外研版 必修五 Module 1 British and American English Function & Writing 课件（62张PPT）

(共62张PPT)
Book 5
Module 1
British and American English
Page 7~8
Function & Writing
Function 1: Underline the words which introduce reasons.
1. I like Leeds because there’s more going on here than back home in the States.
2. Since English is spoken all over the world, there are lots of varieties.
3. As I was the only British person in the school, they made a fuss of me.
4. I’m getting on just fine, now that I understand the local accent.
a Which word do we use more often to introduce a reason
b Which expression shows that a situation has changed
c Which two words often come at the beginning of a sentence
Because
Now that
Since and as
Answer the questions in Function 1 on Page 7.
because, as, for, since, now that表示“原因”时的区别:
◆because, as, for, since, now (that)这几个词都是表示“原因”的连词，语气由强至弱依次为：
because →since →now (that) →as →for
其中because, since, as, now (that)均为从属连词，引导原因状语从句；而for是并列连词，引导并列句。
Explaining
1. because表直接的或听话人不知道的原因, 语气最强,
常用来回答why的提问或用于强调句中; 其前可以加
only /just /simply /mainly /chiefly /partly /not等加强语
气; because从句一般放在主句之后, 与主句之间可用逗
号隔开，也可以不用逗号。简略回答时可以单独使用。
注意下面句子的正确理解：
She is not marrying Bill, because he is poor.
She is not marrying Bill because he is rich.
她不会和Bill结婚，因为他很穷。
◆逗号隔开，否定主句。
她不会因为Bill富有而嫁给他。
◆无逗号隔开，否定从句。
2. since /now (that) /as引导的原因状语从句，着重点在
于主句, 原因只是附带说明, 表示已知的、显而易见的
理由, 语气比 because 弱；since /now (that) 通常译为
“既然”， 一般置于主句之前, 表示一种很勉强的理由；
as通常译为“由于；鉴于”, 比较口语化，位置较灵活。
(1) Since he asks you, you'll tell him why.
(2) Now that you have come, you may as well stay.
(3)We all like her as she is kind.
(4)As I had a cold, I was absent from school.
Explaining
3. for表示原因，是并列连词。它所表示的原因
用来做附加的说明，为前面的事实或推测提
供一种逻辑推断的理由, 且for分句不可置于句
首。如：
1) The days are short, for it is now December.
2) It must have broken, for the birds are
singing.
4. seeing (that), considering (that), in that 等也可以引导原因状语从句。
既然他没有经验，他就不合适这项工作。
Seeing (that) he is inexperienced, he is not fit for the work.
考虑到这个时间交通很拥挤，我们只好再呆一会儿。
Considering (that) the traffic is heavy this time of day, we will have to wait a little longer.
我喜欢这座城市，但我更喜欢乡村，因为那里有更清新的空气。
I like the city, but I prefer the country in that there is fresher air.
拓展：
summary: Giving reasons(原因状语从句)
Differences :
语气由强到弱：because （用来回答Why 的提问）>since>now that>as。
Because多放于句中。
since常置于句首或句中 ，译为“既然，由于”
Now that通常置于句首，译为“既然，由于”
as 通常位于句首和句中。
Complete the sentences with because, since /as or now that. (Function 2 on Page 7)
1. It is useful to learn English ___________ it is spoken all over the world.
2. _________ they see lots of American films, the British are used to American accents.
3. Americans like the British accent _______ they think it is cute.
4. It’s easier to compare British and American English ________ we have the Internet.
because /as
As /Since
because
now that
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
1. It was since she was seriously ill that she didn’t come
to school yesterday.
2. He must be ill, because he is absent today.
3. Now that the weather is so bad, so we have to delay our
journey.
4. The reason for his being late is because his car broke
down on the half way.
5. I like the place in which the air there is very fresh.
6. I did it only for I like it.
7. You can't go there because of you are not old enough.
because
for
that
that 或删掉there
because
Speaking and writing: Read the notes in part 1 and work in groups to decide which is the best variety of English to learn.
