2023届高三英语二轮复习：构词法助记单词课件（23张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2023届高三英语二轮复习：构词法助记单词课件（23张PPT） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-10-24 12:49:19 | ||
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(共23张PPT)
构词法助记单词
构词法
１ 合成
由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“－”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。如：
man-made up-to-date blackboard bedroom bus stop post office
２ 转化
由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。如：
⑴hand（n.）→hand（v.）
Let’s go hand in hand.
Please hand in your exercise books after class.
⑵ clean（adj.）→hand（v.）
Her room is clean and tidy.
She cleans her room every day.
⑶ taste（v.）→taste（n.）
It tastes good.
It has not much taste.
independence
in
depend
ence
prefix(前缀)
root (词根)
suffix(后缀)
Prefix: a group of letters that is added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning.
Suffix: a letter or a group of letters added to the end of a word to make a different word.
３ 派生
由一个词根加上前缀和（或）后缀构成另一个词。如：
⑴前缀
dis- agree 同意 disagree 不同意
cover 覆盖 discover 发现
kilo- metre 米 kilometre 千米
gramme 克 kilogramme 千克
un- fair 公平的 unfair 不公平的
limited 有限的 unlimited 无限的
⑵后缀
-able accept 接受 acceptable 可接受的
suit 合适 suitable 合适的
-tion／-ation collect 收集 collection 收集
translate 翻译 translation 翻译
-er farm 农场 farmer 农民
village 村庄 villager 村民
New Words（Ⅰ） of M7 U4
1 underground
构词法：合成 under＋ground
同义词：tube subway metro
2 commonly
构词法：common (adj.) ＋-ly
同义词：generally
3 tube
运用：on the Tube(在地铁里) by tube(乘地铁)
4 distinction
来源：distinguish (v.)
同义词：reputation difference
5 distant
来源：distance (n.)
同义词：faraway remote
运用：at∕from a distance(在远处) remote control(遥控器)
6 boundary
同义词：border frontier
7 historic
来源：history (n.)
相关词：historian
8 transport
构词法：派生 trans-＋port（n.）
trans- ①在∕到…的另一边；横贯，横穿: transatlantic
②变化： translate
相关词：transportation (n.)
9 vehicle
注意：字母h没有发音
10 choke
同义词：block
11 beneath
同义词：under below
反义词：on
12 carriage
形似词：marriage
13 comparatively
构词法：compare (v.) comparative (adj.) ＋-ly
运用：the comparative degree (比较级)
comparatively speaking (相比而言)
14 narrow
形近词：arrow sparrow
运用：a narrow mind (小心眼)
a narrow escape (九死一生)
15 section
同义词：area zone region district
运用：section manager (部门经理)
M-zone (动感地带)
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(香港特别行政区)
Macao Special Administrative Region (澳门特别行政区)
16 middle
同义词：centre
辨析：
middle指时间、空间的中心或长方形物体的中心
centre指地点的中心、球体的中心，也指兴趣的中心
⑴He sat down in the ______ of the front row.
⑵Although London is British capital, it is not in the ______of the country.
⑶I was in the ______ of reading when I had a call from her.(正在…)
⑷When he was cutting an apple he had his _____ finger cut.
17 advanced
构词法：advance (v.) ＋-ed
运用：the advanced education (高等教育)
advanced mathematics (高等数学)
advanced ideas (先进思想)
in advance (提前=beforehand)
18 accelerate
同义词（组）：speed up, promote, advance
19 pace
词组：keep pace (with…) (与…)齐头并进，跟上…
middle
center
middle
middle
20 inconvenient
构词法：派生 in-＋convenient (adj.)
21 separately
构词法：派生 separate (adj.) ＋-ly
22 acquisition
来源： acquire (v.)
