2023届高三英语二轮复习定语从句课件-（27张PPT）

(共27张PPT)
专项复习之定语从句
STEP ONE
Lead in
什么是定语从句？
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做
定语从句，相当于形容词。
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“ 先行词 ”。
引导定语从句的词叫“ 关系词 ”。
He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.
定语从句
先行词
关系代词
定语从句
STEP TWO
Learning aims
1. 什么是定语从句？
2. 定语从句三要素
3. 如何选择恰当的关系词？
4. 关系代词和关系副词的用法
5. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
6. 定语从句中的特殊情况
STEP THREE
Self study
定语从句三要素
1. Do you know the man who is talking with your mother
2. The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.
3. There was a time when I hated to go to school.
先行词
关系词
从句
定语从句的引导词
关系代词
关系副词
指人
指物
who (主语, 宾语) whom (宾语)
that (主语, 宾语)
whose (定语)
as (主语, 宾语, 表语)
which (主语, 宾语) that (主语, 宾语) whose (定语)
as (主语, 宾语, 表语)
where (地点状语)
when ( 时间状语)
why (原因状语)
基础知识回顾
STEP FOUR
Guidance and exploration
1. 如何选择定语从句恰当的关系词？
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
找到先行词
先行词代指人还是物
从句中缺少什么成分
选定恰当的关系词
一看空前人物时地原 二看空后是否缺主宾
拓展知识：句子结构（五大基本句型）
1. S vi (主＋谓)
2. Ｓ v P (主＋系＋表)
3. Ｓ vt Ｏ (主＋谓＋宾)
4. Ｓ vt ｏ Ｏ (主＋谓＋间宾-人＋直宾-物)
5. Ｓ vt Ｏ Ｃ (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
Ps:vt指及物动词，需要在后面+名词/代词做宾语
vi指不及物动词， 无需加宾语
加宾语时需加介词或副词，再加宾语
2. 关系代词和关系副词的用法
which/that
who/that
which
As
who
whom
whose
I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
关系副词when, where, why的用法
注意：高考对where的考查趋于复杂,先行词由“明显的地点”转为“模糊的地点”,或者说“抽象的地点”。这些名词有stage, case, position, atmosphere, situation, point, occasion, activity等。
1. when 指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语。其先行词是表示时间的名词time, day, week, year, month等
2.where 指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词,可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。
The house where he lives is near the river.
3. why 指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语, 可用for which来代替。why不可引导非限制性定语从句。
Tell me the reason why/for which you came late.
1. 【2019·新课标I卷·改错】One afternoon where I was in
primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
when
2.【2018·新课标I卷· 改错】They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they
earned quite a lot by selling the fish.
where/in which
3.翻译
1. 我们讲把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气会更好。
2.学生们应该参加社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
1. 看定语从句中动词或者形容词与介词的习惯搭配
It was a prison ________ which no one escaped.
He was generous with his time, _________which I was grateful.
2. 根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词的习惯搭配；
I’ll never the day ________ which she said goodbye to me.
可以通过句子的整体含义,结合生活实际来判断。
Is that the newspaper ________ which your father wrote articles
3,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,介词的选择
介词+关系代词：which(指物) whom (指人)
地点介词 in / at / on.. + which = where
时间介词 in / on / during…+ which = when
原因介词 for + which = why
for
on
for
from
4.只用that引导的定语从句的情况
用法 例句
1. 不定代词（如everything, nothing, anything, all, much, few, little等）做先行词时 Is there anything that you don't know
2. 先行词被all, every, any, no, little, much等词修饰时 All the people that we invited are coming.
3. 先行词前有序数词，数词，形容词最高级时 It's the first time that my mother left home.
只用that引导的定语从句的情况
用法 例句
4. 先行词有the only, the very, the same, the one修饰时 He is the only person that is for you.
5. 先行词既有人又有物时 She told me many interesting things and person that I had never heard.
6. 当主句时以which 或 who开头的特殊疑问句时 Who is the man that you went to the park with
7. 关系代词在从句中做表语时 You are not the girl that you used to be.
只用which的情况
用法 例句
1. 引导非限制性定语从句 The house, which has a history of 500 years, is very famous.
2. 当关系代词之后有插入成分时，只能用which。 I have received your letter which, as I have told you, was being expected by me.
3. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中， 只能用which指物。 This is a tree in which there is a bird.
STEP FIVE
Summary
STEP SIX
Consolidation
见步步高一轮复习资料p211
STEP SEVEN
Homework
Write down some knowledge and tidy them