2022届高考英语一轮复习构词法之常见后缀课件(38张ppt)
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语一轮复习构词法之常见后缀课件(38张ppt) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-10-23 19:25:31 | ||
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(共38张PPT)
构词法：后缀
Outline
Suffixes
Noun Suffixes
Adjective Suffixes
Verb Suffixes
Adverbs Suffixes
后缀的拓展形式
派生词的构成类型
Cooperative competition. Competitive cooperation. Confused Airline alliances have travelers scratching their heads over what' s going on in the skies.
Some folks view alliances as a blessing to travelers, offering seamless travel, reduced fares and enhanced frequent-flyer benefits.
Others see a conspiracy of big business, causing decreased competition, increased fares and fewer choices.
Whatever your opinion, there's no escaping airline alliances: the marketing hype is unrelenting, with each of the two mega-groupings.
Noun Suffixes
De-nominal Noun Suffixes
De-verbal Noun Suffixes
De-adjective Noun Suffixes
Noun and Adjective Suffixes
De-nominal Noun Suffixes (1)
ster
Involved in
De-nominal Noun Suffixes(2)
eer
Skilled in；engaged in
De-nominal Noun Suffixes (3)
ful
De-verbal Noun Suffixes (1)
ant
Occupation and participation;
De-verbal Noun Suffixes (2)
ing
De-adjective Noun Suffixes (1)
ness
De-adjective Noun Suffixes (2)
ity
Noun and Adjective Suffixes
Some suffixes, when added to morphmes related to human beings or nationality names, yield words that can be used both as nouns and adjectives.
-ese: Chinese; Lebanese; officialese
-an, -ian: Australian, Cambodian
-ist: racist, socialist
-ite: Chomskyite, Thatcherite
后缀汇总
1、表示人和动作者的名词后缀； 后缀 举例
-ain captain船长/villain 坏人,恶棍
-aire millionaire 百万富翁/billionaire 亿万富翁
-an/-ese German 德国人/Chinese 中国人
(用以表示种族或籍贯 )
-ant/-ent applicant 申请人/component 组成要素
-ary secretary 秘书,书记
-ee employee 雇员/nominee 被提名者
(表示动作的承受者或受影响者 )
-eer engineer 工程师/pioneer 拓荒者,先锋
(表示从事···的人)
一、名词后缀
后缀 举例
-er container 容器/worker
-or dictator 独裁者/visitor
-ar burglar 窃盗
-ier premier 首相,总理
-ess actress 女演员/empress 女皇帝/hostess 女主人
(表示女性)
-ician electrician 电气技师/musician 音乐家
(表示“精通之人,能手”的意思多加於以 -ic 或 -y 结尾的名词上)
-ist typist 打字员/scientist
-man/ -sman chairman 主席/statesman 政治家
-on champion 冠军,斗士/companion 同伴
-ster minister 大臣,牧师/gangster 强盗集团分子
-ive native 土著,本地人/captive 俘虏
表示抽象名词后缀； 后缀 举例
-ace grimace 痛苦表情/solace 安慰,慰藉
-ade decade 十年/blockade 封锁
-age shrinkage 缩小,减少/passage 通过,通道
(表示结果或总称)
-al proposal 提议,求婚/approval同意
-ance/-ancy forbearance 节制/constancy 不变
(表示性质或动作)
-ence/-ency resilience 弹性/tendency 倾向
(表示性质或动作)
-cy intimacy 亲近,交情/advocacy 提倡,鼓吹
(多加於以-ate或-t结尾的名词,动词,形容词上)
-dom freedom 自由/wisdom 智慧
-hood childhood 幼年时期/likelihood 希望,可能
(表示年纪,状况,亲属关系)
后缀 举例
-ic/ics logic 逻辑/magic 魔术,魔力/physics 物理学
(表示学术,技术)
-ice/ise caprice 善变/treatise 论述,论文
-ing ageing 上年纪/clothing 衣服
(表示总称或具体意义)
-ion opinion 意见/assertion 主张,断言
(以-sion/-tion/-ation三种形态最为常见)
-ism criticism 批评/exoticism异国情趣/communism共产主义(表示制度,主义,行为,状态)
-itude aptitude 适当性,倾向/fortitude 不屈不挠
-ity brevity 简短/curiosity 好奇心
-ment instrument 仪器/fulfillment 实践,达成
-mony harmony和谐/ceremony仪式/testimony证言,宣誓
-ness friendliness 友好/adhesiveness 黏性
-ry bravery 英勇/treasury 宝藏,国库
-o(u)r behavio(u)r 行为/endeavo(u)r 努力,尽力
后缀 举例
-ary dictionary 字典/vocabulary 字汇(表示集合体 )
-ary/-ory dispensary 药局/factory 工厂(表示处所)
-ful handful 一把,少数/monthful 一口,少量
(表示流满”,一..之量的意思 )
-mer polymer 聚合体/dimer 二量体(表示部分的意义)
