中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 6 Ancient stories
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思维导图
)单元小结
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知识要点一：重点单词，短语及句式
)
【精讲精练】
要点1 try to do
try to do sth. 意为“设法去做某事，尽量去做某事”，其否定形式为try not to do sth.。例如：
Try to get here in two hours. 尽量在两小时之内到达。
I try to answer the question.我尽力回答这个问题。
(1) try doing sth. 意为“试着做某事”，强调尝试做某事。例如：
You should try eating more vegetables. 你应当试着多吃点蔬菜。
He tried swimming across the river.他试着游过河去。
(2) try one’s best to do sth. 意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。例如：
We should try our best to finish the work on time. 我们应该尽最大努力准时完成这项工作。
We should try our best to study English well. 我们应尽我们最大努力学好英语。
【典例分析】
1.Chinese parents always try their best _____ a good education environment for their kids.
A. provide B. to provide C. providing
2.He tries ______music well, so he practices ______music every day.
A. to learn; to sing B. learning; singing C. to learn; singing D. learning; to sing
3.本学期我会尽力学好物理。
I’ll ________ __________ _________ ________ learn physics well this term.
= I’ll ___________ ___________learn physics well this term.
4.他试图去开门，但每成功。
He tries__________ the door, but doesn’t succeed.
要点2 leave
leave的用法
(1)作为动词，意为“离开；留下；忘了带”。
My father leaves home at 6:00 o’clock every morning. 我爸爸每天早上六点钟离开家。
Parents mustn’t leave their kids alone at home. 父母千万不可以把孩子单独留在家。
（2）拓展：
leave for sp. 意为“动身去某地”
Tom is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
汤姆明天动身去上海。
（3）注意：leave...是“离开……”的意思，而leave for...是“动身去……”的意思。
Today we’ll leave Changsha and tomorrow we’ll leave for Beijing.
今天我们将离开长沙，明天我们将动身去北京。
【典例分析】
1.— Show me your homework，Dave
— Sorry，Mrs. Brown. I ________ it at home.
A．do B．forget C．take D．leave
2. They ___________________ for Shanghai soon.
A. left B. leave C. are leaving D. leaves
3.一些孩子16岁就毕业离校了。
Some children_________ _________ at 16.
4.现在该离开了。
It’s time _________ _________ now.
5.他们打算明天前往伦敦。
They plan to____________ London tomorrow.
6.他们将离开南京前往上海。
They will ____________ Nanjing __________ Shanghai.
7. 你不能单独将他一个人留下。
You can’t ___________ him alone.
8.他将钢笔忘在教室里。
He _______ his pen _______ __________ _______.
要点3 by midnight
by midnight 意为“在午夜之前”。by意为“在……之前”。
by the river. 在河边。
by：① “在……的旁边”，表示位置，=near，beside 。
There is an old house by the lake. 在湖旁有一座老房子。
② “从……的旁边经过路过”，表示移动方向。
An old friend passed by me without stopping.一位老朋友从我身边经过，没有停留。
③ “不迟于，在……之前”，
You must finish the work by Friday.
④ “ 通过，用”,表示方法手段。如：
I learn English by listening to the radio. 我通过听收音机学英语。
⑤ “被，由，受”，用于被动语态。如：
The cake is eaten by the boy. 这块蛋糕被那个小男孩吃了。
【典例分析】
一、指出下列各句‘by’的用法
1)There is a house by the river.
2)An old friend passed by me without stopping.
3)You must finish this work by Friday
4)I learn English by listening to the radio.
5)The cake was eaten by that little boy
2.The children here improve their English listening and speaking every day.
A. on B. for C.by D. with
3.—Shall we go to the airport to pick up your sister
—I don't think it's necessary. She will come here taxi.
on B. for C.by D. with
4.On sunny days, my grandma often reads a novel the window.
A. for B. on C.by D. with
5. Smartphones Huawei are getting more and more popular around the world.
A. made by B. making in C.to make by D. makes in
6.You have to get home 10 o'clock.
A. with B.in C. on D.by
7. —________ did you achieve your dream
—By working hard，of course.
A．When B．Why C．How D．What
要点4 except
except prep. 意为“除……之外”，其后跟名词、代词、介词短语、that从句或what从句。 例如：
I go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.
除了周六和周日，我每天都上学。
【拓展】besides; except; except for和but的辨析：
这四个短语都有“除……之外”的意思，但具体用法不同：
besides “除……之外（还有……）”指在整体中加入一部分，表示一种累加关系，有“加上”之意。
except “除……之外（没有……）”着重强调在同类人或物中除去一个或几个人或物。表示一种排除关
系。有“减除”之意。
but 和except的用法基本相同。但着重强调整句的内容，且习惯上用于every；all; any; nothing; who等词后。
except for “除……之外”，表示整体不错，但对局部有一些否定，起部分修正作用。 例如：
We are all here except/but Tom.
除了Tom外，我们都到齐了。（不包括Tom）
She could do nothing but cry. 除了哭，她没有别的办法。
Besides milk, we need vegetables.
除了牛奶，我们还需要蔬菜。(牛奶包括在内)
He is a good man except for hot temper.
他是个好人，除了脾气暴躁。
【典例分析】
1.The suit fitted him well＿＿＿the colour was a little brighter.
A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides
2.Jane was quite alone in the world＿＿＿＿an aunt in Brazil.
A. except B. except for C. besides D. instead of
3. We go to school every day _____ Saturday and Sunday.
A. beside B. besides C. except D. except for
4.All the students went to the park yesterday _________ Eric. He had to look after his sister at home.
A. between B. except C. beside D. with
5..Everyone is here ______ Tom.
A. except B. except for C. besides D. beside
6.besides, except, except for和but 填空
1）He has nobody _____ himself to blame for that.
2）They all went to the Summer Palace _____ one.
3）Your essay is well written _____ one or two minor grammatical mistakes.
4）_____ his wife, his daughter also went to see him.
5）Smith is a good man,______ his good manners.
要点5 give up
give up意为“放弃”，give up doing sth.意为“放弃做某事”，give up后若跟动词，只能跟动名词。
【典例分析】
1．—Song Joongki is a movie star in Asia now.
—That's true. He was once an excellent skater but had to ________ skating because of an accident.
A. give up B. set up C. take up D. put up
2. Andrea Bo will never______, which makes him a successful singer.
A. takes away B. gives away C. gets up D. gives up
3 —It’s too hard for me to be a trail walker.
—Never______. Believe in yourself!
A. put up B. give up C. hurry up D. look up
4. In the song I Bet My Life, the US rock band Imagine Dragon tells people never to ______ catching their dreams.
A. give up B. give out C. give in D. give off
5.我弟弟已经决定放弃跳舞。
My brother has decided to __________ ___________ _____________.
要点6 be full of
be full of 意为“充满的”，侧重指状态。例如：
The room is full of young people. = The room is filled with young people.
房间里全是年轻人。
【拓展】
be filled with意为“装满……；充满……”，和be full of 同义，但是更侧重动作。其主动形式为：fill with，意为“把……装满”。例如：
Everything is filled with new life. 万物充满了生气。
He filled the glass with water. 他把杯子装满了水。
【典例分析】
1.—The box is too heavy to carry. What’s in it —Oh, it is _______books.
A. filled with B. covered with C. used for D. asked for
2.It is raining hard. The pool ______ water.
A.is filled of B. is full with C. is filled with D. is fulled of
3.The journey was _______ interesting experiences.
A. full of B. afraid of C. careful of D. made of
4.If you read a lot, your life will be full pleasure.
A. by B. of C. for D. with
5.正如习总书记所说：“只要我们撸起袖子加油干，中国梦就一定会实现”
As president Xi says ,“If we are ___________ energies to do everything ,China Dream is sure to come true .”
