中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 5 Visiting the Moon
单元小结
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思维导图
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知识要点一：重点单词，短语及句式
)
【精讲精练】
要点1 leave
leave的用法
(1)作为动词，意为“离开；留下；忘了带”。
My father leaves home at 6:00 o’clock every morning. 我爸爸每天早上六点钟离开家。
Parents mustn’t leave their kids alone at home. 父母千万不可以把孩子单独留在家。
（2）拓展：
leave for sp. 意为“动身去某地”
Tom is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
汤姆明天动身去上海。
（3）注意：leave...是“离开……”的意思，而leave for...是“动身去……”的意思。
Today we’ll leave Changsha and tomorrow we’ll leave for Beijing.
今天我们将离开长沙，明天我们将动身去北京。
【思维导图】
【典例分析】
1.— Show me your homework，Dave
— Sorry，Mrs. Brown. I ________ it at home.
A．do B．forget C．take D．leave
【答案】D
【解析】此题考查动词词义辨析。do“做”；forget“忘记”；take“拿，取；花费”；leave“离开；遗忘”。根据句意“——Dave，给我看一看你的作业。——对不起，布朗女士。我________它在家里了。”可知此空表示“遗忘”。而“leave...＋介词短语”表示“把……遗忘在……”，故选D。
2. They ___________________ for Shanghai soon.
A. left B. leave C. are leaving D. leaves
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他们马上就要出发去上海。考查时态辨析。根据句中的leave为位置转移动词，通常使用进行时表达其短暂的将来，而will构成的将来时通常表达“长时间的将来。故选C。
3.一些孩子16岁就毕业离校了。
Some children_________ _________ at 16.
【答案】leave school
4.现在该离开了。
It’s time _________ _________ now.
【答案】to leave
5.他们打算明天前往伦敦。
They plan to____________ London tomorrow.
【答案】leave for
6.他们将离开南京前往上海。
They will ____________ Nanjing __________ Shanghai.
【答案】leave for
7. 你不能单独将他一个人留下。
You can’t ___________ him alone.
【答案】leave “留下”之意。
8.他将钢笔忘在教室里。
He _______ his pen _______ __________ _______.
【答案】left in the classroom. Leave sth sp. 将某事忘在某地。
要点2 be able to
①表能力，can相当于be able to，两者意思相同，都表“能，会”， can 只能用于现在时和过去时（could），但是be able to 还可用于将来时和完成时（通常不用于进行时或be going to 连用）。如：
I can run fast.=I am able to run fast. 我能跑得很快
He is / was / will be able to help you. 他能帮你的忙。
②表示过去一般性能力，用could 和was(were) able to 均可，但若表示过去特定场合的能力，则通常用was (were) able to，而不用could。如：
如：He was able to ride a bike when he was 8 years old.=He could ride a bike when he was 8 years old.
他八岁的时候就会骑自行车了。
③be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can则强调自身已具有的能力。如：
She can sing the song in English. 她能用英语唱这首歌。
④can可用于表示可能性，推测，允许等情况，而be able to通常不这样用。如：
He couldn’t be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。（推测）
You can use my pen. 你可以用我的钢笔。（允许
主要区别如下
be able to 有人称和数的变化 表示有能力, 往往指经过努力而获得的某种能力 可用于多种时态
can 无人称和数的变化 表示自身所具备的能力 只有现在式(can) 和过去式(could) 两种形式
【典例分析】
1. I am sure he will ________ pass the exam.
A. be able to B. can C. able D. could
【答案】A
【解析】be able to 和can 都是表能力，can相当于be able to，两者意思相同，都表“能，会”， can 只能用于现在时和过去时（could），但是be able to 还可用于将来时和完成时。故答案选A
2 .It’s raining heavily. I’m afraid we ______ not ______ get there on time.
A. are; able B. can; able C. are; able to D. can; able to
【答案】C
【解析】be able to 能 会。句意：天下大雨，恐怕我们不能准时到校。
3. Dad says he will be a_________ to give up smoking.
【答案】able
【解析】句意： 爸爸说他能禁烟。
要点 3 wear
辨析：wear & put on & dress
wear 作为动词，意为“穿；戴”，后接clothes、shoes、hat、glasses等词汇，强调穿戴的状态。 The little girl wears a red coat today. 小女孩儿今天穿着一件红色外套。
put on 意为“穿上”，后接表示clothes、shoes等词汇，强调穿的动作。 It’s cold outside. Put on your warm coat. 今天外面天冷，把你的厚外套穿上。
dress 意为“给……穿衣服”，其后不接衣服、鞋帽等词汇，其宾语为人。但是短语be dressed in，后可接衣服。 The little boy can dress himself now. 小男孩儿现在自己会穿衣服了。 The little girl is dressed in a red coat today.小女孩儿今天穿着一件红色外套。
【典例分析】
1.用wear put on和dress 填空
1）She often a new dress and she looks so beautiful.
2） he coat when you go out. It’s too cold today.
3）The boy is old enough to_____________ himself.
4）My sister usually ________ a white T-shirt.
【答案】1） wears 2）Put on 3）dress 4）wears
2.As a teacher, I really feel worried to see so many students ________ glasses.
A．wearing B．dressing C. putting on D．being in
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词(短语)的用法辨析。句意：作为一名老师，看到这么多学生戴眼镜我真感到很担忧。wear强调“穿、戴”的状态，其宾语是衣帽或眼镜等名词；dress意为“打扮”，其后常接人；put on强调“穿上”的动作；be in表示状态，其后接衣服或颜色。空缺处表示状态，且宾语是glasses，故选A。
3.Most British high school children ________ uniforms(校服) at school.(山东济宁)
A．wear B．dress C．put on D．dress up
【答案】A
【解析】此题用词语应用法。此题的四个选项用法各异：wear“穿着”，表示状态；dress“给……穿衣”；put on “穿上”，表示动作；dress up“乔装打扮”。根据句意“大多数英国中学生在学校穿校服。”可知学生在校穿校服表示状态，用wear。故选A。
4.The child doesn't need any help. He is old enough to ________ himself.
A. put on B. wear C. dress D. have on
【答案】C
【解析】put on“穿上”，表动作，宾语是服装；wear与have on“穿着”，表状态，宾语是服装；dress“给……穿衣”，其宾语是人。根据himself可以判断用dress。
5.He usually ______ a blue coat at school.
A. wear B. wears C. puts on D. are in
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他通常在学校穿一件蓝色外套。
考查动词辨析。A. wear穿，戴，表示穿的状态；B. wears穿，戴，wear的三单形式；C. puts on穿戴，表示穿的动作，三单形式；D. are in穿，戴，强调穿的状态；根据频度副词usually可知此句是一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，可知谓语动词使用单数，可知排除A和D；结合句意可知表示穿着的状态，可知填wears；选B。
6.完成句子
1）你能给婴儿穿衣服吗？
Can you _________the baby
【答案】dress。表示穿的动作,其宾语通常是人。
2）他穿上他的外套出门去了。
He __________ his coat and went out.
