易错题 对点练习 学案(有答案） |  | |
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推理判断：2022全国卷等易错题+对点练习
1、（2022全国I卷B）
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，呼吁人们节约粮食，减少浪费，珍惜劳动成果，保护自然资源。
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
2、（2022全国I卷D）
本文为说明文，主要讲述了人类语音的发展与农业的发展，以及其所带来的饮食结构的变化有着密不可分的关系。
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
3、（2022全国II卷C）
本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary. C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
4、（2022全国甲卷D)
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了悉尼在传统与现代的碰撞中发展及不同身份的人的观点态度。
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”
What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international.
5、（2022全国乙卷 B)
本文是一篇书评，简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的作品Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West的主要内容，并对其进行了评价。这本书讲述了1916年美国上流社会两名女性去当时条件还很落后的美国西部地区支教的故事。
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
6、（2022浙江卷C）
本文为说明文，主要讲述了当前的一项科研成果——适度的努力和良好的情绪有助于提升工作效率。
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. A good thinker is able to inspire other people. B. Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C. A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind. D. Focusing on what you do raises productivity.对点练习：
1、(2021年全国甲卷)
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.
2、(2020年全国Ⅱ卷·31)
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
3、While Solar Foods does not expect Solein to challenge conventional protein production methods in the next two decades, it does expect it to become a “new harvest” for humanity, which is significant considering so far we have only relied on plants and animals for sustenance. The Helsinki-based company plans to open its first Solein factory at the end of 2021 and scale up production to two billion meals per year by 2022.
What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. The company thinks Solein would have a rewarding future.
B. Solein is supposed to challenge traditional protein production.
C. There is still a long way for Solein to be put into production.
D.Humans can completely rely on Solein to survive.
4、Although some psychologists remain skeptical about whether music may have powerful effects on our thinking, a number of studies he shown that listening to music can increase people's spatial reasoning abilities. Furthermore, it is clear that music can greatly influence our emotions. Personally significant music activates areas of the brain associated with pleasure and reward, the same areas that are activated by sex and good food.
It can be learned from paragraph 4 that____________.
A. no doubt music can increase people's thinking ability.
B. music simply gives people positive emotions.
C. only music can give pople pure pleasure and reward.
D. music has a great influence on human beings.
答案：
1、（2022全国I卷B）(正确答案：B ）
一、词汇重点
mindful 留心的
stick粘贴-（sticker）；卡住（be stuck in);伸出（stick out);坚持（stick to);[非正式用语]（迅速而随意地）摆放﹐放置
freezer冰箱
go bad变质
unthinkingly adv [派生词] 不加思考地（un- + thinking + -ly）
二、句子结构分析
I could have made six salads with what I threw out. 主干：so had those
分析：could have done表示虚拟，本可以
参考译文：但我本可以用我扔掉的东西做6次沙拉。
三、解题突破
根据第一段But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. （但是随着日子一天天过去，芝麻菜变质了。甚至更糟的是，我已经不加思考地买了太多；原本可以用我扔掉的东西做6次沙拉。）推断出我们有时候会无意识地浪费食物，unintentionally与文中的unthinkingly为同义异构。故选B。
四、干扰选项
A.我们几乎不关注食物浪费。
C.我们蔬菜比肉浪费得更多。
D.我们有充足的理由浪费食物。
五、出题句翻译背诵
Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
翻译：甚至更糟的是，我已经不加思考地买了太多；原本可以用我扔掉的东西做6次沙拉。
2、（2022全国I卷D）(正确答案：C ）
一、词汇重点
the upper and lower front teeth上下门牙
touch sth to sth 把某物贴着某物；
the lower lip 下嘴唇；
overbite n（牙齿的）覆咬合, 上包齿（over- + bite）
二、句子结构分析
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.
分析：which引导定语从句，指代前面的名词labiodentals（唇齿音）
参考译文：他们发现古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的，这使他们很难发出唇齿音，唇齿音是由下齿和上齿相碰发出的。
三、解题突破
根据第三段Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.（后来，我们的下巴变成了覆咬合结构，这使我们更容易发出这种声音，可以推断出古代的成年人很难发出唇齿音是因为下巴结构不方便。故选C.
