2023届高三英语二轮复习：Relative clause定语从句1 课件（44张ppt)

(共43张PPT)
（定语从句1）
定语从句：用作定语修饰或限定名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词(antecedent)
He is working over there.
I know the man _____is working over there.
I know the man.
This is the book.
which
_______is about Obama.
is about Obama.
The book
who
Yesterday I bought a book.
is our English
teacher.
_____I met yesterday
The woman
The woman is our English teacher.
I met the woman yesterday.
The book sold well.
whom
Yesterday I bought a book _____sold well.
that
This is the senior high school____________________________.
（在南汇有名的）
which is famous in Nanhui
This is the panda___________________________.
(我去年看到的）
(which) I saw last year
This is the university __________________________________.(我下周想参观的）
(which) I want to visit next week
The opening and closing ceremonies of the 2008 Summer Olympics was held in the bird’s nest ____________________________________.(世界著名建筑物之一的 ）
which is one of famous buildings in the world
which:
The book which is worth reading is mine.
The book which is popular with young people sells well.
The book (which) I bought yesterday is worth reading.
I lost the book ( which) I newly bought.
This is the house (which) I lived in.
指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；当作宾语时，可以省略。
This is Obama ______________________________________.
(赢得了美国总统选举）
who won the American president election
Phelps ____________________________in the 2008 Olympic Games swims very fast.
(赢了8块金牌）
who won 8 gold medals
We are proud of Yao_______________________________.(在NBA篮球打得很好）
who played basketball very well in NBA
Yu Minhong is a famous man____________________________.（许多年轻人很喜欢）
(who) many young people like
who：
The boy who is smiling is Tom.
Anyone who wants to have a good job should study hard.
Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
The man (who) I met is Mr Li.
I know the boy (who) our teacher is talking to.
指人，在从句中常用作主语；在非正式情况下也可作宾语，作宾语时，可以省略
Jay Chou is a popular singer_________________________.(我们经常谈论的。）
(whom) we often
talk about
The old are the people______________________________.(我们应该照顾）
(whom) we should take care of
whom:
The man (whom) I met is Mr Li.
Mr. Ling is just the boy (whom) I want to see.
Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
The man (whom) you met just now is my friend
指人，在从句中常作宾语，可以省略
This is the baby________________________.(这周末你将见到的）
(that) you will see this weekend
21st Century is the newspaper_____________________________________.（在英语学习人中很流行）
that is very popular with the English learners
that:
The book that is worth reading is mine.
The book (that) I bought yesterday is worth reading.
The boy that is smiling is Tom.
The man (that) I met is Mr Li.
指人或物， 在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
Do you like the baby________________________.(她的眼睛很大）
Have you ever read the book_______________ (它的封面是绿色的）
whose eyes are big
whose cover is green
注： 当表所属关系时，关系词用表所有格的whose
He gave the money to the porter________ carried his luggage.
Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat __________is eating her flowers.
3.The thief__________ had robbed the man was caught by the policeman.
4. Where is the man ___________I saw this morning
5. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine ___________you asked for.
who/that
which/that
who/that
(that/whom)
(that/which)
Fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns(关系代词）.
（定语从句2）
prep. +which/whom
主语 宾语 所有格
指代人
指代物
指代人和物
who, that
who, whom,
that
whose
that ,
which
that ,
which
whose,
of which
that
that
(I)关系代词:
1. 一般情况下关系代词的用法:
who, whom, that, which, whose
Can you lend me the book
You talked about it last night.
Can you lend me the book (which/that) you talked about last night.
The boy is in the lab. You want to talk to him.
The boy (whom/who/that) you want to talk to is in the lab.
This is the boy. I looked after him yesterday.
This is the boy (whom/who/that) I looked after yesterday.
/about which
/ to whom
先行词在定语从句中作宾语时, 关系代词可以省略,但当关系代词提到介词之前,即定语从句以介词+关系代词 (介词+which/whom)开始,关系代词不能省略..
I know the boy _______ our teacher is talking.
Do you find the pen ________________ I wrote just now
He is the boy (who/whom/that) I am looking for look for/at, listen to, look after为固定词组.
Please pass me the book ____________ is white.
to whom
with which
whose cover
of which the cover
the cover of which
Practice:
How nice! It is a topic ___________ we’ll take interest .
I bought a great number of books _________________ I spent all my money.
The coloured gas ___________________ we can’t live is called oxygen.
Nancy is the person _________________ I should discuss the problem.
This is the person ___________ we are looking for.
in which
on which
without which
with whom
whom
Conclusion1
只用that,不用which
1。当先行词既有人又有物时
2。当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时
3。先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, everything, anything, 等
4。先行词被all, any, no, few, little等所修饰
5。当先行词被the only, the very 等修饰
6。如主句中已有which, who 时，关系词用that
Attention
This is the only reference book which we can get in this store.
There is no difficulty which we can't overcome.
I did nothing which might hurt you.
This is the best film which has been shown so far in the city.
Who is the person who is standing at the gate
that
that
that
that
that
These are the factories and engineers whom I often visit.
that
1. The woman and the dog _____ you saw
yesterday died in the fire.
