图说英语：中考语法代词体系（PDF版）

English Grammar 英语语法
第5章 Pronouns 代词
第1课 人称代词主格
OBJECTIVES 学习目标
1 理解主语的概念并能识别简单句的主语。
2 能正确运用人称代词主格。
Subject Pronouns
Subject pronouns replaces a 人称代词主格的作用是代替前
noun as the subject of a 一句的名词成为句子的主语。
sentence or clause. They are 它们是最容易识别的代词之
one of the easiest pronouns 一。从定义可知，我们理解人
to identify-look for the person 称代词主格需要理解两个部
or thing having a direct effect 分：主语（subject) 和代词
on the action. （pronoun）。接下来一一详
解。
What is a subject
主语是什么？
Remember that the subject of 如何确定句子的主语？
a sentence is the person, 所有英文句子可以简化成两
place, thing or idea that is 类：
doing or being something. (1) X is Y. (X是Y.)
The baby is cute.
I am cute. （那个宝宝好可爱。）
(2) X do Y. (X做Y.)
The baby likes music.
（那个宝宝喜欢音乐。）
I like music. X部分就是句子的主语。
What is a subject
主语是什么？
The baby is cute. The baby 以上每个句子的主语（subject)都是the
likes music. The baby smiles baby。如果按照上面的句子来介绍一个宝宝，听起来是不是有点别扭？问题出在哪里
whenever the baby hears 呢？the baby重复使用太多次了！要是能创
music. 造一种写法简单的词用来代替上文提到的同
一个词，那是不是我们可以避免这种重复啰
嗦，提高交流效率呢？这种词就叫人称代词
那个宝宝好可爱。那个宝 （pronoun)。既然这种人称代词代替了原来
宝喜欢音乐。那个宝宝听 的主语位置的词，它也就成了句子的主语，
到音乐的时候，那个宝宝 那么我们就称这种人称代词为“主语人称代
词”（subject pronoun），或称作“人称代词
就微笑。 主格”，下一节课会讲与之对应的“人称代词
宾格”。
Subject Pronouns
人称代词主格
运用人称代词主格就可以将前文所述句子改
成：
The baby is cute. She likes music. She smiles
whenever she hears music.
除第一次提到the baby外，后面凡是提到the
baby都用she代替。
Exercise
Find the subjects. 写出每句的主语。
1
1 Jack is the project manager. ( )
2 Judy really likes reading. ( )
3 His cat is lovely. ( )
4 Mary is a good teacher. ( )
5 Larry and Adam are rock stars. ( )
Exercise
Find the subjects. 写出每句的主语。
1
6 My classmate didn’t go to school yesterday. ( )
7 Can your dad dance ( )
8 How does this cake taste ( )
9 The zoo is too crowded with people. ( )
10 My friends and I went to a concert last year. ( )
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 将每句的主语（下划线处）改成相应的人称代词主格。
2
1 John has been to Hong Kong. ( ) 6 His house is on fire. ( )
2 Rose doesn’t like reading. ( ) 7 How can a pig fly ( )
3 The neighbors are kind. ( ) 8 How long have your friends been playing ( )
4 Mary and I had a little lamb. ( ) 9 The bus is too crowded with passengers. ( )
5 The boy fell off the bike. ( ) 10 The prisoners enjoy rock music. ( )
Answer Keys
Exercise
Find the subjects. 写出每句的主语。
1
1 Jack is the project manager. ( Jack )
2 Judy really likes reading. ( Judy )
3 His cat is lovely. ( His cat )
4 Mary is a good teacher. ( Mary )
5 Larry and Adam are rock stars. ( Larry and Adam )
Exercise
Find the subjects. 写出每句的主语。
1
6 My classmate didn’t go to school yesterday. ( My classmate )
7 Can your dad dance ( your dad )
8 How does this cake taste ( this cake )
9 The zoo is too crowded with people. ( the zoo )
10 My friends and I went to a concert last year. ( My friends and I )
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 将每句的主语（下划线处）改成相应的人称代词主格。
2
1 John has been to Hong Kong. ( He ) 6 His house is on fire. ( It )
2 Rose doesn’t like reading. ( She ) 7 How can a pig fly ( it )
3 The neighbors are kind. ( They ) 8 How long have your friends been playing ( they )
4 Mary and I had a little lamb. ( We ) 9 The bus is too crowded with passengers. ( It )
5 The boy fell off the bike. ( He ) 10 The prisoners enjoy rock music. ( They )
English Grammar 英语语法
第5章 Pronouns 代词
第3课 人称代词
OBJECTIVES 学习目标
1 熟记人称代词表。
2 能正确运用人称代词。
Personal Pronouns
The subject pronoun and
object pronouns are called
personal pronouns.