四、干扰选项
A. 他们有更少的上门牙。
B. 他们不能容易地打开和闭合他们的嘴唇。
D. 下门牙不够大
五、出题句翻译背诵
our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
翻译：我们的下巴变成了覆咬合结构，这使我们更容易发出这种声音。
3、（2022全国II卷D）(正确答案：A ）
一、词汇重点
state n.状态 ；国家 v.陈述，说明（n. statement)
ban v.禁止 n.禁令
range n.范围；山脉 v.处于某个范围之类
campaign n.(政治、商业、社会）运动；(宣传）活动；战役
measure n.度量单位 ；措施 v. 测量
wheel n.车轮，方向盘
二、句子结构分析
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
分析：behind the wheel在驾驶，掌舵
（2017年全国卷）We hope to ensure that older drivers stay safe behind the wheel.我们希望确保老年司机行驶中的安全。
参考译文：在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。
三、解题突破
根据第一段中“Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。
四、干扰选项
A. ineffective. 无效的，不起作用的
B. unnecessary.没有必要的
C. inconsistent. 不一致的，前后矛盾的
D. unfair.不公平的
五、出题句翻译背诵
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.
参考译文：然而，从任何衡量标准来看，这个问题都变得更糟。
4、（2022全国甲卷D）(正确答案：A ）
一、词汇重点
increasingly adv [派生词] 不断增加地（increasing + -ly）；
modernity n [派生词] 现代（modern + -ity）
sweep aside 拒不理会，无视；
be confused about 对……感到困惑
conflict冲突
overbite n（牙齿的）覆咬合, 上包齿（over- + bite）
二、句子结构分析
In its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.
分析：介词短语充当时间状语。
参考译文：在20世纪70年代的现代化浪潮中，悉尼摒弃了许多自己过去的东西，包括那些精美的建筑物。A
三、解题突破
根据倒数第三段第二句Shirley Fitzgerald所说 ... Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. 可知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为在奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼摒弃了许多自己过去的东西，包括那些精美的建筑物。A项losing its traditions丢失其传统与swept aside much of its past同义异构。
四、干扰选项
B. 它应该加速他的进展
C. 它扩充他的人口
D. 它变得越来越国际化
五、出题句翻译背诵
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare.
如今，在悉尼的每个地方，变化和进步都是口号(口号)，而传统越来越罕见。
5、（2022全国乙卷B）(正确答案：D ）
一、词汇重点
move in with sb 搬来和某人一起居住；
privacy n [派生词] 隐私
quilt n被子；
weep v [正式用语] 流泪，哭泣
a blanket of snow 厚厚的一层雪
二、句子结构分析
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.
分析：when引导时间状语从句
参考译文：她们搬进当地的哈里森家中居住，和他们一样几乎没有私人空间，很少洗澡，早晨醒来时她们的被子上覆盖了一层雪。
三、解题突破
根据第三段 … had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. 以及In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. 可知，两个女孩支教的地方生活条件异常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。所以选项D正确。
四、干扰选项
A.他们很受尊敬
B.他们有一个带浴缸的房间
C.他们和当地孩子住在一起
五、出题句翻译背诵
Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
某些早晨，Rosamond 和Dorothy到达校舍时会发现孩子们因受冻而哭泣，春天，（被子上的）雪被带一层冰的泥浆所取代。
6、（2022浙江卷C）
一、词汇重点
off-task非任务时间的
seemingly看似
mood情绪
be unrelated to与... 无关
level层次，水平
productivity生产力，生产率
二、句子结构分析
Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work
分析：that引导的定语从句，主句为Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things
参考译文：Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work
做一个好的思考者的一部分是经历一些似乎与你目前正在做的事情无关的事情，但却能给你关于工作的新想法的事情。
三、解题突破
根据最后一段中的... there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. 可 知，良好的情绪有利于提升生产力和创造力，由此推断愉快的心情有助于使人产生创造性的思维。C项中的cheerful和creative mind分别对应文中 的 positive 和 creativity。
四、干扰选项
A、 一个好的思考者能够激励他人。
B、 与工作无关的经验是无用的。
D、 专注于你的工作可以提高生产力。
五、出题句翻译背诵
There is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
大量研究表明良好的情绪有利于提升生产力和创造力，因此，当人们做一些提高生活满足感的事情时，他们叶让自己的工作更高效。
1、（2022全国I卷B）
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，呼吁人们节约粮食，减少浪费，珍惜劳动成果，保护自然资源。
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
2、（2022全国I卷D）
本文为说明文，主要讲述了人类语音的发展与农业的发展，以及其所带来的饮食结构的变化有着密不可分的关系。
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
3、（2022全国II卷C）
本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary. C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
4、（2022全国甲卷D)
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了悉尼在传统与现代的碰撞中发展及不同身份的人的观点态度。
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”
What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international.