要点 7 empty
empty (adj.)空的；空闲的
(v.) 排空；倒出
1.作形容词，常用表语或定语，此时其反义词是full。
例句：He took his empty coffee cup back to the counter.
他把空咖啡杯送回到柜台。
We walked in the empty street.
我们走在空旷的街上。
2.作动词，后常接宾语，此时其反义词是fill。
例句：He emptied his tool bag.
他腾出自己的工具袋。
She emptied the box. 她倒空了箱子。
【典例分析】
1.Can you help me ______ the box and I want to use it to carry my clothes
A． empty B． emptied C． emptying D． empties
2. Ben, the fridge is ______ now. It’s time to go to the supermarket.
A. empty B. huge C. full D. fresh
要点8 huge
huge, big与large
单词 意思 例句
huge “巨大的；庞大的”，强调体积、数量超过一般标准。 The sun looks like a huge ball.
big “大的”，表示尺寸、体积等，通常只能用来修饰有形的东西，而不能用于抽象的事物。 She has nice big eyes.
large “大的；巨大的”，多指面积和范围广 Russia is the largest country in the world.
It’s really like a huge fan. 它确实像一把巨大的扇子。
The sun looks like a big ball of fire. 太阳看起来像个大火球。
China is a large and beautiful country. 中国是一个幅员辽阔而美丽
要点 9：understand
【典例分析】
1 I need your help and your ______________ (understand).
2.It is important to make others ______________(understand) you when you speak a foreign language.
3.He ______________ me just now. It’s not my fault(错误)．
要点 10：difference
【典例分析】
1.What is the ___________ between American food and Chinese food (difference).
2.The two boys are __________ in their tastes. (difference).
3.They are twins, but they look ________ (difference).
要点 11 stupid
stupid的意思是“愚蠢的、笨的”，指智力差，觉察理解力、学习能力等差。它有时可与foolish或silly通用，但其意味最强。例如：
How stupid of him to overlook such an obvious mistake!
如此明显的错误他居然都没有看出来，多么愚蠢呀！
They were stupid not to follow your advice.
他们不听你的劝告真傻。
【拓展】foolish和silly：
(1) foolish 的意思是“愚蠢的、傻的”，指显得缺乏判断力或普通常识的人或言行等。例如：
How foolish of you to consent！你竟会同意，多么愚蠢啊！
Don’t be so foolish. 别那么傻。
He is a foolish man to throw away such a chance. 他放弃这样的机会真是个傻瓜。
(2)silly的意思是“愚蠢的、傻的”，表示愚蠢到了极点，以致令人发笑或轻视，它还常常表示没有意思、无聊等意义。例如：
I could not conceive that he would do such a silly thing.
我不能想象他竟会干这种傻事。
That is a silly story. 那是一个无聊的故事。
【典例分析】
1.I made a stupid mistake. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)
A. wrong B. clever C. silly
要点12 celebrate
celebrate的用法
（1）作为动词，意为“庆祝”，后常接birthday【生日】,festival【节日】,success【成功】等词汇。
Let’s celebrate the New Year by having a big party.
让我们举办一个盛大的聚会来迎接新年吧。
（2）其名词为celebration,意为“庆祝（活动）；庆典等”。
The foreign friends enjoyed the celebration during the Spring Festival.
这些外国朋友们非常喜欢春节期间的庆祝活动。
【典例分析】
1.—What are they doing
—They are (庆祝) Christmas.
2. Emma got the first prize in the competition! Let’s have a party to _________.
A, encourage B. celebrate C. understand D. develop.
要点 13 a few（高频考题）
a few 意为“几个；少许” 相当于several，只修饰可数名词复数，表肯定含义。例如：
He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。
(1) few 意为“少数的；很少的”，只修饰可数名词，表否定含义。例如：
I can see few birds in the tree. 我几乎看不到树上有鸟。
(2) little 意为“很少；一点儿”，用于 “量；额；价值”等概念，修饰不可数名词，表否定含义。
little还表示“小的”之意。例如：
There is little milk in the cup. 杯子里没有牛奶了。
A little boy is coming. 一个小男孩过来了。
(3) a little 意为“有点儿；少量” 修饰不可数名词， 表示肯定含义。例如：
He has a little money with him. 他随身带了点儿钱。
a little也可以用作副词，修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语，表示“有点，稍稍”。例如：
He is a little tired. 他有点累了。
You should walk a little faster. 你应该走快一点。
She was only a little over fifty years old.她才五十多一点。
(4) 相关短语：
quite a few = not a few 相当多的
quite a little许多
only a little = but a little 相当少
辨析：a few & few & a little & little
a few “一些；几个”，修饰可数名词复数，表示肯定意义。 There are a few apples in the box.盒子里有几个苹果。 There are few apples in the box. 盒子里没几个苹果。
few “几个；很少”，修饰可数名词复数，表示否定意义。
a little “一点；一些”，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义。 There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。 There is little water in the glass.杯子里几乎没有水。
little “一点；很少”，修饰不可数名词，表示否定意义。
【典例分析】
一、选用few a few little a little 填空
1. Please hurry up. There is _________ time left.
2. Please don’t worry. There is still _________ time left.
3. The box is very heavy. And ___________of us can lift it.
4. There is __________ink in my pen, Please give me____________.
5. Simon makes __________ friends in his class because he is very selfish and dishonest.
6.There is _________food in the cupboard. I must go and get some.
7.The question is difficult and ____________ students can answer it.
8.The question is difficult but ____________ students can answer it.
9.You should walk __________faster.
10 There are a lot of new books, but____________ of them are easy to read.
二、单项选择
11. Mike did very well in this math exam and he made ______ mistakes in it.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
12. —Hurry up! The movie is beginning.
—Don’t worry. There is still ______ time left
A. little B. a little C. a few D. few
13.—Is your friend Michael still in Australia
—I don't know. I have ________ information about him because we haven't seen each other for _______ years.
A．a little；a few B．little；a few C．a few；a little D．few；a little
14.The man has _______ friends in this city，so he often stays at home.
A. a few B. few C. little D. a little
要点 14：secret
【典例分析】
1.I didn’t want anyone to know about it, it was my _______. (secret).
2.He wore a hidden microphone to _________ tape-record conversations. (secret).
3.They came into the city ______ (secret).
要点 13：enter
enter v. 进来；进去
The Greek army entered the city. 希腊军队进城了。
【单词解析】
enter相当于：to come or go into。既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。
Someone entered the room behind me. 有人跟着我进了房间。
Knock before you enter. 进来前先敲门。
【注意】enter表示“进来；进入”，后面不能加into。
【典例分析】
1.They entered the city quietly. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)
A. came out of B. arrived C . went into
2.They entered for the basketball game. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)
A. came out of B. arrived C. took part in
3. The cat entered ______ the house through a kitchen window.
A. in B. to C. at D. /
要点 14：punish
【典例分析】
1.I will _______ you if you do that again.（punish）
2.I have no doubt that the man is guilty and that he deserves ___________.（punish）
要点15 in the end
finally, at last, in the end
finally 表示某一动作的顺序是在最后，无感彩，用于过去时，它在句中的位置以在句首时为多
at last 往往表示经过一番努力或曲折的过程，常常带有较浓厚的感彩，也可用来表示：等候或耽误了很多时间之后才......语气比较强烈。
in the end 表示经过许多变化、困难或捉摸不定的情况后，某时才发生，有时可与finally互相换用
【典例分析】
完成句子
1.最后，后他们完成了这项工作
__________ they finished the work.
2.最后，工作完成了，他可以休息了。
_________ __________the work was done and he could rest.
3.他尝试了很多次，最后成功了
He tried several times, and ___________ _________ __________ he succeeded.