【解析】put on强调动作,其宾语通常是衣物。
3）我的祖父总是戴着眼镜。
My grandpa always___________ a pair of glasses.
【解析】wears wear意为“穿;戴”,强调“穿着/戴着”的状态,其宾语通常为服装、鞋帽、首饰、眼镜.
4)快穿上衣服，外面很冷。
____________your coat quickly, it’s cold outside.
【解析】Put on put on强调动作,其宾语通常是衣物。
5) 多穿点衣服，不要总是穿那一件外套。你还应该学会给自己穿衣服.
________ more clothes，and don't always ___________that coat. You should also learn to ____________.
【解析】Put on / wear /dress yourself.
要点4 “四朵金花”（高频考题,重点训练）
词汇 用法
spend 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： 1. spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱 2. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事
cost 主语是物或者某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法：“sth costs (sb)+金钱”,意为“某物花了（某人）多少钱”
take 后面常跟双宾语，常用于以下结构： 1. “It takes sb +时间+to do sth” 做某事花费某人多少时间。 2. “doing sth takes sb +时间” 做某事花费某人多少时间。
pay 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： 1. pay (sb) money for sth. 为...付钱（给某人） 2. pay for sth. 付....的 钱 3. pay for sb. 替某人付钱 4. pay sb. 付钱给某人。
【典例分析】
一、单项选择：
1. It ______________ me two weeks to finish reading the novel written by Guo Jingming.
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
【答案】B
【解析】句意：读完郭敬明写的这部小时花费了我两周的时间。考查易混动词用法辨别。根据人花费作主语用spend / pay，物花费作主语用take / cost，再根据短语搭配take sb some time + to dos th，判断为take；故选B。
2. The new T-shirt _______________ me fifty yuan.
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这件新的T恤衫花费了我50远。考查易混动词用法辨析。根据物作主语用take/cost；再根据短语搭配cost sb some money；判断为cost；故选D。
3.He ___________ twenty yuan for the book.
A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent
【答案】A.
【解析】主语是人(he)。并且从后面搭配用for可知答案选A。pay…for为...付钱（给某人）
4.I usually ____________ two hours on my homework every day.
A. spend B. pay C. cost D. take
【答案】A
【解析】主语是人。并且从后面搭配用on可知答案选A. spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱
5.Jack usually __________ an hour ___________ his homework.
A. takes, to do B. pays, for doing C. spends, on doing D. spends, doing
【答案】D
【解析】主语是人(Jack ) . spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事。in省略。
6.Lucy spends one hundred yuan ___________ books every month.
A. on B. in C. with D. of
【答案】A。
【解析】spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱
7.Little Tom usually spends his free time ___________ some reading at home.
A. do B. doing C. on doing D. to do
【答案】B
【解析】spend（in）doing in可省略，而不是spend 。。。on doing。注意这里学生往往弄错。故答案选B
8.It took Lucy two days ___________ drawing this beautiful picture.
A. to finish B. in finishing C. finishing D. finish
【答案】A。“It takes sb +时间+to do sth” 做某事花费某人多少时间。
9.A smile ____________ nothing, but gives much.
A. costs B. spends C. cost D. spend
【答案】A 句意：微笑无需付出，却给予很多。spend花费，Sb. spend some money/some time on/doing sth.主语是人，经常与on连用，跟动词用动名词形式；cost花费，Sth. cost sb. some money，主语是物，人和钱作其宾语。本题中a smile是物，用cost。主语A smile是单数名词，因此谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式；故本题选A项costs。
二、选择正确的“花费”的适当形式填空。
1、It ______________ me about an hour to do my homework every day.
【答案】takes
2、I ______________ an hour cleaning my office yesterday.
【答案】spent
3、This heavy coat ______________ me 500 yuan.
【答案】cost
4、I ______________ 50 yuan for the dictionary yesterday afternoon.
【答案】paid
5、I ______________ two hours on this maths problem. At last, I worked it out.
【答案】spent
三、完成句子。
1、他们花了两年建造这座大桥。
They __________ two years ___________ __________ this bridge.
【答案】spent in building
2、他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
_________ __________ them three years __________ build this road.
【答案】It took to
3、从这里走到车站花了我们半小时。
________ ________ us thirty minutes ________ _______ from here to the station.
【答案】It takes to walk
4、我花了两个小时才完成这篇作文。
It took me two hours __________ ____________ the composition.
【答案】to finish
5、我花三千元买了这部手机。
________ ________ 3,000 yuan __________ the mobile phone.
【答案】I spent on/buying 或 I paid for
要点5 such as/for example
such as意为“例如”，用来“罗列”同类人或物中的几个例子，可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，但
such as后边不能用逗号。
例如：
I have many hobbies such as reading, dancing and singing.
我有很多爱好，如读书，跳舞和唱歌。
Many of the English programs are welcome, such as Follow Me, Follow Me to Science.
其中有许多英语节目很受欢迎，例如《跟我学》《跟我学科学》。
English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.
许多国家说英语，如澳大利亚加拿大等。
拓展：
for example也意为“例如”，但是强调“举例”说明，而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语，且用逗号隔开。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。
例如：
There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.
有许多种污染方式，例如噪音就是一种污染。
Many students like playing computer games，for example，Mike.
许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏，比如迈克。
【典例分析】
1. Many students have different hobbies _________________ collecting stamps, swimming, singing.
A. for example B. such as C. as D. as examples
【答案】B
【解析】句意：许多的学生都有着不同的兴趣爱好，例如收集邮票、游泳和唱歌。考查易混短语辨析。such as……：例如，比如（列举同类事物中的几个作为例子，后接名词）；for example：例如（列举同类事物中的一个作为例子，后接一个句子）；根据句尾的动名词性质。故选B。
2. 用for example, such as或like填空
1) He studies hard. _______________, he does his homework every night.
2)The boy likes vegetables, _______________ , cabbages.
3) Mary is __________ her father.
4)He can speak four languages, ____________ Chinese and English.
5) English is spoken in many countries, _____________Australia and Canada.
【答案】1.for example 2.for example 3.like 4.such as 5.such as
3. The fruit store has many kinds of fruit, apples, bananas and mangoes.
A. like B. for example C. such as D. as well as
【答案】C
【解析】【详解】句意：水果店有很多种水果，例如苹果，香蕉和芒果。like像，如同；for example例如，such as例如，as well as而且。此处举了多个表示水果的例子，故用such as。故选C。
4.Kevin likes animals, ______ monkeys and pandas.
