新高考英语语法表格式详解讲义：短语动词
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
短语动词
短语动词分类：
短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组，其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些相当于不及物动词。
类别 例示
1. 动词+介词动词加at，for，from，into，of，to，with构成的短语动词总是动介型的。这类短语动词相当于及物动词，其后必须有宾语，宾语(不管是代词或名词)只能放在介词后，不能放在动词和介词之间。在被动语态中，整个短语动词要作为整体看待，不可拆开或漏缺介词。 1. The police are looking into the matter. (主动语态) = The matter is being looked into by the police. (被动语态)2. My mother is ill and I must look after my mother at home. (名词) = Mymother is ill and I must look after her. (代词宾格)
考试大纲和教材中常见的这类短语动词apply for申请，请求 go for努力获取 appeal to投合；呼吁；上诉arrive at[in]到达 attend to处理；关照 adapt to适应(新环境等)ask for请求；向……要 relate to理解；同情 play with玩；玩耍；游戏believe in相信，信仰 benefit from得益于 break into闯入come across(偶然)遇见 deal with处理，应付 do with处理，使用pay for付钱，支付，付代价point to指向…… rely on依靠，信赖；指望 send for派人去叫[请]talk about谈到，谈论 talk of谈到，说到 talk with[to]和……交谈point at指示；指向agree with赞成……意见；符合 add to增加，增添 allow for顾及，考虑，体谅aim at瞄准；旨在，针对 argue about争辩 call at访问(某地)，停泊在call on访问；号召；邀请 care for照管；喜欢 call for去取[接]，要求，需要comment on评述，评论 refer to提到；查询 contribute to有助于；投稿consist of由……组[构]成 die of 病(饿、冻)死 stand for代表，象征 tend to朝向；趋于suffer from遭受(病痛、损失) burst into突然……起来 centre on集中于。concentrate on专心致志于 cater to满足(需求) amount for说明；占(数目)stick to坚持；粘到……上；忠于 stick with坚持做，live with忍受；与……同住worry about担心 complain of[about]抱怨 lead to通向；导致；产生 result in结果，终归，导致look after照料，看管 look into调查；浏览 object to反对，抗议，不同意dream of梦见，空想 feel like觉得想做… hear from收到来信 hear of听说care about担心；关心 run after追赶 hunt for搜索；追求；寻找insist on坚持要，强调 knock at[on]敲(门，窗) knock into撞在……身上laugh at嘲笑 listen to听……(讲话) live on靠……生活long for渴望，思慕 depend on依靠[赖]think about考虑，思索，回忆 think of想起，想出 wait for等候；等待
类别 示例
2. 及物动词+副词及物动词加ahead, away，aside，back，in，off，out，forward，on，over，up等构成的动副型短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以用于被动语态，也可有宾语。如果宾语是名词，即可以放在副词之前，也可放在副词之后,如果宾语是人称代词宾格只能放在动词和副词中间。 The house is on fire. Let's put the fire out. (√)=The house is on fire. Let's put out the fire. (√)=The house is on fire. Let's put it out. (√)=The house is on fire. Let's put out it. (×)考试大纲和教材中常见的这类短语动词:
bring in引进；引来 call off取消，停止 cut off切断[掉]，断绝keep out不许入内leave out省去；遗漏 let in让进来let out放出；泄露tear down拆毁；拆除drive off开走；赶走；击退lock up把……锁起来look up查寻cut out割掉，关闭dress up打扮；装饰 act out把……表演出来hand out分发，交给 join up连接起来 pay off还[付]清(债务pick out挑出；辨别出pull down拆毁，拉倒，推翻pull up把……往上拽hold up举起；延迟；耽搁roll up使成筒[卷、球]形hold back隐瞒；阻止；扣留find out查明，发现 give out分发；放出 get across使被理解；讲清楚give up放弃;中止，停止 clear up清扫；整理；消除hand in递交，交上 ring up打电话 see off为某人送行sell out卖完 send up发射 set up建立；创立；竖立take over接收；接管take in欺骗；吸收 call up召集；使想起；调动throw away扔掉ring back回电话 turn off关掉(电器等)turn on旋开(电器等)work out算出；解决；制定出light up照亮；点(烟) cheer up(使)感到振奋cut up切碎；剪碎 give off释放；放出use up用完；耗尽 wipe out消灭；擦掉；去除cool off变凉；冷静dig up挖出；掘起tear up撕毁；取消(合同)leave alone不管，不理 set aside留出；拨出；储蓄ring off挂断电话 put forward提出；建议；推荐calm down(使)镇静 call in召集；打电话 point out指出 tie up系；拴；捆send off寄出；派遣；给送行take off脱下；营救 make up构成；编造pay off解雇；不理；使下岗put on穿上；上演；欺骗 give away泄露；赠送put out出版；扑灭；关掉add up把……加起来leave behind忘带；留下 knock down击倒；撞倒do up打扮；梳妆tell apart分辨；区别 wear out把……穿坏；磨坏 slow down减缓；减速turn down关小；调低；拒绝carry out进行；开展；执行round up赶拢；围捕 bring up培养；提出；呕吐put away储藏，储蓄let down不支持；使失望make out认出；听出put off取消；推迟；拖延pick up拣起；收听；车接open up开设；开业；开放try on试穿[戴](衣、帽)try out试验；尝试
类别 例示
3. 不及物动词+副词不及物动词加away, in, back, off，out, on, down, to, through, up等副词，相当于一个不及物动词，这种结构的短语动词不能用于被动语态，也不能接宾语 1. The Second World War broke out in September，1939. 2. He took off yesterday for Beijing. 3. Your health will break down if you work too hard. 4. He said he would come, but hasn't turned up yet. 考试大纲和教材中常见的这类短语动词
come down下来；落 come on赶快；来吧；跟着来 come out花开；发芽；出版come over顺便来访 come to苏醒过来 cool off变凉；冷却；冷静die away逐渐消失 die down变弱；平息；消失 die out灭绝；逐渐消失stay away不在家,外出 stay up不睡；熬夜 take off成功[名]；(飞机)起飞turn around转过身；转过来 turn up出现；露面；到场 watch out注意；当心set off出发；动身；起程 drop off下车 drop out退出 get around四处走动；活动break down出故障[毛病] break out(战争、火灾、等)发生 carry on坚持[继续]下去come about发生，改变方向 come along 一道来；进步[展] come back回来；恢复look up向上看；抬头看 pass away去世；逝世 ring off挂断电话pull out驶出；离站 run away逃跑；流失；逃走；逃脱 run out耗尽 rush out冲出去 get away逃，离 get back回来；返回 get down下来[车]；落下get through通过；打通电话 hold on等一等；(电话)不挂断 give in让步；投降；屈服hold back退缩；踌躇 hurry up赶快；快点 go away离开go back回去 go out外出；(灯火)熄灭 go up上升；增长；攀登get up起床 grow up长大；成长 look out当心；留神；注意set out出发；开始；上路
4. 动词+名词+介词这类短语动词相当于及物动词，需要接宾语，大多可以用于被动语态，而且常有两种构成方式：把短语动词中的名词用作被动语态句的主语，或把短语动词后的介词宾语用作被动语态句的主语 You must make good use of any opportunity to practise English. =Any opportunity must be made good use of to practise English. =Good use should be made of any opportunity to practise English. 考试大纲和教材中常见的这类短语动词
make sense of弄懂……意思；理解 take possession of拥有；占有 take the place of代替；接替throw light on说[阐]明；使清楚 lay foundation of为……打基础 play tricks on捉弄；诈骗keep pace with赶上；跟上catch[seize，take，lay]hold of抓住 catch a glimpse of瞥见 catch sight of看见make sentences with用……造句 make use of利用 pay attention to注意；留意take part in参加；参与 have an eye for/on有眼力；找便宜 set an example to为……树榜样 set fire to放火烧set sail(to/from/for…)起航 shake hands with与……握手 take account of考虑take advantage of利用，趁机 take care of照料；注意；留神 lose sight of看不见have an effect on对……有影响[效果] keep an eye on留意 put an end to结束have an eye out for留心；注意 have mercy on对·…··怜悯 come to terms with甘心忍受；处理 draw attention to注意 find fault with挑……的毛病get hold of抓住；拿住；握住 get rid of摆脱 give rise to引起keep[stay]in touch with与保持联系 keep track of保持联系 take pride in感到自豪take notice of注意；留心；款待 make friends with与......交友 make fun of取笑；嘲笑make preparations for为……准备 make room for给……腾地方
类 别 例 示
5. 动词+副词+介词这类短语动词相当于及物动词，需要接宾语，大多也可以用于被动语态 1. I can't put up with their bad behavior any longer. 2. I have to work hard to keep up with the other students. 3. Hard work can often make up for a lack of intelligence. 4. The teachers want to do away with cheating in the school. 考试大纲和教材中常见的这类短语动词