4. In the end we found his sister behind the door.（改为同义句）
_______________ ______________ we found his sister behind the door.
5. We usually have a final exam ______________________ June every year.
A. in the end of B. at the end of C. by the end of D. to the end of
要点 16
look around “环顾四周,随便看看，到处看看，考虑”
look after sb/ sth. “照顾（某人/某物），照料（某人/某物），关心（某人/某物）”
look at sb. “看(某人)，注视(某人)”。
look for sth. “寻找（某物/某事）”。
look forward to <+doing> “期待…，盼望…”。
look into sth. “调查(某事)，研究(某事)，了解(某事)”。
look like [sb.] “看起来像（某人）”。
look out of sth. “向(某物之)外看”
look out “向外看，注意，当心，小心”。
look up sth in .“查阅…在…中，查找”。
【典例分析】
1.My grandmother enjoys newspapers after dinner every day, and she often tells me something new in the world.
A. looking up B. looking for C. looking at D. looking through
2. Lily didn’t come to school yesterday because she had to ______ her sick mother at home.
A. look after B. look over C. look up D. look like
3. Would you please ______ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes
look around B. look into C. look forward to D. look through
4.—I don’t know the new word.
—It doesn’t matter, you can ________ in the dictionary.
A．look up it B．look it up C．look for it
5.—What’s the meaning of “One Belt and One Road”
—Let me _____ the words in the new dictionary.
A. look at B. look for C. look after D. look up
6.When you don’t know a word，you can________ in the dictionary．
A. look it up B. set it up C. give it up D. pick it up
7. My mother is ill in hospital. I have to ________ my grandparents at home.
A．look for B．look at C．look up D．look after
8. Here is the book. First ________ it and then tell me what you think of it.
A. look into B. look through C. look up D. look after
要点 12
have been in/ at sp. + （时间段） “某人在某地”
区别：. have gone to sp. 、have been to sp.、 have been in/ at sp
have gone to sp. “某人现在去了某地 (人未回) ”
have been to sp. + (次数) “某人曾经去过某地 (几次) (人已回)”
have been in/ at sp. + （时间段） “某人在某地(多长时间了) (人还在)”
【典例分析】
1. Mr. Wang the city of Nanjing for three days．
A．has gone to B．has gone in
C．has been in D．has been to
2.﹣Where is Mark？
﹣He__________ to the Disneyland with his children．
A．goes B．went C．has gone D．has been
3. Dad _________ to Sanya on business I miss him very much．
A．goes B．is going C．will go D．has gone
4. The Great Wall is a place of interest． All of us there before．
A．has been B．have been C．has gone D．have gone
5﹣Daniel with his cousins the shopping mall to buy drinks．
﹣Oh， that's why I can't find them now．
A．have gone to B．have been to
C．has gone to D．has been to
6.﹣Will your cousin go to Guiyang for the summer holiday？
﹣In fact， he ________ Guiyang since he graduated．
A．has gone to B．has been to
C．has been in D．went to
【重点短语】
1.将……表演出来
2.开船走了
3.一匹巨大的木马
4.拿……开玩笑；以……为笑柄
5.除……以外
6.充满
7.成功做某事
8.逐个地；逐一地
9.捉弄某人
10.最后
11.（用于命令）快；加油；加把劲
12.受到攻击
【重点句式】
They’ve left a huge wooden horse.
他们留下了一个巨大的木马。
Get some help and pull it into the city.
找些人手把它（木马）拉进城里。
3. They sang and danced around the horse, and made jokes about the stupid Greeks
他们围着木马载歌载舞，笑话那些愚蠢的希腊人。
4.By midnight, the main square was empty, except for the huge horse.
午夜时分，主广场上空无一人，除了那匹巨大的木马。
5. The horse was full of Greek soldiers!
木马里全是希腊士兵！
6. In one night, however, they succeeded in capturing it through a clever trick.
然而，一夜之间，他们利用一个妙计成功地拿下了它。
7.Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city.
自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。
8. My brother has had this bike for two years.
我哥哥的自行车买了有两年了。
9.Zhuge Liang asked his soldiers to fill 20 large boats with many straw men.
诸葛亮令士兵在二十只大船上装满稻草人。
10.Zhuge Liang’s soldiers then turned the boats around and shouted...
而后诸葛亮的士兵们调转船头并高喊……
(
知识要点二：语法
)
A 现在完成时中的since和for
现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。
1 .for+时间段。表示“有（多长）一段时间了”。如：
I have studied English for five years. 我学英语已有五年了。
2 since+时间点。表示“自从……以来”。
(1) since+过去一个时间点。如：
I have lived here since 2003. 我自从2003年以来就一直住这儿。
(2) since+时间段+ago。如：
She has stayed in Guangzhou since three months ago. 她自三个月前就一直待在广州。
(3) since+从句（一般过去时）。如：
Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city.
自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。
(4) It is+时间段+since+从句（一般过去时）。如：
It is 13 years since I began to live here. 我住这儿已有13年了。
注意：因为for, since引导的时间状语都表示持续的一段时间，所以必须和持续性动词连用，不可与短暂性动词连用。如：
我哥哥的自行车买了有两年了。
错误表达：My brother has bought this bike for two years. （buy是短暂性动词）
正确表达：My brother has had this bike for two years. （have是持续性动词）
常见的短暂性动词和与之对应的持续性表达：
(1) have arrived at / in, have got to / reached, have come / gone / moved to → have been in / at / to
(2) have come / gone back / returned → have been back
(3) have come / gone out → have been out
(4) have become → have been
（5）have joined / taken part in → have been a member of / have been in
(6) have died → have been dead
(7) have left → have been away from
(8) have finished / ended / completed → have been over
(9) have started / begun to do sth. → have done sth.
(10) have borrowed / bought → have kept / had
B 现在完成时与一般过去时
一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但要注意以下区别：
1.现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生
一直持续到现在的动作。与特征词since, for, already, yet, ever, never, so far, up to now等连用。如：
— Would you like to see the film with me 你想和我一起去看这部电影吗？
— No. I’ve seen it twice. 不了，我已看了两遍了。（过去已看过，所以现在不想看了）
2.一般过去时强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。与具体的表示过去时间的状语（如：yesterday, last night）连用。如：
I saw the film last night. 我昨晚看了那部电影。（仅是对过去事情的陈述）
【典例分析】
1.I have been in China ____ 1997.
A. since B. for C. in D. until
2. I have studied English _________ five years.
A. since B. for C. in D. until
3. I _______ my home town for a long time. I really miss it. A. went away from B. have been away from C. have left D. have gone away
4.—Have you ever ____ an amusement park
Yes, I have. I ____ Fun Times Amusement Park last year.
A. been to; have gone to B. gone to; have been to C. go to; went to D. been to; went to
二、选用for和since填空。
1．Jim has been in America _________ Monday.
2．Jill has been in America ________ three days.
3．His aunt has lived in Australia ________ 15 days.
4．Mary is in her office. She has been there __________ 7 o’clock.
5．India has been an independent country _________ 1974．
6．The bus is late. They’ve been waiting ________ 20 minutes.
7．Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _________ many years.
