Book 5
Module 1
British and American English
Part 1
Page 1~3
Introduction & Reading and Speaking
Learning goals:
After this class, we are able to:
Recognize the differences between British English and American in words,grammar,spelling and pronunciation.
Use “or;but;while;comparative degree”to describe these differences.
Deduce the author’s attitude and analyze the differences among varieties of Chinese.
Which country’s flag is it?
America’s flag
Britain’s flag
Lead-in
Lead-in
Which country’s landmark is it?
What is it?
The Statue of Liberty
自由女神像, 全名为“自由女神铜像国家纪念碑”，正式名称是“照耀世界的自由女神”，是法国在1876年赠送给美国的独立100周年礼物。自由女神像坐落于美国纽约州纽约市附近的自由岛，是美国重要的观光景点及地标。1884年5月21日峻工，1886年10月28日正式落成并揭幕。1984年，它被列入世界遗产名录。
Lead-in
The Big Ben
大本钟：英国伦敦著名古钟，或称大本钟，即威斯敏斯特宫报时钟，英国国会会议厅附属的钟楼，建于1859年。安装在西敏寺桥北议会大厦东侧高95米的钟楼上，钟楼四面的圆形钟盘，直径为6.7米，是伦敦的传统地标。在英国，大本钟是人们庆祝新年的重点地方，收音机和电视都会播出它的钟声来迎接新一年的开始。同样地，在阵亡将士纪念日，大本钟钟声的传出表示第11个月的第11天的第11个小时及2分钟的默哀开始。
Let’s check how much do you know about English.
1. How many varieties of English do you know?
British English, American English, Australian English and World English.
2. What are the main varieties of English?
British English and American English.
3. Are British and American English exactly the same?
No. They are different in many aspects, such as accent, vocabulary and so on.
4. In your opinion, can American and British people understand each other? Why?
pre-reading Watch and answer
Do you know any differences between American English and British English?
Watch a video and find out how many aspects are mentioned concerning the differences?
3. please read the first sentence of the first four parts and find out what other aspects are mentioned in the passage.
1. vocabulary
2. grammar
3. spelling
4. pronunciation
Task 1--Finish activity 3 on page 3.
Task 2--- Read , choose the general idea of each paragraph and summarise the main idea of every part
Task 3--Divide the passage into two parts and summarize the main ideas
while reading
A. Differences in grammar
Paragraph 1-2
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 5-6
Paragraph 7
B. The two varieties moving closer
together with more different accents.
C. Differences in vocabulary
D. there being many“Englishes”
in the future
E. Differences in spelling and pronunciation
Paragraph 1-2
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 5-6
Paragraph 7
the 4 ways Br.E and Am.E are ___________
the _____ of the two varieties
future
different
part1
part2
para .1-2
para .3
para .4
para .5-6
para .7
Why two parts?
Differences
vocabulary
grammar
spelling and pronunciation
Last part?
Turn on the TV
Is this part still introducing the differences?
If not, what is it?
Points of view!
main idea of the three paragraphs of 2nd part:
paragraph 5: Some experts believe that the two varieties are moving closer together.
paragraph 6: Newsreaders and weather reporters on TV are all speaking English with different accents.
paragraph 7: There are going to be many “Englishes”, not just two main varieties.
Phenomenon
Conclusion
Reading tips:
The first sentence or the last sentence of the paragraph may always be the main idea of each paragraph.
1. vocabulary
activity 1：read part 1 and part 2 and find out how comparisons are conveyed?
;
or
while
Careful reading
for part 1
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1. vocabulary
car
automobile
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1. vocabulary
car
motorway
automobile
freeway
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1. vocabulary
car
motorway
petrol
automobile
freeway
gas
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1. vocabulary
car
motorway
petrol
underground
automobile
freeway
gas
subway
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1. vocabulary
car
motorway
petrol
underground
taxi
automobile
freeway
gas
subway
cab
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1. vocabulary
car
motorway
petrol
underground
taxi
torch
automobile
freeway
gas
subway
cab
flashlight
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1. vocabulary
car
motorway
petrol
underground
taxi
torch
queue up
automobile
freeway
gas
subway
cab
flashlight
stand in line
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1. vocabulary
car
motorway
petrol
underground
taxi
torch
queue up
chips
automobile
freeway
gas
subway
cab
flashlight
stand in line
French fries
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1. vocabulary
car
motorway
petrol
underground
taxi
torch
queue up
chips
crisps
automobile
freeway
gas
subway
cab
flashlight
stand in line
French fries
chips
{68D230F3-CF80-4859-8CE7-A43EE81993B5} British English
American English
Have you got…?
