2023届高考英语二轮专题复习七选五解题方法讲义-
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语二轮专题复习七选五解题方法讲义- |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-10-23 21:24:31 | ||
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选五解题方法
在解题过程中，通过观察篇章语言、结构层次和设题特点，可将选择范围大大缩小。然后再根据小标题、主题句、首段尾句和标点符号即可预测答案。
从外在线索入手——先做送分题，缩小选项范围
外在线索题之一——关注小标题
七选五通常是“总—分(—总)”结构，偶尔是“总—分—分”结构，把握住这个“总—分(—总)”的整体结构和段际关系，对于标题类设空的解答大有帮助。小标题题目较为明显，多为名词性短语或祈使句，题目较为简单，学生可优先做该题。2018—2021年四年15套卷中的七选五的语篇结构有以下四种类型：
【典例1】 (2021·全国甲卷)
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had.It’s really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
·Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection.37.Less people than that, and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
__38__.They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
·Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.39.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
·Set a starting time.Maybe you say “go，” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.40.Just keep music playing throughout.And don’t forget to put out some cookies and fruits.Remember, it’s a party!
A.Less people than that
B.Hold a clothing swap
C.If two people are competing
D.Just keep music playing throughout
E.Donate whatever clothes are left over
F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【分析】
第一步 观察文章结构，缩小选择范围：由每段前的实心圆点来看，每段首句是主题句，再观察每个段落的首句都是祈使句，故38题选择范围是B、D、E、F和G项。
第二步 根据上下文语境，确定答案：根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their ‘new’ clothes home.”说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.”说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带着洗好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以____项符合语境。
G
外在线索题之二——留意主旨句
在“总—分”结构的文章中，观察每一部分(段落)的结构，如果每一部分(段落)都有主旨句引领，这些主旨句往往句式相同，并且前面往往有实心圆点。如果设空处恰好处于段落主旨句的位置，则该处应为段落主旨句，然后根据本段内容做出选择。此类题目较为简单，学生可优先做该题。
【典例2】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
·__37__ Do not follow the people who make you feel not－good－enough.Why do you follow them？Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs？Know that your life is your own；you are the only you in this world.
·Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.We are often ashamed of our shortcomings，our mistakes and our failures...
C.Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D.Remember，you are only human.
E.Set an intention for self－acceptance.
F.Stop comparing yourself with others.
【分析】 由每段前的实心圆点来看，每段首句是主题句。再观察下一段首句“Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.”是祈使句，应排除C选项。由空后的两个问句“Why do you follow them Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs？”可知本段主要讲不要和他人对比，故____项符合语境。
F
外在线索题之三——观察首段末尾处
在“总—分”结构的文章中，首段的末尾句，往往起到总起作用，引领下文。所选答案的语句通常为：“Following is the advice on how to...”“Here are a few tips to...” “The following steps may help you...”，而下文内容正是这些advice，tips，steps的具体内容。
【典例3】 (浙江卷)
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience.Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.__31__
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property (房产)neat, clean, and in good repair...
G.Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
【分析】 本文是说明文。文章从四个方面说明了如何做个好邻居，介绍了几个帮你迅速地融入新的社区的小技巧。
第一段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居应该有的。下文介绍了几种具体做法，故选____项“这里有一些技巧，可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的信赖”，承上启下。
G
外在线索题之四——利用标点符号
如果设空处后面是逗号，则该处填入的句子应为“未完待续”的句子，这些句子往往是从句或是主句；如果设空处前面是逗号，则该处填入的句子的首字母应为小写(专有名词除外)。我们可以据此来迅速锁定选择范围。
【典例4】 (2021·全国乙卷)
__38__？If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台).If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.
A.How do you know he host
F.What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
【分析】
第一步 观察标点符号，缩小选择范围：由38空后面的问号可知，设空处应为问句。只能从A和F项之间选择。
第二步 根据上下文语境，确定答案：空格后面的If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox.中的wine与F项中的drinking信息呼应，soapbox 与F项中的talking信息呼应。故选____。
F
A
(2021·潍坊市高三统一考试)
You can run pretty much anywhere，with pretty much no equipment.So it must be easy to start—just put one foot in front of the other，right
Not quite.
Starting a new training program，like most things，is stepping into an unfamiliar area.__1__ Most people start out too hard，which leads to unnecessary tiredness and possible injury；or they just burn themselves out，feeling that the last thing they want to do is go out for another heavy，painful run.Getting through that early period is the key to both running’s benefits and pleasures.
幻灯片18
__2__ You may want to start running to make your heart stronger，to up your endurance for other sports，or even just to fit into your tux (晚礼服) again.Those are all worthy goals and setting them is the valuable aid to getting where you want to go.