三、翻译句子
1.她自三个月前就一直待在广州。
2.我学英语已有五年了。
3.我哥哥的自行车买了有两年了。
4.你想和我一起去看这部电影吗？
—不了，我已看了两遍了。
5.我昨晚看了那部电影。
6. 他到上海已经三天了。
7. 布莱克先生已经死了三年了。
8.他借这本书3个月了。
9.你刚才去了哪儿了？我去了教师办公室。
10.他去了武汉，要在那儿呆一周。
(
知识要点二：语法
)
话题六 描述古代故事
假设你是特洛伊战争中的一名士兵， 多年后，你向你的家人讲述那晚发生的事情。请根据下面的内容要点，就此写一篇短文。
内容包括:
1. 我们拉木马进广场。
2. 我们在广场庆祝。
3. 希腊士兵从木马中爬出来。
4. 希腊士兵打开城门，并夺取了城市。
要求：语意连贯，条理清楚；80字左右
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 6 Ancient stories
(
思维导图
)单元小结
(
知识要点一：重点单词，短语及句式
)
【精讲精练】
要点1 try to do
try to do sth. 意为“设法去做某事，尽量去做某事”，其否定形式为try not to do sth.。例如：
Try to get here in two hours. 尽量在两小时之内到达。
I try to answer the question.我尽力回答这个问题。
(1) try doing sth. 意为“试着做某事”，强调尝试做某事。例如：
You should try eating more vegetables. 你应当试着多吃点蔬菜。
He tried swimming across the river.他试着游过河去。
(2) try one’s best to do sth. 意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。例如：
We should try our best to finish the work on time. 我们应该尽最大努力准时完成这项工作。
We should try our best to study English well. 我们应尽我们最大努力学好英语。
【典例分析】
1.Chinese parents always try their best _____ a good education environment for their kids.
A. provide B. to provide C. providing
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事。
2.He tries ______music well, so he practices ______music every day.
A. to learn; to sing B. learning; singing C. to learn; singing D. learning; to sing
【答案】C句意“他尽量把音乐学好，所以他每天都练习唱歌”。try to do尽力做，try doing sth尝试做某事。根据so he practices ______ music every day可知，他要尽力把音乐学好，排除B和D。再根据practise doing“练习做某事”可知，故选C。
3.本学期我会尽力学好物理。
I’ll ________ __________ _________ ________ learn physics well this term.
= I’ll ___________ ___________learn physics well this term.
【答案】try my best to/ try to
4.他试图去开门，但每成功。
He tries__________ the door, but doesn’t succeed.
【答案】opening
要点2 leave
leave的用法
(1)作为动词，意为“离开；留下；忘了带”。
My father leaves home at 6:00 o’clock every morning. 我爸爸每天早上六点钟离开家。
Parents mustn’t leave their kids alone at home. 父母千万不可以把孩子单独留在家。
（2）拓展：
leave for sp. 意为“动身去某地”
Tom is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
汤姆明天动身去上海。
（3）注意：leave...是“离开……”的意思，而leave for...是“动身去……”的意思。
Today we’ll leave Changsha and tomorrow we’ll leave for Beijing.
今天我们将离开长沙，明天我们将动身去北京。
【典例分析】
1.— Show me your homework，Dave
— Sorry，Mrs. Brown. I ________ it at home.
A．do B．forget C．take D．leave
【答案】D
【解析】此题考查动词词义辨析。do“做”；forget“忘记”；take“拿，取；花费”；leave“离开；遗忘”。根据句意“——Dave，给我看一看你的作业。——对不起，布朗女士。我________它在家里了。”可知此空表示“遗忘”。而“leave...＋介词短语”表示“把……遗忘在……”，故选D。
2. They ___________________ for Shanghai soon.
A. left B. leave C. are leaving D. leaves
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他们马上就要出发去上海。考查时态辨析。根据句中的leave为位置转移动词，通常使用进行时表达其短暂的将来，而will构成的将来时通常表达“长时间的将来。故选C。
3.一些孩子16岁就毕业离校了。
Some children_________ _________ at 16.
【答案】leave school
4.现在该离开了。
It’s time _________ _________ now.
【答案】to leave
5.他们打算明天前往伦敦。
They plan to____________ London tomorrow.
【答案】leave for
6.他们将离开南京前往上海。
They will ____________ Nanjing __________ Shanghai.
【答案】leave for
7. 你不能单独将他一个人留下。
You can’t ___________ him alone.
【答案】leave “留下”之意。
8.他将钢笔忘在教室里。
He _______ his pen _______ __________ _______.
【答案】left in the classroom. Leave sth sp. 将某事忘在某地。
要点3 by midnight
by midnight 意为“在午夜之前”。by意为“在……之前”。
by the river. 在河边。
by：① “在……的旁边”，表示位置，=near，beside 。
There is an old house by the lake. 在湖旁有一座老房子。
② “从……的旁边经过路过”，表示移动方向。
An old friend passed by me without stopping.一位老朋友从我身边经过，没有停留。
③ “不迟于，在……之前”，
You must finish the work by Friday.
④ “ 通过，用”,表示方法手段。如：
I learn English by listening to the radio. 我通过听收音机学英语。
⑤ “被，由，受”，用于被动语态。如：
The cake is eaten by the boy. 这块蛋糕被那个小男孩吃了。
【典例分析】
一、指出下列各句‘by’的用法
1)There is a house by the river.
【答案】by介词，在旁边=beside，near
2)An old friend passed by me without stopping.
【答案】by 介词。“从……的旁边经过路过”
3)You must finish this work by Friday
【答案】by 介词。到。。。为止
4)I learn English by listening to the radio.
【答案】by介词“ 通过，用”
5)The cake was eaten by that little boy
【答案】by “被，由，受” 用于被动语态。
2.The children here improve their English listening and speaking every day.
A. on B. for C.by D. with
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词。句意:这里的孩子们通过每天听和说来提高他们的英语水平。on意为“在……上面”;for意为“为了”;by意为“通过”,表示通过某种手段或方法,其后常接动名词;with意为“和……一起”。故选C。
3.—Shall we go to the airport to pick up your sister
—I don't think it's necessary. She will come here taxi.
on B. for C.by D. with
【答案】C
【解析】by在这里表示乘坐某种交通工具。By taxi/by train/by bike /by bus.
4.On sunny days, my grandma often reads a novel the window.
A. for B. on C.by D. with
【答案】C
【解析】by 在这里表“在。。。旁边”“在。。。附近”
5. Smartphones Huawei are getting more and more popular around the world.
A. made by B. making in C.to make by D. makes in
【答案】A
【解析】made by。By常用于被动语态中，表示“由，被”
6.You have to get home 10 o'clock.
A. with B.in C. on D.by
【答案】D
【解析】by 表示“到。。。 为止”
7. —________ did you achieve your dream
—By working hard，of course.
A．When B．Why C．How D．What
【答案】C
【解析】句意：--你怎样实现你的梦想？--当然通过努力工作。A. When什么时间；答语应该是表示时间的词或短语； B. Why 为什么；答语常用because来回答； C. How怎样，答语用by，或其他表示方式的介词短语来回答； D. Where哪里。答语是表示地点的词或介词短语。这里答语是用介词by“通过”，是表示方式的介词短语。故选C。
要点4 except
except prep. 意为“除……之外”，其后跟名词、代词、介词短语、that从句或what从句。 例如：
I go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.
除了周六和周日，我每天都上学。
【拓展】besides; except; except for和but的辨析：
这四个短语都有“除……之外”的意思，但具体用法不同：
besides “除……之外（还有……）”指在整体中加入一部分，表示一种累加关系，有“加上”之意。
except “除……之外（没有……）”着重强调在同类人或物中除去一个或几个人或物。表示一种排除关
系。有“减除”之意。
but 和except的用法基本相同。但着重强调整句的内容，且习惯上用于every；all; any; nothing; who等词后。
except for “除……之外”，表示整体不错，但对局部有一些否定，起部分修正作用。 例如：
We are all here except/but Tom.
除了Tom外，我们都到齐了。（不包括Tom）
She could do nothing but cry. 除了哭，她没有别的办法。
Besides milk, we need vegetables.
除了牛奶，我们还需要蔬菜。(牛奶包括在内)
He is a good man except for hot temper.
他是个好人，除了脾气暴躁。
【典例分析】
1.The suit fitted him well＿＿＿the colour was a little brighter.
