2023年高考英语说明文阅读理解专题练习（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2023年高考英语说明文阅读理解专题练习（含答案） |  | |
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2023年高考英语说明文阅读理解专题练习（附答案）
1．阅读理解
Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin(普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind.
"I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin," said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.
He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinese-speaking friends. While it's a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. "Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power," he said.
Many experts agree that proficiency(熟练) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.
"People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing fast," said Marty Abbott, director of the American Council(议会) on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. "We're seeing it in all parts of the country."
Abbott predicts that as many as 100,000 students are now studying Mandarin in public and private schools throughout the US. She said the US government has designated (指定) Mandarin as an "important needs" language and provides professional development programs for teachers. "Our government wants to increase our language ability for national security and economic competitiveness," Abbott added.
At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes set up in many US states. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas in Dallas has been the home of a Confucius Institute for 10 years. It sponsors Confucius Classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin.
（1）Why did Thomas Cheatham decide to study Mandarin instead of Latin
A．Mandarin was easier to learn than Latin.
B．Mandarin could be helpful to his future career.
C．Mandarin might help him learn more about China.
D．Mandarin could enable him to study computer engineering.
（2）The underlined word "edge" in Paragraph 4 probably means " ".
A．a slight advantage B．the outside limit
C．a sharp tone of voice D．an exciting quality
（3）Which of the following statements might Marty Abbott agree with
A．Mandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US.
B．Those skilled at Chinese will be the most competitive in the future.
C．The US government's policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US.
D．Americans learn Mandarin because they worry about their national security.
（4）What does the author mainly talk about in this passage
A．The rising popularity of Mandarin among American students.
B．The great benefits of learning Mandarin for American students.
C．The influence of China's growing power on American education.
D．The effect of Confucius Institutes in promoting Mandarin in the US.
2．阅读理解
Inmost parts of the world, as far back as anyone can remember , there has been apuppet (木偶) tradition. Although someof us think of puppets as children's entertainment, they were----and often stillare used to tell serious stories to adult audiences. Even in these days ofspecial effects, the puppet the atre still has a special place in many cultures.
Thebest known puppet characters in Britain are Punch and Judy, glove puppets withwoodenheads. In summer, one basic play of about half an hour is performed onbeaches all around Britain .Mr. Punch, who has an enormous nose and wears acurved hat, gets into trouble and has arguments with his wife, Judy. Apoliceman, a crocodile, and a hangman, and all of them run after Mr. Punch. He,of course, invariably manages to survive to fight another day.
InBelgium wooden puppets first appeared in the 1820s in cities like liege. Theliege puppets are in fact string puppets without strings！They have a single rod (棒) attached to theirheads, which means the puppeteers aren't able to raise the arms and legs, butcan move the body up and down and the head from side to side. Many of thestories used to be historical or religious but it is Tchantches, a comiccharacter with patched trousers and a big black hat, who is the best lovedcharacter today. Like Mr. Punch, he is a simple man who is also greedy,quarrelsome and lazy. He makes fun of everyone, but is often warm--hearted andtender.
（1）We can learn from the first paragraph that______________.
A．puppets are much more popular nowadays. B．people prefer puppets to special effects
C．puppets were mainly intended for children D．people used puppets to make fun for adults
（2）The underlined word "invariably" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___________.
A．constantly B．naturally C．immediately D．bravely
（3）The biggest difference between puppets in Britain and puppets in Belgium is their___________.
A．performing time B．operating ways
C．producing material D．decorating characters
（4）The passage is mainly about__________________.
A．different kinds of puppets B．how puppets came into being
C．why puppets are popular D．story---telling through puppets
3．阅读理解
Mary Anning was an English fossil collector, dealer and paleontologist(古生物学家). Her fossil-hunting helpedchange the way people thought about the world.
Mary was born into a poor family in Englandon May 21, 1799. She lived in the seaside town of Lyme Regis, in Dorset. Thefamily had nine children. Only Mary and her brother Joseph grew up. Mary'sfather took his children along the beach. They picked up shells and stones tosell to visitors. Mary did not go to school much. Her family was too poor. Andschools did not teach children about fossils. Mary could read and write. Shetaught herself. She learned about rocks and how bodies are made.
In 1811 when Mary and Joseph were fossilhunting, Joseph saw a bone sticking out of the rock. Mary had a hammer to chipaway at the rock. Very carefully she uncovered it. She found the first completefossil of the ichthyosaur(鱼龙).
Since then, Mary became crazy about fossilhunting. She liked to hunt on the beach after a storm. The wind, rain and wavesmade the rocks crumble. It was easy to spot fossils. Most days Mary wentfossil hunting with her dog, Tray.