The Great Debate----Which English
British English
The “original” variety of the
language
The language of Shakespeare and
other great writers
The BBC and many international
newspapers use it
The Great Debate----Which English
American English
Most native speakers of English
use an American variety.
The variety most used in
international business
Most English language films are
American.
The Great Debate----Which English
World English
neither American nor British
English doesn’t belong to one
group of people.
Accent is not important if people
understand each other.
We need to communicate with
non-native speakers as well as
native speakers.
Debate
1. Which do you think is the best
variety of English to learn,
British English, American
English or World English
2. Add some more ideas in favour
of your chosen variety.
Discussing
Presenting
Show Yourself!
Which do you think is the best variety of English to learn, British English, American English or World English Why
Homework
今天我们班就“Which is the Best Variety of English to earn ”展开了一场激烈的辩论，请根据下面提示，用英语写一篇短文，报告这次辩论的结果。字数：120词左右。
1. 有些同学认为英式英语是要学习的最好的英语变体，
因为......
2. 有些同学认为美式英语是要学习的最好的英语变体，
因为......
3. 有些同学认为世界英语是要学习的最好的英语变体，
因为......
4. 你的观点......
Tips for Writing
如何写观点看法类文章？
1. 观点看法类文章通常采用一般现在时来写。
2. 写作模式一般为：
提出问题—— 介绍不同的观点——对不同观
点的论据进行陈述——结尾加上自己的观点
并阐明理由。
3. 写此类作文时要注意观点鲜明，立场明确，
在对立的两种观点中，只能同意其中一种观
点，切不可模棱两可。
4. 尽量使用不同的句式或表达阐述不同的观点。
【常用表达】
◆引出不同观点的表达：
1. Different people have different opinions /
views on this question.
2. People’s views on it (People’s attitudes
toward it) vary from person to person.
3. When it comes to ..., people have / take
different attitudes towards it / different
people hold different attitudes towards it.
◆引出对立观点的表达：
1. Some people believe that ..., while others argue that ...
2. Some hold that... However, others believe that ...
3. On the contrary, others hold a different view.
4. However, every coin has two sides.
5. on the other hand, people object that ...
◆陈述自己的观点的表达：
1. In my view /opinion, ...
2. As /So far as I’m concerned, I agree with ...
3. As for me, ...
4. Personally, ...
The Origin of Chinese
What is Chinese
Varieties of Chinese
Read the paragraph in Part 3. Decide which is the best title.
Thinking
Try to find information about Chinese and prepare a report to introduce the following three aspects of Chinese.
1. The writing system
2. Varieties of Chinese
3. The language today
Thinking
写作的参考资料
汉语的书写体系(The Writing System):
汉语的书写系统目前有繁体和简体两种。前者用于台湾、港澳和北美的华人圈中，后者用于中国大陆和新加坡以及东南亚的华人社区。通常说来，两种汉字书写系统虽然有差异，但并不影响沟通。汉字有5万多，但大多数人只认识其中大概2万多。我们目前多使用普通话，普通话被认为是一种更加正式的语言，使用于庄重的场合，是政府工作用语和学校教学用语。
Explaining
汉语的种类(Varieties of Chinese):
主要有八大语系。这些是有地域性的，称为方言(dialects)，彼此在发音方面的差异非常大。还有一种划分方法是分为两大类：文言文和白话文。五四运动之前所使用的书面语叫做“文言”，是一种以孔子时代所使用的以“雅言”为基础的书面语。五四运动之后所推动的书面汉语通常被称为“白话”，即以北方话为基础的现代书面语。在现代汉语的书面语中，文言已经很少使用了。
Explaining
汉语的今天(the Chinese Language Today):
1958年入学儿童学习汉语拼音，目的在于帮助每个人学会使用普通话，学会汉字。50年代时期，中华人民共和国政府为普及教育，提出了简化字。作为文化的载体，未来汉字的发展，可能是任何人也难以预料的。
Explaining
Explaining
Write brief notes on each topic.