break away from 摆脱；脱离 add up to合计达，等于 catch up with 赶上come up with 提出，想出(主意等) come up to 达到；符合 date back to 追溯到do away with 废除；取消 drop in at 顺便访问某地 drop in on 顺便走访某人 drop out of 从......中退出；辍学 end up with 以……告终 fall in love with 爱上 fill up with 用……装满 fit in(with) 与……相适应[协调] get along[on]with 进展；相处get through to 理解；打通电话 come in for 得到；受到 face up to 面对 get away with 逃离 go down on one’s knees 跪下 get down to 认真从事go on with 继续做某事 go in for 赞成；参加；爱好 go through with 完成 hold on to 抓[留，保]住 keep away from 避免 keep up with 跟上；不落后listen in to 听广播 look down on 轻视；蔑视 live up to 做到；不辜负(期望) look forward to 期待；盼望 look up to 尊敬；仰望 look out of 警惕；留心 make up for 补偿；赔偿 make up to 接近；巴结；讨好 pull out of 从……中退出
6. 动词+反身代词 +介词这类短语动词相当于及物动词，其后可接宾语，如果不用反身代词，有的需用被动语态 Thescientist devoted himself to the research of outer space. =The scientist was devoted to the research of outer space. 考试大纲和教材中常见的这类短语动词
congratulate oneself on庆幸自己 adjust oneself to使调整适应treat oneself to舍得(吃；穿；喝等) throw oneself into积极投身于apply oneself to专注于 lose oneself in埋头于；专心于 dress oneself in穿(衣服) express oneself in用……表达思想help oneself to自取[用](某物) find oneself in发现自己处于 addict oneself to沉溺于 amuse oneself with[ by]以……自娱make oneself at home随便，不拘束 prepare oneself for使自己准备好abandon oneself to沉溺于；陷入 accustom oneself to使习惯于address oneself to忙于 adapt oneself to使自己适应于devote oneself’to致力[专心] pride oneself in以……自豪
常用短语动词
类 别 例 示
v.+ about complain about 抱怨 concern about 关心；挂念 inquire about 询问go about 着手；走动 hear about 听说 come about 发生；产生speak about 谈到；谈论 argue about 争论 ask about 打听；探寻 bother abut 麻烦；烦扰 forget about 忘记bring about 引起；产生；导致 care about 关心；在乎 think about 考虑；回想 know about 了解 quarrel about 为......争吵 read about 读到；阅悉set about 开始；着手 worry about 为......担心 talk about 讲；谈论
v. +across get across 传播；为人理解 run across 偶然碰见[遇见] come across 无意发现；偶遇 cut across 抄近路；穿过
v.+ after long after 渴望 look after 照顾；看管；寻求 take after 长得像go after 追逐；追求；跟随 name after 以……命名 run after 追求；跟踪
v.+ against warn against谨防 prevent against预防 provide against预备 protest against抗议 protect......against防卫 compete against与......竞争 argue against 反对 go against 违反；违背 turn against背叛
v.+ apart fall apart 崩溃；拆开 pull apart 拉开 grow apart 逐渐疏远come apart 破碎 set apart 区别；突出 tell apart 区分；分辨
v.+around play around 玩弄；闲荡 show around 带领参观 talk around 说服；四处走动；供应
v.+ aside put aside 搁置 leave aside 不考虑 set aside 拨出，储蓄 throw aside 抛弃 lay aside 暂放一边 push aside 推开；避免
v.+ as treat…as把当作 use…as用作 work as 担任；充当accept…as 认可……是act as 扮演；充当 consider...as 把看作;认为……是 regard…as把当作 refer to…as把……称[当]作 see…as 把……看作是serve as用作；当 take…as把……看作 think of... as 把……看作；认为……是 employ…as 雇……为 have…as把……当作 imagine…as 把设想为keep...as把当作 leave sth as it is任其发展 look on…as 把……看成是
v.+at look at看；注视 point at 指向 shoot at 向……射击shout at冲……喊 stare at注视，凝视 wonder at对……惊奇[惊讶]work at从事；研究 aim at 旨在；瞄准 arrive at 到达 bite at 咬住 call at 访问(某地) come at攻击；袭击 estimate at预计 land at在……登陆 laugh at嘲笑fire at向……射击 fly at扑向 glare at怒视knock at敲击(门窗)
v.+away take away拿走 throw away扔掉 turn away把……打发走blow away刮走；吹走 break away摆脱 carry away拿走cast away抛弃；使失事 clear away扫除 cut away割掉give away分发；泄露；赠送 go away走开；离开 move away移开pass away去世；逝世 put away把……收好；贮存 rot away烂掉；腐烂run away跑开 smooth away克服，消除 stay away不在家；夕卜出die away渐渐消失 fly away飞离 get away逃走wash away冲走；冲垮 wear away磨损；消失
v.+ back hold back忍住；退缩 keep back忍住；阻止；隐瞒come back回来 date back回溯至 get back回来；返回 look back回顾；踌躇 pay back偿还(债款等) ring back回电话answer back回嘴 bring back使想起；带回 call back回电话take back撤[收，带]回 write back回信 talk back顶嘴give back归还
v.+ by learn…by heart 背诵；谙记 live by v-ing 靠……为生 stand by 站在旁边；支持go by (时间)过去；根据 judge by 根据……判断 know...by heart 背诵；谙记pass by (时间)过去；经过
v.+ down break down垮下；分解；出故障 bring down使降低 cut down削减；砍倒burn down烧毁 calm down平静下来 die down渐熄 get down取下；吞下；沮丧 hand down传递；遗传 knock down撞倒；拆掉lay down放下；铺设 let down使失望；放低 pass down传下来 push down拆毁；摧毁；推翻 put down削减；节省；镇压 settle down定居；安家take down记下；记录 turn down调小；拒绝 write down记下
v.+for apologize to sb for因……道歉 apply for申请；要求long for渴望 look for寻找 pay for负担……的费用pray for祈求 praise sb for赞扬 prepare for为……准备stand for代表；象征；支持 take for误认为 thank sb for感谢wait for等候 wish for希望 admire sb for 钦佩 allow for 考虑到；顾及punish sb for惩罚 reward sb for奖赏 scold sb for责备search for搜寻；寻找 seek for寻找 send for派人去请arrange for安排 ask for询问；向……要 beg for乞求answer for对……负责 hope for希望 hunt for寻找；搜索；追寻 leave for出发去blame sb for因……责备 call for要求；需要；邀请 care for关心；喜欢；想要change…for用……换 criticize sb for因……批评 envy sb for妒忌 excuse sb for原谅 forgive sb for原谅；宽恕 go for为……去；努力获得account for 解释
v.+forward look forward to 期待；盼望 bring forward 提出；提前 push forward 推进；继续进行 put forward 提出；建议；促进 carry forward 推进；发扬 look forward 展望未来
v.+from suffer from受……苦；患……病 vary from不同于adapt from改编自 benefit from从……中获益 borrow from从……借hear from收到……来信 infer from从……推断 keep from阻止；抑制 learn from 向……学习 originate from 起源于 prevent…from 阻止……干protect…from 保护……免于result from产生于；由于 rise from起源于come from来自 date from始于……时期 die from 因……而死differ from 与……不同 disable…from 使……不能做 discourage...from 劝阻……做save…from 从……救 separate…from 把……与……分离 steal…from 从……偷stop…from 阻止……干
v.+in persist in坚持；固执 result in导致；产生 send in提出；递送；参展get in收割；到达；插话 give in屈服；让步；投降 hand in交进；提出(辞职)compete in参加(竞争) draw in收(网) drop in顺便过访come in进来 keep in mind牢记let in让进来 lie in在于；葬于；躺在 participate in参加act in参演；扮演 break in闯入；插话 bring in引进；介绍；挣得；产生call in召集；来访 check in报到；登记 join in参加(活动) share in分享；分担 spend…in…在做……上花费 succeed in成功做 take in欺骗；摄取；接收 trust in相信 turn in上交；归还end in以……结束 fail in在……失败 fill in填写；填满involve in卷入
v.+into look into调查；检查；浏览 make…into把……做成 persuade…into说服某人做put…into把……放进[译成] run into碰见；数目达 step into步入throw…into把……扔进 translate…into把……译成 turn. into变成；译成 enter into着手；开始谈 fall into开始；分成 fall into pieces成为碎片dip…into把……插入 force…into迫使……进入 get into进人；陷入 go into进入；通向；招惹 inquire into调查 knock into撞在……上 break into破门而入；闯入 burst into突然发出[进入] come into进入；得到；继承change…into把……变成[译成] come into being产生；形成 come into power执政；上台 come into use开始被使用 develop into发展成为 divide…into把……分成