23 board
形似词：broad aboard abroad
辨析：
board Ⅰ n.木板，甲板：go on board 上船（飞机、火车等）
Ⅱ vt.上（船、车、飞机）：board a train 上火车
broad adj 宽阔的
aboard Ⅰ adv.在船（飞机、车）上，上船（飞机、车）：go aboard 上船（车）
Ⅱ prep.在（船、飞机、车）上
abroad adv 在国外，到国外：go abroad 出国
24 expansion
来源：expand（v.）
25 connection
构词法：connect (v.) ＋-tion
同义词：link contact tie
26 architect
来源： architecture (n.建筑学)
27 function
构词法：转化 vi. 起作用；运转 （＝work）
n. 功能，作用
28 anti-aircraft
构词法：派生 anti-＋aircraft
anti-含“反”“抗”“阻”“排斥”之意：Anti-Japanese War 抗日战争
29 minister
运用：Minister of Education 教育部长
Prime Minister 首相，总理
administration
构词法：派生 administrate (v.) ＋-ation
运用： MBA: Master of Business Administration 工商管理硕士
31 user-friendly
构词法：派生 user (n.)＋-friendly
-friendly含“对…友好”之意：eco-friendly environment-friendly 环保的
32 anniversary
运用：
silver wedding∕ anniversary 银婚(25周年)
golden wedding∕ anniversary 金婚(50周年)
diamond wedding∕ anniversary 钻石婚(60周年)
33 effectively
构词法：派生 effect (n.) ＋-ive effective (adj.)＋-ly
运用：cause and effect 因果
in effect=in fact=actually 实际上
come into effect 生效，实行
have an effect on… 对…有影响
34 network
构词法：合成 net＋work
35 permit
同义词：allow
辨析：
allow词意较弱，含有“听任”、“默许”、“不加阻止”的意思
permit词意较强，强调“正式认可”、“批准”的意思
36 sightseeing
构词法： 派生 sightsee (v.) ＋-ing
运用：go sightseeing 去观光，去游览
归纳拓展：
go camping 去野营 do (some) shopping 购物
go sailing 去航海 do (some) reading 阅读
go shopping 去购物 do (some) sewing 做针线活
go fishing 去钓鱼
go swimming 去游泳
36 horrible
同义词：terrible
37 damp
反义词：dry
38 dozen
运用：①与数词或many, several等连用时，复数不加s：
a∕two dozen eggs 一∕两打鸡蛋
some dozen (of) people 约12个人
②dozens of 几十，大量，许多：
for dozens of years 好几十年以来
39 union
来源：unite (v.)
40 discount
构词法：派生 dis-＋count (v.)
运用：We give （a）10﹪ discount for cash.
现金付款，我们予以九折优惠。
Work in pairs and try to guess what a word means by looking at its prefix.
Prefix Example Meaning
anti- anti-cloning
dis- disappear
in- im- il- ir- incorrect impossible illegal irresponsible
against, opposed to
not , opposite of
not, without
Prefix Example Meaning
pre- preview
pro- pro-cloning
un- unfair
re rebuild
early, before
in favor of,
supporting
not, opposite of
again
Try to guess what a word means by looking at its suffix.
Suffix Examples Meaning
-able comfortable
-ful cheerful
-ist scientist
worthy of, able to be
full of, characterized by
someone who does something
Suffix Examples Meaning
-less hopeless
-ment agreement
-ness dryness
without
indicate a state or condition
indicate a state, quality or character
Work in groups of four and try to give
more prefixes and suffixes and list
several words as examples.
Discussion
Prefix Example Meaning
de-
mal-
non-
not
decompose（分解）
maltreatment, malnutrition
non-smoker, non-alcoholic, non-profit
apart, from
badly, ill
inter-
international, interaction
between
tele-
telescope, telegram, telecommunications
far
Prefix Example Meaning
trans-
transport, translate, transnational
across
mis-
misunderstand
wrong
sub-
subtitle, subway, submarine
under
over-
overeat, overwork
too much
Some other commonly used suffixes
-al
cultural, national, original
relating to
-ion
invitation, competition, protection
action or condition of…
state of being, skill
-ship
hardship, scholarship, relationship
-dom
freedom, kingdom,
condition or state of…
of the nature of…
-ish
childish, selfish
-proof
waterproof, fireproof, soundproof
against
-en
widen, sharpen, shorten
make or become
-ward
eastward, homeward, backward
in the direction of
-like
womanlike, childlike
similar to
May you succeed!