人称代词主格和人称代词
宾格统称人称代词。
Subject Pronouns
人称代词主格
They are from Ireland. He is a musician.
Judy and I are good buddies. She is good at cooking.
Object Pronouns
人称代词宾格
The man shared ideas with her. Sam reads it every day.
Your parents love you very much. Jack called me at 4 a.m..
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 填出对应的人称代词。
1
1 I ( ) 5 it ( )
2 ( ) you 6 we ( )
3 ( ) him 7 you ( )
4 she ( ) 8 ( ) them
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 从括号选择正确的人称代词填空。
2
1 Judy and _____ are going to a meeting tomorrow . ( I/me )
2 Harry can’t understand _____. ( she/her )
3 Tim speaks Chinese. _____ lives in China. ( He/Him )
4 The living cost is too high for _____. ( they/them )
5 _____ is the best friend I’ve ever had. ( She/Her )
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 从括号选择正确的人称代词填空。
2
6 My friends and I went to a concert last year. _____ had so much fun. ( We/Us )
7 The girl is crying. Don’t bother _____ . ( she/her)
8 May ______ come in now ( we/us ）
9 The bird is afraid of _____ . ( he/him )
10 Look at _____ ! ( they/them )
Answer Keys
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 填出对应的人称代词。
1
1 I ( me ) 5 it ( it )
2 ( you ) you 6 we ( us )
3 ( he ) him 7 you ( you )
4 she ( her ) 8 ( they ) them
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 从括号选择正确的人称代词填空。
2
1 Judy and I are going to a meeting tomorrow . ( I/me )
2 Harry can’t understand her .( she/her )
3 Tim speaks Chinese. He lives in China. ( He/Him )
4 The living cost is too high for them. ( they/them )
5 She is the best friend I’ve ever had. ( She/Her )
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 从括号选择正确的人称代词填空。
2
6 My friends and I went to a concert last year. We had so much fun. ( We/Us )
7 The girl is crying. Don’t bother her . ( she/her)
8 May we come in now ( we/us ）
9 The bird is afraid of him . ( he/him )
10 Look at them ! ( they/them )
English Grammar 英语语法
第5章 Pronouns 代词
第4课 形容词性物主代词
OBJECTIVES 学习目标
1 知道形容词性物主代词具有形容词的功能。
2 能正确运用形容词性物主代词。
Possessive Noun
名词所有格
在学习形容词性物主代词 名词的所有格用来表示该名词
（possessive adjective) 之前复习一下 对另一个名词的所有权或占有
第二章所学的名词所有格 权，以词尾加‘s为标志。这个
（possessive noun): 词通常是单数或复数名词，但
Possessive nouns are nouns that show 在所有格形式下，它们被用作
ownership or possession. Normally these 形容词来修饰另一个名词，类
words would be a singular or plural noun,
but in the possessive form they are used 似于中文的一个名词后面加一
as adjectives to modify another a noun or 个“的”字，如：a boy’s 一个男
pronoun. 孩的。
Possessive Adjectives
形容词性物主代词
A possessive adjective is usually used to
describe a noun, and it comes before it,
like other adjectives.
形容词性物主代词通常用来代替名
词所有格，修饰其后的名词，自然
具有形容词的属性，所以称作“形容
词性物主代词”。
These are possessive adjectives.
形容词性物主代词
the man‘s idea = his idea Sam’s book = his book
the girl's parents = her parents Tim and Judy's teacher = their teacher
These are possessive adjectives.
形容词性物主代词
Exercise
Rewrite the 改写句子：将每句下划线处的名词所有格换成相应的形容词性物主代词。
1 sentences.
1 Look at Tim’s guitar. →
2 Let’s go to Judy’s birthday party. →
3 The teacher is checking the students' homework. →
3 I just took my mom’s phone call. →
4 Is that Mary and Peter’s house →
5 The eagle’s eyes are so sharp. →
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用形容词性物主代词填空。
2
This weekend I’m going to the beach. I am not sure which car I should take. I
could take ______ mother’s car but I am not sure if _____ car is running
properly. I think I will take _____ father’s car because _____ car is new and is
running well. I definitely can’t take _____ car because I crashed it last week
when I was driving too fast.