v.+of die of因……而死 dream of梦想；渴望 hear of听到关于accuse sb of 指责；控告 admit of 容许 approve of 赞成inform sb of通知某人 know of知道；了解 learn of闻知；听说 remind sb of使人想起 rob sb of抢人财物 speak of谈起；说到suspect sb of怀疑；猜疑 talk of谈到；说起 tell of讲述ask sb of 询问某人 assure sb of 使确信 become of…怎么样 complain of 抱怨 consist of 由……组成 convince sb of 使确信[相信]come of出身于 cheat sb(out)of骗取 cure sb of医治；矫正think of考虑；设想；想象；想出 treat of论述 warn sb of警告某人当心
v.+off slip off匆匆脱掉；溜掉start off出发 switch off关(灯等)take off除去；脱去；放[移]开 throw off脱掉；甩脱；摆脱turn off关上(水电)；解雇；辞退 wipe off擦去；消灭掉break off 中[折]断；停止 call off 取消kick off踢掉(鞋等) lay off解雇；不理会；使下岗leave off中止；脱去；戒除 pay off还清(债务)；得回报pull off脱掉；剥掉 put off脱去；摆脱；推迟ring off挂断电话 rub off擦掉；擦去 carry off夺去；获奖 come off发生；实现；脱落；成功cut off切去[开]割掉；削去 die off相继死去drive off赶走 fall off从……跌下get off下(车、马等)；脱去 give off发出；放出(光热等)go off走开 hurry off匆忙离去jump off跳离 keep off挡住；避开；不接近see…off送行 send off送走；寄出；解雇；撵走set off使爆炸[爆发]；引起；起程 show off炫耀；展览；卖弄shut off阻断；关上(水电等)
v.+on set...on fire放火烧 spend…on在……上花费spy on窥探 switch on开(电灯)；通(电流)focus on专心于 get on上车[马，船]go on继续(下去)；发生 have on(状态)穿上hit on巧遇；忽然想起 hold on稍等(不挂断电话)walk on继续走 work on继续工作；起作用keep on继续 lean on倚靠在lie on one’s back仰卧 live on以……为生；继续存在look on旁观 move on继续前进; 搬迁pass on传递；传给 pull on穿上(衣服等)push on奋力向前；推动 put on(表动作)穿；增加；上演；假装reflect on回顾；思考；影响 rely on依靠；信赖 congratulate…on祝贺；庆幸 count on[upon]仰赖；依靠improve on[upon]改进 insist on坚持take on担任[负]；雇用；呈现 try on试穿(衣，鞋，帽等)turn on打开(水电等) wait on服侍；侍侯depend on依赖[靠]；信任 feed on以……为食fit on试穿(衣服) fix on倾注于act on遵照……行事 agree on商定；达成共识base on以……为基础 call on访问；拜访；请求carry on(继续)进行；从事 catch on抓牢；理解；受欢迎centre on集中在[于] come on过来；赶快；开始comment on评论 concentrate on专心于；注意operate on给……动手术 pride oneself on以……自豪
v.+out cancel out取消；清除；抵消 carry out实行；开展；贯彻check out查明；结账 clean out清扫；清除；花光 clear out清除；扫出come out开花；发芽；出版 die out灭绝；逐渐消失 find out发现；查明；找出figure out算出；理解 get out离开；出去 give out发[放]出；精疲力竭try out参加选拔；试验；试 turn out关掉；证明；结果watch out当心；监视；注意；提防wear out(使)筋疲力尽；穿破 work out 算出；制订出；锻炼；产生结果 hold out伸出(手等) keep out阻止入内；不参加 kick out解雇leave out省略；删去 let out发出；泄露 look out当心；留神；向外看make out理解；看出；辨认 pick out挑选；区[辨]别出 point out指出；提醒break out爆发；突然发生 bring out取出；显示；说明 burst out突然发出；迸发；爆发put out扑灭；熄灭 run out用完 see out送至门口call out召集；大声叫 go out(灯火)熄灭 hand out分发 help out帮助(克服困难)sell out售完 send out出发；开始；陈述 set out出发；陈述；陈列；打算show…out领……出去 speak out大胆地说出 spell out详解；拼出spit out吐出 stand out突出；硅眼；支撑 stick out突出；伸出；显眼take out把……拿出来 think out想出 tire out(使)精疲力竭
v.+over think over仔细考虑 turn over翻；交付；移交watch over查看；监视 win over战胜；争取；说服 come over(顺便)来访 take over接管[收]；占上风fall over跌倒；摔倒 get over越过；度过；恢复；痊愈 go over复习；检查；翻阅；渡过talk over商议 look over翻阅；检查 look out over俯视；查看 push over刮倒roll over翻滚 run over浏览；车压过
v.+through fall through失败；不能实现live through度过；经历…···而不死 look through仔细查看；浏览；看穿see through看穿 sail through通过；坚持下来get through接通电话；通过；完成；及格 go through通过；经历；仔细查看；浏览 pass through经历；通过；经历 pull through度过难关；康复push through挤过；穿过 put through完成；接通电话break through突破；钻出；克服 carry through完成；坚持到底cut through走近路；剪断；凿穿
v.+to point to指向；指明；表明 prefer…to喜欢……胜过…… reduce…to减至；陷入refer to涉及；参考；查阅；暗指 reply to回答 see to注意；留心；照看；处理stick to坚持；粘着 suit…to使适合[应] take to喜欢；专心于toast to祝酒 turn to转向；参考；求助于 write to写给…… attend to处理；照料；注意 come to合计；苏醒 beat…to death把……打死appeal to求助于；投合(兴趣) drink to祝酒 devote…to献身[专心]于adapt to适应(新环境) add to增加；增添 adjust to(调整)适应amount to总计；达到 apply to适合；适用 attach to隶屑于；归因于 contribute to. 捐款；投稿；促成 get to开始；到达；接触 happen to发生事故sentence...to death判……死刑 starve…to death把……饿死 belong to 属于 join…to连接；结合 lead to导致；通向 listen to听marry…to把……嫁给 object to反对；讨厌 owe…to把…···归因于；得感谢
v.+together add together把……加起来；合计 come together聚合；集合hold together团结一致；结合；合成一体 join together把……连在二起throw together匆匆拼凑 put together汇合；集合；组装 stick together粘[吸附]在一起；团结gather together聚合；收集；集合 get together聚集；积累；联欢
v.+up open up开发；开始；展现pick up拾起；车接；收听 pile up堆积pull up把……往上拽 put up举起；升起；搭起sit up熬夜；不睡觉 speed up加快速度stand up站起来 stay up熬夜；不睡觉；挺住take up开始；从事；占；接纳 tear up撕毁；取消(合同)turn up卷起；开大；到场 use up耗尽；用光 rise up起义 roll up(使)成卷[筒，球]形send up发射；使上升 set up设办；竖[创，建]立；提出show up出现；到场；露面 divide up分割；瓜分；划分 do up梳理；修缮；包扎；扣好draw up草拟；拟定；汲取 dress up装扮；盛装；装饰eat up吃光；耗尽 end up结束；告终fix up安装；修理 give up放弃；中止；戒除cut up切碎；割裂 dig up挖出；掘起warm up加热 wash up刷洗；洗餐具look up查找；抬头 make up组成；编造；构成mix up弄混；拌和；搞乱；混淆sign up报名参加；签约受雇 grow up成长；长大 hang up挂起来join up连接；参军 light up照亮；点(烟等) keep up保持；继续 come up发芽；长出 dean up打扫；获利；整理clear up清理；澄清；(天)放晴close up关闭；使靠近 hold up举起；耽搁；延误 add up加起来；合计 break up结束；终止；分解；腐蚀bring up提出；抚[培]养；呕吐 brush up擦亮；温习；刷新build up振兴；增进；改建 burn up烧旺；烧毁 call up打电话；召唤；使想起 cheer up(使)感到振奋[高兴]
v.+with have sth to do with与……有关match with联姻；匹配 meet with遭受；经历；偶遇agree with同意；一致；适合 associate with与……交往[联系]begin with以……开始 catch up with[赶、跟、追]上charge...with控告；指控 combine with与……结[掺、混]合get in touch with和……联系 get on with进展；相处go on with继续做；忍受 talk with与……交谈go with同去；带有；相配 have a word with和……说句话have words with和......发生口角 have sth to do with与……有关start with以……开始 vary with随着……而变化keep in touch with保持联系 keep up with追随；不落后live with忍受；与……同住 make friends with和……交朋友 disagree with和……不一致 do away with废除；取消；去掉fill…with用……充满 do with对待，处置；相处；利用end up with以……结束；最后 equip...with以……装备fall in love with相[恋]爱 find fault with对……不满；挑剔furnish…with把……供给 get along with有进展；相处compare…with相比 compete with与……竞争connect with与……一致 deal with处置；对付；涉及；安排cover...with用……盖 decorate…with用……装饰provide…with向……提供 put up with忍受；容忍shake hands with与……握手 share…with分担；告诉……关于supply...with向“…·提供 stay in touch with保持联系have nothing to do with与……无关
常用短语动词例示详解：
break:
break away from摆脱，挣脱；脱离(政党等)；放弃(习惯等)；打破(陈规等) 1. I felt the need to break away from home. 2. They broke away from the national union and set up their own local organization.3. Modern music has broken away from l8th century rules.