-ology biology 生物学/ecology 生态学 (表示学科)
Adjective Suffixes
De-nominal Adjective Suffixes
De-verbal Adjective Suffixes
De-nominal Adjective Suffixes
like
De-nominal Adjective Suffixes (2)
less
De-nominal Adjective Suffixes (3)
y
De-verbal Adjective Suffixes (1)
De-verbal Adjective Suffixes (1)
able (ible)
De-verbal Adjective Suffixes (2)
ful
二、形容词后缀
-able/-ible comparable 比得上的/explicable 可解释的/audible 可听见的(表示能···的意思)
-al equal 平等的/partial 部分
-ant/-ent radiant 发光的/diligent 用心的
-ar familiar 熟悉的/spectacular 壮观的
-ate ornate 装饰华丽的/cognate 同族的
-ary/-ory arbitrary 独断的/compulsory 强制的
后缀 举例
-ed aged 年老的/sophisticated 复杂的
-en golden 金制,金色的/earthen 土,土制的
-ern eastern 东方的/northern 北方的(表方位)
-ful regretful 惋惜的/fruitful 有利的(表充满的)
-ic/ical electric电子的/economical节约的/symbolical象征性的
-ile facile 容易的/hostile 敌视的(表易于的意思)
-ine divine 神圣,庄严的/genuine 真正的
-ing pressing 紧迫,切实的/agonizing 烦恼,苦闷的
-ior interior 内部的/superior 上好的
-ique unique 独特的/antique 古代的(表风格的)
-ish selfish 自私的/childish 孩子气的
-ive massive 巨大,厚重的/deductive 推论,演绎的
-less aimless 漫无目的的/groundless 无根据的
-ite infinite 无限的/opposite 相对的 favorite最喜爱的
后缀 举例
-like childlike 孩子似的/womanlike 女人似的
-ly earthly 地球的/leisurely 从容的
-most foremost 第一流的/utmost 最大限度的
-ous advantageous 有益的/vigorous 精力充沛的
-proof waterproof 防水的/foolproof 万无一失的(防···的)
-some wearisome 使疲倦的/handsome帅的 troublesome
-ward backward 向后,落后的/awkward 笨拙的
-y foggy 朦胧的/icy 如冰,极冷的
Verb Suffixes (1)
-ify
make, endow with
Verb Suffixes (2)
ize
involving or related to
Verb Suffixes (3)
ate
Give or make or become
三、动词后缀
-ate accumulate 累积,聚积/alternate 交互,交替
-ute attribute 归因/persecute 迫害,困扰
-en lengthen 加长,延长/worsen 变化,恶化
-esce evanesce 消散/convalesce渐渐康复(动作开始)
-ify/efy nullify 使无效,取消/liquefy 溶解,液化
-er flutter 飘动,飘飞/glitter 闪烁(表示反复动作)
-ish cherish 珍爱/diminish 减少,缩小
-ize/ -ise atronize赞助,惠顾/summarize摘要,概述/analyze分析
-le startle 吃惊,惊吓/trickle 细流/dazzle 使眩眼
Adverb Suffixes (1)
ly
Adverb Suffixes (1)
Adverb Suffixes (2)
ward (s)
四、副词后缀
-fold hundredfold 百倍地/trousandfold千倍地(表倍数)
-ly roughly 约略地/absolutely 绝对
-ward/-wards southward 向南地/inward 向内地/afterwards其后
(表示方向)
-way/-ways anyway 无论如何/ sideways 斜地里/endways 笔直地 (表示方向或位置)
-wise otherwise 不然的话/crosswise 交叉地
-ous: dangerous, poisonous
-eous: righteous, gaseous
-ious: laborious, contradictious
-aceous: herbaceous, rosaceous
-acious: rapacious, sagacious
-aneous: contemporaneous, simultaneous
-itious: suppositious, cementitious
-uous: contemptuous, sensuous
-ulous: globulous, acidulous
-ous型后缀及其扩展形式
-ic: atomic, periodic
-tic: Asiatic, dramatic
-fic (-ific): pacific, honorific
-atic: systematic, idiomatic
-etic: sympathetic, energetic
-istic: coloristic, humoristic
-ic型后缀及其扩展形式
Word Formation of Derivatives
prefix + root
pro + pel
root + suffix
port + -able
prefix + root + suffix
im + mort + al
prefix + prefix + root
re + ex+ port
root + suffix + suffix
cord + -ial + -ly
prefix + root + root
tri- + gon(o) + metry
prefix + prefix + root + suffix + suffix
un + pre- + ced +-ent +-ed
Exercise
Hospital
President
Orient
Advise
Report
Advertise
Insect
Immediate
Conspire
Conference
Intervention
Salary
Minister
构词法：后缀
Outline
Suffixes
Noun Suffixes
Adjective Suffixes
Verb Suffixes
Adverbs Suffixes
后缀的拓展形式
派生词的构成类型
Cooperative competition. Competitive cooperation. Confused Airline alliances have travelers scratching their heads over what' s going on in the skies.