A. so B. so as C. such as D. such
【答案】C
【解析】句意：Kevin喜欢动物，例如猴子和熊猫。so因此，所以；so as只要；such as例如，表示举例；such如此，这样。根据句意可知，这里表示举例说明Kevin喜欢的动物，故应选C。
要点6 as….as
as much as possible 尽可能多
as...as possible 意为“尽可能……”，两个as 之间必须是形容词或副词的原级，
相当于as...as one can/could。
as+形容词（副词）+as 和。。。。程度一样
【思维导图】
【典例分析】
1.Write it _____ possible and try not to make any mistakes.
A. as careful as B. as carefully as C. more careful D. less careful
【答案】B
【解析】 as…as之间跟形容词或副词的原级。这里用副词原级。
2.We must speak English________ possible after class.
A. as many as B. as soon as C. as much as D. as more as
【答案】C
【解析】句意：课后我们必须尽可能多说英语。as…as之间跟形容词或副词的原级，more是many/much的比较级，首先排除D答案；as soon as possible尽可能快地，是从时间的角度来表达的，也不符合题意；many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，English是不可数名词，需要由much来修饰，故答案为C。
3.This dress is cheap. But it isn't as as that one.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. cheaply
【答案】A
【解析】句意：这裙子便宜，但不及哪一件便宜。as...as的中间接形容词或副词的原级，意为“像……一样；如同”。 not as/so...as（前者）不如（后者）
4.请尽快回答我的问题。
Please answer my question_________ __________ __________ __________.
【答案】as soon as you can
要点7 breathe
【思维导图】
【典例分析】
用breath 或breathe填空
1.I had no ____________to call, so I waved to him to come
2.Fish cannot ___________without water.
【答案】1.breath 名词。句意：我因呼吸急促而叫不出声，所以只好招手叫他过来
2.breathe 动词 句意：鱼没有水不能呼吸
要点8 weak
【思维导图】
【典例分析】
1.Tom is still ________ (weak) after his illness.
2. It's necessary to know your own strengths and_____________.
3.Amy spent four hours on the Maths problem. She is bad at Maths.（选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项）
A. is good at B. is weak in C. weak
【答案】1.weak Tom 病后一直很虚弱。形容词。 2. weaknesses了解你自己的优缺点很有必要。 名词。
Be weak in 在。。。做的不好（薄弱）=be bad at
要点9 so that
so that表示“以便”， 用来引导目的状语从句。相当于in order that, 从句中常用can, could, may, might等情态动词.
so……that…… / such……that……：如此……以至于……（其后连接表示结果的状语从句）
【典例分析】
1. The man is ______________ hungry _______________ he can’t say a word.
A. too ; to B. enough ; to C. so ; that D. such ; that
【答案】C句意：这个男人是如此的饥饿以至于连一句话都说不出来了。考查易混连词辨析。too……to太……而不能做某事；中间连接形容词或副词原形，后接动词原形组成动词不定式；enough to足够的……去做某事；前接形容词或副词原形后接动词原形组成动词不定式；so……that如此的……以至于……；中间连接形容词或副词原形，后接结果状语从句；such……that如此的……以至于……；中间接名词性质的短语后接结果状语从句。根据句中的hungry为形容词，结尾he can’t say a word结果状语从句。故选C。
2. You can hear ______________ much noise _____________ you can’t fall asleep at night.
A. too ; to B. enough ; to C. so ; that D. that
【答案】C句意：你能听得见如此多的噪音以至于你在夜里都睡不着觉。考查易混连词辨析。too……to太……而不能做某事；中间连接形容词或副词原形，后接动词原形组成动词不定式；enough to足够的……去做某事；前接形容词或副词原形后接动词原形组成动词不定式；so……that如此的……以至于……；中间可以连接修饰数量多少的名词短语，后接结果状语从句；such……that如此的……以至于……；中间接名词性质的短语后接结果状语从句。根据句中的much noise为修饰数量多少的名词短语，结尾的结果状语从句。故选C。
3. They trained ___________ harder than before ____________ they could win the match.
A. too ; to B. so ; that C. such ; that D. / ; so that
【答案】D 句意：他们比以前训练的更加刻苦目的是为了他们能赢得这场比赛。考查易混练习辨析。根据句尾的they could win the match是前面trained harder的目的，所有选择表示目的的连词。故选D。
4. 她说得那么快，我几乎听不清她所说的话。
She spoke ____________ fast ____________ I could ___________ hear what she said clearly.
【答案】so that hardly
5.为了让大家可以明白，他说得很慢。
He spoke slowly ________ ________ everyone ________ ________.
【答案】so that could understand
6. 我激动得睡不着。
I was ________ ________ ___________ I couldn’t fall asleep.
I was ________ ________ __________ fall asleep.
【答案】so excited that too excited to
要点10
more than的用法
There can be more than one answer.可以有不止一个答案。
more than意为“多于;超过”，其同义词为over,反义短语为 less than“少于;不到”。
He has more than/over fifty books.他有50多本书.
拓展：more than相关短语
(1) no more than (=only)仅仅，只不过
(2) not/no more than至多，不超过
(3) more .. than比…更
【典例分析】
1.我们班有三十多个人。
There are __________ ___________ thirty people in our class.
【答案】more than
2.广州有着超过两千年的悠久历史。
Guangzhou has a long history of __________ ___________ 2,000 years.
【答案】more than
3. 竹子不只是用于建筑。
Bamboo is used for__________ _________ building.
【点拨】more than. . more than 可放在名词之前，表示“不只是；不仅仅”
4.他今年50多岁。
He is _________ ___________50 years old.
【点拨】more than=over more than 可放在数词之前，意为“超过；不止；以上”
5. Li Na is ________ a sportswoman. She is also a symbol of success.
A．more than B．not more than C．no more than D．only
【点拨】A more than 可放在名词之前，表示“不只是；不仅仅”
要点11
arrive v.到达；抵达
They arrived at the school before the bell rang.在铃响之前他们到达了学校。
辨析reach, arrive和get
(1)arrive不及物动词，后接宾语时要加介词in(大地点)或at(小地点)。
I arrived in Beijing last night.我昨天晚上到达了北京。
(2)reach及物动词，后面可以直接加宾语。
Finally we reached the top of the mountain.最终我们到达了山顶。
get作“到达”讲，后接宾语时要加介词to。
When did you get to the park 你什么时候到公园的？
注意：当arrive, get后接表示地点的副词，如here, there, home等时，则不用介词，即arrive/get＋地点副词。
词语 大地点 小地点 其他副词
arrive +in +at arrive here, arrive there, arrive home
reach reach +地点 reach here, reach there, reach home
get get to+地点 get here, get there, get home
【典例分析】
1.My uncle _______ the airport at 9:00 pm yesterday.