If you like a challenge，your goal might be running the local 5k，or something more ambitious，like finishing a Tough Mudder obstacle run or qualifying for the Boston Marathon.A typical beginner who trains properly—without overdoing it—can safely finish a 5k after about three months.__3__
Whatever you decide to aim for，committing to it will help your progress greatly.__4__ While a short，easy run a few times a week is better than having no run，it’s not nearly as exciting as looking up at—then reaching—the next level.
Then don’t get ahead of yourself.__5__ And gradually you can become a good run beginner.
A.Figure out why you’re running.
B.The new training program will pay off.
C.And it is possible for him to take part in a marathon after a year.
D.Otherwise you tend to make no further progress.
E.That is a remarkable achievement for a run beginner.
F.You should resist the urge to run too hard，too much，or too often.
G.You’re eager but unsure，excited but potentially easy to make errors.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了开始跑步训练时应该注意的问题。
1.G [考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲的是开始一个新的训练项目，就是进入了一个不熟悉的领域；空后一句讲的是大部分人跑得太猛，导致疲惫、可能的受伤或者累垮，跑步成了他们最不想要做的事。故G项承上启下，符合语境。]
2.A [考查段落主旨句。本段主要讲的是跑步者跑步的原因，故选A项(弄明白你为什么跑步)。]
3.C [考查上下文衔接。根据空前所述的一个典型的新手跑步者若进行适当训练的话，约三个月后就可以毫无风险地跑5公里可知，C项(一年后他参加马拉松是可能的)承接上句。]
4.D [考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲的是无论你的目的是什么，全心全意地投入它将极大地帮你取得进步；故D项(要不然你往往不会取得更大的进步)承接上文，符合语境。]
5.F [考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲的是不要操之过急，空后一句讲的是渐渐地你可以成为一名优秀的新手跑步者。故F项(你应该抵制这种强烈的欲望，不能跑得太猛，量太大或太频繁)承上启下，符合语境。]
B
(2021·河北省九校第二次联考)
We’ve long been taught that helping others helps ourselves.As Charles Dickens wrote，“No one is useless in this world who lightens the burdens of another.”
Science has shown that unselfish behaviors actually do improve our health.__1__ It can reduce the risk of cognitive impairment (认知障碍).It can even help us live longer.
幻灯片24
__2__ A 2017 study found pain sufferers who volunteered reported decreased pain along with an improved sense of purpose.A new series of studies may have found one reason.Regions of the brain that react to painful stimulation seem to instantly disappear by the experience of giving.
In another study，the researchers employed cancer patients living with pain and asked them to cook and clean for themselves or for the benefit of others at their treatment center.__3__When they did the work for their own personal benefit，the pain－relieving effect was reduced by over 62%.
In addition，the study found it was the meaning people gave to their good deeds that predicted how much pain the brain would perceive.Researchers believe medicine should consider using unselfish behavior to “supplement current therapies to treat pain”.__4__ A reduced sense of pain combined with feel-good chemicals—it seems our brains reward us for helping others even when we’re not expecting anything in return.__5__ It is a good way to improve your health and others’.
A.It is true for volunteers.
B.Helping others helps ourselves.
C.However，more research is needed about the idea.
D.It also appears that giving can help us cope with pain.
E.When they were helping others，their pain levels dropped.
F.Volunteering，for example，has been shown to reduce stress and improve depression.
G.Sounds like a great reason to put volunteering and other giving behaviors on your to-do list.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文，主要介绍了帮助别人也会给自己带来很多好处。帮助别人可以改善健康、减少压力、改善抑郁、减轻疼痛等。
1.F [考查上下文衔接。根据空前一句“科学表明无私的行为确实能改善我们的健康”和空后一句“它可以减少认知障碍的风险”可知，空处应该会讲到某一种具体的无私行为及它带来的好处，故F项符合语境。]
2.D [考查段落主旨句。本段主要讲了2017年的一项研究发现做志愿活动的疼痛患者报告说疼痛减轻了，目标感也提高了，并介绍了这种现象背后的一种原因，即“by the experience of giving”，所以D项适合作本段的主旨句。]
3.E [考查上下文衔接。空前一句提到研究者让遭受疼痛的癌症患者为自己或为治疗中心的其他人做饭和打扫卫生，而空后一句讲了“当他们为了个人利益做这项工作时，其止痛效果降低了62%以上”，因此空处讲的应该是他们帮助别人时的情况，所以E项符合语境。]
4.C [考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲“研究者认为医学应该考虑使用无私行为来补充现有的疗法以治疗疼痛”，再结合选项可知，C项中的“the idea”指代的就是这一看法，故C项符合语境。]
5.G [考查上下文衔接。根据空后一句“它是改善你和其他人的健康的一个好途径”并结合文章主旨“帮助别人就是帮助自己”可知，G项符合语境。]
在解题过程中，通过观察篇章语言、结构层次和设题特点，可将选择范围大大缩小。然后再根据小标题、主题句、首段尾句和标点符号即可预测答案。
从外在线索入手——先做送分题，缩小选项范围
外在线索题之一——关注小标题
七选五通常是“总—分(—总)”结构，偶尔是“总—分—分”结构，把握住这个“总—分(—总)”的整体结构和段际关系，对于标题类设空的解答大有帮助。小标题题目较为明显，多为名词性短语或祈使句，题目较为简单，学生可优先做该题。2018—2021年四年15套卷中的七选五的语篇结构有以下四种类型：
【典例1】 (2021·全国甲卷)
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had.It’s really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
·Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection.37.Less people than that, and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
__38__.They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
·Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.39.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
·Set a starting time.Maybe you say “go，” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.40.Just keep music playing throughout.And don’t forget to put out some cookies and fruits.Remember, it’s a party!
