图说英语：中考语法冠词体系（PDF版）

English Grammar 英语语法
第3章 Articles 冠词
第1课 不定冠词
OBJECTIVES 学习目标
1 知道冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。
2 能正确使用不定冠词。
What Is An Article
An article is a little word that come A & An
before a noun (a person, place, or The words a and an are called general
thing). English articles include a, (or indefinite) articles. You can use
an, and the. them with singular nouns to talk
冠词是位于名词（人、地方或 about any single person or thing.
事物）前的一个小词。英语冠 单词a和an被称为不定冠词。你可
词包括a、an和the。 以将它们放在单数名词前面一起
用来谈论任何一个人或事物。
A
Simply speaking, when we see a 简单地说，当我们第一次看到一个单
single person or thing for the first 数的人或物的时候，比如一天我们走
time, i.e. “tiger”, we might say 在路上，突然看到前面有头老虎，我
们可能会说“来了一头老虎”。“一”这
“Here comes a tiger.” 个词就是a/an。当然后面我们会学到
数词one，它也表示“一”，主要在数学
Here comes 计算的时候使用。
a tiger!
a tiger
These are singular nouns with “a”.
a boy a man a girl
An
We use “an” before words beginning with vowel sounds
(mostly a, e, i, o, u). For example, say: an axe/an igloo/an
egg/an orange/an envelope an umbrella/an ice cream/an
uncle
我们在以元音开头的单词之前使用“an”（主要是a、
e、i、o、u开头的单词）。例如： 斧头/冰屋/鸡蛋/桔
子/信封/雨伞/冰淇淋/叔叔
An
We use an (not a) before these words that begin with h
(because the letter h is silent):
an heir
an honor
an hour
我们在这些以h开头的单词之前使用an（而不是a）
（因为字母h是不发音的）：
一个继承人
一种荣誉
一个小时
A
But some words don’t follow this rule. 但有些词不符合这个规则。
For example, use a (not an) before 例如，在这些以u开头的单
these words that begin with u 词之前使用a（而不是an）
(because u here doesn’t make a vowel （因为这里的u不发元
sound): 音）：
a uniform 一件制服
a university 一所大学
a unicorn 一头独角兽
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用a或an填空。
1
1 Judy wants ( ) pair of socks.
2 Who doesn’t want ( ) iPad
3 I have ( ) electric guitar.
4 Larry is holding ( ) umbrella in his hand.
5 The professor visits ( ) university every year.
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用a或an填空。
1
6 Are you going to buy ( ) car
7 I wish I could fly like ( ) bird.
8 There is ( ) shadow hanging over me.
9 You have been watching TV for ( ) hour.
10 ( ) apple a day keeps the doctor away.
Exercise
Find the articles. 用下划线勾出下列段落中的所有不定冠词。
2
I live in a big city. There is a shopping mall called New Century.
I like to buy clothes at the mall. The city also has a park called
Central Park. It takes an hour to walk to the park from my
home. Does your hometown have a big park
the doctor away.
Answer Keys
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用a或an填空。
1
1 Judy wants ( a ) pair of socks.
2 Who doesn’t want ( an ) iPad
3 I have ( an ) electric guitar.
4 Larry is holding ( an ) umbrella in his hand.
5 The professor visits ( a ) university every year.
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用a或an填空。
1
6 Are you going to buy ( a ) car
7 I wish I could fly like ( a ) bird.
8 There is ( a ) shadow hanging over me.
9 You have been watching TV for ( an ) hour.
10 ( An ) apple a day keeps the doctor away.
Exercise
Find the articles. 用下划线勾出下列段落中的所有不定冠词。
2
I live in a big city. There is a shopping mall called New Century.
I like to buy clothes at the mall. The city also has a park called
Central Park. It takes an hour to walk to the park from my
home. Does your hometown have a big park
English Grammar 英语语法
第3章 Articles 冠词
第2课 定冠词
OBJECTIVES 学习目标
1 知道定冠词只有the。
2 能正确使用定冠词the。
The
The word “the” is called the “the”一词被称为定冠词。当你在谈论某
specific (or definite) article. Use 个确定的人或事物时，在名词前加上
the。可以把the理解成是给某个确定的事
the before a noun when you are 物进行标记的记号，所以判断一个名词
talking about a certain person or 是否需要用the只需关注该词的“确定
thing. 性”。
When do we use “the” 接下来讨论需要使用“the”的具体情形。
1. For the second mention of the previous noun
第二次提及
When we see a tiger for the first 一天我们走在路上，突然看到前面有
time, we might say “Here comes a 头老虎(这是第一次提到老虎），我们
可能会说，“来了一（a)头老虎”。然
tiger.”Then we keep talking about 后我们继续谈论它。我们觉得它很危
it. We think it’s dangerous, so we 险，所以我们接下来可能会说，“这
might say “The tiger is （the)头老虎很危险。” （这是第二次
dangerous.” Here comes a 提到这只老虎,不是说的其他老虎，所
tiger! The tiger is 以具有确定性了）
dangerous.