构词法助记单词
构词法
１ 合成
由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“－”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。如：
man-made up-to-date blackboard bedroom bus stop post office
２ 转化
由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。如：
⑴hand（n.）→hand（v.）
Let’s go hand in hand.
Please hand in your exercise books after class.
⑵ clean（adj.）→hand（v.）
Her room is clean and tidy.
She cleans her room every day.
⑶ taste（v.）→taste（n.）
It tastes good.
It has not much taste.
independence
in
depend
ence
prefix(前缀)
root (词根)
suffix(后缀)
Prefix: a group of letters that is added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning.
Suffix: a letter or a group of letters added to the end of a word to make a different word.
３ 派生
由一个词根加上前缀和（或）后缀构成另一个词。如：
⑴前缀
dis- agree 同意 disagree 不同意
cover 覆盖 discover 发现
kilo- metre 米 kilometre 千米
gramme 克 kilogramme 千克
un- fair 公平的 unfair 不公平的
limited 有限的 unlimited 无限的
⑵后缀
-able accept 接受 acceptable 可接受的
suit 合适 suitable 合适的
-tion／-ation collect 收集 collection 收集
translate 翻译 translation 翻译
-er farm 农场 farmer 农民
village 村庄 villager 村民
New Words（Ⅰ） of M7 U4
1 underground
构词法：合成 under＋ground
同义词：tube subway metro
2 commonly
构词法：common (adj.) ＋-ly
同义词：generally
3 tube
运用：on the Tube(在地铁里) by tube(乘地铁)
4 distinction
来源：distinguish (v.)
同义词：reputation difference
5 distant
来源：distance (n.)
同义词：faraway remote
运用：at∕from a distance(在远处) remote control(遥控器)
6 boundary
同义词：border frontier
7 historic
来源：history (n.)
相关词：historian
8 transport
构词法：派生 trans-＋port（n.）
trans- ①在∕到…的另一边；横贯，横穿: transatlantic
②变化： translate
相关词：transportation (n.)
9 vehicle
注意：字母h没有发音
10 choke
同义词：block
11 beneath
同义词：under below
反义词：on
12 carriage
形似词：marriage
13 comparatively
构词法：compare (v.) comparative (adj.) ＋-ly
运用：the comparative degree (比较级)
comparatively speaking (相比而言)
14 narrow
形近词：arrow sparrow
运用：a narrow mind (小心眼)
a narrow escape (九死一生)
15 section
同义词：area zone region district
运用：section manager (部门经理)
M-zone (动感地带)
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(香港特别行政区)
Macao Special Administrative Region (澳门特别行政区)
16 middle
同义词：centre
辨析：
middle指时间、空间的中心或长方形物体的中心
centre指地点的中心、球体的中心，也指兴趣的中心
⑴He sat down in the ______ of the front row.
⑵Although London is British capital, it is not in the ______of the country.
⑶I was in the ______ of reading when I had a call from her.(正在…)
⑷When he was cutting an apple he had his _____ finger cut.
17 advanced
构词法：advance (v.) ＋-ed
运用：the advanced education (高等教育)
advanced mathematics (高等数学)
advanced ideas (先进思想)
in advance (提前=beforehand)
18 accelerate
同义词（组）：speed up, promote, advance
19 pace
词组：keep pace (with…) (与…)齐头并进，跟上…
middle
center
middle
middle
20 inconvenient
构词法：派生 in-＋convenient (adj.)
21 separately
构词法：派生 separate (adj.) ＋-ly
22 acquisition
来源： acquire (v.)
