2023届高考英语一轮复习：构词法课件(22张ppt)
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语一轮复习：构词法课件(22张ppt) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-10-23 19:19:52 | ||
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文档简介
(共22张PPT)
构词法
1.disclose one’s secret
2. Microblog
3. It's all floating cloud.
4.envious, jealous and hateful
.
猜猜看——最时髦的网络流行语
神马都是浮云
微博
吐槽
1.派生法：词根+前缀或后缀，得出一个新的单词
羡慕嫉妒恨
5.time-travel TV drama
6.group purchasing
7. daddy-is-the-key
8. leftover ladies
穿越剧
团购
拼爹
剩女
9.被雷倒(到)了 in shock /shock sb
10.淡定 keep calm /calm down
2.合成法：即由两个或多个单词合成一个单词。
3.转换法：同一单词具有多种词性，即词性活用。
构词法的分类
构词法：
合成(Compounding)
派生法（Derivation）
【前缀/后缀】
转化法（Conversion）
【词性转换】
{
二、派生词
(一)名词后缀
1．动词＋ ion/ tion/ sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)
correct v. 纠正 __________n. 改正
celebrate v. 庆祝 ___________n. 庆祝；庆祝会
conclude v. 完成 ___________n. 结论；结束
2．动词＋ er/ or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)
drive v. 驾驶；驱赶 ________ n. 司机；驾驶员
gather v. 聚集；采集 _________n. 收集者；采集者
conduct v. 指挥；管理 __________n. 指挥；售票员
3．动词＋ ment→名词
punish v. 惩罚 ___________ n. 惩罚
correction
celebration
conclusion
driver
gatherer
conductor
punishment
4．动词/形容词＋ th→名词
warm adj. _________n. grow v. __________n.
5．形容词＋ y→名词
difficult adj. _________n. honest adj. _________n.
6．形容词＋ ness→名词
kind adj. ___________ n.
7．动词＋ ance→名词
annoy vt. _____________ n.
8． ship结尾的名词(表示身份；关系；资格)
member n. 成员；会员 _____________n. 会员资格
professor n. 教授 _______________n. 教授身份
9． ing结尾的名词
garden n. 花园 ____________ n. 园艺
warmth
growth
difficulty
honesty
kindness
annoyance
membership
professorship
gardening
(二)形容词、副词后缀
1．常见形容词后缀
(1)名词＋ al→形容词(表示“有…属性”，“与…有关”)
agriculture n. 农业
agricultural adj.农业的
(2)动词＋ ive→形容词
decide v. 决定；下决心
decisive adj. 决定性的；关键的
(3)动词＋ able→形容词(表示“能够”，“适于”，“值得”)
change v. 变化；兑换
changeable adj. 易变的；变化无常的
(4)名词＋ ful→形容词
care n. 小心；关心
careful adj. 小心的；仔细的
(5)名词＋ 1ess→形容词(意思与原名词相反)
care n. 小心；关心
careless adj. 粗心的
(6)名词＋ 1y→形容词
friend n. 朋友
friendly adj. 友好的
(7)名词＋ y→形容词
dirt n. 污物；脏物
dirty adj. 脏的
(8)名词＋ ous→形容词
danger n. 危险
dangerous adj. 危险的
2．副词后缀
形容词＋ ly→副词
(1)careful adj. 仔细的 __________ adv. 仔细地
(2)true adj. ________adv.
(3)happy adj.___________adv.
(4)possible adj.___________adv.
(5)basic adj._____________adv.
规则：一般情况加ly, 元e去e加ly, 辅y改i加ly,
le结尾e改y, ic结尾加ally.