A.Less people than that
B.Hold a clothing swap
C.If two people are competing
D.Just keep music playing throughout
E.Donate whatever clothes are left over
F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【分析】
第一步 观察文章结构，缩小选择范围：由每段前的实心圆点来看，每段首句是主题句，再观察每个段落的首句都是祈使句，故38题选择范围是B、D、E、F和G项。
第二步 根据上下文语境，确定答案：根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their ‘new’ clothes home.”说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.”说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带着洗好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以____项符合语境。
G
外在线索题之二——留意主旨句
在“总—分”结构的文章中，观察每一部分(段落)的结构，如果每一部分(段落)都有主旨句引领，这些主旨句往往句式相同，并且前面往往有实心圆点。如果设空处恰好处于段落主旨句的位置，则该处应为段落主旨句，然后根据本段内容做出选择。此类题目较为简单，学生可优先做该题。
【典例2】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
·__37__ Do not follow the people who make you feel not－good－enough.Why do you follow them？Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs？Know that your life is your own；you are the only you in this world.
·Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.We are often ashamed of our shortcomings，our mistakes and our failures...
C.Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D.Remember，you are only human.
E.Set an intention for self－acceptance.
F.Stop comparing yourself with others.
【分析】 由每段前的实心圆点来看，每段首句是主题句。再观察下一段首句“Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.”是祈使句，应排除C选项。由空后的两个问句“Why do you follow them Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs？”可知本段主要讲不要和他人对比，故____项符合语境。
F
外在线索题之三——观察首段末尾处
在“总—分”结构的文章中，首段的末尾句，往往起到总起作用，引领下文。所选答案的语句通常为：“Following is the advice on how to...”“Here are a few tips to...” “The following steps may help you...”，而下文内容正是这些advice，tips，steps的具体内容。
【典例3】 (浙江卷)
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience.Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.__31__
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property (房产)neat, clean, and in good repair...
G.Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
【分析】 本文是说明文。文章从四个方面说明了如何做个好邻居，介绍了几个帮你迅速地融入新的社区的小技巧。
第一段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居应该有的。下文介绍了几种具体做法，故选____项“这里有一些技巧，可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的信赖”，承上启下。
G
外在线索题之四——利用标点符号
如果设空处后面是逗号，则该处填入的句子应为“未完待续”的句子，这些句子往往是从句或是主句；如果设空处前面是逗号，则该处填入的句子的首字母应为小写(专有名词除外)。我们可以据此来迅速锁定选择范围。
【典例4】 (2021·全国乙卷)
__38__？If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台).If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.
A.How do you know he host
F.What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
【分析】
第一步 观察标点符号，缩小选择范围：由38空后面的问号可知，设空处应为问句。只能从A和F项之间选择。
第二步 根据上下文语境，确定答案：空格后面的If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox.中的wine与F项中的drinking信息呼应，soapbox 与F项中的talking信息呼应。故选____。
F
A
(2021·潍坊市高三统一考试)
You can run pretty much anywhere，with pretty much no equipment.So it must be easy to start—just put one foot in front of the other，right
Not quite.
Starting a new training program，like most things，is stepping into an unfamiliar area.__1__ Most people start out too hard，which leads to unnecessary tiredness and possible injury；or they just burn themselves out，feeling that the last thing they want to do is go out for another heavy，painful run.Getting through that early period is the key to both running’s benefits and pleasures.
幻灯片18
__2__ You may want to start running to make your heart stronger，to up your endurance for other sports，or even just to fit into your tux (晚礼服) again.Those are all worthy goals and setting them is the valuable aid to getting where you want to go.