break down vt. 破坏；打破；击败，粉碎；把(化合物)分解；把……分类[划分](以便理解)；中止(谈判，发言)vi. (机器)损坏，出故障；(门等)坍塌；(计划)失败；(身体)变衰弱；(精神等)崩溃 4. Police had to break down the door to get into the flat.5. Food is broken down in the stomach. 6. Please break down those income tax totals by age groups. 7. I left London when my marriage broke down. 8. The printing machines are always breaking down.
9. The bridge broke down in an earthquake. 10.Your health will break down if you work too hard. 11. The plan was good，but it broke down，because people were unwilling to cooperate.
break in闯入，破门而入；打断(谈话)；插嘴 12. A thief broke in during the night and stole all his money. 13. Don't break in when your teacher is speaking.
break into闯入；插入；强行进入；突然发出[开始] 14. The robbers waited until it was dark enough to break into the house. 15. At this point even the interpreter broke into weeping.
break off断开；折断；断绝；解除；突然终止；抛弃 16.Jack broke off telling the story to answer the telephone. 17. He broke off in the middle of his speech to clear his throat.
break outvi (战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发 18. The economic crisis broke out first in the United States. 19. Fire broke out in a neighboring street but was soon put out. 20. The whole meeting broke out in cheers.
break though冲破，突围；战胜；克服；征服；打破；违反；不顾；(太阳、月亮等云雾中)出现 21. Demonstrators broke through the police cordon(警戒线). 22. Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.23.The sun broke through at last in the afternoon.24. We’ll break through all the difficulties with our own hard work.
break up 粉碎，破碎；散开；解散；放假；衰弱；垮掉；分开；熔化 25. The ship was caught in the storm and it broke up on the rocks.26. Police were called in to break up the meeting. 27. When do you break up for Christmas
bring:
bring about导致；引起；带来；产生 1. A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests.2. How can we bring about a change in attitudes
bring back送[带、叫]回；归还；使回忆[想]起；(使)恢复 3. All library books must be brought back before June 20. 4. The trip brought back a lot of happy memories .5. The change of air brought him back to good health.
bring (back) to life使苏醒[生动、活泼] 6. His lectures on the subject really brought it to life. 7. This play brings to life an experience I had many years ago.
bring down降低；减少；着陆;打[伤、垮]；击落；浓缩；收缩；招致 8. Some countries demand to bring down the price of petroleum． 9. He brought down 9 enemy aircraft during the Korean War．
bring in引起；产生；介绍；宣判；挣得；收入；吸引；引入 10. The newcomers bring in new customs and new habits． 11. The sale of the house only brought in about $45,000.
bring on引起；促成；使发展[进步]；提出(论点)；导致；带来 12. The rain helped to bring on the crops. 13. He has brought all the trouble on himself.
bring out公布；发表；说明；阐明；出版；使(女子)参加社交；引出；显示出；上演；生产 14. A good teacher should try to bring out the individual talents of his pupils. 15. They try to bring out one new book each month. 16. Mrs. Green is bringing out her eldest daughter next month. 17.The teacher helped to bring out the meaning of the poem. 18. The factory is bringing out a new type of recorder.
bring up养育；教育；抚养；培养；提出；使再注意到；使停止；使到庭 19. Your suggestion will be brought up at the next meeting. 20. That child is very badly brought up. 21. The child was ill and brought up everything he ate.
call :
call at访问(某家、某地)；(车、船等) 停靠在 1. The train calls at every station. 2. We called at our new neighbor's house last week. 3. The ship calls at several ports to pick up passengers before crossing the ocean.
call back叫回来；召回；回想；回忆；取消；收回；回电话 4. He was called back from his holiday to handle the problem. 5.Can you ask John to call me back when he gets in 6. I can't call his name back.
call for取；迎；接；需要；要求；请求；叫喊 7. The man sat down and called for some beer. 8. The luggage is to be left here till called for. 9. I'll call for you at eight o'clock.
call in收集；召集；召请；收回 10. They decided to call in a doctor because the child was not any better. 11. The library is calling in all outstanding books.
call off叫开；转移开(注意力等)；放手；取消(婚约)；下令停止；点名 12. The teacher began to call off the names on his list. 13. He phoned her and called the appointment off.
call on访问；探望；拜访(某人)；乞求；请求；号召；呼吁；邀请 14. We thought we'd call on James on the way home.15. He calls on the people of this country to work r hard for national unity. 16. The UN has called on both sides to observe the ceasefire.
call out出动；唤起；引起；召集；大声叫；使显现 17. The army was called out to help fight fires.18. Doctors are often called out in the middle of the night．19. He called out and everyone rushed to his rescue.
call up使想起；召唤；提出；打电话给；征召(服役)；传讯 20. He called me up to tell me about it.21. I was called up three months after war broke out.22. The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood.23. The proposal about pollution was called up in the meeting last week.
come:
come about发生；产生 How did it come about that he knew where we were 2. Can you tell me how the accident came about
come across被理解[弄懂]；(偶尔)发现；(偶然)遇见；想起 3. Your speech came across very well；everyone understands your opinion now．4. I came across children sleeping under bridges.5. They came across the street to greet us. 6. It came across my mind that I had met him before.
come along一道来；陪伴；进步；进展；赶快；出现 7. Only Jane was invited to the party，but both her sisters came along too.8.When the right opportunity comes along, she'll take it.9. My son has begun to come along very well in French since the new teacher was appointed．10. My boss came along just as we were talking about him.
come (a)round绕道；过访；改变；轮到；苏醒；复元 11. The road was rebuilt，so we had to come around by the bridge. 12. Last week we came around and saw my grandmother.13. Christmas seems to come round quicker every year.
come at攻击；扑向；袭击；得[找、达]到；了解；精通 14. I saw the dog just as it was going to come at me. 15. The truth is often difficult to come at.16. How did you come at the result of the experiment？
come back回来；返回；复元；恢复；想起；忆起；再度流行 17. She fainted，but she came back to his mind from time to time. 18. It suddenly came back to me when I had seen the man before. 19. Miniskirts have come back in this season. 20. The scene comes back to my mind. 21. The little girl came back a few minutes after she fainted.
come down倒下；降落；跌落；流传；病倒；减价；传递 22. The child's temperature came down in the morning. 23. Several trees came down in last night's storm. 24. The building came down in the storm．25. The girl's necklace had come down to her from her grandmother.
come from来自；起源于；从……产生；生于 26. John comes from Florida and his wife from California. 27. What results do you expect to come from all these activities？
come in 进来；涨潮；(比赛)获得……名次；时兴；流行 28. The door opened and the man came in. 29. The tide is coming in, so don’t stay on the sand too 1ong. 30. When did the fashion for short skirts come in？
come into being发生；产生；出现；开始存在；形成 31. When did the universe come into being 32. No one knows when such a custom first came into being.
come off分离；脱落；逃脱；进行；举行，成功 33. A button came off as I was climbing over the wall. 34. The rocket launching comes off next week. 35. We hoped to go abroad for our holidays but our plans didn’t come off.
come on上演；赶快；来到；发展;(偶然)碰到；登台 36. The rain’s just about to come on, so let's get home quickly. 37. We came on a group of students having a picnic.e on - we're going to be late if you don't hurry!
come out出来；出版；出现；(消息)传出 39. The sun came out from behind the clouds late in the afternoon. 40. Some flowers have begun to come out in early spring.
come over顺便来闯；越过；横过 41. You really must come over some time and have dinner with us. 42. It's very noisy here because planes are coming over all the time.
come to苏醒；复元；共计；达到；终于；逐渐；开始 43. He will come to soon after the operation. 44. A dozen eggs and a packet of bacon—that comes to 55 pence. 45. Then they came to an agreement.
