(共29张PPT)
人教新目标版 九年级全册
Unit 6 When was it invented
Section A Grammar Focus-4c
Learning objectives
Knowledge objectives:3
1. 熟练掌握以下词汇和短语
fridge, low, somebody, translate, lock, earthquake, sudden, all of a sudden, biscuit, cookie, instrument.
2. 熟练掌握以下句型
1. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
2. The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers were brought to a safe place.
3. The book was translated into different languages by different writers.
Skill objectives:
1. 能掌握本课时出现的新词汇，通过短视频，了解主动语态和被动语态。
2. 能够掌握“被动语态”的用法和形式，以及如何把主动语态变成被动语态。
3. 通过4a和4b练习，进一步巩固知识。
Emotional objectives:
通过学习被动语态，认识到中英语言上的相似性和差异性。
Thinking quality objectives:
通过语法结构的学习,思考如何运用语法结构帮助我们提高英语的听、说、读、写的能力。
New words
fridge[fr d ]
low[l ]
somebody[ s mb di]
translate[tr nz le t]
lock[l k]
ring[r ]
earthquake[ θkwe k]
sudden[ s dn]
all of a sudden
bell[bel]
biscuit[ b sk t]
cookie[ k ki]
musical[ mju z kl]
instrument[ nstr m nt]
n.冰箱
adj.低的;矮的
pron.某人n.重要人物
n. 翻译
v.锁上;锁住 n.锁
v. (rang[r ], rung[r ])(使)发出钟声或铃声;打电话
n.地震
adj.突然(的)
突然;猛地
n.钟(声);铃(声)
n. 饼干
n.曲奇饼干
adj.音乐的;有音乐天赋的
n.器械;仪器;工具
Read the words quickly and say their Chinese meanings to see who is fast and accurate(准确).
Warm up
Let’s enjoy a song.
I sing the song.
The song is sung by me.
You play the song.
The song is played by you.
He plays the drums.
The drums are played by him.
She sings the song.
The song is sung by her.
It sings the song.
The song is sung by it.
We sing the song.
The song is sung by us.
You play the song.
The song is played by you.
They play the drums.
The drums are played by them.
Review
主动语态（ the active voice ）
被动语态（the passive voice）
1、被动语态的含义。
英语动词有两种语态
当主语是动作的执行者，则谓语动词使用主动语态。
如：we plant the trees.
主谓关系
当主语为动作的承受者时，则谓语动词要用被动语态。
如：The trees are planted by us.
动宾关系
注意:后面能接宾语的动词(及物动词)才有被动语态，反之没有。
2、被动语态的结构。
主语
be
过去分词
(by+主动的主语)
be负责时态变化，相当于助动词。
过去分词体现被动，过去分词恒定不变，不随时态变化而变化。
如：These flowers are planted (by Jim).
These flowers were planted (by Jim).
Grammar focus
Translate these sentences and let’s read.
When was the zipper invented It was invented in 1893.
Who was it invented by It was invented by Whitcomb Judson.
When was tea brought to Korea It was brought to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries.
What is the hot ice-cream scoop used for It’s used for serving really cold ice-cream.
Active Voice : Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. Passive Voice: The telephone was invented (by Alexander Graham Bell) in 1876. Grammar Focus
拉链是什么时候被发明的？
它于1893年被发明。
它是由谁发明的？
它是由Whitcomb Judson发明的。
茶叶什么时候被带到朝鲜去的？
热冰淇淋勺用来做什么？
是在六到七世纪之间被带到朝鲜。
它用来挖很冷的冰淇淋。
Alexander Graham Bell于1876年发明了电话机。
电话机在1876年被Alexander Graham Bell所发明。
When was the zipper invented It was invented in 1893.
Who was it invented by It was invented by Whitcomb Judson.
When was tea brought to Korea It was brought to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries.
What is the hot ice-cream scoop used for It’s used for serving really cold ice-cream.
Active Voice : Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. Passive Voice: The telephone was invented (by Alexander Graham Bell) in 1876. Grammar Focus
Grammar focus
Read the following sentences and find out the Passive Voice.