3．复合形容词的构成
(1)形容词＋ ing分词 easy going 随和的
(2)形容词＋名词＋ ed kind hearted 善良的；好心的
(3)名词＋ ed分词 water covered 被水覆盖的
(4)副词＋ ed分词 well written 写得好的
(5)数词＋名词＋ ed three legged 三条腿的
carefully
truly
happily
possibly
basically
(三)动词词缀
1．前缀 en＋形容词→动词
enrich v. 丰富 enlarge v. 变大；增大；扩大
2．形容词＋ en→动词
enlighten v. 说明；阐明 shorten v. 缩短
widen v. 加宽
3． fy结尾的动词
simplify v. 简化 classify v. 归类
4． ize结尾的动词
realize v. 认识到 popularize v. 普及
(四)否定词缀
1．表示否定意义的前缀
unable 不能够 unlucky 不幸的
dishonest 不诚实的
discontinuous 不连贯的
inactive 不活跃的
incorrect 不正确的
impatient 不耐烦的
impossible 不可能的
irregular 不规则的
irresponsible 不负责任的
illogical 不合逻辑的
illegal 非法的
un 不，非
dis 不，非
in 不，非
im 不，非
(以p开头的词）
ir 不，非
(以r开头的词）
i1 不，非
(以l开头的词）
non 不，非 non existent 不存在的
non stop 直达的；连续不断的
mis 错误 mislead 误导
misunderstand 误解
dis ＋动词(意义相反) dislike 不喜欢
disagree 不同意
un ＋动词(意义相反) uncover 揭开
undress 脱衣服
2．表示否定意义的后缀
名词＋ less→否定意义的形容词
use n. 用处 useless adj. 无用的
hope n. 希望 hopeless adj. 没有希望的；绝望的
home n. 家 homeless adj.无家可归的
Summary
一、构词法的分类:派生词 转换法 合成法
二、派生词
(一)名词后缀
1．动词＋ ion/ tion/ sion
2．动词＋ er/ or
3．动词＋ ment
4．动词/形容词＋ th
5．形容词＋ y
6．形容词＋ ness
7．动词＋ ance
8． ship结尾
9． ing结尾
(二)形容词后缀
(1)名词＋ al
(2)动词＋ ive
(3)动词＋ able
(4)名词＋ ful
(5)名词＋ 1ess
(6)名词＋ 1y
(7)名词＋ y
(8)名词＋ ous
副词后缀
形容词＋ ly→副词
(三)动词词缀
(四)否定词缀
en， fy， ize
un-，dis-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, non-,mis-, -less
构词法与高考
一.阅读
1.To construct a working still（蒸馏器）, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then ...(2017全国I卷)
33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. The tube. B. The still.C. The hole. D. The cup.
2.I work with volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
(2017全国I卷阅读B篇)
1.运用构词法巧解猜词题
2.根据构词法猜词义，理解文章。
高考阅读题中，利用构词法构成的新词不算是生词哦。
1. It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(960-1279) was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly.
short-tempered 急脾气的
2. He is said to be “undersized,” with “short legs” and a “round stomach”.
undersized个子小的
即时练习1
二.语篇填空
1.给出名词，变名词复数或改为形容词。
(1)...for most of us the 69 _______ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70 ________(patience)
(2014全国I卷)
(2)....are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 _________ (painting). （2015全国I卷）20
(3)The nursery team switches him every few 69 ______(day) with his sister ...（2016全国I卷）
(4)This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62_____ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease（2017全国I卷）
changes
patient
paintings
days
effects
2.给出动词，变为名词或形容词。
(1)While there are 68 ________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, ...(2014全国I卷)
(2)But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 __________ (attract).（2016全国I卷）
(3)However, be 69_______ (care) not to go to extremes.（2017全国I卷）
amazing
attraction
careful
3.给出形容词，变为副词或用比较级。
(1)The river was so polluted that it 62 ________ (actual) caught fire and burned. ...Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 ________(clean) than ever. (2014全国I卷)
(2)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69 ________ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people (2015全国I卷)
(3)The title will be 63 __________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. (2016全国I卷)
(4)Even 66________bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. (2017全国I卷)
actually
cleaner
regularly
officially
worse
用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. You must do the exercises ____________ (care).
2. A business can’t run well without good ___________ (manage).
3. He was so ____________ (kindness) that he gave me many storybooks.
management
kind
carefully
即时练习2
三短文改错
1.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.
(2014全国I卷)
2.Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. (2015全国I卷)
3.At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely
(2016全国I卷)
4.In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday,I took driving lessons....It was a relief and Icame to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.(2017全国I卷)
helpful
serious
free
eighteenth
sudden
常考把副词改为形容词
1.I think you'd better have a briefly study about the history of China.
2.Before getting into the car,I thought Ihad learned the instructor orders.
3.And I'd be real thankful.
即时练习3
brief
instructor's
really
常考点：
1.形容词
2.副词
3.名词
（1）修饰名词
（2）用在系动词之后
（3）部分动词/with+宾语+宾补
（4）注意级别
（1）修饰动词
（2）修饰形容词
（3）修饰副词
（4）修饰句子
（5）注意级别
（1）作主语
（2）作宾语
（3）注意可数不可数，单复数
（4）注意所有格
Thank you!