1. The Writing System
2. Varieties of Chinese
3. The Language Today
About 5000 characters/most people know about 2000/ most characters have elements of meaning and information about pronunciation
8 main varieties / dialects/ Wenyan and Baihua / Putonghua—simplified Chinese
Pinyin, a writing system since 1958 / help to use Putonghua
Write three more paragraphs about the Chinese
language according to the brief notes, using the topics as paragraph headings.
1. The Writing System
2. Varieties of Chinese
3. The Language Today
Example:
1. The Writing System
There are about 50,000 characters in Written Chinese, however, most people only know about 20,000 of these. Most of these characters have elements of meaning and information about pronunciation. The most widely used system of writing is Putonghua, which became the medium of instruction in all school in 1956, and almost all Publications made are using it.
2. Varieties of Chinese
There are 8 main varieties of Chinese. These
are regional, and are often called dialects,
although they are very different from each
other in pronunciation. There is also another
classification, however, which gives two
varieties: Wenyan and Baihua. Wenyan, an
ancient literary closely similar to the language
spoken in Beijing, has been developed since the
late of 1950s. Its development has had the aim
of simplifying Chinese.
3. The Language Today
Pinyin is a 58-symbol writing system which has been used since 1958. It has the aims of helping everyone to use Putonghua, and to learn the Chinese characters. In the 1970s a new map of Chinese was printed which standardized the place names of every town, city and village.
Part 7
Page 9
Cultural Corner
The Man Who Made Spelling Simple
Abraham Lincoln
Kobe Bryant
Steve Jobs

the man who changed the world by Apple
the man who is one of the best basketball players
the man who led the United States through its Civil War

The Man
Who Made Spelling Simple
Noah Webster
[ eneu ]
/
Reading
2.Find out some examples from the text of how he
simplified the spelling
1.Why did Noah Webster simplify English spelling
to make sth easier to do or understand
Noah Webster felt that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive “American” look.
having a special quality
that is different and easy to recognize
center instead of centre , program instead of
programme ,and flavor instead of flavour
3.Can you see any similarities between Webster’s work and attempts to simplify Chinese
The work of simplifying Chinese has made it convenient for people to read, understand and use the Chinese language. So has Webster’s work for American people.
Yale University (1778)
teacher
the American War of Independence
the Elementary Spelling Book
1758 – 1843
American Dictionary of the English Language
Detail Reading
Reaction
the British
criticize
praise
the American
vs
Critical Thinking
Why did Noah Webster feel that written English in the newly independent U.S. should have a distinctive “American” look
Distinctive “American” Look
Distinctive “Chinese” Look
Guess the meaning of the underlined words.
1. In English the spelling of words does not always
represent the sound.
2. ... he felt that written English in the newly independent
United States should have a distinctive “American”
look.
3. His first book suggested simplifying the spelling of
English words.
4. By the 1850s, it is selling one million copies a year,
making it one of the most popular school books ever.
5. Many of the suggestions were quickly adopted.
6. Others, however, such as removing silent letters like the
s in island ... were not.
代表(=stand for)
外观; 外表; 样子
简化(=make simple)
空前;有史以来(=of all time)
采纳
不发音的
考纲词汇扫描
I. Learn the following words by heart.
1. rapidly adv.
2. announce vt.
→ n.
3. edition n.
→ vt.
→ n. (sb.)
4. add vt.
→ n.
→ adj.
= very quickly (迅速地)
宣布；宣告；声明；通知；广播
announcement (声明；宣告；通知)
(广播、电视节目、报刊、杂志等的)期；版
edit (编辑；校订)
editor (报刊、杂志等的)主编；编辑
加；增加
addition (添加；加法；增加物)
additional (附加的；额外的)
5. present n.
adj.
vt.
→ n.
6. attempt n.
v.
→ adj.