If you like a challenge，your goal might be running the local 5k，or something more ambitious，like finishing a Tough Mudder obstacle run or qualifying for the Boston Marathon.A typical beginner who trains properly—without overdoing it—can safely finish a 5k after about three months.__3__
Whatever you decide to aim for，committing to it will help your progress greatly.__4__ While a short，easy run a few times a week is better than having no run，it’s not nearly as exciting as looking up at—then reaching—the next level.
Then don’t get ahead of yourself.__5__ And gradually you can become a good run beginner.
A.Figure out why you’re running.
B.The new training program will pay off.
C.And it is possible for him to take part in a marathon after a year.
D.Otherwise you tend to make no further progress.
E.That is a remarkable achievement for a run beginner.
F.You should resist the urge to run too hard，too much，or too often.
G.You’re eager but unsure，excited but potentially easy to make errors.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了开始跑步训练时应该注意的问题。
1.G [考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲的是开始一个新的训练项目，就是进入了一个不熟悉的领域；空后一句讲的是大部分人跑得太猛，导致疲惫、可能的受伤或者累垮，跑步成了他们最不想要做的事。故G项承上启下，符合语境。]
2.A [考查段落主旨句。本段主要讲的是跑步者跑步的原因，故选A项(弄明白你为什么跑步)。]
3.C [考查上下文衔接。根据空前所述的一个典型的新手跑步者若进行适当训练的话，约三个月后就可以毫无风险地跑5公里可知，C项(一年后他参加马拉松是可能的)承接上句。]
4.D [考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲的是无论你的目的是什么，全心全意地投入它将极大地帮你取得进步；故D项(要不然你往往不会取得更大的进步)承接上文，符合语境。]
5.F [考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲的是不要操之过急，空后一句讲的是渐渐地你可以成为一名优秀的新手跑步者。故F项(你应该抵制这种强烈的欲望，不能跑得太猛，量太大或太频繁)承上启下，符合语境。]
B
(2021·河北省九校第二次联考)
We’ve long been taught that helping others helps ourselves.As Charles Dickens wrote，“No one is useless in this world who lightens the burdens of another.”
Science has shown that unselfish behaviors actually do improve our health.__1__ It can reduce the risk of cognitive impairment (认知障碍).It can even help us live longer.
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__2__ A 2017 study found pain sufferers who volunteered reported decreased pain along with an improved sense of purpose.A new series of studies may have found one reason.Regions of the brain that react to painful stimulation seem to instantly disappear by the experience of giving.
In another study，the researchers employed cancer patients living with pain and asked them to cook and clean for themselves or for the benefit of others at their treatment center.__3__When they did the work for their own personal benefit，the pain－relieving effect was reduced by over 62%.
In addition，the study found it was the meaning people gave to their good deeds that predicted how much pain the brain would perceive.Researchers believe medicine should consider using unselfish behavior to “supplement current therapies to treat pain”.__4__ A reduced sense of pain combined with feel-good chemicals—it seems our brains reward us for helping others even when we’re not expecting anything in return.__5__ It is a good way to improve your health and others’.
A.It is true for volunteers.
B.Helping others helps ourselves.
C.However，more research is needed about the idea.
D.It also appears that giving can help us cope with pain.
E.When they were helping others，their pain levels dropped.
F.Volunteering，for example，has been shown to reduce stress and improve depression.
G.Sounds like a great reason to put volunteering and other giving behaviors on your to-do list.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文，主要介绍了帮助别人也会给自己带来很多好处。帮助别人可以改善健康、减少压力、改善抑郁、减轻疼痛等。
1.F [考查上下文衔接。根据空前一句“科学表明无私的行为确实能改善我们的健康”和空后一句“它可以减少认知障碍的风险”可知，空处应该会讲到某一种具体的无私行为及它带来的好处，故F项符合语境。]
2.D [考查段落主旨句。本段主要讲了2017年的一项研究发现做志愿活动的疼痛患者报告说疼痛减轻了，目标感也提高了，并介绍了这种现象背后的一种原因，即“by the experience of giving”，所以D项适合作本段的主旨句。]
3.E [考查上下文衔接。空前一句提到研究者让遭受疼痛的癌症患者为自己或为治疗中心的其他人做饭和打扫卫生，而空后一句讲了“当他们为了个人利益做这项工作时，其止痛效果降低了62%以上”，因此空处讲的应该是他们帮助别人时的情况，所以E项符合语境。]
4.C [考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲“研究者认为医学应该考虑使用无私行为来补充现有的疗法以治疗疼痛”，再结合选项可知，C项中的“the idea”指代的就是这一看法，故C项符合语境。]
5.G [考查上下文衔接。根据空后一句“它是改善你和其他人的健康的一个好途径”并结合文章主旨“帮助别人就是帮助自己”可知，G项符合语境。]