Answer Keys
Exercise
Rewrite the 改写句子：将每句下划线处的名词所有格换成相应的形容词性物主代词。
1 sentences.
1 Look at Tim’s guitar. → Look at his guitar.
2 Let’s go to Judy’s birthday party. → Let’s go to her birthday party.
3 The teacher is checking the students‘ homework. → The teacher is checking
their homework.
3 I just took my mom’s phone call. → I just took her phone call.
4 Is that Mary and Peter’s house → Is that their house
5 The eagle’s eyes are so sharp. → Its eyes are so sharp.
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用形容词性物主代词填空。
2
This weekend I’m going to the beach. I am not sure which car I should take. I
could take my mother’s car but I am not sure if her car is running properly. I
think I will take my father’s car because his car is new and is running well. I
definitely can’t take my car because I crashed it last week when I was driving
too fast.
English Grammar 英语语法
第5章 Pronouns 代词
第5课 名词性物主代词
OBJECTIVES 学习目标
1 知道名词性物主代词具有名词的功能。
2 能正确运用名词性物主代词。
Possessive Pronouns
名词性物主代词
Possessive pronouns are simply the
replacement team for nouns or noun
phrases that run the risk of sounding
repetitive. And, of course, they also
show possession.
名词性物主代词（possessive
pronoun, 直译为“代词所有格”）用
于代替表示所有权关系的名词或名
词词组，以避免该名词或名词词组
重复出现。
These are possessive pronouns.
名词性物主代词
This is the man‘s idea.
= This idea is his. This is Sam’s book. = This book is his.
They are the girl's parents. This is Tim and Judy's teacher.
= The parents are hers. = This teacher is theirs.
Possessive Pronouns
名词性物主代词
通过以上对比，我们可以总结出这样一个公式：
名词所有格+名词=名词性物主代词
这个公式正好说明了名词性物主代词就是起到代替名词短语的功能。
名词短语就是以名词为中心词的短语，如：a beautiful day （一个美好的
日子）, the boy’s book （那个男孩的书）。
从以上公式可以看出，名词性物主代词后面是不能跟任何名词的，理解
这一点是运用它们的关键。
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用名词性物主代词填空。
1
1 I have a dog. The dog is ( ).
2 Judy has a dress. The dress is ( ).
3 The man had a bike. The bike was ( ).
3 The money belongs to us. The money is ( ).
4 You own the house. The house is ( ).
5 They are the owners of this company. This company is ( ).
Exercise
Rewrite the 改写句子：将每句下划线处的名词短语换成相应的名词性物主代词。
2 sentences.
1 This is my bike. → This is ( ).
2 That is your toy. → That is ( ).
3 These are his shoes. → These are ( ).
4 Those are our deer. → Those are ( ).
5 These are not their geese. → These are not ( ).
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用名词性物主代词填空。
3
This weekend I’m going to the beach. I am not sure which car I should
take. I could take my mother’s car but I am not sure if _____ is running
properly. I think I will take my father’s car because _____ is new and is
running well. I definitely can’t take _____ because I crashed it last week
when I was driving too fast.
Answer Keys
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用名词性物主代词填空。
1
1 I have a dog. The dog is ( mine ).
2 Judy has a dress. The dress is ( hers ).
3 The man had a bike. The bike was ( his ).
3 The money belongs to us. The money is ( ours ).
4 You own the house. The house is ( yours ).
5 They are the owners of this company. This company is ( theirs ).
Exercise
Rewrite the 改写句子：将每句下划线处的名词短语换成相应的名词性物主代词。
2 sentences.
1 This is my bike. → This is ( mine ).
2 That is your toy. → That is ( yours ).
3 These are his shoes. → These are ( his ).
4 Those are our deer. → Those are ( ours ).
5 These are not their geese. → These are not ( theirs ).
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用名词性物主代词填空。
3
This weekend I’m going to the beach. I am not sure which car I
should take. I could take my mother’s car but I am not sure if hers is
running properly. I think I will take my father’s car because his is
new and is running well. I definitely can’t take mine because I
crashed it last week when I was driving too fast.
English Grammar 英语语法
第5章 Pronouns 代词
第6课 物主代词
OBJECTIVES 学习目标
1 知道物主代词分形容词性和名词性。
2 能正确区分和运用两种物主代词。
Possessive Pronouns & Adjectives
我们已经学了形容词性物主
代词和名词性物主代词，两
者用法的区别是什么？接下
来一一讲解。先看一些句子
对比。
This is my house.