Rich friends helped Mary by sellingfossils for her. They sent her money. Scientists wrote letters and came to seeher. One good friend was William Buckland, a professor at Oxford University.Mary also opened a shop to sell fossils, stones and shells. She chatted withvisitors.
Mary Anning died in 1847. How evolution(进化)works was explained byCharles Darwin not long after Mary died. Her fossils had helped scientistsunderstand how things began.
（1）Why did Mary's father take his children along the beach
A．To enjoy life. B．To make a living.
C．To look for fossils. D．To teach them about fossils.
（2）What can we learn about Mary
A．Her father was a paleontologist. B．Her father educated her at home.
C．She had nine brothers and sisters in all. D．She might be popular at that time.
（3）Who was the first one to catch sight of the rock containing the first complete ichthyosaur fossil
A．Charles Darwin. B．Mary's dog.
C．Mary. D．Joseph.
（4）What does the underlined word "crumble" in the fourth paragraph means
A．break B．shake C．float D．dive
4．阅读理解
Two young giant-panda twins born in the United States have returned home to China, but are straggling to adapt to the language and food.
The 3-year-old sisters, Mei Lun and Mei Huan, wens the first surviving panda twins to be born in the United States, and were returned to China from Zoo Atlanta on Nov. 5. But the pair still understand English belter than Chinese, and prefer American biscuits to Chinese bread.
A zoo-keeper said that his main concern is that the pair are so addicted to American biscuits that everything they eat — from bamboos to apples — has to be mixed with biscuits. They even want to snack on (零食) biscuits when drinking water.
The zoo -keeper is trying to wean them off their biscuit habit, gradually replacing the American food with Chinese bread. Mei Huan is adapting, but Mei Lun doesn't want to touch the unfamiliar bread.
Mei Lun is the livelier of the two, often jumping onto the roof and hanging upside down from a rail, but her slightly younger sister Mei Huan is calmer, preferring to sit still, observe her new environment and occasionally snack on bamboo.
A language barrier is also reported. While the pair respond to their own names, and understand some English phrases such as “come here,” they don't understand the Sichuan dialect of Chinese.
The news caused some laughter on Chinese social media, with some users commenting that the pandas would soon get used to Sichuan's famously spicy cuisine.
（1）Based on the passage, which statement do you think is right
A．The panda twins can fit in well in Sichuan.
B．The panda twins are only fond of Sichuan food and dishes.
C．The panda twins have been used to the new environment very quickly.
D．It's hard for the panda twins to get used to the new environment soon.
（2）What does the underlined part “wean them off” in the fourth paragraph mean
A．help them get rid of. B．help them form.
C．help them strengthen. D．help them keep.
（3）From the passage we learn that of the two sisters .
A．Mei Huan mainly eats bamboo B．Mei Lun is living a more active life
C．Mei Huan is not smarter than Mei Lun D．Mei Lun is as quiet as her younger sister
5．阅读理解
If humans were truly at home under thelight of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnightworld as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead,we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. Thisis a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselvesas diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to thenight: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineeringcome with consequences — called light pollution — whose effects scientists areonly now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of badlighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward intothe sky. Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completelychanges the light levels — and light rhythms — to which many forms of life,including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the naturalworld, some aspect or life is affected. In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars,leaving behind a vacant haze (霾)that mirrors our fear of the dark. We've grown so used to this orange haze thatthe original glory of an unlit night, — dark enough for the planet Venus tothrow shadow on Earth — is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We've lit up the night as if it were anunoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammalsalone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerfulbiological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet (磁铁). The effect is so powerfulthat scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being "captured" bysearchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highwayssuffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter thannormal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, includingtheir nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollutionthan the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is asessential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as lightitself. Living in a glare of our ownmaking, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and culturalheritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a veryreal sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in theuniverse, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against thedimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy-archingoverhead.
（1）What does the underlined word "it" (Paragraph 1) most probably refer to
A．The moon. B．The night. C．The sky. D．The planet.
（2）The writer mentions birds and frogs to _________.
A．show how light pollution affects animals
B．provide examples of animal protection
C．compare the living habits of both species
D．explain why the number of certain species has declined
（3）It is implied in the last paragraph that ___________.
A．human beings cannot go to the outer space
B．light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals
C．human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
D．light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
（4）What might be the best title for the passage
A．The Magic Light. B．The Orange Haze.
C．The Rhythms of Nature. D．The Disappearing Night.
