2023届高考英语一轮复习词汇构词法之派生课件-（15张ppt）

(共15张PPT)
Word Formation in English
phil-anthrop-ist
root/base derived from Greek, meaning “love”
allomorphs: -phile; philo-
root/base derived from Greek, meaning “man”
allomorph: anthropo-
Suffix, meaning “one who does or practices”
etymology: old French -iste and Latin -ista from Ancient Greek -istēs.
derivational morpheme
None （indecomposability）
Adjective（indecomposable）
-ity (-ility)
in-
Adjective（decomposable）
Verb（decompose）
-able
de-
Verb（compose）
com-
Verb
pose
Formation of words
free=free root
Morpheme
bound root
bound prefix
affix derivational
suffix
inflectional
Affixation---the morphological process
word formation in English
main processes
minor processes
Prefixation
Suffixation
Conversion
Compounding
Clipping or shortening
Acronyms
Blending
Back-formation
Analogical creation
Onomatopoeia
Coinage
1. Negative prefixes
a- (or an-):
anarchy---absence of government or control
dis-:
discancer----to deprive of cancer
in- (or il-, or im-, or ir-):
incorrect; illogical; immortal; irrelevant
non-:
nonsmoker; non-U (BrE.)
un-:
uninformative; unbooked;
Prefixation
2. Reversative or privative prefixes
de-:
dis-:
un-:
3. Pejorative prefixes
mal-:
mis-:
pseudo-:
Prefixation
defrost; deforestation
disown; discolored
unpack; unhorse
maltreat; malfunction
mishear; misbehaved
pseudonym; pseudoscience
4. Prefixes of degree or size
arch-: archenemy (chief enemy); archangel
co- (or com, or col, or con, or cor):
coeducation; combat; colleague; concur; correspondence
hyper-: hypermarket (a very large shopping mall including a supermarket.
mini-: (≠maxi-; midi-)
out-: outlive (to live longer than)
over-: overeat; overwork
sub-: subnormal (below normal)
super-: supersized; supernatural; superman
Prefixation
sur-: surpass (to go beyond in amount or degree)
ultra-: ultraconservative (extremely conservative)
under-: underestimate; undercharge
5. Prefixes of orientation and attitude
anti-: anti-art; antinovel
contra-: contradiction; contrafactual
counter-: counterattack; counteract
pro-: pro-student (favoring or siding with students)
Prefixation
6. Locative prefixes
fore-: forehead; foreword
inter-: interview; interwar
sub-: submerge (go under the surface of water); submarine
super-: superscript; superstructure
trans-: transplant; transform
7. Prefixes of time and order
ex-: ex-wife; ex-president
fore-: foretell; foresight
post-: post-liberation; post-classical
pre-: preschool; prehistory
re-: review; recheck; renew
Prefixation
8. Number prefixes
bi-, di-: bilingual; dioxide
multi-, poly-: multi-media; polysemy
semi-, demi-, hemi-: semiannual; demigod; hemisphere
tri-: triangle; trillion
uni-, mono-: uniform; monoplane
9. Miscellaneous neo-classical prefixes
auto-: autobiography; automation
extra-: extralinguistic; extracurricular
neo-: neo-Nazi; neology
Prefixation
paleo-: paleozoology
pan-: Pan-Americanism
proto-: protohistory; protozoology
tele-: telescope; telegram; television
vice-: vice-president; viceroy
10. Conversion prefixes
a-: asleep; awash; aloud
be-: befogged; befriend; bewitch
en-, em- (before -p or -b): endanger; embitter
Prefixation
1. None suffixes:
-age; -dom; -ery, -ry (eps. After l or t); -ful; -hood; -ing; -ism; -ocracy; -ship; -eer; -er; -ess; -ette; -let; -ling; -ster; -ant; -ee; -or; -al; -ation; -ment; -ity; -ness; -ese; -(i)an; -ist; -ite;
2. Adjective suffixes:
-ed; -ful; -ish; -less; -like; -ly; -y; -al; -esque; -ic; -(i)ous; -able; -ive;
3. Adverb suffixes:
-ly; -ward; -wise;
4. Verb suffixes:
-ate; -en; -ify; -ize (-ise);
Suffixation
None （indecomposability）
Adjective（indecomposable）
-ity (-ility)
in-
Adjective（decomposable）
Verb（decompose）
-able
de-
Verb（compose）
com-
Verb
pose