A. arrived B. got C. reached D. appeared
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我叔叔昨天晚上9点到达机场。A. arrived是不及物动词，后接宾语时要用介词at或in；B. got是不及物动词，后接宾语时要用介词to；C. reached是及物动词，后直接接宾语；D. appeared出现。句子My uncle _______ the airport at 9:00 pm yesterday.中的the airport前，没有任何介词，因此用动词reach。语境是：我叔叔昨天晚上9点到达机场。故选C。
2. Jim has _________ China for two years.
A. been to B. come to C. arrived in D. been in
【答案】D
【解析】arrive in 到达。非延续性动词。不能于一段时间连用。
3.Susan will _______ Beijing next Monday morning.
A. reach to B. get to C. arrive at D. go
【答案】B
【解析】句意：苏珊下周一上午将到达北京。A. reach是及物动词，后直接接宾语,不需要要to；B. get是不及物动词，后接宾语时要用介词to；C. arrive是不及物动词，后接宾语时要用介词at或in；达到Beijing 用in D. go后面跟宾语要用to。句子Susan will _______ Beijing next Monday morning. 中的Beijing前，没有任何介词，因此用动词reach。语境是：苏珊下周一上午将到达北京。故选A。
要点12
易混疑问副词辨析 How long , How soon , How often , How far
how long：意为（多长时间，指自始至终时间），询问（for/since引导的时间段）
how soon：意为（多久，指从现在起之后），询问（in +时间段表示现在起之后时间）
how often：意为（多长时间一次；多久一次），询问（动作发生的频率）
how far：意为（多远距离），询问（距离、路程）
【典例分析】
1. ---______________ is the playground
---It’s about 7,000 square meters.
A. How long B. How large C. How far D. How much
【答案】B
【解析】句意：---这个操场又多大？---它是大约7000平方米。考查易混疑问副词辨析。根据how long：意为（多长时间，指自始至终时间），询问（for/since引导的时间段）;How large意为多大（提问面积）；how far：意为（多远距离），询问（距离、路程）；How much意为多少（提问不可数名词数量）；再跟句中的7000 square meters，判断为面积。故选B。
2. ---_______________ do you brush your teeth
---Twice or more a day.
A. How soon B. How far C. How long D. How often
【答案】D
【解析】句意：---你多长时间刷一次牙齿？---一天两次或更多。考查易混疑问副词辨析。根据how long：意为（多长时间，指自始至终时间），询问（for/since引导的时间段）；how soon：意为（多久，指从现在起之后），询问（in +时间段表示现在起之后时间）；how often：意为（多长时间一次；多久一次），询问（动作发生的频率）；how far：意为（多远距离），询问（距离、路程）；再根据twice or more a day为频率。故选D。
3.-___________ have you worked here
-For just one month.
A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How much
【答案】B
【解析】句意“-你在这里工作了多长时间了？-仅仅1个月”。A.多久一次（问频率）；B.多长（问时间长短和长度）；C.多久（后接一般将来时，且用in+一段时间回答）；D.多少（问数量，后接不可数名词）。根据For just one month“仅仅一个月”可知，问时间长短，用how long，故选B。
4. — are you
— I’m 16. And what about you
A. How long B. How many C. How old D. How much
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你多大了？——我16岁了。你呢？
考查特殊疑问句。How long 多长(长度、时间)；How many多少，问数量(可数名词复数)； How old多大，问年龄；How much 多少，问价钱(也可以问数量，问的是不可数名词)。根据答语可知，此处是在回答年龄，故选C。
5．— is the bike？
— Only 150 yuan.
A．How much B．How many C．How long D．How often
【答案】A
【解析】句意：—这辆自行车多少钱？——仅售150元。
A. How much 多少钱；多少，后接不可数名词；B. How many多少，后接可数名词复数；C. How long多长时间； D. How often多久一次。根据答语“Only 150 yuan. 仅售150元。”可知，上句是询问“这辆自行车多少钱 ”故选A。
6．— _______ juice do we need
—Four bottles.
A．How much B．How many C．How old D．How heavy
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——我们需要多少果汁？——四瓶。
考查疑问词短语辨析。How much多少，对不可数名词或价格提问；How many多少，后接可数名词复数；How old多大，询问年龄；How heavy多重，询问重量。juice是不可数名词，应用how much提问。故选A。
要点13
take photos拍下……的照片
【考点聚焦】1) take photos of sb./sth.给某人/某物拍照,切勿将of记成for。
2)同义短语:take pictures of....
【典例分析】
1.我们照了许多名胜古迹的照片。
We _________ _________ _________ _______places of great interest.
【答案】took many photos/pictures of.
2.Please smile. I’ll take a photo you two.
for B.to C.at D. of
【答案】D 拍下……的照片take photo of
要点14
have to意为“不得不，必须”，表示客观情况要求某人必须做某事，有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形。例如：
You don’t have to tell me this. 你不必告诉我这件事。
Do you have to do everything 什么事都得你做吗？
She doesn’t have to come this afternoon. 今天下午她不必来。
【拓展】
must与have to的辨析：
have to侧重于客观需要，含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意，有多种时态形式；否定式为don’t have to意为“不必”。
must侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事；只有现在时一种形式（在宾语从句中可以表示过去）；否定式mustn’t 意为“一定不要；不允许”。例如：
It’s raining. I have to stay at home. 正在下雨，我不得不待在家里。
口诀：“主观职责”说“必须”，must赶紧用上去；若是“环境”“不得不”，赶紧换用have to。
强调重点不同 must侧重指说话者的主观看法；have to则侧重指客观需要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意。
所用时态不同 must表示“必须”，只有现在时一种时态形式,have to有多种时态形式。
否定式的意义不同 mustn't意为“一定不要；禁止”；don't/doesn't have to意为“不必；没有必要”；相当于needn't。
【典例分析】
用have to 和must填空
1.She isn’t very well these days and she __________stay at home.
2.You ________ do your homework first.
3.We _________help each other.
4.Mother is out, so I _________ look after the shop.
【答案】1.has to 2.must 3.must 4.have to
【重点短语】
1. more than超过
2. (be)able to能够
3. have to不得不
4. so that以便
5. take photos拍照
6. as. ...as和...一样
7. that is也就是说
8. such as例如
9. too many太多
10. write down写下，记下
11. in the future在将来
12. a large amount of大量的
13. take a trip旅行
14. thousands of数千
【经典句型】
1. How far can you see on a clear night
2. There can be more than one answer.
3. Tomorrow I'll be one of the first students to travel into space.
4. The Moon is around380,000 kilometres from the Earth, so it' ll take us about four days to get there.
5. There’s no gravity in space, so we’ll all be able to float around in the spaceship.
6. We’ll have to tie ourselves to our beds so that we won t float away in our sleep
7. If we can solve some problems, we will be able to build hotels there in the future.
8.There will be hotels on the Moon in the future.