23 board
形似词：broad aboard abroad
辨析：
board Ⅰ n.木板，甲板：go on board 上船（飞机、火车等）
Ⅱ vt.上（船、车、飞机）：board a train 上火车
broad adj 宽阔的
aboard Ⅰ adv.在船（飞机、车）上，上船（飞机、车）：go aboard 上船（车）
Ⅱ prep.在（船、飞机、车）上
abroad adv 在国外，到国外：go abroad 出国
24 expansion
来源：expand（v.）
25 connection
构词法：connect (v.) ＋-tion
同义词：link contact tie
26 architect
来源： architecture (n.建筑学)
27 function
构词法：转化 vi. 起作用；运转 （＝work）
n. 功能，作用
28 anti-aircraft
构词法：派生 anti-＋aircraft
anti-含“反”“抗”“阻”“排斥”之意：Anti-Japanese War 抗日战争
29 minister
运用：Minister of Education 教育部长
Prime Minister 首相，总理
administration
构词法：派生 administrate (v.) ＋-ation
运用： MBA: Master of Business Administration 工商管理硕士
31 user-friendly
构词法：派生 user (n.)＋-friendly
-friendly含“对…友好”之意：eco-friendly environment-friendly 环保的
32 anniversary
运用：
silver wedding∕ anniversary 银婚(25周年)
golden wedding∕ anniversary 金婚(50周年)
diamond wedding∕ anniversary 钻石婚(60周年)
33 effectively
构词法：派生 effect (n.) ＋-ive effective (adj.)＋-ly
运用：cause and effect 因果
in effect=in fact=actually 实际上
come into effect 生效，实行
have an effect on… 对…有影响
34 network
构词法：合成 net＋work
35 permit
同义词：allow
辨析：
allow词意较弱，含有“听任”、“默许”、“不加阻止”的意思
permit词意较强，强调“正式认可”、“批准”的意思
36 sightseeing
构词法： 派生 sightsee (v.) ＋-ing
运用：go sightseeing 去观光，去游览
归纳拓展：
go camping 去野营 do (some) shopping 购物
go sailing 去航海 do (some) reading 阅读
go shopping 去购物 do (some) sewing 做针线活
go fishing 去钓鱼
go swimming 去游泳
36 horrible
同义词：terrible
37 damp
反义词：dry
38 dozen
运用：①与数词或many, several等连用时，复数不加s：
a∕two dozen eggs 一∕两打鸡蛋
some dozen (of) people 约12个人
②dozens of 几十，大量，许多：
for dozens of years 好几十年以来
39 union
来源：unite (v.)
40 discount
构词法：派生 dis-＋count (v.)
运用：We give （a）10﹪ discount for cash.
现金付款，我们予以九折优惠。
Work in pairs and try to guess what a word means by looking at its prefix.
Prefix Example Meaning
anti- anti-cloning
dis- disappear
in- im- il- ir- incorrect impossible illegal irresponsible
against, opposed to
not , opposite of
not, without
Prefix Example Meaning
pre- preview
pro- pro-cloning
un- unfair
re rebuild
early, before
in favor of,
supporting
not, opposite of
again
Try to guess what a word means by looking at its suffix.
Suffix Examples Meaning
-able comfortable
-ful cheerful
-ist scientist
worthy of, able to be
full of, characterized by
someone who does something
Suffix Examples Meaning
-less hopeless
-ment agreement
-ness dryness
without
indicate a state or condition
indicate a state, quality or character
Work in groups of four and try to give
more prefixes and suffixes and list
several words as examples.
Discussion
Prefix Example Meaning
de-
mal-
non-
not
decompose（分解）
maltreatment, malnutrition
non-smoker, non-alcoholic, non-profit
apart, from
badly, ill
inter-
international, interaction
between
tele-
telescope, telegram, telecommunications
far
Prefix Example Meaning
trans-
transport, translate, transnational
across
mis-
misunderstand
wrong
sub-
subtitle, subway, submarine
under
over-
overeat, overwork
too much
Some other commonly used suffixes
-al
cultural, national, original
relating to
-ion
invitation, competition, protection
action or condition of…
state of being, skill
-ship
hardship, scholarship, relationship
-dom
freedom, kingdom,
condition or state of…
of the nature of…
-ish
childish, selfish
-proof
waterproof, fireproof, soundproof
against
-en
widen, sharpen, shorten
make or become
-ward
eastward, homeward, backward
in the direction of
-like
womanlike, childlike
similar to
May you succeed!