2023届高考英语一轮复习：构词法专题课件(34张ppt)

(共34张PPT)
Word-formation
(构词法)
英语主要有三种构词法:
1.派生(Derivation):
2.合成(Compounding):
3.转化(Conversion)
①派生(Derivation):
②合成(Compounding):
③转化(Conversion):
通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词: e.g. happy -- unhappy (加前缀)
-- happiness (加后缀)
由两个或更多的词合成一个词: e.g. wood(木) + cut(刻) ---- woodcut(木刻)
由一个词类转化为另一个词类: e.g.
water (n.)水 -- water (v.)浇水
Derivation
invisible disagreement dishonesty impossibility
non-conductor international illogical replacement
disappearance misunderstanding enlargement reconsideration
interaction unexpected unforgettable unsuccessful
Remember the prefix.
inter-
tele-
bio-
ex-
over-
trans-
en-
mis-
re-
sub-
under-
between
far
biology
former/out
too much
across/move
make
wrong
again
under
below
dis- non- il- in- im- un-
not
wrong
too much
again
former/out
under
between
below
not
far
biology make across /move
Match the prefix with its meaning.
dis- non- re- il- sub- under- in- im-
inter- tele- bio- ex- over- un- trans- en-
mis-
Study the meaning of the words:
international
television
invisible
impossible
illogical
irregular
disappear
nonsense
unforgettable
replace
misunderstand
enlarge
biochemistry
subway
ex-wife
underground
overwork
transport
This dictionary enables you to under-stand English words.
2. The fence was strengthened with wire.
3. He informed us the news indirectly.
hi-tech
showcases 展示
breakthrough
bioengineering
outstanding
enable
indirectly
strengthen
前 缀 例 词
a- 构成形容词﹑副词 asleep, abroad, alone
dis- disappear, disagree
en- enlarge, enable
in- (il-, im- ,ir) invisible, illegal
inter- international,
inter-school
mis- mistake, misunderstand
re- return, remarry
tele- telephone, telescope
un- ; non- unfit, non-payment
(否定)
(使可能)
(相互,之间)
(重复,再)
(远程)
(不)
(误)
(不,非)
后 缀 例 词
名 词 -er ….. 者 Runner, swimmer
-ese….地方的人 Chinese, Japanese
-ian 精通…的人, …地人 musician, Russian
-ist 专业人员 artist, pianist
-ment 性质,状态 government, movement
-ness 性质, 状态 business, happiness
-or ….者 visitor , professor
-ion/-tion 表示动作,过程,结果 pollution, suggestion
形容词:
- al; - an; -ern; -ful; -ble; -ish;
- ive; -y; -less
表示具有…的性质, 或与…有关
e.g. practical , American, southern ,
possible, active, native, rainy, careless
动词:
-fy (使…化) ; -ize (使…成为)
e.g. simplify(简化) , satisfy , realize , organize
副词:
-ly 表示方式,程度 : freely ,badly ,truly
-ward (s) 表示方向 : towards, forward,
outward
数词:
- teen 十 fourteen, eighteen
-ty整十位数 forty, fifty
-th序数词 fifth
Compounding
1）合成名词
①名词(代词) +名词 spaceship, she-wolf
②名词+动名词 machine-building (机械制造)
③名词+及物动词+er(or) pain-killer (止痛药)
④形容词+名词 highway
⑤及物动词+名词 breakfast
⑥动词+副词 turn-off
⑵ 合成形容词
①形容词(数词)+名词+ ed cold-blooded
②名词+名词 +ed potato-shaped
③名词(代词)+分词 hand-made, self-educated
④名词(代词)+形容词 color-blind
⑤形容词(数词)+名词/分词 left-hand,
good-looking
⑥副词+分词/形容词hard-working, ever-green tree⑦动词+副词 see-through
⑧ 介词+名词 downhill
(3) 合成动词
①副词+动词
ill-treat 虐待
②名词(代词)+动词
mass-produce 大规模生产
③形容词+动词
safe-guard 保卫
⑷.合成副词
①副词+副词 however
②代词+副词 anywhere
③ 副词+名词 downstairs
④形容词+名词 anyway (无论如何)
⑸.合成代词
some, any, no, 可以与 -thing, -one,
-body 合成代词.
如: anybody, something, nowhere
Conversion
转化: 是由一词类转化为另一词类
⑴动词转化为名词
E.g. We paid a visit to the park yesterday.
注意: 英语中常用 give, take, have, make 等词构成这一类词组,表示一个动作. 如:
give a shout, give a kick, give a talk…
take a seat, take a bath; take a rest…
have a swim, have a smoke, have a rest…
make a bet, make a decision, make a promise…
(2) 名词转化为动词
e.g. The hall can seat two thousand people.
They have booked their plane ticket.
(3) 形容词转化为动词
e.g. The car slowed down to half its speed.
The room gradually quieted down.
(4) 形容词转化为副词
e.g. How long is the line (adj)
How long have you lived in China (adv)
(5) 形容词转化为名词
e.g. There is something wrong with the car.
He didn’t know the difference between
right and wrong . (n.)
Exercise 2
-ion
construction connection
attraction action
collection direction
expression invention
production protection
suggestion impression
celebration communication
education graduation
pollution contribution
-ation
admiration
combination
examination
transportation
exploration
imagination
Exercise 3
invisible non-conductor
disappearance interaction
misunderstanding unexpected
dishonesty illogical
enlargement unforgettable
impossibility replacement
reconsideration unsuccessful
Exercise 4
showcase = show + case
breakthrough = break + through
bioengineering = bio + engineering
outstanding = out + standing
enable = en + able
restore = re + store
indirectly = indirect + ly
strengthen = strength + en
That man was ________enough not to
tell the manager that he would not do
the job.
A. care　 　 B. careful　　
C. careless　　 D. carelessness
2.The soldier died for saving the child, so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai.
A. die B. dead C. died D. death
Extra exercises:
3. He is an expert at chemistry. We all
call him a ________.
A. chemistry B. chemical
C. chemist D. physician
4. The three- ________chair isn't suitable
for a young child. He may fall off.
A. legging B. legged
C. legs D. leged
5. Stephenson became the ________
railway engineer in the world.
A. lead B. leader
C. leading D. leadership
6. To everyone's ________, the girl
finished the job quite well.
A. satisfied B. satisfactory (adj)
C. satisfying D. satisfaction
7. －What are you doing here
－Oh, my teacher asked me to write a
passage about ________ in English.
－You can write ________ passage in
English
A. 600 words; 600-words　
B. 600-word; a 600-words
C. 600 words; a 600-word　
D. 600 words; a 600-words
8.No one should enter the spot without
the ________ of the police.
A. permit B. permission
C. permitting D. permittence
9.The necklace that she lost is very
expensive. It's of great ________.
A. valuable B. value
C. valueless D. unvaluable
10.You must come with us to the police
_____. Our head is waiting for you.
A. headquarters B. headline
C. headmaster D. headache
11.Letting that animal escape was no
accident; you did it _____.
A. intend B. intention
C. intentionally 　 D. intentional
12.The________ordered him to pay a
$100 fine.
A. judger B. judgment
C. judge D. judgment
13.My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the ________news about Iraq War
A. lately B. latest
C. later D. latter. 后面的
14. Canada is mainly an ____country.
A. English-speaking B. speak-English
C. spoken-English D. English-spoken
15. How ____ he is! He is always acting
____.He is really a ____.
A. foolish; foolishly; fool
B. fool; foolish; fool
C. foolish; fool; fool
D. foolishly; foolish; fool