A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides
【答案】B
【解析】except that后面接从句。
2.Jane was quite alone in the world＿＿＿＿an aunt in Brazil.
A. except B. except for C. besides D. instead of
【答案】C
【解析】本句子是考查besides和except的用法，besides表示“包含在内”；except表示“不包含在内”。except for 是指主体的细节除外，和主体不是同类，所以排除。句意：除了在巴西的一位姑妈外，简在这个世界上相当孤独。
3. We go to school every day _____ Saturday and Sunday.
A. beside B. besides C. except D. except for
【答案】C
【解析】句意：除了星期六和星期日，我们每天都上学。本句子是考查besides和except的用法，besides表示“包含在内”；except表示“不包含在内”。except for 是指主体的细节除外，和主体不是同类，所以排除。结合句意可知，这里是不包括星期六和星期天的。故选C。
4.All the students went to the park yesterday _________ Eric. He had to look after his sister at home.
A. between B. except C. beside D. with
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——昨天所有的学生都去公园了，除了Eric.，他必须在家照顾他妹妹。A. between在两者之间；B. except除了（不包含在内）；C. beside除了（包括在内，还有）；D. with和；根据He had to look after his sister at home.可知Eric.没去，其他人都去了；故选B
5..Everyone is here ______ Tom.
A. except B. except for C. besides D. beside
【答案】A
【解析】 except后接的词同整体词（主语）一般是同类,指在同类的整体中除去一个部分；except for后接的词同句子中的整体词（主语）同类的,指从整体中除去一个细节,一个方面。 besides意为“除……之外（还有）”，表示除去的部分包括在内。除了Tom 外大家都到了。
6.besides, except, except for和but 填空
1）He has nobody _____ himself to blame for that.
2）They all went to the Summer Palace _____ one.
3）Your essay is well written _____ one or two minor grammatical mistakes.
4）_____ his wife, his daughter also went to see him.
5）Smith is a good man,______ his good manners.
【答案】1.but 2.except 3.except for 4.Besides 5.besides
要点5 give up
give up意为“放弃”，give up doing sth.意为“放弃做某事”，give up后若跟动词，只能跟动名词。
【典例分析】
1．—Song Joongki is a movie star in Asia now.
—That's true. He was once an excellent skater but had to ________ skating because of an accident.
A. give up B. set up C. take up D. put up
【答案】A
【解析】考查短语辨异。A. give up放弃 B. set up建起 C. take up 从事，开始做某事 D. put up 建起，搭建，举起。句意：宋中基现在是亚洲的电影明星。-那是真的。他曾经是一名优秀的滑冰运动员，但由于一次事故而不得不放弃滑冰。根据题意选择A。
2. Andrea Bo will never______, which makes him a successful singer.
A. takes away B. gives away C. gets up D. gives up
【答案】D
【解析】give up 放弃。Give away 捐赠。 Get up 起床。
3 —It’s too hard for me to be a trail walker.
—Never______. Believe in yourself!
A. put up B. give up C. hurry up D. look up
【答案】B
【解析】 A. put up 举起。张贴。建起。 B. give up 放弃 C. hurry up 赶快， D. look up查阅。B符合题意。
4. In the song I Bet My Life, the US rock band Imagine Dragon tells people never to ______ catching their dreams.
A. give up B. give out C. give in D. give off
【答案】A.
【解析】give up 放弃。 B. give out分发 C. give in 屈服 D. give off发出。
5.我弟弟已经决定放弃跳舞。
My brother has decided to __________ ___________ _____________.
【答案】give up dancing。
要点6 be full of
be full of 意为“充满的”，侧重指状态。例如：
The room is full of young people. = The room is filled with young people.
房间里全是年轻人。
【拓展】
be filled with意为“装满……；充满……”，和be full of 同义，但是更侧重动作。其主动形式为：fill with，意为“把……装满”。例如：
Everything is filled with new life. 万物充满了生气。
He filled the glass with water. 他把杯子装满了水。
【典例分析】
1.—The box is too heavy to carry. What’s in it —Oh, it is _______books.
A. filled with B. covered with C. used for D. asked for
【答案】A. be filled with 充满。Be covered with 被覆盖。Be used for 被用来。。。 be asked for 被。。。要求。
2.It is raining hard. The pool ______ water.
A.is filled of B. is full with C. is filled with D. is fulled of
【答案】C . be full of 和be filled with 都是固定搭配。
3.The journey was _______ interesting experiences.
A. full of B. afraid of C. careful of D. made of
【答案】A句意：旅途充满了有趣的经历。
考查形容词短语意思。A项意为“充满……”，B项意为“害怕……”，C项意为“小心……”，D项意为“由……制成”。结合句意可知选A。
4.If you read a lot, your life will be full pleasure.
A. by B. of C. for D. with
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果你读了很多书，你的生活将充满乐趣。be full of充满，故选B。
5.正如习总书记所说：“只要我们撸起袖子加油干，中国梦就一定会实现”
As president Xi says ,“If we are ___________ energies to do everything ,China Dream is sure to come true .”
【答案】full of /filled with
要点 7 empty
empty (adj.)空的；空闲的
(v.) 排空；倒出
1.作形容词，常用表语或定语，此时其反义词是full。
例句：He took his empty coffee cup back to the counter.
他把空咖啡杯送回到柜台。
We walked in the empty street.
我们走在空旷的街上。
2.作动词，后常接宾语，此时其反义词是fill。
例句：He emptied his tool bag.
他腾出自己的工具袋。
She emptied the box. 她倒空了箱子。
【典例分析】
1.Can you help me ______ the box and I want to use it to carry my clothes
A． empty B． emptied C． emptying D． empties
【答案】A
【解析】
句意：我想用这个箱子来装衣服，你能帮我把箱子里的东西倒出来吗？考查固定搭配。help sb.（to）do sth.帮助某人做某事，在动词help的后面用动词不定式作宾语，动词不定式的to可以省略，结合选项可知，A选项符合题意，故答案选A。
2. Ben, the fridge is ______ now. It’s time to go to the supermarket.
A. empty B. huge C. full D. fresh
【答案】A
【解析】冰箱是空的。该去超市买点东西。A. empty 空的 B. huge 巨大的 C. full满的D. fresh新鲜的
要点8 huge
huge, big与large
单词 意思 例句
huge “巨大的；庞大的”，强调体积、数量超过一般标准。 The sun looks like a huge ball.
big “大的”，表示尺寸、体积等，通常只能用来修饰有形的东西，而不能用于抽象的事物。 She has nice big eyes.
large “大的；巨大的”，多指面积和范围广 Russia is the largest country in the world.
It’s really like a huge fan. 它确实像一把巨大的扇子。
The sun looks like a big ball of fire. 太阳看起来像个大火球。
China is a large and beautiful country. 中国是一个幅员辽阔而美丽
要点 9：understand
【典例分析】
1 I need your help and your ______________ (understand).
【解析】1.understanding 名词“明白。理解”
2.It is important to make others ______________(understand) you when you speak a foreign language.
【解析】understand句意：当你说一门外语的时候，让别人明白你说的话是很重要的
3.He ______________ me just now. It’s not my fault(错误)．
【解析】misunderstood 误解。
要点 10：difference
【典例分析】
1.What is the ___________ between American food and Chinese food (difference).
【解析】difference 不同。名词。
2.The two boys are __________ in their tastes. (difference).
【解析】different 不同的，形容词
3.They are twins, but they look ________ (difference).
【解析】different 不同的。系表结构。
要点 11 stupid
stupid的意思是“愚蠢的、笨的”，指智力差，觉察理解力、学习能力等差。它有时可与foolish或silly通用，但其意味最强。例如：
How stupid of him to overlook such an obvious mistake!