(
知识要点二：语法
)
A 一般将来时will
一般将来时由“助动词will+动词原形”构成，表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。一般将来时常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, soon, next year, in three days, in the future等。
肯定句：主语+will+动词原形+……。如：
We will visit the Moon tomorrow. 明天我们将到访月球。
“主语+will”常用缩略形式：
I will = I’ll, you will = you’ll, he will = he’ll, she will = she’ll,
it will = it’ll, we will = we’ll, they will = they’ll
否定句：主语+will + not+动词原形+……。如：
She will not come to my party. 她不会来参加我的聚会。
It will not be very hot this summer. 这个夏天将不会很热。
will not 常用其缩略形式 won’t。
一般疑问句：Will+主语+动词原形+……？如：
— Will there be less pollution in the future
将来的污染会更少吗？
— Yes, there will. 是的，会更少。
/ No, there will not. 不，不会更少。
特殊疑问句：疑问词+will+主语+动词原形+……？如：
— When will you go to Shanghai
你什么时候去上海？
— Next Monday. 下周一。
— What will you do tomorrow 你明天做什么？
— I’ll play football with my friends.
我会跟朋友一起踢足球。
B 一般将来时be going to
对于将要发生的事情，或打算、计划、决定要做的事情，都可以用“be going to+动词原形+……”的句型来表示。
肯定句：主语+be going to+动词原形+……。如：
I am going to play basketball after school.
我打算放学后打篮球。
Jim is going to take a trip this weekend.
吉姆计划这个周末去旅行。
否定句：主语+be not going to+动词原形+……。如：
I’m not going to be a doctor. 我不打算当医生。
一般疑问句：Be+主语+going to+动词原形+……？如：
— Are you going to be a teacher when you grow up
你想长大了当一名教师吗？
— Yes, I am. 是的，我想。/ No, I’m not. 不，我不想。
特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形+……？如：
How are they going to spend their holidays
假期他们准备怎么过？
— What are you going to do next Saturday
下星期六你打算干什么？
— I’m going to go swimming. 我打算去游泳。
【典例分析】
1. My sister art when she grows up because she wants to be an artist.
A. studies B. is going to study C. studied D. studying
【答案】B
【解析】句意“当我的妹妹长大后，她想学习艺术，因为她想成为艺术家”。根据when she grows up可知，用一般将来时，be going to do打算做某事，故选B。
2. your brother a magazine from the library
A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow
C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows
【答案】B
【解析】句意：你的弟弟打算从图书馆借一份杂志吗？这里是一般将来时的被动语态，其结构是will+主语+动词的原形；故选项C错误；或be+主语+going to do…的形式。主语是单数，选型A和D是错误的，故选B。
3. —Are you going to have a picnic ________
—I hope so.
A. every Sunday B. next Sunday C. last Sunday D. on Sundays
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——下星期天你要去野餐吗 ——我希望如此。
考查时间状语。A. every Sunday每周日，用于一般现在时；B. next Sunday下周日，用于一般将来时；C. last Sunday上周日，用于一般过去时；D. on Sundays每逢周日，用于一般现在时；根据“Are you going to have a picnic” 句子是一般将来时，判断空格选表示将来的时间状语，故选B。
4. Michael _______ in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year.
A. teach B. taught C. will teach D. was teaching
【答案】C
【解析】句意：Michael 明年从一月到六月将要在云南一所学校教书。C. will teach 一般将来时结构。Next year 表示将来的时间状语。
5.— I think self-driving cars will come into our life ______.
— Perhaps.
in a few years B. a few years ago C. for a few years D. after a few years
【答案】A
【解析】句意;我认为自动驾驶将会。。。 要用将来时的时间状语，B. a few years ago 几年前，过去时态 C. for a few years一段时间 D. after a few years 几年后，表示过去某个时间之后，用过去时态。in a few years 几年后，以现在为起点“将几年后。”故选A
6. We _______ the work next week.
A. finish B. going to finish C. will finish D. will finishing
【答案】C
【解析】将来时的构成，由will +v 或 be going to +V 构成。故选C
7.Mary ______ here next week.
A. isn’t work B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work
【答案】D
【解析】将来时的构成，由will +v 或 be going to +V 构成。C. isn’t going to working to要用原形。故选D
8.There ______ a football match next weekend.
A. is B. will have C. is going to be D. is going to have
【答案】C
【解析】there is/are 有 它的将来时形式there will be there is/are going to be 将有故答案C 正确。
9. My brother ______ here at 11 a.m. tomorrow.
A. be B. is C. will D. will be
【答案】D
【解析】tomorrow 明天，用将来时态。
10. Sam, ______ you ______ free this Sunday
A. will; are B. will; be C. are; be D. do; are
【答案】B
【解析】系表结构。Will be free 将有空。一般将来时的疑问句，Will + 主语+谓语。。。？
五、句子翻译。
1. 我们下周一离开广州。
【答案】We will leave Guangzhou next Monday.
2. 你明天会去看他吗？
【答案】Will you see him tomorrow
3. 他们没打算下周去野炊。
【答案】They aren’t going to have a picnic next week.
4. 汤姆下周三回来。
【答案】Tom will be back next Wednesday..
5. 你们打算什么时候去放风筝？
【答案】When are you going to fly a kite
6.他还没决定什么时候离开广州。
【答案】He hasn’t decided when he will leave Guangzhou.
7.我想知道明天我们在哪里见面。
【答案】I wonder where we will meet tomorrow.
8. 假期他们准备怎么过？
【答案】What are you going to do next Saturday
(
知识要点三：书面表达
)
话题五 谈论太空之旅
【精彩句型】
1.We will travel into space.我们将去太空旅游。
2.I’ll be one of the first students to travel into space.我将是第一批去太空旅游的学生中的其 中一人。
3.We’ll have to...because... 我们将不得不……因为……
4.We’ll have to...so that... 我们将不得不……以便……
5.I’m going to...as...as I can. 我将尽我所能……
书面表达
假设你将有一次去月球旅游的机会，请写一篇短文介绍一下你对即将到来的月球之旅的心情和计划。
提示：
1.描述你获得这次机会的心情；
2.谈谈你对月球的了解；
3.最后谈谈你在月球上的生活计划
A trip to the Moon
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【写作指导】
此篇作文以畅想去月球旅行前的心情和计划为主线，主要内容是说明心情和计划。写作内容渗透本单元的话题和语法——一般将来时。
在写作过程中要明确以下几点：
1.参考课文并进行合理想象，借鉴课文中的精彩句型，例如as...as I can, take photos, float away, without gravity等进行写作；
2.结合话题，作文中要正确使用一般将来时
【范文赏析】
I am so excited that I’ll be one of the first students to travel into space. I can’t wait. The Moon is around 380,000 kilometres from the Earth. We’ll go there by spaceship. There is no gravity on the Moon. It will be fun because we can float then. There is no air either. I’m going to walk on the Moon. So I will have to wear a spacesuit to help me breathe. I will grow some vegetables and bring some back to the Earth. I’m going to do exercises because I will get weak there. Last, I will take as many photos as I can. I am sure I will have a good time there.
interesting for them to run here and there with the beautiful lanterns.