My friend just arrived.
in the team/
at the weekend
Write me soon!
Do you have…?
My friend has just
arrived
on the team/
weekend
Write to me soon!
Read para. 3 and fill in the form.
2. grammar
while
but
Compare ... with
where
{10A1B5D5-9B99-4C35-A422-299274C87663}British English
American English
centre
color
programme
center
colour
program
Read para. 3 and fill in the form.
3. spelling
After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them.
A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.
毕竟，两个国家境内的口音差别可能跟两个国家之间的口音差别一样多。
4.Pronunciation:
It has been possible for me to listen to British and American English with satellite TV and the Internet since the 1980s.
2. What does this international dimension(国际标准) suggest(表明,
暗示)?
1. Why do some people now believe that British English will disappear?
careful reading for part 2
Read paragraph 5-7 and try to answer: Why is the British man happy or sad?
has led to ________________________________________________
Some people now believe that British English will disappear.
The non-stop communication
1 Why do some people now believe that British English will disappear?
lots of American words and structures passing into British English .
so that
Future of English
语言的未来
…many “Englishes”,not two main varieties.
…understand each other—wherever we are
2. What does this international dimension (国际标准) suggest(表明,暗示)?
1. It has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch.
2. This non-stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.
3 It has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English.
4 Users will be able to understand each other–wherever they are.
随着旅游业的发展，到处都听到普通话和成都话成为可能。网络也使人们能很容易地学习普通话或成都话。这种不间断的交流表明在未来使用无论哪种方言，汉语的使用者都会彼此理解。
Sentence appreciation and micro-writing
With the development of tourism, it has been possible to listen to Putonghua and Chengdu dialect everywhere. The internet has made it easier for people in China to learn Putonghua or Chengdu dialect easily. The non-stop communication suggests that Chinese users will understand each other —whichever dialect he uses.
post reading
Thinking:
1. How do you understand the sentence “after all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them”
2. How do you understand the sentence “A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.”?
“We have really everything in common with America nowadays, except of course, language.”
Oscar Wilde, 19th century writer
我们现在真的一切都与美国相同，当然除了语言。
3.Do you think if these differences will affect the communication between them or not?
4. Let’s look at some famous people’s opinions. P1
Within a century British and American English speakers will not be able to understand each other.
一个世纪以来说英式英语和美式英语的人都不能相互理解。
-Henry Sweet, 19th century linguist
A linguist is someone who
studies or teaches linguistics.
语言学家
['l??gw?st]
语言学
George Bernard Shaw, 20th century writer
“America and England are two countries divided by a common language.”
英国和美国是被一种语言分隔开的两个国家。
It doesn’t make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.
一个老师说英式英语还是美式英语并不重要。
---Dave Sperling, founder of Dave’s ESL Cafe
ESL—English as a Second Language
EFL—English as a Foreign Language
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How about different attitudes towards them?
Some experts
Some
people
The author
The two varieties are moving closer together/
British English will disappear.
There are going to be many “Englishes”; users of English will all be able to understand each other.
You
?
Read the emails and decide which writer is American and tell why. P1
The _______ writer is American. Some of the reasons we know are:
second
British English
American English
Mum
programme
theatre
realised
write to me
Mom
program
theater
realized
write me
What differences can you see between the two varieties of English from the above?
Spelling and grammar.
5.Can you give a proper title for this passage?
6.Why is this passage organized in such sequence?
Part 2
Page 1~3
Language Points in Introduction & Reading
考纲词汇扫描
I. Learn the following new words by word formation.
1. confuse
confusion
confusing
confused
2. compare
comparison
comparable
comparative
3. differ
different
difference
vt. 使困惑；使糊涂；混淆
n. 混乱；杂乱；混淆
adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的
adj. 困惑的；糊涂的；混乱的；难懂的
vt. 比较；对比；比得上；比喻；比拟
n. 比较；比拟
adj. 可比较的；类似的；可相提并论的
adj. 比较的；比较级的；比较而言的
vi. 不同；有区别；不同意；意见不一致
adj. 有差异的；不同的
n. 差异(点)；差别；分歧(点)
4. vary
varied
various
variable
variety
variation
5. settle
settler
settlement
6. steady
steadily
vi. 相异；不同；变化；改变
adj. 各种各样的；形形色色的
adj. 不同的；各种各样的
adj. 多变的
n. (同类物品的)种类；多样性；变化
n. 变化；差别
v. 定居；(使)安定；确定；决定；解决；坐下
n. 移民；定居者；殖民者
n. 协议；解决；处理；安顿；定居(点)
adj. 稳定的；持续的；稳固的
adv. 不断地；持续地；稳定地
II. Translate the following words.
1. accent n.