come to light显露；出现；明朗化 46. Fresh evidence has recently come to light which suggests that he didn't in fact commit the murder. 47. Some new information has come to light about the accident.
come to terms with让步；妥协；处理；处置；甘心忍受 48. He seems to have come to terms with losing his sight.49. He'd finally come to terms with that company.50. Life has its ups and downs and each person has to come to terms with his own share of misery.
come true实现；成为事实；证实；证明 51. At last his dream of being a doctor has come true. 52.What the newspaper said about the weather for today has come true．
come up接近；走近；上楼；长出；发芽；被提出；流行起来 53. I could hear footsteps coming up behind me. 54. The seeds I sowed last week haven't come up yet. 55. I'll let you know if anything comes up.
cut:
cut down砍倒；削减；减价；缩短；毁坏;改小；删节 1. Your article's too long—please cut it down to 1000 words.2. Half the forest was cut down to make room for the new road. 3. They cut down the price by half during the sale.4. The doctors have told me to cut down on smoking and drinking.
cut in插[接、加、突、冲]入；接通；插嘴；超车 5. She always cuts in when other people are talking. 6. Accidents are often caused by drivers who try to cut in. 7.I think I ought to cut in on what they are doing.
cut off切断；删去；断绝；中断；剪下；关掉 8. The rope is two feet longer than we needed，so we cut off the extra length. 9. Their water supply was cut off. 10. All the possible escape routes were cut off by the police. 11. The flood cut off the villagers from the rest of the world.
cut out 割掉；删去；关闭；切[削]成；取代；击败；切[剪，裁]下；停止；放弃；离群 She cut out the photograph from the paper. Let's cut out the unimportant details. He has decided to cut out smoking and drinking.
cut through挖通；凿通；贯穿；克服；避开 15. They had to cut their way through the forest with axes.
cut up 切碎；割裂；歼灭；抨击；攻击；卖弄 16. He cut up the watermelon，and gave each of us a piece. 17. The man cut down the tree and cut it up for firewood.
die :
die away [down，out](光、火、风、声音等)渐失[息、弱]，常可通用 1. The noise of the plane died away in the distance. 2. The colors of the sunset died away.
die away昏厥；失去知觉 3. He nearly dies away with fatigue.
die down(植物)枯凋；(谣传、疼痛)渐失 4. When the first frost came，the roses died down. 5. The rumors about the film star soon died down. 6.When the applause had died down, she began her speech.
die for 为(事业、国家、真理等)而献身 7.Many people died for the people's interests in the revolution.
die of [from]因(内外界环境影响到体内或疾病、衰弱、年迈等)而死(常可通用)；die of还可用来表示因内在感情造成的死亡；die from多用于环境、事故等外部因素造成的死亡 8. He died of cold [ illness，a disease，cancer，a fever，heat，hunger，thirst，poison，the bite of a snake，old age，a wound，fall，a broken heart，sorrow，grief，joy，disappointment，exhaustion，shame，laughing，starvation, etc.]9. He died from eating to excess [hunger，drinking too much，overwork，loss of blood，an traffic accident，broken heart，an electric shock，the earthquake，carelessness，some unknown cause，a disease, a blow，a heart attack，a chest wound，snakes bites，etc. ]
die off(动物、人、植物)相继死去；(声音)渐失 10. The chickens are all dying off from the disease. 11. It would be a pity if these birds are allowed just to die off.
die out(种族、家族、物种等)绝迹，死光；(习俗、观念等)消失，过时 12. Many old customs are gradually dying out．13. The wild population of koalas is in danger of dying out.
14. If too many of these rare animals are killed，their kind will die out．
fall:
fall asleep睡着; 入睡 1. He lay down on the sofa and soon fall asleep.2.Because I was tired, I fell asleep quickly.
fall behind落后; 落伍; 拖欠 3. John fell behind in his studies and finally had to leave school. 4. Diligence helps one to go forward，where as laziness makes one fall behind.
fall down倒[落, 伏]下; 失败 5. Our apple tree fell down in the storm.6. Where do you think the plan falls down
fall in love with与……相爱; 喜欢；爱上 7. Mary fell in love with Jim when they met for the time. 8. The whole family fell in love with the new house as soon as they saw it.
fall into陷[归]入; 分成; 养成 9. Don't let children fall into bad habits. 10. His book falls into four chapters. 11.The company has fallen into extreme difficulties due to the economic crisis.
fall off跌落; 掉下; 下降 12. He fell off the bicycle and hurt his arms. 13. Ripe peaches fell off the trees after a storm. 14. The number of passengers fell off slightly in January.
fall over跌倒; 翻倒; 绊倒 15. The hunter fired and the tiger fell over dead. 16.She tripped and fell over.
fall to pieces破碎, 崩溃; 瓦解 17. He's worried the business will fall to pieces without him.18. After the death of Napoleon his empire began to fall to pieces.
get:
get about走动; 活动; 旅行; 行动; 流传 1.Old people can't get about very well in the winter weather. 2.Let's prevent the rumour from getting about. 3.John gets about all over Europe，even though he hasn't got a car.
get across(使)通过; 渡过; 传播); (使)被理解; 把……讲清楚; 4.The bridge was under repair,so it took us a long time to get across.5.The general had to get his troops across the river. 6.I spoke slowly，but my meaning didn't get across.
get ahead of胜过; 超过 7.If she works hard she will get ahead of her sister in arithmetic.8.We are sure to get ahead of them in the near future.
get along前进; 进步; 相处融洽 9.The car could hardly get along on the icy surface.
get along with与……相处; 有进展 10.Jane has such a bad temper that nobody can get along with her. 11.How is your brother getting along with his new work
get around(=about)走动; 活动; 传播; 说服 12.The new roads will allow people to get around faster.13.My grandma is finding it harder to get about these days.14. News of Helen's pregnancy soon got around the office.
get away 挣脱；逃脱; 逃离 15.You can’t get away from the fact that the cost of living is always rising.
get back回来; 返回; 取回; 报复 16.He left Tokyo on Monday and won’t get back until Friday.17.If you get back in time,you can come with us.
get down降 [放、吞、记]下; 使沮丧; 使抑郁 18.Here is a telephone message I got down for you. 19.All this waiting and delay is really getting me down.
get down to静下心来认真做 20. It's time you got down to some reading or the other students will leave you behind. 21. That task isn't as difficult as it seems when you really get down to it.
get in进入; 进站; 到达; 加入; 22. The whole village was involved with getting the harvest in.23.What time does the train from Bei jing get in？
get in touch with与……取得联系 24.Now that my mother has a telephone, it's much easier to get in touch with her.
get into进入; 陷入; 养成(习惯) 25. It's easier to get into debt than to get out of it again. 26.The children got into the bad habit of switching on the television as soon as they came back from school.
get off送走；脱下(衣服等)；下(车)；动身 27. His mother told him to get his wet clothes off. 28. We got off immediately after breakfast.
get on上车上(车、马)；过活；穿上；相处；进展 29. You are getting on nicely with your English. 30. Get on my shoulders and have a look over the fence.
get on with与……相处；在……方面获得成功[进展] 31. It's hard to get on with a suspicious man.
get out出去；离开；泄露；出版；逃脱；摆脱；下车 32. I'll get out when you stop at the traffic lights.33. If the secret gets out, there'll be trouble. 34. Jim hopes to get his new book out before the end of the year.
get out of由……出来；从……得出；避免；放弃 35. The door locked accidentally, and I couldn't get out of the bathroom. 36. Joining a group will help to get you out of the habit.
get over越过；恢复；痊愈；克服； 37. Have you got over your financial difficulties yet？38. They came to a river and wondered how to get over. 39. She can't get over her shyness.
get rid of处理；去掉；摆脱；免除 40. It is not easy to get rid of a bad habit.
get round说服；规避；走动；传播 41. She doesn't get round much these days.42. The news of her resignation soon got round.
get sth over with做完 43. I’ll speak first if you like—I’d rather get it over with quickly.
get through通过；打通(电话)；度过；完成；及格 44. You would wonder how such a large animal could get through such a small hole. 45. I can’t get through to London；the lines are all busy[engaged]. 46. The teacher got them through without any failures.
get[be]tired of对……感到厌倦[失去兴趣] 47. He was tired, tired to death of the whole business.48. I was getting tired of all her negative remarks.
get to开始；到达；接触 49. We must get to the bottom of the matter．50. They have got to the essence of things．51.The boat will only get you to the nearest island，and you have to make your own way from there．
get together聚集；搜集；联欢 52. It's ages since I got together with the gang from school. 53. We get together once a year at Christmas time. 54. It will take me a week to get together all the materials I need for my talk.