a tiger
For the second mention of the previous noun
第二次提及
This is a boy. The boy has This is a man. The man is This is a girl. The girl has
a camera. tall. a puppy.
2. When the general noun followed by “that”-clause
当中心名词后跟“that"从句
When a noun is followed by the word “that” and information that describes it (called an
adjective clause), use “the” before the noun.
当名词后跟“that”和描述它的信息（称为定语从句）时，在名词之前使用the。
I was frightened
by the tiger that I The next day I told my friend about what I saw the previous day. I said, “I was frightened by the tiger
met yesterday. that I met yesterday.
第二天我把前一天看到的事告诉了我的朋
友。我说：“我被昨天遇到的老虎吓坏了。(这
头tiger不是其他的任何一头tiger, 我只指的是
昨天遇到的那头，这个描述信息保证了这个
tiger已经得到确定。）
3. When there is only one of the noun
名词具有唯一性
When there is only one of the noun in
the whole world or the universe,
“the”comes before the noun.
当该名词（一般为事物）在全世
界或全宇宙中的存在具有唯一性 the sun the moon
时，在该词前面使用the。（常见
于天文，地理，艺术作品方面的
事物）全世界唯一存在的东西，
无论何时提到它 ，都是确定的。
the Great Wall
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用a, an或the填空。
1
1 ( ) owl 6 ( ) computer
2 ( ) rocket 7 ( ) Statue of Liberty
3 ( ) apron 8 ( ) animal
4 ( ) sun 9 ( ) European country
5 ( ) page 10 ( ) Changjiang River
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用a, an或the完成下列句子。
2
1 There is ( ) fish in （ ） fish bowl.
2 Who is ( ) girl outside ( ) school gate
3 ( ) nurse gave Judy ( ) injection.
4 Adam is ( ) only child in ( ) family.
5 What is ( ) fastest animal in ( ) world
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用a, an或the完成下列句子。
2
6 There is ( ) nest in ( ) tree.
7 Judy is writing ( ) e-mail to her dad.
8 We finally made it to ( ) top of ( ) hill.
9 If I were ( ) astronaut, I would walk on ( ) moon.
10 He who has never been to ( ) Great Wall is not ( ) true man.
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用a, an, the或0（0表示不填任何词）完成下列句子。
3
1 Did I tell you ( ) story that I read last night
2 Jim needs ( ) new dresses.
3 Chinese people usually eat ( ) rice.
4 Bob is reading ( ) e-book.
5 There are ( ) children in the classroom.
Answer Keys
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用a, an或the填空。
1
1（ an ) owl 6 ( a ) computer
2 ( a ) rocket 7 ( the ) Statue of Liberty
3 ( an ) apron 8 ( an ) animal
4 ( the ) sun 9 ( a ) European country
5 ( a ) page 10 ( the ) Changjiang River
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用a, an或the完成下列句子。
2
1 There is ( a ) fish in （ the ） fish bowl.
2 Who is ( the ) girl outside ( the ) school gate
3 ( The ) nurse gave Judy ( an ) injection.
4 Adam is ( the ) only child in ( the ) family.
5 What is ( the ) fastest animal in ( the ) world
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用a, an或the完成下列句子。
2
6 There is ( a ) nest in ( the ) tree.
7 Judy is writing ( an ) e-mail to her dad.
8 We finally made it to ( the ) top of ( the ) hill.
9 If I were ( an ) astronaut, I would walk on ( the ) moon.
10 He who has never been to ( the ) Great Wall is not ( a ) true
man.
Exercise
Fill in the blanks. 用a, an, the或0（0表示不填任何词）完成下列句子。
3
1 Did I tell you ( that ) story that I read last night
2 Jim needs ( 0 ) new dresses.
3 Chinese people usually eat ( 0 ) rice.
4 Bob is reading ( an ) e-book.
5 There are ( 0 ) children in the classroom.