2. The first English book _____ I have read
was Little Woman.
3.She is the most beautiful girl_____ I have
ever known.
4.Everything _____ we saw at the meeting
interests me.
5. This is the only step _____ we can take at the moment.
6.All ____ must be done are being done .
7.Who is the girl_____ is singing there
8. This is the very dictionary ______ I want to buy.
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
下列情况下定语从句宜用who来引导
当先行词是those, she ,he ,they, ones, anyone, someone, no one等指人的代词时,
* Those who have been to Europe shouldn’t be given another chance.
Anyone who wants to have a good job should study hard.
One who works without complaint is welcome here.
He who does no work gets no pay.
conclusion2
1. 先行词在定语从句中充当主语,从句谓语动词与先行词在人称和数上保持一致
2. 先行词有one of修饰，从句谓语动词用复数
* He is one of the students who work hard in our class.
3. 先行词有the one或the only one修饰,从句谓语动词用单数.
He is the（only） one of the students who works hard in our class.
4. what 不能用来引导定语从句.
…all that clause (定语从句）= what clause （名词性从句）
Conclusion 3
你能挑出错误吗
1. There is no difficulty we can’t overcome.
4. I’m afraid there’s little I can do for you now.
3. These are the factories and engineers I often visit.
2. This is the runner everyone says will win the match.
5. This is the only one of my classmates who always late
to school.
6. Let those who want to ask the questions
8. Is this zoo
9. I know the lady husband is a Nobel Prize winner.
10. I passed by the classroom windows were broken.
that
which
whom
who
whom
that
which
that
come
comes
here.
be here.
which we visited last year
the one that/which
who’s
whose
which
whose
（定语从句3）
relative adv.
Eg. I’ll never forget the day ________ I joined the league
This is the house ____________ I lived two years ago
Do you know the reason ____________ she was late.
on which
when
in which
where
for which
why
关系副词（relative adverbs): when, where, why
关系代词与关系副词的判断
This is the mountain village ________ I stayed last year.
This is the mountain village _________ I visited last year.
I will never forget the days _________ I worked with you.
I will never forget the days __________ I spent with you.
I don’t believe the reason _________he explain to me.
I don’t know the reason ______ he is always late.
where
(which/that)
when
(which/that)
(which/that)
why
Fill in the blanks with proper words
4. The computer____ they use belongs
to the school.
5. The school ____ is five meters away
will be rebuilt.
6. I will never forget the days ____ we
studied together.
(that/which )
(that/which)
(when/ in which)
We studied together in the days.
I will never forget the day ____ we studied together.
When/ on which
Fill in the blanks with proper words
7. The house ____ I once lived is now a
museum .
8. I don’t know the reason ____ he was
late for school.
(where/in which)
(why/for which)
I once lived in the house
（定语从句4）
non-restrictive
限制性定语从句(restrictive clause)和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive clause)
1. 区别
The man who lives next door is very friendly.
My sister, who is twenty, works in a bank.
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然明确,完整。这种从句， 写时要用逗号与主句分开。
2.在非限制性定语从句中, 不能用that和why来引导从句
* Lei Feng, who served the people heart and soul, set a good example to all of us.
* Shanghai, which is in the east of China, is a modern city.
Beijing, where he has lived for a long time, is the capital of China
非限制定语从句的先行词一般是人名，地名
3. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句中的谓语动词要用第三人称单数.
* The exam was put off, which was out of our expectation.
as作关系代词的定语从句
as既可以引导限制性也可引导非限制性定语从句
1.引导限制性定语从句, 主句中先行词前有such, the same , 即构成句型结构such….as; the same…as
* John is not such a student as will tell a lie.
This is the same bike as I lost yesterday。
2. as引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个句子,含有: ”正如’’…意思.而且as引导的定语从句可放在句首或句中
*As we all know/can see ,the sun gives the earth heat
The sun gives the earth heat, as is known to us all.
cf. The exam was put off, which was out of our expectation.
这一点…
3. 当先行词是the way,且在定语中做方式状语, 后面的in which 和 that 可以省略
* They often laugh at the way in which he walks.
that he walks
he walks
（定语从句5）
注意点
Make comparison
1.
The house _________ they live in is not large.
The house in _______ they live is not large.
that/which
which
2.
This is the factory ________ my father visited .
This is the factory ________ my father worked.
that/which
where
Make comparison
3.
October 1 is a day ________ we will never forget.
October 1 is a day ______our new China was
founded.
that/which
when
4.
Is this flat ____________ you once lived in
Is this the flat _________ you once lived in
Is this the only flat _____ you once lived in
the one (that)
that/which
that
Make comparison
5.
Is this the only ship ________ they went to
Shanghai.
Is this the only ship _________ they can
buy.
in which
that
6.
I’ve forgotten all_______ he said just now.
I’ve forgotten _______ he said just now.
that
what
Make comparison
7.
He failed in the exam, ________ we all
know.
_____ we all expect, he passed the exam.
which/as
As
8.
He is one of the students_______ ______
passed the exam.
He is the only one of the students______
______ passed the exam.
who
have
has
who