get used to适应于；习惯于 55. I found the job tiring at first but I soon got used to it. 56. The food in England is strange at first but you'll soon get used to it.
get up起床；起立；爬上；登上 57. Few men these days get up to give a lady a seat on a bus． 58. The hill was so steep that the old car had difficulty getting up．59. They got up on the roof to watch solar eclipse.
give :
give away赠送；牺牲；失掉；泄露；颁发 1. The millionaire gave all his money away to charity. 2. She's not giving away anything he told her. 3. The headmaster gave away the prizes at the sports meeting. 4. They have given away two goals already.
give back归还；送回；(使)恢复；使重新获得 5. I picked it up and gave it back to him. 6. There was nothing the doctors could do to give me back the use of my legs.
give in屈服；让步；投降；认输；交上；宣布；呈上 7. The government cannot be seen to give in to terrorists' demands.8. She wouldn't give in until she received a full apology.
give in to同意；接受；让步 9. All assignments must be given in to your teacher by Friday.
give off 发出；放出(气味、光、热、声音等) 10. The flowers gave off a fragrant perfume(芳香). 11. If you don't shower more often，your body will give off an unpleasant smell.
give out分发；发表；分配；公布；用完；精疲力竭；发出(光、热、声音、气体等) 12. He has refused to give out any further information on the matter. 13. His strength gave out after he ran that long distance. 14. The rose gives out a sweet smell. 15. We saw a man giving out leaflets in the street. 16. The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.
give over停止；放弃；移交；交出 17. He gave charge of the office over to his successor. 18. The keys were given over to a neighbour in their absence.
give rise to引起；使发生；导致；造成 19. Such behavior might give rise to misunderstanding. 20. The novel’s success gave rise to a number of sequels(续篇).
give up让给；放弃；中止；停止；投降；投案；泄露(秘密等)；腾出(时间等) 21. They eventually gave up and went home. 22. She realized she was wrong and gave up the argument. 23. The criminal gave himself up to the police. 24. Her brother was given up by the doctors after the accident，but he lived just the same．
go:
go about 着手；从事；忙于；走来走去；(谣言等)流传 1. The best cure for grief is to go about your usual work. 2. People are going about more now that the weather's better. 3. The story may not be true，but it is going about all the same. 4. We must go about our work or we'll fall behind the schedule.
go against不利于；反对；相反 5. We mustn’t do anything that goes against the interest of the people. 6. It goes against my nature to get up early in the morning.
go ahead前进；进展；继续；成功；一直向前 7. You go ahead and tell them that we will be there shortly. 8. Don't be disturbed；just go ahead with your work.
go around四处走动；走来走去；供应 9. The young man is going around looking for work.
go away离开；停止 10. Go away and leave me in peace. 11. If this pain doesn't go away soon，I'll go mad.
go back回去；返回；回溯 12. Of course we want to go back some day—it’s our country，our real home. 13. The story went back to thousands of years ago.
go by经过；过去；依照；遵循 14. Guess who went by as I was waiting at the corner 15. If you ride a bicycle，you must go by the traffic rules. 16. Three years have gone by since we came to this university.
go down倒[落]下；倒在地上；(船等)沉没；(日、月)落下；(将食物、饮料)吞[咽、喝]下；(物价等)下跌；(温度、质量等)下降 17. The ship went down like lead. 18. Go down and see who is at the door，please. 19. Prices are going up all the time；it seems they will never go down. 20. John was delighted that his wife's cooking should go down so well. 21. He went down on his knees and begged for mercy. 22. Your temperature seems to be going down after you take the medicine.
go tor去拿[找、请]适用于；被认为；支持；赞许；袭击 23. If the child gets worse I shall have to go for a doctor. 24. Listen carefully，because this goes for you all. 25. In the election，the majority of votes went for him. 26. It sounds a good idea. Go for it!
go forward前进；进步；进展 27. The captain has asked all the sailors to go forward so that he can speak to them in a group. 28. The work is going forward at a satisfactory pace.
go hand in hand with与……齐步；与……相结合 29. Prosperity goes hand in hand with investment.30. Poverty goes hand in hand with disease.
go in for赞成；参加；从事；追求；为……而努力；爱好 31. Many newspapers go in for sensational happenings．32. Our son decided to go in for law，much to our surprise. 33. When she left college，she went in for nursing.
go into进入；参加；深入研究；调查；从事；涉及； 34. Little Tom had to go into hospital for his leg operation. 35. The police intend to go into the matter very carefully.
go off离去；退场；爆炸(警报器)响；(电灯)熄灭；(电)中断；(食物饮料)变质[坏]；(戏)演得(成不成功) 36. Just as the weather turned cold，the electricity supply went off. 37. You’d be surprised at what goes off at that club.
go on继续；接下去 38. I was tired of listening to her complaints，but she went on and on.
go on with继续做；忍受 39. We'll stop here for today and go on with the text next time.
go out出去；过时；不流行；(灯火)熄灭；退潮；落潮；送[发、派]出；(节目)播放；播出；(新闻或消息)发布；公布；发表 40. I don’t think you should go out with that bad cold. 41. Have all the wedding invitations gone out yet？42. The match went out in the wind. 43. This expression has gone out；nobody uses it today.
go over温习；浏览；仔细检查[审查、查阅]；反复研究；仔细琢磨；越过；度过；翻过； 44. Go over the text until you memorize it. 45. The police went over his room three times，but found nothing. 46.We went over the house thoroughly before buying it.
go round绕道走；绕……运行；饶过；分配；拱给每个人 47. We have wine enough to go round. 48. The earth goes round the sun. 49. The front gate was shut，so we had to go round.
go through通过；用光；履行；做完；经历；忍受；参加；审查；发行 50. The rope is too thick to go through the hole. 51. The country has gone through too many wars and natural disasters. 52. The lawyers went through the evidence. 53. This dictionary was warmly received by the reading public and went through two editions within a year.
go up 上升；增长；攀登；被提出；爆炸；炸毁；焚毁 54. Prices of fruit and vegetables have already gone up. 55. Many people came to watch the balloon go up. 56. The bomb went up，killing two people.
go with和……一道去；与……相配 57. Happiness doesn’t necessarily go with money. 58. I like the way the blue carpet goes with the golden curtains. 59. Certain kinds of wine go with certain kinds of food.
go without不用；无需；没有也行 60. It looks as though we shall have to go without a holiday this year. 61. It’s unhealthy and dangerous to go without sleep. 62. If there's no sugar you will have to go without；it won't do you any harm anyway.
have:
have a taste for爱好；对……感兴趣 She has a taste for classic music.Mary have a taste for old-fashioned furniture.
have a word with和……说句话[谈谈] I'll have a word with him and see if he'll help.The personal manager said he wanted to have a word with me.
have an effect on对……有影响 I tried taking tablets (药片) for the headache but they didn't have any effect on me.The radiation leak has had a disastrous effect on/upon the environment.
have an eye for对……有鉴赏力；能识别[鉴赏，判断，了解] She's definitely got a good eye for a bargain.Mum always has an eye for a good bargain.
have an interest in对……感兴趣 I'd recommend this book to anyone who has an interest in jazz.
have an interview with会见 We will have an interview with the new Education Minister.
have [gain，get]access to有[接触、进入、使用]……的机会[权利] You need a password to get access to the computer system. Cats should always have access to fresh, clean water.The tax inspector had/gained complete access to the company files.
have difficulty in v-ing做……有困难 The teacher had no difficulty (in) making himself understood. You will have difficulty in finding a good lodging house in the city. We had no difficulty (in) finding the house.
have difficulty with sth. 对……某事有困难 He had some difficulty with English pronunciation.
have mercy on对……有慈悲心 May God have mercy on us.
have nothing to do with与……无关 The teacher asked some questions which had nothing to do with his lessons.
have no choice but to do除……别无他法非做……不可 I had no choice but to wait for a taxi.
have sth. to do with与……有关 What you said has something to do with the affairs.
have words with sb同……口角 He often had words with his wife after they married.
hold:
hold back隐瞒；阻止；克服；退缩；踌躇；扣留；抑制 1. If I had not held him back, he would have beaten you soundly. 2. They are accustomed to holding back their emotions. 3. You shouldn't hold anything back from us; we want to know the whole story.
hold down压制；保住；抑制；压低；缩减 4. Most of the leading food shops have promised to hold prices down until after the new year. 5.He seems to be unable to hold any job down． 6. These measures helped to hold down traffic accidents.
hold good [true]有效；有用；适用 7. The same requirement holds good for all applicants.