一般过去时的被动语态
3、被动语态的时态（9种）。
被动语态的时态
be体现时态变化
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
现在完成时
过去将来时
过去进行时
过去完成时
情态动词
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
be
is/am/are
was/were
is/am/are being
will/shall be
have/has been
was/were being
would/should be
had been
can/may/must be
done不变
done
done
done
done
done
done
done
done
done
以动词write举例
is/am/are+written
was/were+written
is/am/are being+written
will/shall be+written
have/has been+written
was/were being+written
would/should+be+written
had been+written
can/may/must be+written
主语+be动词+过去分词+(by…)
4、一般现在时的被动语态
肯定句：主语+be(is/am/are)+过去分词+(by……).
否定句：主语+be(is/am/are)+not+过去分词+(by……).
一般疑问句：Be(is/am/are)+主语+过去分词+(by……)？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？
如：这辆汽车是中国制造的。The car ________ in China.
这辆车不是中国制造的。The car ________ in China.
这辆车是中国制造的吗？ _____ the car _____ in China
这辆车什么时候在中国被制造的？When _____ the car _____ in China
is made
isn’t made
is made
Is made
5、一般过去时的被动语态
肯定句：主语+be(was/were)+过去分词+(by……).
否定句：主语+be(was/were)+not+过去分词+(by……).
一般疑问句：Be(was/were)+主语+过去分词+(by……)？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？
如：这房子是1967年建的。The house ________ in 1967.
这房子不是1967年建的。The house ___________ in 1967.
房子是1967年建的吗？ ______ the house ______ in 1967
这房子是什么时候建的？When ______ the house ______？
was built
wasn't built
Was built
was built
6、主动语态变为被动语态的方法
第一步:将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；
第二步:将主动语态的谓语改为“be+及物动词的过去分词”结构；
第三步:将主动语态的主语改为介词by的宾语，放在谓语之后(有时可省略)。
第四步:其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
如：
People grow tea in Hangzhou.
主动语态:主语People是动作grow 的执行者。
被动语态:主语Tea是动作grow 的承受着。
主(执行者)
谓
宾(承受者)
主(承受者)
谓
Tea
is grown
(by people)
in Hangzhou.
将下列句子改为被动语态
Exercise
1. Many people speak English in the U.S.A.
2. He bought a bike last night.
3. We make these machines in Beijing.
4. They often use computers in class.
English is spoken by many people in the U.S.A.
A bike was bought by him last night.
These machines are made in Beijing.
Computers are often used in class.
1. 找宾语 --即动作的承受者
2. 判断宾语的单复数 --即be动词的单复数.
3. 判断动词的时态 --即be动词的时态.
4. 修改谓语的语态 --即原句动词改为过去分词
5. 修改原句的主语 --即by+主语/宾格.
They make shoes in that factory.
Shoes
are made
by them
宾变主,主变宾,前加by
动变被,看清be, 结构分别be+pp
in that factory.
7、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：
有二个宾语(主语+谓语+间宾+直宾)的句子变被动语态时，只将其中一个宾语变为被动句中的主语，另一个宾语不变。注意：用直接宾语主语时，在过去分词后面，保留宾语之前要加一个适当的介词，如to, for, of等。
主动句：主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语→
被动句：原间接宾语+be+过去分词+原直接宾语+by+原主语的宾格
原直接宾语+be+过去分词+介词+原间接宾语+by+原主语的宾格
They gave the children many good books. →
(主语)
如：
(谓语)
(间宾)
(直宾)
The children
were given
many good books
(by them).
Many good books
were given
the children
to
(by them).
Exercise
1、He told her a long story.
2、Mother bought me a new coat.
We are told the truth by Jack.
3、Jack tells us the truth.
The truth is told (to) us by Jack.
She was told a long story.
A long story was told to her.
I was bought a new coat.
A new coat was bought for me.
注意：有些双宾动词在变为被动语态时，要用间接宾语作为被动句的主语，不能用直接宾语作主语。
spare节约；分出 save解救；节省；保存
answer回答 envy嫉妒；羡慕
deny否认；拒绝 refuse拒绝；谢绝
eg：I refused him the invitation. 我拒绝邀请他。→
He was refused the invitation by me. (√)(符合习惯)
The invitation was refused him by me. (×) (不符合习惯)
含有宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾语补足语)的句子的被动语态时，只将句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，宾补不变，但语法功能变了，此时的补足语不再是宾语补足语，而变成了主语补足语。
如：我们让怀特先生当队长。
We made Mr. White leader of the team.