2. obvious adj.
3. remark n. & v.
4. satellite n.
5. switch n. & v.
6. 高速公路
7. 地铁
8. 手电筒；火把
9. 排队(等候)
10. preposition n.
11. omit vt.
12. structure n.
口音
显然的；显而易见的；明显的
评论；讲话
卫星
开关
(Br.) motorway; (Am.) freeway
(Br.) underground; (Am.) subway
(Br.) torch; (Am.) flashlight
(Br.) queue; (Am.) stand in line
介词 (prep.)
省略
结构；体系
Phrases
1. 与......完全相同
2. 有影响；使不相同
3. 如果有的话
4. 在......方面不同
与......不同
与......相似
与......相同
5. 用......装满/填满
6. 四处走动(旅行)
7. 排队(等候)
插队
have everything in common with ...
make a difference
if any
be different in ... /differ in ...
be different from... //differ from ...
be similar to ...
(be) the same as ...
fill up with ...
get around
queue up /stand in line
jump the queue
8. 把......与......相比
把......比作......
与......相比
9. 做出评论；发表评论
10. 毕竟；别忘了
11. 做某事有困难/费力
做某事有问题
12. 轻轻一按/一弹......
13. 导致某人或物做某事
14. 发现某人正在做某事
15. 和；不但......而且；除......之外还......
compare ... with ...
compare ... to ...
compared with /to ...
make a remark
after all
have difficulty /trouble (in) doing
have problems (in) doing sth.
at the flick of ...
lead to sb. /sth. doing sth.
find sb. doing sth.
as well as
1.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had much difficulty ______ the exam.
A. pass B. to pass
C. passed D. passing
归纳：
have difficulty (in) doing sth
have a hard time in doing sth
have problems in doing sth
have trouble (in) doing sth
You can never imagine the difficulty I have _______________________.（找到你的家）
finding your house
2.This communication has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.
Mobile phones have______________________ for people ______________with each other.（让互相联系更方便）
made it more convenient
to get in touch
在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。这时，应使用先行it代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部，常用于这种结构的动词有 feel, find, think, make, take, judge, consider 等。
结构即 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语
翻译下列句子：
1.他感到很难跟你交谈。
2.我想乘船去那里更舒服些。
3.我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。
4.学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。
5.我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。
1.He feels it very hard to talk with you.
2.I think it more comfortable to take a boat there.
3.I think it possible to solve the problem in another way.
4.The school has made it a rule that students should stand up at the beginning of the class.
5.I think it no use talking with that man.
3.Fill in the blanks:
But it has also___ __lots of American
words and structures ____ ______British
English, so that some people now believe
that British English will disappear.
led to
passing into
The discovery of the student’s being late for school led to __________.
A. the student having scolded
B. scold the student
C. the student being scolded
D. the student to be scolded
名词（所有格）或物主代词后加动名词，即构成动名词复合结构。在动名词复合结构中，名词属格或物主代词是动名词的逻辑主语。这种复合结构在句中多用作主语或宾语。
1）作主语：You‘ll see that my ordering you around hasn’t been so bad for you.
2)作宾语：I can‘t bear his/ him staying up so late.
◆How about the two of us_______ a walk down the garden?
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
◆I don't mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making B. your delaying making
C. you delaying to make D. you delay to make
◆I would appreciate ____ it a secret.
your keeping B. you to keep
C. that you keep D. that you will keep
◆I can hardly imagine Peter _____across the Atlantic Ocean within 15 days.
sail? ??B. to sail? C. sailing? ?D. to have sailed
◆________ made her parents worried a lot.
Her not to come back
B. Not her to come back
C. Not her coming back
D. Her not coming back
◆She apologised to me for _______to inform me of the change in the plan.
A. her not being able?? B. her being not able
C. not being able?? ??? D. that she's not able to
4.Fill in the blanks:
This international dimension _______ that in the future ,there _____________(be) many
“Englishes,”… not just two main varieties.
suggests
are going to be
The smile on his face suggested that he _______ happy to have given help to his classmates.
was B. should be C. had been D. would be
（ 2001 上海春） He came to my class every week, but his attitude _________ he was not really interested in the subject.
expressed B. described
C. explained D. suggested
She suggested _______ early so that we could catch the
first train.