hold on(打电话时)不挂断；等候；抓住；支持；停止 8. Hold on!Wait until I get my coat. 9. Could you hold on a minute？10. If he can just hold on a little longer, we can get help to him.
hold on to抓[拉、保、留]住 11. The soldiers held on to the bridge for three more days.12. Can I hold on to this book for another week 13. I think I'll hold on to these old records for now.
hold one’s breath不出气；屏住气 14. Hold your breath and count to ten. 15. We held our breath when listening to her song.
hold out伸出；拿出；提出；提供；抱有(希望)；维持；坚持不屈 16. They were ready to hold out a friendly hand. 17. They held out many fine promises to Jack to get him to work for them. 18. How long will our supplies hold out？
hold together团结一致；结合；合成一体 19. This special chemical can hold broken dishes together. 20. In those days the Church held the community together.
hold up支持住；承受住；搀扶；支撑；举[拿、抬]起；延迟；阻碍; 劫持 21. The policeman held up the traffic to allow pedestrians to cross the road. 22. The terrorists held up the train and kept the passengers as hostages(人质). 23. The chair was too weak to hold you up. 24.Though it was a long walk，the youngsters held up until the last minute．
keep:
keep an eye on注意；照看；留意看；注视；监视 1.That man looks suspicious；keep an eye on him. 2. Please keep an eye on my child while I'm away. 3. We should always keep an eye on the progress of science in the world.
keep an eye out for密切注意；提防；警觉 4. Keep an eye out for future announcements. 5. I' ve lost my ring. Could you keep an eye out for it when you clean the house
keep away from使远离；不接近；避开；使离开 6. The doctor told her to keep away from all sweets and other fattening foods. 7. You'd better keep away from the dog. 8. Nothing will keep me away from the exciting play.
keep back留在后面；阻止；留下；隐瞒 9. We must not keep back anything we know. 10. They kept back some of his wages to pay for the damage. 11. Jim was able to keep back his anger and avoid a fight.
keep fit保持健康 12. She tries to keep fit by walking after supper.
keep... doing sth. 使……继续下去；让……一直做某事 13. Sorry to keep you waiting - I got stuck in a meeting.14. Keep the fire burning，will you
keep...from doing sth. 阻止……做某事 15. The church bells keep me from sleeping.16. Something must be done to keep the roof from falling.
keep[bear，have]... in mind记住；不忘 17. It must be kept in mind that we shall have to be present before eight tomorrow. 18. You must keep in mind that he is younger than you.
keep in touch with和……不断接触；和……保持联 19. I often keep in touch with my old school friends by email 20. It is important to keep in touch with the latest scientific progress.
keep off让开；不让接近；把……驱开；远离 21. The police told the boys to keep off the grass. 22. The explorers made a camp fire to keep off wild animals.
keep on doing sth继续做；不停做 23. He just kept on laughing although I told him to stop. 24. You just have to keep on trying.
keep out不许[不使]人内；防止 25. They have shut the door，and mean to keep us out. 26. The number of deaths might be much smaller if we taught little children how to keep out of danger.
keep pace with跟上；同……齐步前进；和……步调一致 27. I can't keep pace with her in mathematics. 28. We must keep pace with new development in computer and technology.
keep step with赶上；跟上 29. Scientists have to work hard to keep step with scientific development.
keep to坚持；固守；遵守 He still keeps to his first resolution. When he is in a bad temper，he always keeps to her room all day.
keep track of观察；留心；与……保持接触[联系]；记录 32. He reads the newspapers to keep track of current events. 33. We have to keep track of every cent we spend.
keep up坚持；继续；保持；不落后 33. I enjoy our friendship and try to keep it up. 34. If the storm keeps up the crops will be destroyed. 35. So long as the cost of raw materials keeps up，prices of consumer goods will keep up，too． 36. That student has been getting all A's．I hope he can keep it up．
keep up with追随；不落后；与……并肩前进 37. Can you walk a little slower I can’t keep up with you. 38.I have to work hard to keep up with the other students．
knock:
knock about [around]漫游；到处流浪；(浪等)冲击(船等)；碰撞 1. On Saturdays I knock around with my friends.
2. We spent the day just knocking around the house.
3. The ship was badly knocked about by a rough sea. 4. For a couple of years we knocked around the Mediterranean.
knock against偶然遇到；和……冲突 5. I knocked my head against the doorpost and hurt it. 6. I knocked against Mr. Smith in the park this afternoon.
knock at[on]敲(门，窗等) 7. I knocked on the window and told the children to stop arguing . 8. We knocked at the door but there was no one there.
knock down打倒；撞倒；使减价 9. He was so angry with the man that he knocked him down. 10. The girl was knocked down by a lorry as she ran across the road. 11. The storekeeper decided to knock down his remaining winter stock.
knock into钉进；打进；偶然碰上 12. Can you knock the nail into the wood 13. I knocked into him on the street.14. I knocked into my old teacher in the town this morning.
knock out击倒；打败；敲出(烟灰等) 15. After knocking out his pipe，the old man went on with his story. 16. The boxer knocked his opponent（对手） out.
knock over弄倒；打翻 17. Carelessly, I knocked my tea cup over and the tea went all over the table cloth. 18. He knocked the thief over with one blow. 19. Jim was knocked over by a bus，but not seriously hurt.
look:
look about [around，round]四下环顾[寻找]；察看；游览；参观 1. People looked around when they heard a loud noise. 2. Let's look around Beijing University this afternoon. 3. We should look around carefully before deciding which house to buy. 4. They spent 3 weeks in Xi'an，looking about the city.
look around [round] for到处寻找；搜寻 5. I'm going to start looking around for a new house. 6. I've been looking about for a better job since I lost my job.
look after寻求；照料；看管；注意 7. Susan looked after us very well. She's an excellent cook.
8. You could tell that the horse had been well looked after9. I'm leaving you here to look after the business until I get back.
10. Don't worry about Maisie - she can look after herself.
look as if看来像是；似乎是；好像 11. It looks as if we were going to have fine weather. 12. He looks as if he had been hit by lightning.
look at看；注视；考察；查看；考虑 13. The twins looked at each other and smiled.14. Can you look at my car There's a strange noise coming from the front wheel.15. We need to look very carefully at ways of improving our efficiency.
look back回头看；畏缩；停滞不前 16. If we look back, we will realize the tremendous changes reform has made．17. Once you make an appearance on television you'll never look back. 18. Don't look back； you will succeed．
look back upon [on，over，to]回顾；追忆 19. When I look back on those days I realize I was desperately unhappy.
20. Looking back on it , I still can't figure out what went wrong. 21. As we look back over the month we spent there，our hearts are filled with gratitude.
look down on [upon]. 轻视；看不起 22. Don’t look down on a person only because he has failed in an exam. 23. Mr Garcia looks down on anyone who hasn't had a college education.
look for 寻找[求]；期待；指望 24. I'm looking for Steve - have you seen him
25. Detectives are still looking for the escaped prisoner.
look forward to 期待着；展望；盼望 26. I'm really looking forward to our vacation.
27. My mother says she's looking forward to meeting you.
look into窥视；调查；浏览；研究 28. She looked into my eyes for a long time without speaking. 29. I usually look into a magazine before I decide whether to buy it. 30. The government will look into how to reduce unemployment.
look like看来像；像要 31. That photograph doesn't look like her at all. 32. The weather doesn't look like clearing up.
look on [upon]旁观；面向 33. Only one man tried to help us, the rest just looked on in silence.
34. This building looks on to the public square.
look on...as把……看作；认为……是 35. She is looked on as the leading authority on the subject. 36. We look on him as a good friend.
37. I've worked there so long. I look on the city as my home.
look out向外看；当心；留意；提防 38. Look out！ A train is coming. 39. He opened the window and looked out. 40. Look out when you’re driving in the dark.
look out for 寻找；物色 41. Look out for your uncle while you're at the airport.