如此明显的错误他居然都没有看出来，多么愚蠢呀！
They were stupid not to follow your advice.
他们不听你的劝告真傻。
【拓展】foolish和silly：
(1) foolish 的意思是“愚蠢的、傻的”，指显得缺乏判断力或普通常识的人或言行等。例如：
How foolish of you to consent！你竟会同意，多么愚蠢啊！
Don’t be so foolish. 别那么傻。
He is a foolish man to throw away such a chance. 他放弃这样的机会真是个傻瓜。
(2)silly的意思是“愚蠢的、傻的”，表示愚蠢到了极点，以致令人发笑或轻视，它还常常表示没有意思、无聊等意义。例如：
I could not conceive that he would do such a silly thing.
我不能想象他竟会干这种傻事。
That is a silly story. 那是一个无聊的故事。
【典例分析】
1.I made a stupid mistake. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)
A. wrong B. clever C. silly
【解析】stupid 笨的，傻的。Foolish silly 是近义词。
要点12 celebrate
celebrate的用法
（1）作为动词，意为“庆祝”，后常接birthday【生日】,festival【节日】,success【成功】等词汇。
Let’s celebrate the New Year by having a big party.
让我们举办一个盛大的聚会来迎接新年吧。
（2）其名词为celebration,意为“庆祝（活动）；庆典等”。
The foreign friends enjoyed the celebration during the Spring Festival.
这些外国朋友们非常喜欢春节期间的庆祝活动。
【典例分析】
1.—What are they doing
—They are (庆祝) Christmas.
【答案】celebrating
2. Emma got the first prize in the competition! Let’s have a party to _________.
A, encourage B. celebrate C. understand D. develop.
【答案】B
【解析】 句意：Emma 在比赛得了一等奖，我们开个聚会来庆祝一下吧！
要点 13 a few（高频考题）
a few 意为“几个；少许” 相当于several，只修饰可数名词复数，表肯定含义。例如：
He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。
(1) few 意为“少数的；很少的”，只修饰可数名词，表否定含义。例如：
I can see few birds in the tree. 我几乎看不到树上有鸟。
(2) little 意为“很少；一点儿”，用于 “量；额；价值”等概念，修饰不可数名词，表否定含义。
little还表示“小的”之意。例如：
There is little milk in the cup. 杯子里没有牛奶了。
A little boy is coming. 一个小男孩过来了。
(3) a little 意为“有点儿；少量” 修饰不可数名词， 表示肯定含义。例如：
He has a little money with him. 他随身带了点儿钱。
a little也可以用作副词，修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语，表示“有点，稍稍”。例如：
He is a little tired. 他有点累了。
You should walk a little faster. 你应该走快一点。
She was only a little over fifty years old.她才五十多一点。
(4) 相关短语：
quite a few = not a few 相当多的
quite a little许多
only a little = but a little 相当少
辨析：a few & few & a little & little
a few “一些；几个”，修饰可数名词复数，表示肯定意义。 There are a few apples in the box.盒子里有几个苹果。 There are few apples in the box. 盒子里没几个苹果。
few “几个；很少”，修饰可数名词复数，表示否定意义。
a little “一点；一些”，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义。 There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。 There is little water in the glass.杯子里几乎没有水。
little “一点；很少”，修饰不可数名词，表示否定意义。
【典例分析】
一、选用few a few little a little 填空
1. Please hurry up. There is _________ time left.
【答案】little。句意：请快点。剩下的时间不多了。Time 不可数名词。little 表示：几乎没有。little符合题意。
2. Please don’t worry. There is still _________ time left.
【答案】a little 句意：请不要担心。还有一点时间。a little表示：有一点。
3. The box is very heavy. And ___________of us can lift it.
【答案】few 句意：这个箱子很重。很少有人能举起它。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
4. There is __________ink in my pen, Please give me____________.
【答案】little a little 句意：我的钢笔里没有墨水，请给我一点。
5. Simon makes __________ friends in his class because he is very selfish and dishonest.
【答案】few 句意：西蒙在班上很少交朋友，因为他非常自私和不诚实。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
6.There is _________food in the cupboard. I must go and get some.
【答案】little 句意：碗橱里几乎没有食物。我得去拿点。Little 几乎没有。符合题意。
7.The question is difficult and ____________ students can answer it.
【答案】few 句意：这个问题很难，几乎没有学生能回答。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
8.The question is difficult but ____________ students can answer it.
【答案】a few 句意：这个问题很难，但有几个学生能回答。A few 有几个。
9.You should walk __________faster.
【答案】a little. a little也可以用作副词，修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语.其它几个词都没有这种用法。
10 There are a lot of new books, but____________ of them are easy to read.
【答案】few 。有很多新书，但是没几本容易读懂。
二、单项选择
11. Mike did very well in this math exam and he made ______ mistakes in it.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
【答案】B句意：马克在数学考试中做得很好，他很少犯错误。
A. little很少；修饰不可数名词；表示否定意义；B. few很少；修饰可数名词的复数，表示否定意义；C. a little一些，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义；D. a few一些，修饰可数名词 的复数，表示肯定意义。这里mistakes是可数名词的复数，这里表示否定意义，根据题意，故选B。
12. —Hurry up! The movie is beginning.
—Don’t worry. There is still ______ time left
A. little B. a little C. a few D. few
【答案】B句意：——快点！这部电影快开始了。——不要担心。仍然有一点儿时间剩下。
little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little一点，修饰不可数名词；a few一些，修饰可数名词；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词。根据Don't worry.可知不要担心，还有一些时间，修饰不可数名词time，故用a little。故选B。
13.—Is your friend Michael still in Australia
—I don't know. I have ________ information about him because we haven't seen each other for _______ years.
A．a little；a few B．little；a few C．a few；a little D．few；a little
【答案】B
【解析】此题用题眼法和正确把握语境法解答。题眼information是不可数名词，years是可数名词，排除C和D两项；又根据句意“你的朋友Michael还在澳大利亚吗？”“我不知道，对于他我了解的信息很少，因为我们几年没见面了。”可知第一个空表示否定概念，应用little修饰；第二个空表示肯定的概念应用a few修饰。故选B。
14.The man has _______ friends in this city，so he often stays at home.
A. a few B. few C. little D. a little
【答案】B
【解析】此题用题眼法和正确把握语境法解答。根据题眼可数名词friends可排除C和D两项；又根据后半句句意“因此他经常呆在家里”可推断出：这个男人在这个城市中几乎没有朋友。故选B。
要点 14：secret
【典例分析】
1.I didn’t want anyone to know about it, it was my _______. (secret).
【解析】1.secret 秘密 名词。句意：我不想任何人知道这件事，这是我的秘密。
2.He wore a hidden microphone to _________ tape-record conversations. (secret).
【解析】Secret秘密的。形容词。句意：他身上藏了一个传声器，打算偷偷录下谈话内容。
3.They came into the city ______ (secret).