礼物；赠品；现在；目前
出席的；在场的；在座的 (后置定语)
现在的；目前的 (前置定语)
陈述；提出(观点、计划等)；
赠送；赠予；给予；授予；呈献
递交；提交；提供
正式引见；介绍；展示；呈现
presentation (陈述；描述；介绍；颁发；出示)
努力；尝试；企图；试图
试图；尝试；企图
attempted (犯罪或非法行为)未遂的；企图的
6. simple adj.
→ adv.
→ v.
→ adj.
→ n.
7. combination n.
→ v.
8. look vi. link-v.
n.
9. standard adj. n.
→ v.
10. refer v.
→ n.
简单的；简易的；简朴的；单纯的
simply (仅仅；只是；简单地；朴素地；简直)
simplify (使简易；使简单；简化
simplified (简化了的)
simplification (简化；单纯化)
组合；结合；联合；合并；团体；联盟
combine 使联合；结合；化合；合并
看；瞧；注视
看；脸色；神态；(常用复数)外观；外表；样子
标准的 标准；水准；规格
standardise ( 使标准化)
参考；涉及；提到；查阅
reference (参考；参照；查阅；介绍信；推荐信)
显得；好像；看上去
Useful Phrases
Translate the following phrases.
1. 对......有影响
2. on the air
in the air
by air
3. 发表声明；出通知
4. later on
5. 对某事发表看法
6. 进展顺利；相处融洽
have an effect /influence on ...
试比较：affect v. (坏的)影响
在广播；在播出
在空中；在空气中；流传；未确定的
乘飞机；通过航空途径
make an announcement
后来；稍后；过些时候
give one's views on sth.
get on /along well /fine with ...
7. get /become /be used to (doing) sth.
be used to do sth.
used to do sth.
8. 到目前为止
9. make a fuss of /over sb.
10. 对......感兴趣
11. 无意中/偶然地学会
12. wear off
13. in favour of
14. refer to ... as ...
refer to
参考书
习惯于(做)某事
被用来做某事
过去常常做某事
so far / until now /by now / up to now /
up till now
过分关心或体贴;关爱/呵护备至
show interest in ... /be interested in ...
pick up
(疼痛或某种效果)逐渐减少或消失
同意；支持；赞成；拥护
称......为......；把......叫作......
参考；涉及；查询；指的是
a reference book
15. varieties of /a variety of
16. 试图 /企图做某事
第一次尝试/企图(做某事)
17. 幸亏；多亏
18. 极力反对；为反对......而战
努力争取；为......(目的)而战
与......作斗争；与......并肩战斗
19. 最有名的是；因......而最出名
20. 投票赞成/反对
21. 一对；一双；两个；几个
各种各样的
attempt to do sth.
=make an attempt to do sth.
=make an attempt at doing sth.
at the first attempt
thanks to
fight against ...
fight for ...
fight with ...
be best known for ...
vote for /vote against ...
a couple of ..
Learn the language points according to xueyudao and finish the related exercises.
Summary
I. Choose the best answer.
1. If no one answers at the front door, ___ at the back door.
A. attempt to knock B. manage to knock
C. try knocking D. try to knock
2. The prisoner ___ to escape from the prison but failed.
A. succeeded B. attempted
C. managed D. pretended
attempt to do
try to do
try doing
manage to do
企图/试图做某事 (比try正式, 暗含不成功)
尽力/努力做某事(但不一定成功)
试着做某事(想知道结果或效果会如何)
= succeed in doing sth.
设法做成某事(强调结果成功了)
3. I often _____ the words I don't know in the dictionary
or on the Internet.
A. refer to B. look up C. find out D. mention
4. His debts (欠的债) _______ 100,000 yuan.
A. add up B. add up to C. add to D. add
add
add ... to ...
add to ...
add up to
add up
addition
in addition
in addition to
vt. & vi. 增加；加；补充说
把......加到......之上/里
增加；增添
加起来总共是；总计达......
把......加起来
n. 加；加法
另外；此外 (=besides; what's more)
除了......之外
II. Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions.
1. The sports meeting was put off as a result / because /on
account ______ the bad weather.
2. Our delay was due ______ the heavy traffic.
3. Owing _____ the bad weather, the plane had to change
its course.