答 案
1．（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）A 2．（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）D
3．（1）B（2）D（3）D（4）A 4．（1）D（2）A（3）B
5．（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）D
1．阅读理解
Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin(普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind.
"I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin," said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.
He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinese-speaking friends. While it's a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. "Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power," he said.
Many experts agree that proficiency(熟练) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.
"People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing fast," said Marty Abbott, director of the American Council(议会) on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. "We're seeing it in all parts of the country."
Abbott predicts that as many as 100,000 students are now studying Mandarin in public and private schools throughout the US. She said the US government has designated (指定) Mandarin as an "important needs" language and provides professional development programs for teachers. "Our government wants to increase our language ability for national security and economic competitiveness," Abbott added.
At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes set up in many US states. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas in Dallas has been the home of a Confucius Institute for 10 years. It sponsors Confucius Classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin.
（1）Why did Thomas Cheatham decide to study Mandarin instead of Latin
A．Mandarin was easier to learn than Latin.
B．Mandarin could be helpful to his future career.
C．Mandarin might help him learn more about China.
D．Mandarin could enable him to study computer engineering.
（2）The underlined word "edge" in Paragraph 4 probably means " ".
A．a slight advantage B．the outside limit
C．a sharp tone of voice D．an exciting quality
（3）Which of the following statements might Marty Abbott agree with
A．Mandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US.
B．Those skilled at Chinese will be the most competitive in the future.
C．The US government's policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US.
D．Americans learn Mandarin because they worry about their national security.
（4）What does the author mainly talk about in this passage
A．The rising popularity of Mandarin among American students.
B．The great benefits of learning Mandarin for American students.
C．The influence of China's growing power on American education.
D．The effect of Confucius Institutes in promoting Mandarin in the US.
2．阅读理解
Inmost parts of the world, as far back as anyone can remember , there has been apuppet (木偶) tradition. Although someof us think of puppets as children's entertainment, they were----and often stillare used to tell serious stories to adult audiences. Even in these days ofspecial effects, the puppet the atre still has a special place in many cultures.
Thebest known puppet characters in Britain are Punch and Judy, glove puppets withwoodenheads. In summer, one basic play of about half an hour is performed onbeaches all around Britain .Mr. Punch, who has an enormous nose and wears acurved hat, gets into trouble and has arguments with his wife, Judy. Apoliceman, a crocodile, and a hangman, and all of them run after Mr. Punch. He,of course, invariably manages to survive to fight another day.
InBelgium wooden puppets first appeared in the 1820s in cities like liege. Theliege puppets are in fact string puppets without strings！They have a single rod (棒) attached to theirheads, which means the puppeteers aren't able to raise the arms and legs, butcan move the body up and down and the head from side to side. Many of thestories used to be historical or religious but it is Tchantches, a comiccharacter with patched trousers and a big black hat, who is the best lovedcharacter today. Like Mr. Punch, he is a simple man who is also greedy,quarrelsome and lazy. He makes fun of everyone, but is often warm--hearted andtender.
（1）We can learn from the first paragraph that______________.
A．puppets are much more popular nowadays. B．people prefer puppets to special effects
C．puppets were mainly intended for children D．people used puppets to make fun for adults
（2）The underlined word "invariably" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___________.
A．constantly B．naturally C．immediately D．bravely
（3）The biggest difference between puppets in Britain and puppets in Belgium is their___________.
A．performing time B．operating ways
C．producing material D．decorating characters
（4）The passage is mainly about__________________.
A．different kinds of puppets B．how puppets came into being
C．why puppets are popular D．story---telling through puppets
3．阅读理解
Mary Anning was an English fossil collector, dealer and paleontologist(古生物学家). Her fossil-hunting helpedchange the way people thought about the world.
Mary was born into a poor family in Englandon May 21, 1799. She lived in the seaside town of Lyme Regis, in Dorset. Thefamily had nine children. Only Mary and her brother Joseph grew up. Mary'sfather took his children along the beach. They picked up shells and stones tosell to visitors. Mary did not go to school much. Her family was too poor. Andschools did not teach children about fossils. Mary could read and write. Shetaught herself. She learned about rocks and how bodies are made.
In 1811 when Mary and Joseph were fossilhunting, Joseph saw a bone sticking out of the rock. Mary had a hammer to chipaway at the rock. Very carefully she uncovered it. She found the first completefossil of the ichthyosaur(鱼龙).
Since then, Mary became crazy about fossilhunting. She liked to hunt on the beach after a storm. The wind, rain and wavesmade the rocks crumble. It was easy to spot fossils. Most days Mary wentfossil hunting with her dog, Tray.