Some folks view alliances as a blessing to travelers, offering seamless travel, reduced fares and enhanced frequent-flyer benefits.
Others see a conspiracy of big business, causing decreased competition, increased fares and fewer choices.
Whatever your opinion, there's no escaping airline alliances: the marketing hype is unrelenting, with each of the two mega-groupings.
Noun Suffixes
De-nominal Noun Suffixes
De-verbal Noun Suffixes
De-adjective Noun Suffixes
Noun and Adjective Suffixes
De-nominal Noun Suffixes (1)
ster
Involved in
De-nominal Noun Suffixes(2)
eer
Skilled in；engaged in
De-nominal Noun Suffixes (3)
ful
De-verbal Noun Suffixes (1)
ant
Occupation and participation;
De-verbal Noun Suffixes (2)
ing
De-adjective Noun Suffixes (1)
ness
De-adjective Noun Suffixes (2)
ity
Noun and Adjective Suffixes
Some suffixes, when added to morphmes related to human beings or nationality names, yield words that can be used both as nouns and adjectives.
-ese: Chinese; Lebanese; officialese
-an, -ian: Australian, Cambodian
-ist: racist, socialist
-ite: Chomskyite, Thatcherite
后缀汇总
1、表示人和动作者的名词后缀； 后缀 举例
-ain captain船长/villain 坏人,恶棍
-aire millionaire 百万富翁/billionaire 亿万富翁
-an/-ese German 德国人/Chinese 中国人
(用以表示种族或籍贯 )
-ant/-ent applicant 申请人/component 组成要素
-ary secretary 秘书,书记
-ee employee 雇员/nominee 被提名者
(表示动作的承受者或受影响者 )
-eer engineer 工程师/pioneer 拓荒者,先锋
(表示从事···的人)
一、名词后缀
后缀 举例
-er container 容器/worker
-or dictator 独裁者/visitor
-ar burglar 窃盗
-ier premier 首相,总理
-ess actress 女演员/empress 女皇帝/hostess 女主人
(表示女性)
-ician electrician 电气技师/musician 音乐家
(表示“精通之人,能手”的意思多加於以 -ic 或 -y 结尾的名词上)
-ist typist 打字员/scientist
-man/ -sman chairman 主席/statesman 政治家
-on champion 冠军,斗士/companion 同伴
-ster minister 大臣,牧师/gangster 强盗集团分子
-ive native 土著,本地人/captive 俘虏
表示抽象名词后缀； 后缀 举例
-ace grimace 痛苦表情/solace 安慰,慰藉
-ade decade 十年/blockade 封锁
-age shrinkage 缩小,减少/passage 通过,通道
(表示结果或总称)
-al proposal 提议,求婚/approval同意
-ance/-ancy forbearance 节制/constancy 不变
(表示性质或动作)
-ence/-ency resilience 弹性/tendency 倾向
(表示性质或动作)
-cy intimacy 亲近,交情/advocacy 提倡,鼓吹
(多加於以-ate或-t结尾的名词,动词,形容词上)
-dom freedom 自由/wisdom 智慧
-hood childhood 幼年时期/likelihood 希望,可能
(表示年纪,状况,亲属关系)
后缀 举例
-ic/ics logic 逻辑/magic 魔术,魔力/physics 物理学
(表示学术,技术)
-ice/ise caprice 善变/treatise 论述,论文
-ing ageing 上年纪/clothing 衣服
(表示总称或具体意义)
-ion opinion 意见/assertion 主张,断言
(以-sion/-tion/-ation三种形态最为常见)
-ism criticism 批评/exoticism异国情趣/communism共产主义(表示制度,主义,行为,状态)
-itude aptitude 适当性,倾向/fortitude 不屈不挠
-ity brevity 简短/curiosity 好奇心
-ment instrument 仪器/fulfillment 实践,达成
-mony harmony和谐/ceremony仪式/testimony证言,宣誓
-ness friendliness 友好/adhesiveness 黏性
-ry bravery 英勇/treasury 宝藏,国库
-o(u)r behavio(u)r 行为/endeavo(u)r 努力,尽力
后缀 举例
-ary dictionary 字典/vocabulary 字汇(表示集合体 )
-ary/-ory dispensary 药局/factory 工厂(表示处所)
-ful handful 一把,少数/monthful 一口,少量
(表示流满”,一..之量的意思 )
-mer polymer 聚合体/dimer 二量体(表示部分的意义)
-ology biology 生物学/ecology 生态学 (表示学科)
Adjective Suffixes
De-nominal Adjective Suffixes
De-verbal Adjective Suffixes