This festival is for family reunion (团圆), so it's my favourite festival.
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Unit 5 Visiting the Moon
单元小结
(
思维导图
)
(
知识要点一：重点单词，短语及句式
)
【精讲精练】
要点1 leave
leave的用法
(1)作为动词，意为“离开；留下；忘了带”。
My father leaves home at 6:00 o’clock every morning. 我爸爸每天早上六点钟离开家。
Parents mustn’t leave their kids alone at home. 父母千万不可以把孩子单独留在家。
（2）拓展：
leave for sp. 意为“动身去某地”
Tom is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
汤姆明天动身去上海。
（3）注意：leave...是“离开……”的意思，而leave for...是“动身去……”的意思。
Today we’ll leave Changsha and tomorrow we’ll leave for Beijing.
今天我们将离开长沙，明天我们将动身去北京。
【思维导图】
【典例分析】
1.— Show me your homework，Dave
— Sorry，Mrs. Brown. I ________ it at home.
A．do B．forget C．take D．leave
2. They ___________________ for Shanghai soon.
A. left B. leave C. are leaving D. leaves
3.一些孩子16岁就毕业离校了。
Some children_________ _________ at 16.
4.现在该离开了。
It’s time _________ _________ now.
5.他们打算明天前往伦敦。
They plan to____________ London tomorrow.
6.他们将离开南京前往上海。
They will ____________ Nanjing __________ Shanghai.
7. 你不能单独将他一个人留下。
You can’t ___________ him alone.
8.他将钢笔忘在教室里。
He _______ his pen _______ __________ _______.
要点2 be able to
①表能力，can相当于be able to，两者意思相同，都表“能，会”， can 只能用于现在时和过去时（could），但是be able to 还可用于将来时和完成时（通常不用于进行时或be going to 连用）。如：
I can run fast.=I am able to run fast. 我能跑得很快
He is / was / will be able to help you. 他能帮你的忙。
②表示过去一般性能力，用could 和was(were) able to 均可，但若表示过去特定场合的能力，则通常用was (were) able to，而不用could。如：
如：He was able to ride a bike when he was 8 years old.=He could ride a bike when he was 8 years old.
他八岁的时候就会骑自行车了。
③be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can则强调自身已具有的能力。如：
She can sing the song in English. 她能用英语唱这首歌。
④can可用于表示可能性，推测，允许等情况，而be able to通常不这样用。如：
He couldn’t be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。（推测）
You can use my pen. 你可以用我的钢笔。（允许
主要区别如下
be able to 有人称和数的变化 表示有能力, 往往指经过努力而获得的某种能力 可用于多种时态
can 无人称和数的变化 表示自身所具备的能力 只有现在式(can) 和过去式(could) 两种形式
【典例分析】
1. I am sure he will ________ pass the exam.
A. be able to B. can C. able D. could
2 .It’s raining heavily. I’m afraid we ______ not ______ get there on time.
A. are; able B. can; able C. are; able to D. can; able to
3. Dad says he will be a_________ to give up smoking.
要点 3 wear
辨析：wear & put on & dress
wear 作为动词，意为“穿；戴”，后接clothes、shoes、hat、glasses等词汇，强调穿戴的状态。 The little girl wears a red coat today. 小女孩儿今天穿着一件红色外套。
put on 意为“穿上”，后接表示clothes、shoes等词汇，强调穿的动作。 It’s cold outside. Put on your warm coat. 今天外面天冷，把你的厚外套穿上。
dress 意为“给……穿衣服”，其后不接衣服、鞋帽等词汇，其宾语为人。但是短语be dressed in，后可接衣服。 The little boy can dress himself now. 小男孩儿现在自己会穿衣服了。 The little girl is dressed in a red coat today.小女孩儿今天穿着一件红色外套。
【典例分析】
1.用wear put on和dress 填空
1）She often a new dress and she looks so beautiful.
2） he coat when you go out. It’s too cold today.
3）The boy is old enough to_____________ himself.
4）My sister usually ________ a white T-shirt.
2.As a teacher, I really feel worried to see so many students ________ glasses.
A．wearing B．dressing C. putting on D．being in
3.Most British high school children ________ uniforms(校服) at school.(山东济宁)
A．wear B．dress C．put on D．dress up
4.The child doesn't need any help. He is old enough to ________ himself.
A. put on B. wear C. dress D. have on
5.He usually ______ a blue coat at school.
A. wear B. wears C. puts on D. are in
6.完成句子
1）你能给婴儿穿衣服吗？
Can you _________the baby
2）他穿上他的外套出门去了。
He __________ his coat and went out.
3）我的祖父总是戴着眼镜。
My grandpa always___________ a pair of glasses.
4)快穿上衣服，外面很冷。
____________your coat quickly, it’s cold outside.
5) 多穿点衣服，不要总是穿那一件外套。你还应该学会给自己穿衣服.
________ more clothes，and don't always ___________that coat. You should also learn to ____________.
要点4 “四朵金花”（高频考题,重点训练）
词汇 用法
spend 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： 1. spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱 2. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事
cost 主语是物或者某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法：“sth costs (sb)+金钱”,意为“某物花了（某人）多少钱”
take 后面常跟双宾语，常用于以下结构： 1. “It takes sb +时间+to do sth” 做某事花费某人多少时间。 2. “doing sth takes sb +时间” 做某事花费某人多少时间。
pay 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： 1. pay (sb) money for sth. 为...付钱（给某人） 2. pay for sth. 付....的 钱 3. pay for sb. 替某人付钱 4. pay sb. 付钱给某人。
【典例分析】
一、单项选择：
1. It ______________ me two weeks to finish reading the novel written by Guo Jingming.
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
2. The new T-shirt _______________ me fifty yuan.
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
3.He ___________ twenty yuan for the book.
A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent
4.I usually ____________ two hours on my homework every day.
A. spend B. pay C. cost D. take
5.Jack usually __________ an hour ___________ his homework.
A. takes, to do B. pays, for doing C. spends, on doing D. spends, doing
6.Lucy spends one hundred yuan ___________ books every month.
A. on B. in C. with D. of
7.Little Tom usually spends his free time ___________ some reading at home.
A. do B. doing C. on doing D. to do
8.It took Lucy two days ___________ drawing this beautiful picture.
A. to finish B. in finishing C. finishing D. finish
9.A smile ____________ nothing, but gives much.
A. costs B. spends C. cost D. spend
二、选择正确的“花费”的适当形式填空。
1、It ______________ me about an hour to do my homework every day.