(宾补)
(主语)
(谓语)
(宾语)
Mr. White
was made
leader of the team.
（by us)
We call her a beauty.
我们叫她“美女”。
She is called a beauty (by us).
(宾补)
(宾语)
Exercise
1、I found him lying on the floor.
2、We call her Rose.
I am made happy by them.
3、They make me happy.
He was found lying on the floor.
She is called Rose.
当主动句中有感官动词(see, watch, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel 等) 和使役动词(make, have等)，在主动语态的句子中，宾语补足语前省略to；但在变为被动语态时，主语补足语前一律加上to。但含有let的句子在变为被动语态时，to可以省略。
I heard him sing in the room just now.
如：刚才听到他在房间里唱歌。
He was heard to sing in his room just now(by me).
I saw Tom fall off the tree just now.
Tom was seen to fall off the tree just now.
刚才看到汤姆从树上掉下来。
8、被动语态的用法
（1） 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。
如：These books are written for children.
I haven’t been told about it.
（2） 需要强调动作的承受着即宾语时。
如： Calculator can't be used in the math exam. 计算器不能用于数学考试。
The cup was broken by David.
The book is written by Mo Yan.
（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态结构。
如： It is\was said\believed\reported +that … …
9、被动语态的注意事项
1). 系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意。常见的系动词有： be动词, look, seem, appear, feel, sound, smell, taste等。
如：It smells terrible.
2).下列动词(词组)没有被动式： happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, take
如：An accident happened yesterday.
3). 不及物动词sell, wash, read, write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
如：This book sells well. 这本书畅销。
The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。
4). 在英语口语中，有时可用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。
如：I got dressed as quickly as l could. 我尽快穿上衣服。
这样结构比较常见的搭配有：get arrested, get caught, get dressed, get drowned, get drunk, get lost, get married等。
把下列的主动句变为被动句。
People play football all over the world.
2. The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday.
3. Students listen to the kind teacher carefully.
Football is played all over the world by people.
A story is told by the old man on TV on Sunday.
The kind teacher is listened to by students carefully.
4. Do you water your flowers every day (变为被动句)
5. Trees and flowers are planted every year to make our country more beautiful. (变为疑问句)
Are your flowers watered by you every day
Are trees and flowers planted every year to make our country more beautiful？
Exercise
4a
Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice.
1. They sold the fridge at a low price.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Where did you take these photos
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Our parents advised us not to go out alone.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Different writers translated the book into different languages.
_____________________________________________________________________
The book was translated into different languages by different writers.
My camera was stolen from my hotel room (by somebody).
Where were these photos taken
We were advised by our parents not to go out alone.
The fridge was sold at a low price.
pron. 某人 n. 重要人物
translate v. 翻译
4b
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
1. You ____________ to the party last night, weren’t you Why didn’t you go
2. The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers
_____________to a safe place.
3. The door ____________ when we arrived, so we _______ the bell.
4. The students _________ not to eat or drink in class, but Ruby _________
the rule when she started eating a biscuit in science class.
5. The cookies ___________ by the hungry kids in less than 20 minutes, and
they really _______ them.
were invited
eat like invite tell lock ring break bring
were brought
was locked
rang
were told
broke
were eaten
liked
v. 锁上
v.（使）发出钟声或铃声
all of a sudden 突然；猛地
4c
The telephone ____________ (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell. He _____________
(born) in 1847. Mr. Bell ______________ (work) on the invention of the telephone with Thomas Watson. In 1875, Mr. Bell _____________ (learn) how to send musical notes through an instrument similar to a telephone. Finally, the telephone _______________ (invent) in 1876. The first sentence that _________ (say) on the telephone by Mr. Bell was “Mr. Watson, come here; I want to see you.” Today the telephone _____________ (use) around the world.
was invented
was born
worked
learned
was invented
was said
is used
adj. 音乐的；有音乐天赋的；
n. 器械；仪器；工具
Decide whether active or passive forms should be used in these sentences. Write the correct forms in the blanks.
Homework
1. Do the exercises in students’ book.
2. Review the grammar.
3. Preview the new words on page 45.
谢谢
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