构词法
1.disclose one’s secret
2. Microblog
3. It's all floating cloud.
4.envious, jealous and hateful
.
猜猜看——最时髦的网络流行语
神马都是浮云
微博
吐槽
1.派生法：词根+前缀或后缀，得出一个新的单词
羡慕嫉妒恨
5.time-travel TV drama
6.group purchasing
7. daddy-is-the-key
8. leftover ladies
穿越剧
团购
拼爹
剩女
9.被雷倒(到)了 in shock /shock sb
10.淡定 keep calm /calm down
2.合成法：即由两个或多个单词合成一个单词。
3.转换法：同一单词具有多种词性，即词性活用。
构词法的分类
构词法：
合成(Compounding)
派生法（Derivation）
【前缀/后缀】
转化法（Conversion）
【词性转换】
{
二、派生词
(一)名词后缀
1．动词＋ ion/ tion/ sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)
correct v. 纠正 __________n. 改正
celebrate v. 庆祝 ___________n. 庆祝；庆祝会
conclude v. 完成 ___________n. 结论；结束
2．动词＋ er/ or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)
drive v. 驾驶；驱赶 ________ n. 司机；驾驶员
gather v. 聚集；采集 _________n. 收集者；采集者
conduct v. 指挥；管理 __________n. 指挥；售票员
3．动词＋ ment→名词
punish v. 惩罚 ___________ n. 惩罚
correction
celebration
conclusion
driver
gatherer
conductor
punishment
4．动词/形容词＋ th→名词
warm adj. _________n. grow v. __________n.
5．形容词＋ y→名词
difficult adj. _________n. honest adj. _________n.
6．形容词＋ ness→名词
kind adj. ___________ n.
7．动词＋ ance→名词
annoy vt. _____________ n.
8． ship结尾的名词(表示身份；关系；资格)
member n. 成员；会员 _____________n. 会员资格
professor n. 教授 _______________n. 教授身份
9． ing结尾的名词
garden n. 花园 ____________ n. 园艺
warmth
growth
difficulty
honesty
kindness
annoyance
membership
professorship
gardening
(二)形容词、副词后缀
1．常见形容词后缀
(1)名词＋ al→形容词(表示“有…属性”，“与…有关”)
agriculture n. 农业
agricultural adj.农业的
(2)动词＋ ive→形容词
decide v. 决定；下决心
decisive adj. 决定性的；关键的
(3)动词＋ able→形容词(表示“能够”，“适于”，“值得”)
change v. 变化；兑换
changeable adj. 易变的；变化无常的
(4)名词＋ ful→形容词
care n. 小心；关心
careful adj. 小心的；仔细的
(5)名词＋ 1ess→形容词(意思与原名词相反)
care n. 小心；关心
careless adj. 粗心的
(6)名词＋ 1y→形容词
friend n. 朋友
friendly adj. 友好的
(7)名词＋ y→形容词
dirt n. 污物；脏物
dirty adj. 脏的
(8)名词＋ ous→形容词
danger n. 危险
dangerous adj. 危险的
2．副词后缀
形容词＋ ly→副词
(1)careful adj. 仔细的 __________ adv. 仔细地
(2)true adj. ________adv.
(3)happy adj.___________adv.
(4)possible adj.___________adv.
(5)basic adj._____________adv.
规则：一般情况加ly, 元e去e加ly, 辅y改i加ly,
le结尾e改y, ic结尾加ally.