【解析】Secretly 秘密地。修饰动词用副词。
要点 13：enter
enter v. 进来；进去
The Greek army entered the city. 希腊军队进城了。
【单词解析】
enter相当于：to come or go into。既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。
Someone entered the room behind me. 有人跟着我进了房间。
Knock before you enter. 进来前先敲门。
【注意】enter表示“进来；进入”，后面不能加into。
【典例分析】
1.They entered the city quietly. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)
A. came out of B. arrived C . went into
【解析】 C enter 进入=go into
2.They entered for the basketball game. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)
A. came out of B. arrived C. took part in
【解析】C enter for 报名参加。
3. The cat entered ______ the house through a kitchen window.
A. in B. to C. at D. /
【答案】D
【解析】enter 进入=go into 不用介词。
要点 14：punish
【典例分析】
1.I will _______ you if you do that again.（punish）
【解析】1.punish 惩罚，处罚。动词。句意：如果你再做那事，我将惩罚你。
2.I have no doubt that the man is guilty and that he deserves ___________.（punish）
【解析】punishment 名词。句意：我毫不怀疑此人是罪有应得。
要点15 in the end
finally, at last, in the end
finally 表示某一动作的顺序是在最后，无感彩，用于过去时，它在句中的位置以在句首时为多
at last 往往表示经过一番努力或曲折的过程，常常带有较浓厚的感彩，也可用来表示：等候或耽误了很多时间之后才......语气比较强烈。
in the end 表示经过许多变化、困难或捉摸不定的情况后，某时才发生，有时可与finally互相换用
【典例分析】
完成句子
1.最后，后他们完成了这项工作
__________ they finished the work.
【答案】Finally
2.最后，工作完成了，他可以休息了。
_________ __________the work was done and he could rest.
【答案】At last
3.他尝试了很多次，最后成功了
He tried several times, and ___________ _________ __________ he succeeded.
【答案】In the end
4. In the end we found his sister behind the door.（改为同义句）
_______________ ______________ we found his sister behind the door.
【答案】At last 句意：最后我们在门后找到了他的妹妹。根据同义词短语：in the end最终，最后；强调时间顺序上的最后，相当于at last 或finally.
5. We usually have a final exam ______________________ June every year.
A. in the end of B. at the end of C. by the end of D. to the end of
【答案】B句意：我们通常在每一年的六月底又一次期末考试。考查易混短语辨析。根据：in the end：最终，最后；强调时间顺序上的最后，强调结果一般不与of连用。at the end：在……的末端；在……的后期；既指某一段时间的后期，也指某一地点的末端。一般与of连用。by the end：到……末时为止；强调时间概念，一般也与of连用。故选B。
要点 16
look around “环顾四周,随便看看，到处看看，考虑”
look after sb/ sth. “照顾（某人/某物），照料（某人/某物），关心（某人/某物）”
look at sb. “看(某人)，注视(某人)”。
look for sth. “寻找（某物/某事）”。
look forward to <+doing> “期待…，盼望…”。
look into sth. “调查(某事)，研究(某事)，了解(某事)”。
look like [sb.] “看起来像（某人）”。
look out of sth. “向(某物之)外看”
look out “向外看，注意，当心，小心”。
look up sth in .“查阅…在…中，查找”。
【典例分析】
1.My grandmother enjoys newspapers after dinner every day, and she often tells me something new in the world.
A. looking up B. looking for C. looking at D. looking through
【答案】D
【解析】考查短语辨析。句意:我的奶奶每天喜欢饭后读报,并且她经常给我讲世界上的新东西。look up“抬头看,查找”;look for“寻找”;look at“看”;look through“浏览,快速阅读”。故选D。
2. Lily didn’t come to school yesterday because she had to ______ her sick mother at home.
A. look after B. look over C. look up D. look like
【答案】A
【解析】莉莉昨天没来上学，因为她得在家照顾生病的母亲。A. look after 照顾
B. look over 仔细检查 C. look up查阅 D. look like看起来像。
3. Would you please ______ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes
look around B. look into C. look forward to D. look through
【答案】D
【解析】A. look around环视 B. look into 调查 C. look forward to期待 D. look through 浏览。故D符合题意。
4.—I don’t know the new word.
—It doesn’t matter, you can ________ in the dictionary.
A．look up it B．look it up C．look for it
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我不认识这个生词，没关系，你可以在字典里查一下它。
考查动词短语的辨析。look for的意思是“寻找”；look up的意思是“查字典”，跟代词时应该放在look与up的中间，因此，答案为B项。
5.—What’s the meaning of “One Belt and One Road”
—Let me _____ the words in the new dictionary.
A. look at B. look for C. look after D. look up
【答案】D
【解析】用短语辨析法解题。look at 看……；look for 寻找；look after 照顾；look up 查找。结合句意可知，“在词典中查找单词”。
6.When you don’t know a word，you can________ in the dictionary．
A. look it up B. set it up C. give it up D. pick it up
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定短语。 A. look it up查单词；B. set it up 建立；C. give it up放弃；D. pick it up 拾起；句意：当你不知道这个单词的意思时，请查个字典，故选A项。
7. My mother is ill in hospital. I have to ________ my grandparents at home.
A．look for B．look at C．look up D．look after
【答案】D
【解析】A．look for 寻找 B．look at看 C．look up 查阅 D．look after照顾。根据句意选D。
8. Here is the book. First ________ it and then tell me what you think of it.
A. look into B. look through C. look up D. look after
【答案】B
【解析】look into观察，窥视；look through浏览，温习；look up向上看，查阅；look after照顾，关心。句意：书在这里。先浏览一遍，然后告诉我你觉得怎么样。结合语境可知选B。
要点 12
have been in/ at sp. + （时间段） “某人在某地”
区别：. have gone to sp. 、have been to sp.、 have been in/ at sp
have gone to sp. “某人现在去了某地 (人未回) ”
have been to sp. + (次数) “某人曾经去过某地 (几次) (人已回)”
have been in/ at sp. + （时间段） “某人在某地(多长时间了) (人还在)”
【典例分析】
1. Mr. Wang the city of Nanjing for three days．
A．has gone to B．has gone in
C．has been in D．has been to
【答案】C
【解析】for three days是现在完成时态常用的时间状语，其结构是主语+have/has doen，四个选项都是现在完成时态．根据题干可知王先生在南京这座城市待了3天，have been to表示曾经过去某地，现在已经回来，与题意不符，直接排除．其次在现在完成时态中，如与表示一段的时间状语连用时，谓语应用延续性动词，gone是go的过去分词，短暂性动词，其对应的延续性动词是be in．
故选：C．
2.﹣Where is Mark？
﹣He__________ to the Disneyland with his children．
A．goes B．went C．has gone D．has been
【答案】C
【解析】goes是一般现在时，went是一般过去时，has gone和has been是现在完成时，has gone意思是"到某地去了"，has been意思是"去过某地"．根据句意"马克在哪里？他和他的孩子去迪斯尼乐园了"和语法可知，要用现在完成时，选项D语意不通．
故选：C．
3. Dad _________ to Sanya on business I miss him very much．
A．goes B．is going C．will go D．has gone
【答案】D
【解析】goes是一般现在时，is going是现在进行时，will go是一般将来时，has gone是现在完成时．根据后句句意"我非常想念他"和语法可知，前句为"爸爸去三亚出差了"，要用现在完成时．
故选：D．
4. The Great Wall is a place of interest． All of us there before．
A．has been B．have been C．has gone D．have gone
【答案】B
【解析】have been表示去过某地又回来了，have gone表示去了某地还没回来，根据before可知应该是去过，现在已经回来，主语是复数形式，用have．
故选：B．
5﹣Daniel with his cousins the shopping mall to buy drinks．
﹣Oh， that's why I can't find them now．
A．have gone to B．have been to
C．has gone to D．has been to
【答案】C
【解析】have been表示去过某地又回来了，have gone表示去了某地还没回来，从that's why I can't find them now，用have gone．主语是Daniel，用has．
故选：C．
6.﹣Will your cousin go to Guiyang for the summer holiday？
﹣In fact， he ________ Guiyang since he graduated．
A．has gone to B．has been to
C．has been in D．went to
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态．has gone to去了某地还没回；has been to去了某地已返回；has been in在某地；went to去，动词的过去式．根据"since he graduated"可知是现在完成时，排除D选项；根据"Guiyang"可知表达"自从毕业他就在贵阳"用has been in．故选：C．
【重点短语】
1.将……表演出来
2.开船走了
3.一匹巨大的木马
4.拿……开玩笑；以……为笑柄
5.除……以外
6.充满
7.成功做某事
8.逐个地；逐一地
9.捉弄某人
10.最后
11.（用于命令）快；加油；加把劲
12.受到攻击
【答案】1.act out 2.sail away 3.a huge wooden horse 4.make jokes about 5.except for
6.(be) full of 7.succeed in doing 9.play a trick on somebody 10.in the end
11.come on 12.be under attack
【重点句式】
They’ve left a huge wooden horse.