2、I ______________ an hour cleaning my office yesterday.
3、This heavy coat ______________ me 500 yuan.
4、I ______________ 50 yuan for the dictionary yesterday afternoon.
5、I ______________ two hours on this maths problem. At last, I worked it out.
三、完成句子。
1、他们花了两年建造这座大桥。
They __________ two years ___________ __________ this bridge.
2、他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
_________ __________ them three years __________ build this road.
3、从这里走到车站花了我们半小时。
________ ________ us thirty minutes ________ _______ from here to the station.
4、我花了两个小时才完成这篇作文。
It took me two hours __________ ____________ the composition.
5、我花三千元买了这部手机。
________ ________ 3,000 yuan __________ the mobile phone.
要点5 such as/for example
such as意为“例如”，用来“罗列”同类人或物中的几个例子，可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，但
such as后边不能用逗号。
例如：
I have many hobbies such as reading, dancing and singing.
我有很多爱好，如读书，跳舞和唱歌。
Many of the English programs are welcome, such as Follow Me, Follow Me to Science.
其中有许多英语节目很受欢迎，例如《跟我学》《跟我学科学》。
English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.
许多国家说英语，如澳大利亚加拿大等。
拓展：
for example也意为“例如”，但是强调“举例”说明，而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语，且用逗号隔开。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。
例如：
There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.
有许多种污染方式，例如噪音就是一种污染。
Many students like playing computer games，for example，Mike.
许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏，比如迈克。
【典例分析】
1. Many students have different hobbies _________________ collecting stamps, swimming, singing.
A. for example B. such as C. as D. as examples
2. 用for example, such as或like填空
1) He studies hard. _______________, he does his homework every night.
2)The boy likes vegetables, _______________ , cabbages.
3) Mary is __________ her father.
4)He can speak four languages, ____________ Chinese and English.
5) English is spoken in many countries, _____________Australia and Canada.
3. The fruit store has many kinds of fruit, apples, bananas and mangoes.
A. like B. for example C. such as D. as well as
4.Kevin likes animals, ______ monkeys and pandas.
A. so B. so as C. such as D. such
要点6 as….as
as much as possible 尽可能多
as...as possible 意为“尽可能……”，两个as 之间必须是形容词或副词的原级，
相当于as...as one can/could。
as+形容词（副词）+as 和。。。。程度一样
【思维导图】
【典例分析】
1.Write it _____ possible and try not to make any mistakes.
A. as careful as B. as carefully as C. more careful D. less careful
2.We must speak English________ possible after class.
A. as many as B. as soon as C. as much as D. as more as
3.This dress is cheap. But it isn't as as that one.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. cheaply
4.请尽快回答我的问题。
Please answer my question_________ __________ __________ __________.
要点7 breathe
【思维导图】
【典例分析】
用breath 或breathe填空
1.I had no ____________to call, so I waved to him to come
2.Fish cannot ___________without water.
要点8 weak
【思维导图】
【典例分析】
1.Tom is still ________ (weak) after his illness.
2. It's necessary to know your own strengths and_____________.
3.Amy spent four hours on the Maths problem. She is bad at Maths.（选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项）
A. is good at B. is weak in C. weak
要点9 so that
so that表示“以便”， 用来引导目的状语从句。相当于in order that, 从句中常用can, could, may, might等情态动词.
so……that…… / such……that……：如此……以至于……（其后连接表示结果的状语从句）
【典例分析】
1. The man is ______________ hungry _______________ he can’t say a word.
A. too ; to B. enough ; to C. so ; that D. such ; that
2. You can hear ______________ much noise _____________ you can’t fall asleep at night.
A. too ; to B. enough ; to C. so ; that D. that
3. They trained ___________ harder than before ____________ they could win the match.
A. too ; to B. so ; that C. such ; that D. / ; so that
4. 她说得那么快，我几乎听不清她所说的话。
She spoke ____________ fast ____________ I could ___________ hear what she said clearly.
5.为了让大家可以明白，他说得很慢。
He spoke slowly ________ ________ everyone ________ ________.
6. 我激动得睡不着。
I was ________ ________ ___________ I couldn’t fall asleep.
I was ________ ________ __________ fall asleep.
要点10
more than的用法
There can be more than one answer.可以有不止一个答案。
more than意为“多于;超过”，其同义词为over,反义短语为 less than“少于;不到”。
He has more than/over fifty books.他有50多本书.
拓展：more than相关短语
(1) no more than (=only)仅仅，只不过
(2) not/no more than至多，不超过
(3) more .. than比…更
【典例分析】
1.我们班有三十多个人。
There are __________ ___________ thirty people in our class.
2.广州有着超过两千年的悠久历史。
Guangzhou has a long history of __________ ___________ 2,000 years.
3. 竹子不只是用于建筑。
Bamboo is used for__________ _________ building.
4.他今年50多岁。
He is _________ ___________50 years old.
5. Li Na is ________ a sportswoman. She is also a symbol of success.
A．more than B．not more than C．no more than D．only
要点11
arrive v.到达；抵达
They arrived at the school before the bell rang.在铃响之前他们到达了学校。
辨析reach, arrive和get
(1)arrive不及物动词，后接宾语时要加介词in(大地点)或at(小地点)。
I arrived in Beijing last night.我昨天晚上到达了北京。
(2)reach及物动词，后面可以直接加宾语。
Finally we reached the top of the mountain.最终我们到达了山顶。
get作“到达”讲，后接宾语时要加介词to。
When did you get to the park 你什么时候到公园的？
注意：当arrive, get后接表示地点的副词，如here, there, home等时，则不用介词，即arrive/get＋地点副词。
词语 大地点 小地点 其他副词
arrive +in +at arrive here, arrive there, arrive home
reach reach +地点 reach here, reach there, reach home
get get to+地点 get here, get there, get home
【典例分析】
1.My uncle _______ the airport at 9:00 pm yesterday.
A. arrived B. got C. reached D. appeared
2. Jim has _________ China for two years.
A. been to B. come to C. arrived in D. been in
3.Susan will _______ Beijing next Monday morning.
A. reach to B. get to C. arrive at D. go
要点12
易混疑问副词辨析 How long , How soon , How often , How far
how long：意为（多长时间，指自始至终时间），询问（for/since引导的时间段）
how soon：意为（多久，指从现在起之后），询问（in +时间段表示现在起之后时间）
how often：意为（多长时间一次；多久一次），询问（动作发生的频率）
how far：意为（多远距离），询问（距离、路程）
【典例分析】
1. ---______________ is the playground
---It’s about 7,000 square meters.
A. How long B. How large C. How far D. How much
2. ---_______________ do you brush your teeth
---Twice or more a day.
A. How soon B. How far C. How long D. How often
3.-___________ have you worked here
-For just one month.
