(共15张PPT)
派生法
前缀(prefix)+ 词根(stem)+后缀(suffix)
原因互换: a e I o u
辅音互换:gkh 互换; dts 互换; uvw互换;mnlr 互换;bpmfv 互换
第一类 : 里+外
1: e/ex/ef- 向外/分离/ 出
export; exit; exist ; extract; extinct ; expose; exclude;
excavate; emigrate; expel; explode;
ex-president(前任总统)ex-wife(前妻)
2: in/im-内/进:
inject; import; immigrate ; include; impel ; instruct; impose;
(explicit; implicit )
3: 表示“前before”的前缀
1).pre- (静态,在前;预先;提前 )
prepare ; preview; prefer ; preface; precede ; predate; prefix; prejudice; prepaid; presell; preposition, preschool
2).Fore-
forehead,foreground,foreman,foresee,foretell,forecast ; forward, forebear/forefather;
Forebrain; before; forefoot; foremost(first and foremost);
3).Pro- (动态,向前)
Programme, prologue ; progress; proceed;
4).Ante- ; anc-
anteroom; ancestor; ancient ; anticipate;
Arctic --- Antarctic ; antecedent
第二类: 向前+ 往后
4:表示“后-post”的前缀
1). post-
post-war, postdate ; postface; postpone ;
2). 回/重新;再次 (常见)
re- return; retell; repeat , review;
Refuel; retranslate,reinforce,reconstruct,return ;retell, rewrite, remarry;react;
第三类: 聚合+ 分开
5: co/con/com/ col- 聚集(一起;共同):
company; concentrate; collect; co-exist,co-operate,collaborate;
Confirm;consolidate ; conclude;consist; compete; combine
6: di/ dis/ dif- 分散(分开):
divorce; differ; divide; distract; dismiss; display ;
第四类 上/超过 + 下/不足
7: super- / sur- // over- / out- 上、超过
1) :superstar; supermarket ; superman; supreme ; supervise; superior; supernature;superpower ;
2): Surface; survive; surcharge; surname; surpass; surplus; surround;
3): overcoat; overdo; overcoat ; overeat; overhead;overuse; overact;
4) : out- 表示“在上面;在外部”,
outline (外形), outside, outward… ;
Out 超出···,比···更···,···之外
Outdo; outgo; outstand; outbalance; outbrave; outcome; outnumber; outweigh;
8:下,不足 under/de/sub- (suc-,suf-,sug-,sum-,sur-,sus-)
1)under- 表示“在……下面”,
underline, underground, underwater…undergo; underwear; under-develop
2) subway; suffix
Sub-editor; sub-way,sub-conscious; submarine(海下的),subtropical; subtitle ;
Suppress;
第五类: 相互+ 两边
9. trans-转移/转变/横跨:
transplant; translate; transmit; transport; transform; transfer;
10: 相互之间: inter- / intel-
internet; international; interwar; interact;
Interchangeble,
第六类 正+负
11: 强调/ 无意义;a+双写辅音字母
有:abb-,acc-,acq,add-,aff-,agg-,app-,arr-,att-),“ax-”一般表示“加强语气”
affect; aggressive; accompany ; apparent; arrange; attract; addicted; access; accelerate;
12:否定词前缀 ()
unhappy; informal; impossible; abnormal; illegal; irregular
12.表示否定的前缀
1).dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。
Disadvantage; dishonorable; disagree
2).in-加在形容词,名词之前
incorrect; inability,inaccurate
3).im-加在字母m,b,p之前
impossible,impolite,imbalance;
4).il-加在以1开头的词前
illegal,illiterate(文盲的,无文化的)illogical
5).ir-加在以r开头的词前
irregular,irresistible;
6).un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前
unfinished; undoubted; unemployment
7).non-加在形容词,名词前
non-existence,non-essential;non-electrical(非电的);non-fiction
8).mis-加在动词、名词之前
misunderstand,misjudge,misleading,misfortune
9).dis-加地动词之前
disappear,disarm,disconnect
10).de-加在名词,形容词之前
decolor (脱色, 漂白) ; decrease;deject; decline;
11).anti-加在名词、形容词之前
anti-Japanese,anti-social; anti-terrorist; anti-war;
12).counter-/ contra- 加在名词、动词前
counterattack,counteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution; contrary
13)op-、ob-
Object; oppose; opposition; obstacle; obstruct;
13.其它的前缀
1.auto-自
automatic(自动的),auto-autobiography(自传)
2.mal-坏,恶 //bene- 好的
Malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待); benefit
3.Micro-
Microscope(显微镜),microbiology 微生物学
4.Tele-远
Telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜)
television
7.Bi-,di-二
Biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),
dioxide 二氧化物
8.Tri-三
Triangle(三角),tripod(三角架)
9.Multi-多
multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的)
10.Poly –多
Polygon(多角形),polyatomic(多原子的) ; pentagon 五角
11. . bio- 表示“生命;生物”,
biography (传记), biology ;
12.centi-百
centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣)
13.milli-千
millennia(千年的),millimeter(毫米)
14.Kilo-千
kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米)
15. mini-
minibus, miniskirt, mini-car