他们留下了一个巨大的木马。
Get some help and pull it into the city.
找些人手把它（木马）拉进城里。
3. They sang and danced around the horse, and made jokes about the stupid Greeks
他们围着木马载歌载舞，笑话那些愚蠢的希腊人。
4.By midnight, the main square was empty, except for the huge horse.
午夜时分，主广场上空无一人，除了那匹巨大的木马。
5. The horse was full of Greek soldiers!
木马里全是希腊士兵！
6. In one night, however, they succeeded in capturing it through a clever trick.
然而，一夜之间，他们利用一个妙计成功地拿下了它。
7.Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city.
自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。
8. My brother has had this bike for two years.
我哥哥的自行车买了有两年了。
9.Zhuge Liang asked his soldiers to fill 20 large boats with many straw men.
诸葛亮令士兵在二十只大船上装满稻草人。
10.Zhuge Liang’s soldiers then turned the boats around and shouted...
而后诸葛亮的士兵们调转船头并高喊……
(
知识要点二：语法
)
A 现在完成时中的since和for
现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。
1 .for+时间段。表示“有（多长）一段时间了”。如：
I have studied English for five years. 我学英语已有五年了。
2 since+时间点。表示“自从……以来”。
(1) since+过去一个时间点。如：
I have lived here since 2003. 我自从2003年以来就一直住这儿。
(2) since+时间段+ago。如：
She has stayed in Guangzhou since three months ago. 她自三个月前就一直待在广州。
(3) since+从句（一般过去时）。如：
Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city.
自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。
(4) It is+时间段+since+从句（一般过去时）。如：
It is 13 years since I began to live here. 我住这儿已有13年了。
注意：因为for, since引导的时间状语都表示持续的一段时间，所以必须和持续性动词连用，不可与短暂性动词连用。如：
我哥哥的自行车买了有两年了。
错误表达：My brother has bought this bike for two years. （buy是短暂性动词）
正确表达：My brother has had this bike for two years. （have是持续性动词）
常见的短暂性动词和与之对应的持续性表达：
(1) have arrived at / in, have got to / reached, have come / gone / moved to → have been in / at / to
(2) have come / gone back / returned → have been back
(3) have come / gone out → have been out
(4) have become → have been
（5）have joined / taken part in → have been a member of / have been in
(6) have died → have been dead
(7) have left → have been away from
(8) have finished / ended / completed → have been over
(9) have started / begun to do sth. → have done sth.
(10) have borrowed / bought → have kept / had
B 现在完成时与一般过去时
一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但要注意以下区别：
1.现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生
一直持续到现在的动作。与特征词since, for, already, yet, ever, never, so far, up to now等连用。如：
— Would you like to see the film with me 你想和我一起去看这部电影吗？
— No. I’ve seen it twice. 不了，我已看了两遍了。（过去已看过，所以现在不想看了）
2.一般过去时强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。与具体的表示过去时间的状语（如：yesterday, last night）连用。如：
I saw the film last night. 我昨晚看了那部电影。（仅是对过去事情的陈述）
【典例分析】
1.I have been in China ____ 1997.
A. since B. for C. in D. until
【解析】A
【答案】现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。since+时间点。表示“自从……以来”。(1) since+过去一个时间点。如；第一题：答案选A （ 2) since+从句（一般过去时）如：Mr. Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city.
自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。
2. I have studied English _________ five years.
A. since B. for C. in D. until
【解析】 B
【答案】现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。for+时间段。表示“有（多长）一段时间了”
3. I _______ my home town for a long time. I really miss it. A. went away from B. have been away from C. have left D. have gone away
【答案】B
【解析】因为for, since引导的时间状语都表示持续的一段时间，所以必须和持续性动词连用，不可与短暂性动词连用。如：我哥哥的自行车买了有两年了。
错误表达：My brother has bought this bike for two years. （buy是短暂性动词）
正确表达：My brother has had this bike for two years. （have是持续性动词）
4.—Have you ever ____ an amusement park
Yes, I have. I ____ Fun Times Amusement Park last year.
A. been to; have gone to B. gone to; have been to C. go to; went to D. been to; went to
【答案】D
【解析】have been to 去过某地。（已回，在说话的地方） C. have gone to去了某地（不在说话的地方）
现在完成时表示“过去的动作对现在的结果或影响。”动作虽然发生在过去但是与现在有关联，强调的是现在的结果或影响，它的落点在说现在的事情。而一般过去式只“单纯提及曾经发生过某事”与现在无联系。因此现在完成时态不可以与具体的过去时间状语连用。如：yesterday 3 days ago last week等，本句：第一空用;have been to 第二空用一般过去式，last year不可以与现在完成时连用。
二、选用for和since填空。
1．Jim has been in America _________ Monday.
2．Jill has been in America ________ three days.
3．His aunt has lived in Australia ________ 15 days.
4．Mary is in her office. She has been there __________ 7 o’clock.
5．India has been an independent country _________ 1974．
6．The bus is late. They’ve been waiting ________ 20 minutes.
7．Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _________ many years.
【答案】注意：for 接时间段，而since 接时间点或从句。1.since 2.for 3.for 4. Since 5.since 6.for 7.for
三、翻译句子
1.她自三个月前就一直待在广州。
【答案】She has stayed in Guangzhou since three months ago.
2.我学英语已有五年了。
【答案】I have studied English for five years.
3.我哥哥的自行车买了有两年了。
【答案】My brother has had this bike for two years.
4.你想和我一起去看这部电影吗？
—不了，我已看了两遍了。
【答案】— Would you like to see the film with me
— No. I’ve seen it twice.
5.我昨晚看了那部电影。
【答案】I saw the film last night.
6. 他到上海已经三天了。
【答案】He has been in Shanghai for 3 days.
7. 布莱克先生已经死了三年了。
【答案】Mr. Black has been dead for 3 years.
8.他借这本书3个月了。
【答案】He has kept the book for 3 months.
9.你刚才去了哪儿了？我去了教师办公室。
【答案】Where have you been I have been to the teachers’ office.
10.他去了武汉，要在那儿呆一周。
【答案】He has gone to Wuhan and will stay there for a week.
(
知识要点二：语法
)
话题六 描述古代故事
假设你是特洛伊战争中的一名士兵， 多年后，你向你的家人讲述那晚发生的事情。请根据下面的内容要点，就此写一篇短文。
内容包括:
1. 我们拉木马进广场。
2. 我们在广场庆祝。
3. 希腊士兵从木马中爬出来。
4. 希腊士兵打开城门，并夺取了城市。
要求：语意连贯，条理清楚；80字左右
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【写作指导】
此篇作文以特洛伊战争为主线，主要谈论特洛伊战争的经历。写作内容渗透着本单元的话题和语言目标——谈论特洛伊战争的经历。
在写作过程中要明确以下几点：
1. 主要用一般过去时态。
2. 用第一人称和第三人称。
3. 要适当使用连接词，使行文连贯、流畅。
【范文赏析】
The Greeks left a huge wooden horse outside our main gate. We made a big mistake. We pulled it into the square and celebrated at night. After the party, we locked all the gates of the city and went to sleep. We didn't know that the huge wooden horse was full of Greek soldiers. They climbed out of the horse one by one secretly. Then, they opened the main gates of the city and the Greek army entered the city. In one night, they succeeded in capturing the city through a clever trick.
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