5、（2022全国乙卷 B)
本文是一篇书评，简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的作品Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West的主要内容，并对其进行了评价。这本书讲述了1916年美国上流社会两名女性去当时条件还很落后的美国西部地区支教的故事。
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
6、（2022浙江卷C）
本文为说明文，主要讲述了当前的一项科研成果——适度的努力和良好的情绪有助于提升工作效率。
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. A good thinker is able to inspire other people. B. Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C. A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind. D. Focusing on what you do raises productivity.对点练习：
1、(2021年全国甲卷)
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.
2、(2020年全国Ⅱ卷·31)
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
3、While Solar Foods does not expect Solein to challenge conventional protein production methods in the next two decades, it does expect it to become a “new harvest” for humanity, which is significant considering so far we have only relied on plants and animals for sustenance. The Helsinki-based company plans to open its first Solein factory at the end of 2021 and scale up production to two billion meals per year by 2022.
What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. The company thinks Solein would have a rewarding future.
B. Solein is supposed to challenge traditional protein production.
C. There is still a long way for Solein to be put into production.
D.Humans can completely rely on Solein to survive.
4、Although some psychologists remain skeptical about whether music may have powerful effects on our thinking, a number of studies he shown that listening to music can increase people's spatial reasoning abilities. Furthermore, it is clear that music can greatly influence our emotions. Personally significant music activates areas of the brain associated with pleasure and reward, the same areas that are activated by sex and good food.
It can be learned from paragraph 4 that____________.
A. no doubt music can increase people's thinking ability.
B. music simply gives people positive emotions.
C. only music can give pople pure pleasure and reward.
D. music has a great influence on human beings.
答案：
1、（2022全国I卷B）(正确答案：B ）
一、词汇重点
mindful 留心的
stick粘贴-（sticker）；卡住（be stuck in);伸出（stick out);坚持（stick to);[非正式用语]（迅速而随意地）摆放﹐放置
freezer冰箱
go bad变质
unthinkingly adv [派生词] 不加思考地（un- + thinking + -ly）
二、句子结构分析
I could have made six salads with what I threw out. 主干：so had those
分析：could have done表示虚拟，本可以
参考译文：但我本可以用我扔掉的东西做6次沙拉。
三、解题突破
根据第一段But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. （但是随着日子一天天过去，芝麻菜变质了。甚至更糟的是，我已经不加思考地买了太多；原本可以用我扔掉的东西做6次沙拉。）推断出我们有时候会无意识地浪费食物，unintentionally与文中的unthinkingly为同义异构。故选B。
四、干扰选项
A.我们几乎不关注食物浪费。
C.我们蔬菜比肉浪费得更多。
D.我们有充足的理由浪费食物。
五、出题句翻译背诵
Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
翻译：甚至更糟的是，我已经不加思考地买了太多；原本可以用我扔掉的东西做6次沙拉。
2、（2022全国I卷D）(正确答案：C ）
一、词汇重点
the upper and lower front teeth上下门牙
touch sth to sth 把某物贴着某物；
the lower lip 下嘴唇；
overbite n（牙齿的）覆咬合, 上包齿（over- + bite）
二、句子结构分析
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.
分析：which引导定语从句，指代前面的名词labiodentals（唇齿音）
参考译文：他们发现古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的，这使他们很难发出唇齿音，唇齿音是由下齿和上齿相碰发出的。
三、解题突破
根据第三段Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.（后来，我们的下巴变成了覆咬合结构，这使我们更容易发出这种声音，可以推断出古代的成年人很难发出唇齿音是因为下巴结构不方便。故选C.