3．复合形容词的构成
(1)形容词＋ ing分词 easy going 随和的
(2)形容词＋名词＋ ed kind hearted 善良的；好心的
(3)名词＋ ed分词 water covered 被水覆盖的
(4)副词＋ ed分词 well written 写得好的
(5)数词＋名词＋ ed three legged 三条腿的
carefully
truly
happily
possibly
basically
(三)动词词缀
1．前缀 en＋形容词→动词
enrich v. 丰富 enlarge v. 变大；增大；扩大
2．形容词＋ en→动词
enlighten v. 说明；阐明 shorten v. 缩短
widen v. 加宽
3． fy结尾的动词
simplify v. 简化 classify v. 归类
4． ize结尾的动词
realize v. 认识到 popularize v. 普及
(四)否定词缀
1．表示否定意义的前缀
unable 不能够 unlucky 不幸的
dishonest 不诚实的
discontinuous 不连贯的
inactive 不活跃的
incorrect 不正确的
impatient 不耐烦的
impossible 不可能的
irregular 不规则的
irresponsible 不负责任的
illogical 不合逻辑的
illegal 非法的
un 不，非
dis 不，非
in 不，非
im 不，非
(以p开头的词）
ir 不，非
(以r开头的词）
i1 不，非
(以l开头的词）
non 不，非 non existent 不存在的
non stop 直达的；连续不断的
mis 错误 mislead 误导
misunderstand 误解
dis ＋动词(意义相反) dislike 不喜欢
disagree 不同意
un ＋动词(意义相反) uncover 揭开
undress 脱衣服
2．表示否定意义的后缀
名词＋ less→否定意义的形容词
use n. 用处 useless adj. 无用的
hope n. 希望 hopeless adj. 没有希望的；绝望的
home n. 家 homeless adj.无家可归的
Summary
一、构词法的分类:派生词 转换法 合成法
二、派生词
(一)名词后缀
1．动词＋ ion/ tion/ sion
2．动词＋ er/ or
3．动词＋ ment
4．动词/形容词＋ th
5．形容词＋ y
6．形容词＋ ness
7．动词＋ ance
8． ship结尾
9． ing结尾
(二)形容词后缀
(1)名词＋ al
(2)动词＋ ive
(3)动词＋ able
(4)名词＋ ful
(5)名词＋ 1ess
(6)名词＋ 1y
(7)名词＋ y
(8)名词＋ ous
副词后缀
形容词＋ ly→副词
(三)动词词缀
(四)否定词缀
en， fy， ize
un-，dis-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, non-,mis-, -less
构词法与高考
一.阅读
1.To construct a working still（蒸馏器）, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then ...(2017全国I卷)
33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. The tube. B. The still.C. The hole. D. The cup.
2.I work with volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
(2017全国I卷阅读B篇)
1.运用构词法巧解猜词题
2.根据构词法猜词义，理解文章。
高考阅读题中，利用构词法构成的新词不算是生词哦。
1. It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(960-1279) was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly.
short-tempered 急脾气的
2. He is said to be “undersized,” with “short legs” and a “round stomach”.
undersized个子小的
即时练习1
二.语篇填空
1.给出名词，变名词复数或改为形容词。
(1)...for most of us the 69 _______ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70 ________(patience)
(2014全国I卷)
(2)....are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 _________ (painting). （2015全国I卷）20
(3)The nursery team switches him every few 69 ______(day) with his sister ...（2016全国I卷）
(4)This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62_____ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease（2017全国I卷）
changes
patient
paintings
days
effects
2.给出动词，变为名词或形容词。
(1)While there are 68 ________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, ...(2014全国I卷)
(2)But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 __________ (attract).（2016全国I卷）
(3)However, be 69_______ (care) not to go to extremes.（2017全国I卷）
amazing
attraction
careful
3.给出形容词，变为副词或用比较级。
(1)The river was so polluted that it 62 ________ (actual) caught fire and burned. ...Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 ________(clean) than ever. (2014全国I卷)
(2)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69 ________ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people (2015全国I卷)
(3)The title will be 63 __________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. (2016全国I卷)
(4)Even 66________bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. (2017全国I卷)
actually
cleaner
regularly
officially
worse
用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. You must do the exercises ____________ (care).
2. A business can’t run well without good ___________ (manage).
3. He was so ____________ (kindness) that he gave me many storybooks.
management
kind
carefully
即时练习2
三短文改错
1.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.
(2014全国I卷)
2.Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. (2015全国I卷)
3.At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely
(2016全国I卷)
4.In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday,I took driving lessons....It was a relief and Icame to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.(2017全国I卷)
helpful
serious
free
eighteenth
sudden
常考把副词改为形容词
1.I think you'd better have a briefly study about the history of China.
2.Before getting into the car,I thought Ihad learned the instructor orders.
3.And I'd be real thankful.
即时练习3
brief
instructor's
really
常考点：
1.形容词
2.副词
3.名词
（1）修饰名词
（2）用在系动词之后
（3）部分动词/with+宾语+宾补
（4）注意级别
（1）修饰动词
（2）修饰形容词
（3）修饰副词
（4）修饰句子
（5）注意级别
（1）作主语
（2）作宾语
（3）注意可数不可数，单复数
（4）注意所有格
Thank you!