A. go get up B. getting up C. get up D. to getting up
Bob's doctor suggests ________ for a few weeks.
A. that he is resting B. he rest
C. he resting D. him to rest
Suggest的用法：
Learn the language points in Introduction and Reading according to Xueyudao and finish the related exercises. If possible do more exercises for consolidation.
I. Fill in the blanks with proper words.
1. _____ do you have in common with your father?
2. It doesn’t make much (of a) difference _______ a
teacher speaks British or American English.
= It doesn't ______ much whether a teacher speaks
British or American English.
3. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the
famous remark ______ the British and the Americans
are two nations divided by a common language, he was
obviously thinking about the differences.
4. The British say Have you got ...? ______ Americans
prefer Do you have ...?
5. This non-stop communication has made ____ easier for
British people and Americans to understand each other.
What
whether
matter
that
while
it
II. Translate the sentences using the sentence patterns.
1. 虽然他们是双胞胎，他们却没多少共同点。
2. 你去不去他的派对对他来说都没关系。
3. 他获了一等奖这消息很快传遍了全校。
4. Bob 身体强壮而他的弟弟身体虚弱。
5. 你的帮助使我们有可能按时完成这工作。
Though they're twins, they have little in common.
It doesn't matter //make any difference to him whether you go to his party or not.
The news that he won the first prize spread all over the school quickly.
Bob is strong while his brother is weak.
Your help made it possible for us to finish the work in time.
III. Fill in the blanks with proper forms of the given words.
1. The ________ expression on his face suggested that he
was in ________ about the ________ problem. (confuse)
2. (11江苏) Recently a survey _________ (compare) prices
of the same goods in two different supermarkets has
caused heated debate among citizens.
3. (12全国) Film has a much shorter history, especially
when ________ (compare) to such an art forms music
and painting.
4. (10上海)I had great difficulty _______ (find) the suitable
food on the menu in that restaurant.
5. (07辽宁)You can’t imagine what difficulty we had
________ (walk) home in the snowstorm.
confused
confusion
confusing
comparing
compared
finding
walking
6. (04上海) The discovery of new evidence led to the thief
____________ (catch).
7. Chinese food is famous for its wide ________ (vary).
8. She has made ___________ (remark) progress in
English.
9. (03全国) A cook will be immediately fired if he is found
_______ (smoke) in the kitchen.
10. (11浙江) Even the best writers sometimes find
themselves _______ (lose) for words.
being caught
variety
remarkable
smoking
lost
IV. Correct the mistakes in the sentences.
1. She has a lot of common with his twin sister.
2. Young people are compared with the morning sun.
3. (09重庆) Michael’s new house is like a huge palace,
comparing with his old one.
4. The other two areas at which the two varieties differs
are spelling and pronunciation.
5. People differ with one another in their ability to handle
stress.
6. Do you have any difficulties in learning English?
7. It has no difference whether you agree or not.
8. He makes that a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
in
to
compared
in
from
difficulty
makes
it
Part 3
Page 4
Vocabulary
Match the British and American words and phrases in the box. (Vocabulary Activity 1, P4)
apartment autumn elevator fall
first floor flashlight flat garbage gas
ground floor holiday
lift
stand in line lorry pavement petrol
queue up rubbish sidewalk torch
truck vacation
British English
American English
flat
autumn
lift
ground floor
torch
rubbish
petrol
holiday
queue up
lorry
pavement
apartment
fall
elevator
first floor
flashlight
garbage
gas
vacation
stand in line
truck
sidewalk
Vocabulary Activity 2: Rewrite the sentences using British words.
1. We really like going on vacation in the fall.
2. You don’t need to take the elevator. Our apartment is
on the first floor.
3. Did you see that truck come out of the gas station?
4. Pass me a flashlight, Eddie. I’ve lost my wallet.
holiday
autumn
lift
flat
ground
lorry
petrol
torch
Do Exercise 5 and 6 on Page 68.
Check the exercises 5 and 6 on page 68.
5
Match the British English words with the American English words.
British English
American English
chips
flat
holiday
lorry
rubbish
torch
apartment
flashlight
French fries
garbage
truck
vacation
6
Rewrite the sentences in British English.
1. This fall we’re going to Canada for our vacation.
2. I’ll take the elevator. I’m feeling lazy.
3. During the war, people had to stand in line for bread.
4. We produce thousands of tons of garbage every year.
5. When it’s sunny, you can have coffee at tables on the
sidewalk.
autumn
holiday
lift
rubbish
queue up
pavement