= This house is mine
Possessive Pronouns & Adjectives
This is the man's idea. This is Sam’s book.
= This is his idea. = This is his book.
= This idea is his. = This book is his.
They are the girl's parents.
= They are her parents. This is Tim and Judy's teacher.
= The parents are hers. = This is their teacher.= This teacher is theirs.
Possessive Pronouns & Adjectives
通过以上对比，我们可以总结出这样 打个形象的比喻：有一个魔术师叫“物主代
一个公式： 词”，他养的一条狗叫“名词”，物主代词会
名词所有格=形容词性物主代词 （the 变身，当他变成“形容词性的物主代词”这
girl's = her) 个身份时，他的“名词”就要跟在他身后；
形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代 当他变成“名词性物主代词”这个身份时，
词 (her puppy = hers) 他的“名词”就不能跟在他后面。
这样两者用法的区别一目了然，也就
是说：形容词性物主代词后面必须要
跟一个名词，因为它是“形容词
性”的，要有一个修饰对象跟在它后
面。名词性物主代词则不要被它修饰
的对象跟着后面，当然这个被它修饰
的名词一般是在句子前面某个地方，
也有可能不直接出现，由其他词代
替。
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 根据提示用正确的物主代词填空。
1
1 Judy took _____ toy to school. （she)
2 _____ nose is bigger than hers. (he)
3 Our dog runs faster than _____. (they)
3 I saw a book on the ground. Is it _____？(you)
4 I think _____ school is beautiful. (we)
5 That cell phone is ______. (she)
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用物主代词填空。
2
This weekend I’m going to the beach. I am not sure which car I should take. I
could take ______ mother’s car but I am not sure if _____ is running properly. I
think I will take _____ father’s car because _____ is new and is running well. I
definitely can’t take _____ because I crashed it last week when I was driving
too fast.
Answer Keys
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 根据提示用正确的物主代词填空。
1
1 Judy took her toy to school. （she)
2 His nose is bigger than hers. (he)
3 Our dog runs faster than theirs. (they)
3 I saw a book on the ground. Is it yours？(you)
4 I think our school is beautiful. (we)
5 That cell phone is hers. (she)
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用物主代词填空。
2
This weekend I’m going to the beach. I am not sure which car I should take. I
could take my mother’s car but I am not sure if hers is running properly. I
think I will take my father’s car because his is new and is running well. I
definitely can’t take mine because I crashed it last week when I was driving
too fast.
English Grammar 英语语法
第5章 Pronouns 代词
第7课 反身代词
OBJECTIVES 学习目标
1 熟记所有反身代词。
2 能正确运用反身代词。
Reflexive Pronoun
A reflexive pronoun is a special kind of 反身代词是一种特殊的代词。它通常用
pronoun. It is usually used when the object of a 于句子的宾语和主语相同的情况。反身
sentence is the same as the subject. Reflexive 代词表明做动作的人也是受动作影响的
words show that the person who does the 人，类似于中文的“xxx自己”。
action is also the person who is affected by it.
Reflexive Pronoun
The boy just hurt himself. The girl is looking at herself.
People are enjoying themselves. The band call themselves “the Beatles”.
Reflexive Pronoun
He taught himself to read. I learn all by myself.
Help yourself. Get yourself dressed.
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 根据句意填出反身代词。
1
1 I made this cake _____.
2 Be careful with the knife. You might cut _____.
3 Judy likes looking at ______ in the mirror.
4 We made it all by ______.
5 Babies are too young to take care of _____.
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 选择正确的反身代词填空。
2
herself themselves myself himself ourselves
1 Nobody can help us. We have to help _____.
2 Judy always eats a meal all by ______.
3 I hurt _____ during the break.
4 Students should do the homework ______.
5 He is talking to _____.
Answer Keys
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 根据句意填出反身代词。
1
1 I made this cake myself.
2 Be careful with the knife. You might cut yourself.
3 Judy likes looking at herself in the mirror.
4 We made it all by ourselves.
5 Babies are too young to take care of themselves.
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 选择正确的反身代词填空。
2
herself themselves myself himself ourselves
1 Nobody can help us. We have to help ourselves.
2 Judy always eats a meal all by herself.
3 I hurt myself during the break.
4 Students should do the homework themselves.
5 He is talking to himself.