Rich friends helped Mary by sellingfossils for her. They sent her money. Scientists wrote letters and came to seeher. One good friend was William Buckland, a professor at Oxford University.Mary also opened a shop to sell fossils, stones and shells. She chatted withvisitors.
Mary Anning died in 1847. How evolution(进化)works was explained byCharles Darwin not long after Mary died. Her fossils had helped scientistsunderstand how things began.
（1）Why did Mary's father take his children along the beach
A．To enjoy life. B．To make a living.
C．To look for fossils. D．To teach them about fossils.
（2）What can we learn about Mary
A．Her father was a paleontologist. B．Her father educated her at home.
C．She had nine brothers and sisters in all. D．She might be popular at that time.
（3）Who was the first one to catch sight of the rock containing the first complete ichthyosaur fossil
A．Charles Darwin. B．Mary's dog.
C．Mary. D．Joseph.
（4）What does the underlined word "crumble" in the fourth paragraph means
A．break B．shake C．float D．dive
4．阅读理解
Two young giant-panda twins born in the United States have returned home to China, but are straggling to adapt to the language and food.
The 3-year-old sisters, Mei Lun and Mei Huan, wens the first surviving panda twins to be born in the United States, and were returned to China from Zoo Atlanta on Nov. 5. But the pair still understand English belter than Chinese, and prefer American biscuits to Chinese bread.
A zoo-keeper said that his main concern is that the pair are so addicted to American biscuits that everything they eat — from bamboos to apples — has to be mixed with biscuits. They even want to snack on (零食) biscuits when drinking water.
The zoo -keeper is trying to wean them off their biscuit habit, gradually replacing the American food with Chinese bread. Mei Huan is adapting, but Mei Lun doesn't want to touch the unfamiliar bread.
Mei Lun is the livelier of the two, often jumping onto the roof and hanging upside down from a rail, but her slightly younger sister Mei Huan is calmer, preferring to sit still, observe her new environment and occasionally snack on bamboo.
A language barrier is also reported. While the pair respond to their own names, and understand some English phrases such as “come here,” they don't understand the Sichuan dialect of Chinese.
The news caused some laughter on Chinese social media, with some users commenting that the pandas would soon get used to Sichuan's famously spicy cuisine.
（1）Based on the passage, which statement do you think is right
A．The panda twins can fit in well in Sichuan.
B．The panda twins are only fond of Sichuan food and dishes.
C．The panda twins have been used to the new environment very quickly.
D．It's hard for the panda twins to get used to the new environment soon.
（2）What does the underlined part “wean them off” in the fourth paragraph mean
A．help them get rid of. B．help them form.
C．help them strengthen. D．help them keep.
（3）From the passage we learn that of the two sisters .
A．Mei Huan mainly eats bamboo B．Mei Lun is living a more active life
C．Mei Huan is not smarter than Mei Lun D．Mei Lun is as quiet as her younger sister
5．阅读理解
If humans were truly at home under thelight of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnightworld as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead,we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. Thisis a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselvesas diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to thenight: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineeringcome with consequences — called light pollution — whose effects scientists areonly now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of badlighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward intothe sky. Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completelychanges the light levels — and light rhythms — to which many forms of life,including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the naturalworld, some aspect or life is affected. In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars,leaving behind a vacant haze (霾)that mirrors our fear of the dark. We've grown so used to this orange haze thatthe original glory of an unlit night, — dark enough for the planet Venus tothrow shadow on Earth — is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We've lit up the night as if it were anunoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammalsalone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerfulbiological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet (磁铁). The effect is so powerfulthat scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being "captured" bysearchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highwayssuffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter thannormal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, includingtheir nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollutionthan the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is asessential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as lightitself. Living in a glare of our ownmaking, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and culturalheritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a veryreal sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in theuniverse, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against thedimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy-archingoverhead.
（1）What does the underlined word "it" (Paragraph 1) most probably refer to
A．The moon. B．The night. C．The sky. D．The planet.
（2）The writer mentions birds and frogs to _________.
A．show how light pollution affects animals
B．provide examples of animal protection
C．compare the living habits of both species
D．explain why the number of certain species has declined
（3）It is implied in the last paragraph that ___________.
A．human beings cannot go to the outer space
B．light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals
C．human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
D．light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
（4）What might be the best title for the passage
A．The Magic Light. B．The Orange Haze.
C．The Rhythms of Nature. D．The Disappearing Night.
答 案
1．（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）A 2．（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）D
3．（1）B（2）D（3）D（4）A 4．（1）D（2）A（3）B
5．（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）D