A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How much
4. — are you
— I’m 16. And what about you
A. How long B. How many C. How old D. How much
5．— is the bike？
— Only 150 yuan.
A．How much B．How many C．How long D．How often
6．— _______ juice do we need
—Four bottles.
A．How much B．How many C．How old D．How heavy
要点13
take photos拍下……的照片
【考点聚焦】1) take photos of sb./sth.给某人/某物拍照,切勿将of记成for。
2)同义短语:take pictures of....
【典例分析】
1.我们照了许多名胜古迹的照片。
We _________ _________ _________ _______places of great interest.
2.Please smile. I’ll take a photo you two.
for B.to C.at D. of
要点14
have to意为“不得不，必须”，表示客观情况要求某人必须做某事，有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形。例如：
You don’t have to tell me this. 你不必告诉我这件事。
Do you have to do everything 什么事都得你做吗？
She doesn’t have to come this afternoon. 今天下午她不必来。
【拓展】
must与have to的辨析：
have to侧重于客观需要，含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意，有多种时态形式；否定式为don’t have to意为“不必”。
must侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事；只有现在时一种形式（在宾语从句中可以表示过去）；否定式mustn’t 意为“一定不要；不允许”。例如：
It’s raining. I have to stay at home. 正在下雨，我不得不待在家里。
口诀：“主观职责”说“必须”，must赶紧用上去；若是“环境”“不得不”，赶紧换用have to。
强调重点不同 must侧重指说话者的主观看法；have to则侧重指客观需要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意。
所用时态不同 must表示“必须”，只有现在时一种时态形式,have to有多种时态形式。
否定式的意义不同 mustn't意为“一定不要；禁止”；don't/doesn't have to意为“不必；没有必要”；相当于needn't。
【典例分析】
用have to 和must填空
1.She isn’t very well these days and she __________stay at home.
2.You ________ do your homework first.
3.We _________help each other.
4.Mother is out, so I _________ look after the shop.
【重点短语】
1. more than超过
2. (be)able to能够
3. have to不得不
4. so that以便
5. take photos拍照
6. as. ...as和...一样
7. that is也就是说
8. such as例如
9. too many太多
10. write down写下，记下
11. in the future在将来
12. a large amount of大量的
13. take a trip旅行
14. thousands of数千
【经典句型】
1. How far can you see on a clear night
2. There can be more than one answer.
3. Tomorrow I'll be one of the first students to travel into space.
4. The Moon is around380,000 kilometres from the Earth, so it' ll take us about four days to get there.
5. There’s no gravity in space, so we’ll all be able to float around in the spaceship.
6. We’ll have to tie ourselves to our beds so that we won t float away in our sleep
7. If we can solve some problems, we will be able to build hotels there in the future.
8.There will be hotels on the Moon in the future.
(
知识要点二：语法
)
A 一般将来时will
一般将来时由“助动词will+动词原形”构成，表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。一般将来时常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, soon, next year, in three days, in the future等。
肯定句：主语+will+动词原形+……。如：
We will visit the Moon tomorrow. 明天我们将到访月球。
“主语+will”常用缩略形式：
I will = I’ll, you will = you’ll, he will = he’ll, she will = she’ll,
it will = it’ll, we will = we’ll, they will = they’ll
否定句：主语+will + not+动词原形+……。如：
She will not come to my party. 她不会来参加我的聚会。
It will not be very hot this summer. 这个夏天将不会很热。
will not 常用其缩略形式 won’t。
一般疑问句：Will+主语+动词原形+……？如：
— Will there be less pollution in the future
将来的污染会更少吗？
— Yes, there will. 是的，会更少。
/ No, there will not. 不，不会更少。
特殊疑问句：疑问词+will+主语+动词原形+……？如：
— When will you go to Shanghai
你什么时候去上海？
— Next Monday. 下周一。
— What will you do tomorrow 你明天做什么？
— I’ll play football with my friends.
我会跟朋友一起踢足球。
B 一般将来时be going to
对于将要发生的事情，或打算、计划、决定要做的事情，都可以用“be going to+动词原形+……”的句型来表示。
肯定句：主语+be going to+动词原形+……。如：
I am going to play basketball after school.
我打算放学后打篮球。
Jim is going to take a trip this weekend.
吉姆计划这个周末去旅行。
否定句：主语+be not going to+动词原形+……。如：
I’m not going to be a doctor. 我不打算当医生。
一般疑问句：Be+主语+going to+动词原形+……？如：
— Are you going to be a teacher when you grow up
你想长大了当一名教师吗？
— Yes, I am. 是的，我想。/ No, I’m not. 不，我不想。
特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形+……？如：
How are they going to spend their holidays
假期他们准备怎么过？
— What are you going to do next Saturday
下星期六你打算干什么？
— I’m going to go swimming. 我打算去游泳。
【典例分析】
1. My sister art when she grows up because she wants to be an artist.
A. studies B. is going to study C. studied D. studying
2. your brother a magazine from the library
A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow
C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows
3. —Are you going to have a picnic ________
—I hope so.
A. every Sunday B. next Sunday C. last Sunday D. on Sundays
4. Michael _______ in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year.
A. teach B. taught C. will teach D. was teaching
5.— I think self-driving cars will come into our life ______.
— Perhaps.
in a few years B. a few years ago C. for a few years D. after a few years
6. We _______ the work next week.
A. finish B. going to finish C. will finish D. will finishing
7.Mary ______ here next week.
A. isn’t work B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work
8.There ______ a football match next weekend.
A. is B. will have C. is going to be D. is going to have
9. My brother ______ here at 11 a.m. tomorrow.
A. be B. is C. will D. will be
10. Sam, ______ you ______ free this Sunday
A. will; are B. will; be C. are; be D. do; are
五、句子翻译。
1. 我们下周一离开广州。
2. 你明天会去看他吗？
3. 他们没打算下周去野炊。
4. 汤姆下周三回来。
5. 你们打算什么时候去放风筝？
6.他还没决定什么时候离开广州。
7.我想知道明天我们在哪里见面。
8. 假期他们准备怎么过？
(
知识要点三：书面表达
)
话题五 谈论太空之旅
【精彩句型】
1.We will travel into space.我们将去太空旅游。
2.I’ll be one of the first students to travel into space.我将是第一批去太空旅游的学生中的其 中一人。
3.We’ll have to...because... 我们将不得不……因为……
4.We’ll have to...so that... 我们将不得不……以便……
5.I’m going to...as...as I can. 我将尽我所能……
书面表达
假设你将有一次去月球旅游的机会，请写一篇短文介绍一下你对即将到来的月球之旅的心情和计划。
提示：
1.描述你获得这次机会的心情；
2.谈谈你对月球的了解；
3.最后谈谈你在月球上的生活计划
A trip to the Moon
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