4. Thanks _____ the English language, we can learn a lot
from other countries.
5. I’d love to go to the party. Thanks _____ asking me.
of
to
to
to
for
◆thanks to sb. /sth.
thanks for (doing) sth.
“多亏某人/某事”, 表原因, 做原因状语, 不能单独成句。
“谢谢(做 了)某事”, 用于道谢，可以单独成句。
6. What do you refer to this illness _____
7. As a young man he had fought _______ the British in
the American War of Independence.
8. Our school has taken _____ a new look since then.
9. There is no absolute standard _____ beauty.
10. You can vote _____ your favourite singer.
= You can vote in favour _____ your favourite singer.
11. If you make a fuss ________ yourself in friutful
autumn, you will regret it in the cold winter.
12. How are you getting on ______ your study
13. The effects of the drug naturally wear _____ within a
few hours.
as
against
on
for
for
of
of /over
with
off
III. Tell the meaning of the “in + n. + of” phrases.
in favour of
in support of
in charge of
in search of
in honour of
in memory of
in place of
in need /want of
in case of
in praise of
in front of
in fear of
in sight of
支持；赞成；同意
支持；赞成
负责......；管理......
(为了)寻找......
向......表示敬意；为了纪念......
为了纪念......
代替
需要......
万一；如果
表扬
在......前面
害怕；担心会......
在看得见......的地方
IV. Guess the meaning of present.
1) This is a present presented by my mother.
2) He had the honour of being presented to the king.
3) At present, people present at the meeting can not
present a good solution to solve the present problem.
4)He had to present a smiling face though heavy-hearted.
①[C] n.礼物
②vt. 赠送；赠予；送给
vt. 引见；介绍
①[U] n.现在；目前
②adj. 出席的；到场的
③vt. 提出;陈述
④adj. 现在的;目前的
vt. 呈现；显出
拓展：
1)present sth. to sb.
2)present sb. with sth.=present sth. to sb.
3) present sb. to sb.
4) at present
5) for the present
6) be present at
向某人提出或陈述
把某物赠送或献给某人
把某人介绍给某人
目前；现在
暂时
出席 (=attend), 【反】be absent from
此外还要注意：
present作定语时，意义不同其位置也不同:
表“现在的，目前的”时作___________。
表“出席的，到场的”时作___________。
前置定语
后置定语
Checking
I. Fill in the blanks with proper words.
1. He made an attempt ________ (pass) the exam, but it
was too difficult.
2. (04江苏) A man is being questioned in relation to the
_________ (attempt) murder last night.
3. (13湖北) While intelligent people can often _________
(simple) the complex, a fool is more likely to
complicate the simple.
4. (12江西) You'd better write down the phone number of
that restaurant for future _________ (refer).
5. He suggested that the person _________ (refer) to be
punished.
to pass
attempted
simplify
reference
referred
6. It was selling one million copies a year, _______ (make)
it one of the most popular school books ever.
7. Certain ______________ (combine) of sounds are not
possible in English.
8. They made many rules to __________ (standard) the
examination.
making
试比较：
1) He dropped the glass on the ground, ________
(break) it into pieces.
2) The glass fell to the ground, ________ (break) into
pieces.
3) He lifted the stone, only _______ (drop) it on his
own foot.
breaking
broken
to drop
=which made
combinations
standardise
II. Correct the mistakes in the sentences.
1. The old couple used to live in the country refused their
son's offer.
2. Your coming added our pleasure.
3. 50% of the students are in the favour of the plan.
4. Those who present at the meeting were mostly experts.
5. She passed her driving test in the first attempt.
6. Thank to your help, we finished the work in time.
7. If he shows interested in the food, he'll get close to it.
8. We learned more than 2,000 English words so far.
living
∧
to
或者在who后面加were
at
Thanks
interest
∧
have
Work in groups
How many main varieties of chinese are there
In what ways are they different Please give some examples.
What will happen to Chinese in the future
the future of chinese
Moral education
Which language will be more widely used in the future Chinese, British English or American English Why