De-nominal Adjective Suffixes
like
De-nominal Adjective Suffixes (2)
less
De-nominal Adjective Suffixes (3)
y
De-verbal Adjective Suffixes (1)
De-verbal Adjective Suffixes (1)
able (ible)
De-verbal Adjective Suffixes (2)
ful
二、形容词后缀
-able/-ible comparable 比得上的/explicable 可解释的/audible 可听见的(表示能···的意思)
-al equal 平等的/partial 部分
-ant/-ent radiant 发光的/diligent 用心的
-ar familiar 熟悉的/spectacular 壮观的
-ate ornate 装饰华丽的/cognate 同族的
-ary/-ory arbitrary 独断的/compulsory 强制的
后缀 举例
-ed aged 年老的/sophisticated 复杂的
-en golden 金制,金色的/earthen 土,土制的
-ern eastern 东方的/northern 北方的(表方位)
-ful regretful 惋惜的/fruitful 有利的(表充满的)
-ic/ical electric电子的/economical节约的/symbolical象征性的
-ile facile 容易的/hostile 敌视的(表易于的意思)
-ine divine 神圣,庄严的/genuine 真正的
-ing pressing 紧迫,切实的/agonizing 烦恼,苦闷的
-ior interior 内部的/superior 上好的
-ique unique 独特的/antique 古代的(表风格的)
-ish selfish 自私的/childish 孩子气的
-ive massive 巨大,厚重的/deductive 推论,演绎的
-less aimless 漫无目的的/groundless 无根据的
-ite infinite 无限的/opposite 相对的 favorite最喜爱的
后缀 举例
-like childlike 孩子似的/womanlike 女人似的
-ly earthly 地球的/leisurely 从容的
-most foremost 第一流的/utmost 最大限度的
-ous advantageous 有益的/vigorous 精力充沛的
-proof waterproof 防水的/foolproof 万无一失的(防···的)
-some wearisome 使疲倦的/handsome帅的 troublesome
-ward backward 向后,落后的/awkward 笨拙的
-y foggy 朦胧的/icy 如冰,极冷的
Verb Suffixes (1)
-ify
make, endow with
Verb Suffixes (2)
ize
involving or related to
Verb Suffixes (3)
ate
Give or make or become
三、动词后缀
-ate accumulate 累积,聚积/alternate 交互,交替
-ute attribute 归因/persecute 迫害,困扰
-en lengthen 加长,延长/worsen 变化,恶化
-esce evanesce 消散/convalesce渐渐康复(动作开始)
-ify/efy nullify 使无效,取消/liquefy 溶解,液化
-er flutter 飘动,飘飞/glitter 闪烁(表示反复动作)
-ish cherish 珍爱/diminish 减少,缩小
-ize/ -ise atronize赞助,惠顾/summarize摘要,概述/analyze分析
-le startle 吃惊,惊吓/trickle 细流/dazzle 使眩眼
Adverb Suffixes (1)
ly
Adverb Suffixes (1)
Adverb Suffixes (2)
ward (s)
四、副词后缀
-fold hundredfold 百倍地/trousandfold千倍地(表倍数)
-ly roughly 约略地/absolutely 绝对
-ward/-wards southward 向南地/inward 向内地/afterwards其后
(表示方向)
-way/-ways anyway 无论如何/ sideways 斜地里/endways 笔直地 (表示方向或位置)
-wise otherwise 不然的话/crosswise 交叉地
-ous: dangerous, poisonous
-eous: righteous, gaseous
-ious: laborious, contradictious
-aceous: herbaceous, rosaceous
-acious: rapacious, sagacious
-aneous: contemporaneous, simultaneous
-itious: suppositious, cementitious
-uous: contemptuous, sensuous
-ulous: globulous, acidulous
-ous型后缀及其扩展形式
-ic: atomic, periodic
-tic: Asiatic, dramatic
-fic (-ific): pacific, honorific
-atic: systematic, idiomatic
-etic: sympathetic, energetic
-istic: coloristic, humoristic
-ic型后缀及其扩展形式
Word Formation of Derivatives
prefix + root
pro + pel
root + suffix
port + -able
prefix + root + suffix
im + mort + al
prefix + prefix + root
re + ex+ port
root + suffix + suffix
cord + -ial + -ly
prefix + root + root
tri- + gon(o) + metry
prefix + prefix + root + suffix + suffix
un + pre- + ced +-ent +-ed
Exercise
Hospital
President
Orient
Advise
Report
Advertise
Insect
Immediate
Conspire
Conference
Intervention
Salary
Minister