图说英语：动词短语图解（PDF版）

动词短语的工作原理和学习方法
动词短语的构成具有其内在逻辑。然而，多数英语教材通常以完全随机的方式呈现，这
使得学生无法进行高效系统地学习。
此外，也不要尝试学习“带 take 的动词短语”、“get 的动词短语”或“go 的动词短语”，
这些都是以“动词”为中心进行的归纳总结。我以前也是这样教我的学生，很多教辅资料也
是这样编的，然而实践证明这纯粹就是浪费时间！
如果我们换一个角度，从动词后面这些“小词”(particle)入手去理解动词短语，那么很
多东西就会豁然开朗。如果我们先把这些小词的基本含义掌握了， 那么整个动词短语就很
好理解。最常用的“小词”是 up/down、in/out、on/off 和 back/away。从词性的角度讲，这
些小词属于介词或副词，
所以，我们第一步应该首先掌握“小词”的基本用法，需要重点把握“小词”的空间/
方向性含义。
方向小词 in
(1) breathe in (2) come in
Air goes into your lungs when you Dad came in and I gave him a hug.
breathe in.
(3) fall in (4) get in
The ant slipped and fell into the river. Donald Duck got in the car and drove
away.
(6) move in
(5) go in We will move into our new house next
I’m scared. I don’t want to go in. week.
(7) break in (8) get into
The burglar broke into my house and You can’t get into China without a visa.
stole my TV.
(9) check in (10) log in
You can check in any time after 14:00. I can’t log into my account because I
have forgotten my password.
(11) sign in (12) let in
We have to sign in when we get to Grandpa didn’t let me in because I had
work. lied to him.
(13) put in
Please put the cups in the cupboard.
方向小词 out
(1) breathe out (2) come out
Air goes out of your lungs when you The little chick just came out of the egg.
breathe out.
(3) fall out (4) get out
We have window bars so that the They took the photo when she was
children don’t fall out of the window. getting out of the car.
(5) go out (6) move out
It’s a beautiful day. Let’s go out to have I want to move out of my friend’s house
some fun. when I get a job.
(7) keep out (8) get...out
We should keep out of the forest. It is My leg is stuck and I can’t get it out.
dangerous.
(9) check out (10) cut... out
You must check out before 11:00. Draw a rectangle and cut it out.
(11) sign out (12) let... out
We have to sign out when we leave the Who let the dogs out
office.
(13) take... out (14) take... out
It’s my job to take out the rubbish. Please take everything out of your
suitcase.
(15) take... out (16) throw... out
Where is the bank I need to take out Jack’s mother got angry and threw all
some money. the beans out.
(17) tear... out
When people feel so worried or angry,
they might want to tear their hair out.
方向小词 up
(1) get up (2) go up
I usually get up at 7 am on weekdays. Let’s go up to the second floor.
(3) go up (4) hurry up
I think prices will go up next year, so it is You will miss the bus if you don’t hurry
better to buy it now. up.
(5) fill up (6) speed up
I need to go to the gas station to fill up. I can speed up now – I’m on a fast road.
(7) stand up (8) warm up
The audience stood up and gave the The dinosaur sat by the fire to warm up.
speaker a big round of applause.
(9) throw up (10) throw... up
The lady couldn’t help throwing up. Santa threw up all he had eaten.
(11) fill...up (12) heat...up
Pass me your cup and I will fill it up. If it is too cold, you can heat it up in the
microwave oven.
(13) pick...up (14) put...up
Please pick up all the toys and put them You can put your picture up on the wall.
in the box.
(15) speed...up (16) turn... up
I deleted lots of programs to speed up I can’t hear the music. Please turn it up.
my computer.
方向小词 down
(1) fall down (2) go down
After the earthquake, their house fell I want to buy a car but I’m waiting for
down. the price to go down.
(3) go down (4) lie down
I went down to open the door. I want to lie down and eat some pizza.
(5) sit down (6) calm down
Let’s sit down. The food is almost ready. When someone gets less angry or
scared, they calm down.
(7) cool down (8) slow down
You can stir the piping hot soup to let it You have to slow down when you see
cool down fast. this sign on the side of the road.
(9) calm...down (10) cool...down
The girl tried to calm her sister down The earth is so hot. We need to cool him
before she did something stupid. down.
(11) knock...down (12) put...down
The government wants to knock down Are you planning on putting me down
my house to build a new road. anytime soon
(13) slow...down (14) take...down
If the driver had slowed down his car, We usually take down our Christmas
the pedestrian wouldn’t have gotten decorations at the end of January.
splashed.
(15) turn...down
The music is too loud. Please turn it
down.
方向小词 on
(2) step on...
(1) get on... Oh crap! I just stepped on some dog
We usually get on the bus at this stop. poop.
(3) hang...on (4) have...on
“Let’s hang these lights on the If you are barefoot, you don’t have any
Christmas tree.” one elf said. socks or shoes on.
(5) put...on (6) put...on...
It’s cold outside. Put on your coat. Who put the flower on the table
(7) try...on (8) turn...on
“I always try on shoes before I buy Let me turn the light on.
them.” the lady said.
方向小词 off
(1) get off... (2) fall off...
Get ready. We need to get off the bus I broke my arm when I fell off a tree.
now.
(3) jump off... (4) take off...
She jumped off the bridge. He took off his coat.
(5) turn off... (6) knock...off...
Turn off the water before you leave. The cat knocked the flower off the
table.
(7) blow...off... (8) take off
The strong wind blew the roof off the The plane is taking off.
house.
(9) drive off
He drove off without saying goodbye.
方向小词 away
(1) get away (2) go away
The three little pigs were trying to get I want to go away for a couple of days.
away from the wolf.
(3) run away (4) drive away
The boy ran away when the snake This newly-wed couple drove away in a
started chasing him. red car.
(5) fly away (6) swim away
The butterfly flew away when the bear The little mermaid swam away from a
tried to catch it. ferocious shark.
(7) give...away (8) put...away
When you give something away, you When you put your toys away, you put
give it to someone without asking for them in the place or container where
payment. they are usually kept.
(9) take...away (10) throw...away
The police took the criminal away in It would be stupid to throw away
handcuffs. money.
方向小词 back
(1) come back (2) get back
I’ll miss e back soon. What time will she get back
(3) go back (4) bring...back
Children are going back to school. The boy brought the book back to the
library.
(5) call...back (6) get...back
I’m busy now. Can you call me back My car has been stolen and I don’t
later expect to get it back.
(7) give...back (8) pay...back
You can borrow this book if you give it When will you pay back the money I
back later. lent you last week
(9) put...back (10) take...back
When you’ve finished reading, put the Take your letter back.
book back where it belongs.
特殊含义小词 out=all gone
(1) be out of (2) run out
OMG. I’m out of money. My battery is running out. I need a
charger.
(3) run out of (4) sell out
Hurry up, doctor. You’re running out of The tickets sold out within 30 minutes.
time.
(5) die out (6) go out
Mammoths died out more than 10,000 The fire will go out if you don’t add
years ago. / m m θ/ some wood.
(7) put out (8) burn out
The firefighters worked hard to put the The candle burnt out.
fire out.
(9) blow out (10) turn out
Make a silent wish before blowing out Don’t turn out the light. I’m afraid of the
the candles. dark.