四、干扰选项
A. 他们有更少的上门牙。
B. 他们不能容易地打开和闭合他们的嘴唇。
D. 下门牙不够大
五、出题句翻译背诵
our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
翻译：我们的下巴变成了覆咬合结构，这使我们更容易发出这种声音。
3、（2022全国II卷D）(正确答案：A ）
一、词汇重点
state n.状态 ；国家 v.陈述，说明（n. statement)
ban v.禁止 n.禁令
range n.范围；山脉 v.处于某个范围之类
campaign n.(政治、商业、社会）运动；(宣传）活动；战役
measure n.度量单位 ；措施 v. 测量
wheel n.车轮，方向盘
二、句子结构分析
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
分析：behind the wheel在驾驶，掌舵
（2017年全国卷）We hope to ensure that older drivers stay safe behind the wheel.我们希望确保老年司机行驶中的安全。
参考译文：在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。
三、解题突破
根据第一段中“Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。
四、干扰选项
A. ineffective. 无效的，不起作用的
B. unnecessary.没有必要的
C. inconsistent. 不一致的，前后矛盾的
D. unfair.不公平的
五、出题句翻译背诵
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.
参考译文：然而，从任何衡量标准来看，这个问题都变得更糟。
4、（2022全国甲卷D）(正确答案：A ）
一、词汇重点
increasingly adv [派生词] 不断增加地（increasing + -ly）；
modernity n [派生词] 现代（modern + -ity）
sweep aside 拒不理会，无视；
be confused about 对……感到困惑
conflict冲突
overbite n（牙齿的）覆咬合, 上包齿（over- + bite）
二、句子结构分析
In its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.
分析：介词短语充当时间状语。
参考译文：在20世纪70年代的现代化浪潮中，悉尼摒弃了许多自己过去的东西，包括那些精美的建筑物。A
三、解题突破
根据倒数第三段第二句Shirley Fitzgerald所说 ... Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. 可知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为在奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼摒弃了许多自己过去的东西，包括那些精美的建筑物。A项losing its traditions丢失其传统与swept aside much of its past同义异构。
四、干扰选项
B. 它应该加速他的进展
C. 它扩充他的人口
D. 它变得越来越国际化
五、出题句翻译背诵
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare.
如今，在悉尼的每个地方，变化和进步都是口号(口号)，而传统越来越罕见。
5、（2022全国乙卷B）(正确答案：D ）
一、词汇重点
move in with sb 搬来和某人一起居住；
privacy n [派生词] 隐私
quilt n被子；
weep v [正式用语] 流泪，哭泣
a blanket of snow 厚厚的一层雪
二、句子结构分析
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.
分析：when引导时间状语从句
参考译文：她们搬进当地的哈里森家中居住，和他们一样几乎没有私人空间，很少洗澡，早晨醒来时她们的被子上覆盖了一层雪。
三、解题突破
根据第三段 … had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. 以及In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. 可知，两个女孩支教的地方生活条件异常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。所以选项D正确。
四、干扰选项
A.他们很受尊敬
B.他们有一个带浴缸的房间
C.他们和当地孩子住在一起
五、出题句翻译背诵
Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
某些早晨，Rosamond 和Dorothy到达校舍时会发现孩子们因受冻而哭泣，春天，（被子上的）雪被带一层冰的泥浆所取代。
6、（2022浙江卷C）
一、词汇重点
off-task非任务时间的
seemingly看似
mood情绪
be unrelated to与... 无关
level层次，水平
productivity生产力，生产率
二、句子结构分析
Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work
分析：that引导的定语从句，主句为Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things
参考译文：Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work
做一个好的思考者的一部分是经历一些似乎与你目前正在做的事情无关的事情，但却能给你关于工作的新想法的事情。
三、解题突破
根据最后一段中的... there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. 可 知，良好的情绪有利于提升生产力和创造力，由此推断愉快的心情有助于使人产生创造性的思维。C项中的cheerful和creative mind分别对应文中 的 positive 和 creativity。
四、干扰选项
A、 一个好的思考者能够激励他人。
B、 与工作无关的经验是无用的。
D、 专注于你的工作可以提高生产力。
五、出题句翻译背诵
There is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
大量研究表明良好的情绪有利于提升生产力和创造力，因此，当人们做一些提高生活满足感的事情时，他们叶让自己的工作更高效。