牛津译林版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 4 Exploring poetry Section B Grammar and usage 学案（含答案）

Section B Grammar and usage
学习目标
1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、掌握本节句型表达与运用。
知识运用
1. emphasis
词性：_________ 意思：________
常见搭配：
lay/put/place emphasis on sth. 强调/重视某事
Our English teacher often puts emphasis on the importance of English study.我们英语老师经常强调英语学习的重要性。
相关词语积累：
emphasise (同 emphasize)vt. 强调；重视；着重。
常见搭配：
emphasise the importance of… 强调…的重要性
I must emphasise that they are only children.
我必须强调的是他们只是孩子。
练习：One cannot ____ (emphasis) too much the potential danger of nuclear energy.
2. advocate
词性：_________ 意思：________
词性：_________ 意思：________
advocate (doing) sth. 提倡（做）某事，主张（做）某事
I don't advocate doing such things.
我不提倡做这样的事情。
advocate that…提倡/主张…（从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should 可省略）
He advocated that children (should) take part in sports. 他主张儿童应该参加体育运动。
an advocate for/of…的支持者/拥护者
There is no advocate for/of the new policy. 没有人支持这一新政策。
练习：There are not many teachers who are strong ____ (advocate) of traditional methods in English teaching.
3. belief
词性：_________ 意思：________
beyond belief令人难以置信
have belief in 相信... 信任…;怀有…信念
have/hold the belief that…相信…
It's one's belief that… = One's belief is that…某人相信…
I admire his passionate belief in what he is doing.我佩服他对自己的工作所抱的坚定信心。
相关词语积累：believe v. 相信，认为真实。
常见搭配：
believe sb. 相信某人（的话）believe in sb. 信
任某人believe it or not 信不信由你
It is believed that…人们相信…(It为形式主语）
练习：People hold the belief ____Festival and other traditional Chinese festivals will not be replaced by the foreign festivals like Christmas.
4. treasure
词性：_________ 意思：________
词性：_________ 意思：________
Exploring the world of emotion and showing the beauty of nature, the poetry of the Romantic era is one of the greatest treasures in Western literature. 探索情感世界、展示自然之美，浪漫主义时期的诗歌是西方文学中最珍贵的瑰宝之一。
I certainly treasure the friendship between us very much.
我当然非常珍视我们之间的友谊。
练习：The house was large and full of art treasures.（词性及含义）
5. celebrate
词性：_________ 意思：________
All over the world people celebrate Father's Day to honor their father and express love for them.
全世界的人都庆祝父亲节，以此向他们的父亲致敬和表达爱意。
相关词语积累：celebration n. 庆典，庆祝活动；庆祝。
常见搭配：in celebration of sth. 为了庆祝某事
练习：They are holding a party in ____ (celebrate) of their fiftieth wedding anniversary.
语法解析
1.动词不定式的功能
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等多种成分。
（1）做主语
①含义：表示具体的或一次性的动作。
②谓语动词的数：动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
③位置：动词不定式做主语时，可位于句首，也可位于句末。（it做形式主语）
To do such things is very foolish.
做这样的事情是很愚蠢的。
（2）做宾语
①有些动词后常跟不定式（而不跟动词－ing形式）做宾语
We decided to leave early. 我们决定早点动身。
②用于“动词＋it+adj. /n. +to do sth.”结构中，其中it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。
I feel it my duty to help others. 我觉得帮助别人是我的职责。
（3）做表语
动词不定式置于系动词后面做表语时，常表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用，其主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词。
His dream is to become an astronaut. 他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。
（4）做定语
1 动词不定式做定语可表示将来的还没发生的动作。
There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon. 在我们准备长时间待在月球上之前，还有许多要处理的问题。
2 序数词、形容词最高级或 the last/the only/the next 等后常用动词不定式做定语。
He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
3 抽象名词 time, way, reason, chance, courage, ability, promise, attempt 等后常用动词不定式做定语。
He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.他许诺明天按时来这儿。
4 something, nothing, anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式做定语。
Do you have anything to say 你有什么要说的吗？
（5）做状语
动词不定式可做目的状语、原因状语、结果状语。
To catch the first bus, he got up early.为了赶头班车，他起得很早。（目的）
Glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。（原因）
（6）做补语
ask, tell, invite, get, advise, allow, want, permit, warn, order, encourage, prefer, expect, force, wish, beg 等动词后可接动词不定式做补语。
My teacher encouraged me to study abroad.
我的老师鼓励我出国留学。
2. 动词－ing形式的功能
动词－ing形式可做主语、宾语、表语、状语（时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语、伴随状语）、补语等。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。（主语、表语）
Would you mind my smoking 你介意我抽烟吗？（宾语）
Being tired, I stopped to have a rest. 我累了，于是停下来休息。（原因状语）
I saw my children taking their books to the library. 我看见我的孩子们带书去了图书馆。（补语）
3. 动词－ed形式的功能
动词－ed形式可做表语、定语、状语、补语等。
I am tired now. 我现在累了。（表语）
fallen leaves 落叶（定语）
Given more time, I will do better. 如果给我更多的时间，我会做得更好。（状语）
I saw a whale killed by a group of killer whales. 我看见一头鲸被一群虎鲸杀死了。（补语）
练习：
1. I remembered ____ (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
2. People want to listen to someone who is ____ (interest), relaxed and comfortable.
3. We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on airplane, ____ (surround) by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
答案
知识运用
1. emphasise 2. advocates 3.that 4. n.珍宝 5. celebration
语法解析
1. to lock 2. interesting 3. surrounded
2