42. He's looking out for a nice apartment downtown.
look over仔细检查；原谅；复习；巡视 43. I want to look over these exercises before I give them to the teacher. 44. He has done wrong but the teacher will look over it this time. 45. I should look over my notes before the exam. 46. You should look over the house before you decide to move in.
look through 温习；仔细查看；粗略地检查、浏览或翻阅 47. Look through your notes before the examination. 48. I looked through my drawer， but I could not find my keys. 49. I usually look through newspapers after supper.
look up查阅字典或参考书等；上涨；仰望 50. If you don't know the meaning of a word， look it up in the dictionary. 51. Can you look up the time of the next train to Beijing？52. The price of goods is looking up again，so is the business. 53. She looked up and saw me.
look up to尊敬，敬仰 54. Mr. Smith had taught for many years, and all the students looked up to him. 55. He was always taught to look up to older people.
make :
make a difference有关系[差别，影响]；很重要；大有作为 1. The rain didn't make much difference to the game.2. John's score on the test will make the difference between his passing or failing the course. 3. She makes no difference between her two sons.4. It won't make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow.
make (both) ends meet量人为出；使收支相抵 5. Since Mike lost his job，we can hardly make ends meet. 6. Being out of work and having two young children, they found it impossible to make ends meet.
make/be friends with与……交朋友 7. Have you made friends with your deskmate 8. David finds it hard to make friends with other children.
make fun of取笑；嘲笑 9. It's cruel to make fun of people who have physical defect (生理缺陷). 10. I'm not making fun of you. I admire what you did.
make oneself at home随便；不拘束 11. Sit down and make yourself at home while I make some coffee. 12. “Make yourself at home.” The host said to me when I entered the house.
make oneself understood表白自己；让人理解自己 13. I'm not very good at English，but I can make myself understood. 14. Can you make yourself understood in English
make out理解；辨认；发现；看出 15. I couldn't make out what he was saying. 16. I can't make out what that sign says; it's still too far away.
make progress in doing/with sth在……进步[进展] 17. I have made great progress in speaking English recently. 18. I'm not making much progress with my Spanish.
make room for让地位[位置]给 19. Can
短语动词
短语动词分类：
短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组，其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些相当于不及物动词。
类别 例示
1. 动词+介词动词加at，for，from，into，of，to，with构成的短语动词总是动介型的。这类短语动词相当于及物动词，其后必须有宾语，宾语(不管是代词或名词)只能放在介词后，不能放在动词和介词之间。在被动语态中，整个短语动词要作为整体看待，不可拆开或漏缺介词。 1. The police are looking into the matter. (主动语态) = The matter is being looked into by the police. (被动语态)2. My mother is ill and I must look after my mother at home. (名词) = Mymother is ill and I must look after her. (代词宾格)
考试大纲和教材中常见的这类短语动词apply for申请，请求 go for努力获取 appeal to投合；呼吁；上诉arrive at[in]到达 attend to处理；关照 adapt to适应(新环境等)ask for请求；向……要 relate to理解；同情 play with玩；玩耍；游戏believe in相信，信仰 benefit from得益于 break into闯入come across(偶然)遇见 deal with处理，应付 do with处理，使用pay for付钱，支付，付代价point to指向…… rely on依靠，信赖；指望 send for派人去叫[请]talk about谈到，谈论 talk of谈到，说到 talk with[to]和……交谈point at指示；指向agree with赞成……意见；符合 add to增加，增添 allow for顾及，考虑，体谅aim at瞄准；旨在，针对 argue about争辩 call at访问(某地)，停泊在call on访问；号召；邀请 care for照管；喜欢 call for去取[接]，要求，需要comment on评述，评论 refer to提到；查询 contribute to有助于；投稿consist of由……组[构]成 die of 病(饿、冻)死 stand for代表，象征 tend to朝向；趋于suffer from遭受(病痛、损失) burst into突然……起来 centre on集中于。concentrate on专心致志于 cater to满足(需求) amount for说明；占(数目)stick to坚持；粘到……上；忠于 stick with坚持做，live with忍受；与……同住worry about担心 complain of[about]抱怨 lead to通向；导致；产生 result in结果，终归，导致look after照料，看管 look into调查；浏览 object to反对，抗议，不同意dream of梦见，空想 feel like觉得想做… hear from收到来信 hear of听说care about担心；关心 run after追赶 hunt for搜索；追求；寻找insist on坚持要，强调 knock at[on]敲(门，窗) knock into撞在……身上laugh at嘲笑 listen to听……(讲话) live on靠……生活long for渴望，思慕 depend on依靠[赖]think about考虑，思索，回忆 think of想起，想出 wait for等候；等待
类别 示例
2. 及物动词+副词及物动词加ahead, away，aside，back，in，off，out，forward，on，over，up等构成的动副型短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以用于被动语态，也可有宾语。如果宾语是名词，即可以放在副词之前，也可放在副词之后,如果宾语是人称代词宾格只能放在动词和副词中间。 The house is on fire. Let's put the fire out. (√)=The house is on fire. Let's put out the fire. (√)=The house is on fire. Let's put it out. (√)=The house is on fire. Let's put out it. (×)考试大纲和教材中常见的这类短语动词:
bring in引进；引来 call off取消，停止 cut off切断[掉]，断绝keep out不许入内leave out省去；遗漏 let in让进来let out放出；泄露tear down拆毁；拆除drive off开走；赶走；击退lock up把……锁起来look up查寻cut out割掉，关闭dress up打扮；装饰 act out把……表演出来hand out分发，交给 join up连接起来 pay off还[付]清(债务pick out挑出；辨别出pull down拆毁，拉倒，推翻pull up把……往上拽hold up举起；延迟；耽搁roll up使成筒[卷、球]形hold back隐瞒；阻止；扣留find out查明，发现 give out分发；放出 get across使被理解；讲清楚give up放弃;中止，停止 clear up清扫；整理；消除hand in递交，交上 ring up打电话 see off为某人送行sell out卖完 send up发射 set up建立；创立；竖立take over接收；接管take in欺骗；吸收 call up召集；使想起；调动throw away扔掉ring back回电话 turn off关掉(电器等)turn on旋开(电器等)work out算出；解决；制定出light up照亮；点(烟) cheer up(使)感到振奋cut up切碎；剪碎 give off释放；放出use up用完；耗尽 wipe out消灭；擦掉；去除cool off变凉；冷静dig up挖出；掘起tear up撕毁；取消(合同)leave alone不管，不理 set aside留出；拨出；储蓄ring off挂断电话 put forward提出；建议；推荐calm down(使)镇静 call in召集；打电话 point out指出 tie up系；拴；捆send off寄出；派遣；给送行take off脱下；营救 make up构成；编造pay off解雇；不理；使下岗put on穿上；上演；欺骗 give away泄露；赠送put out出版；扑灭；关掉add up把……加起来leave behind忘带；留下 knock down击倒；撞倒do up打扮；梳妆tell apart分辨；区别 wear out把……穿坏；磨坏 slow down减缓；减速turn down关小；调低；拒绝carry out进行；开展；执行round up赶拢；围捕 bring up培养；提出；呕吐put away储藏，储蓄let down不支持；使失望make out认出；听出put off取消；推迟；拖延pick up拣起；收听；车接open up开设；开业；开放try on试穿[戴](衣、帽)try out试验；尝试
类别 例示
3. 不及物动词+副词不及物动词加away, in, back, off，out, on, down, to, through, up等副词，相当于一个不及物动词，这种结构的短语动词不能用于被动语态，也不能接宾语 1. The Second World War broke out in September，1939. 2. He took off yesterday for Beijing. 3. Your health will break down if you work too hard. 4. He said he would come, but hasn't turned up yet. 考试大纲和教材中常见的这类短语动词
come down下来；落 come on赶快；来吧；跟着来 come out花开；发芽；出版come over顺便来访 come to苏醒过来 cool off变凉；冷却；冷静die away逐渐消失 die down变弱；平息；消失 die out灭绝；逐渐消失stay away不在家,外出 stay up不睡；熬夜 take off成功[名]；(飞机)起飞turn around转过身；转过来 turn up出现；露面；到场 watch out注意；当心set off出发；动身；起程 drop off下车 drop out退出 get around四处走动；活动break down出故障[毛病] break out(战争、火灾、等)发生 carry on坚持[继续]下去come about发生，改变方向 come along 一道来；进步[展] come back回来；恢复look up向上看；抬头看 pass away去世；逝世 ring off挂断电话pull out驶出；离站 run away逃跑；流失；逃走；逃脱 run out耗尽 rush out冲出去 get away逃，离 get back回来；返回 get down下来[车]；落下get through通过；打通电话 hold on等一等；(电话)不挂断 give in让步；投降；屈服hold back退缩；踌躇 hurry up赶快；快点 go away离开go back回去 go out外出；(灯火)熄灭 go up上升；增长；攀登get up起床 grow up长大；成长 look out当心；留神；注意set out出发；开始；上路
4. 动词+名词+介词这类短语动词相当于及物动词，需要接宾语，大多可以用于被动语态，而且常有两种构成方式：把短语动词中的名词用作被动语态句的主语，或把短语动词后的介词宾语用作被动语态句的主语 You must make good use of any opportunity to practise English. =Any opportunity must be made good use of to practise English. =Good use should be made of any opportunity to practise English. 考试大纲和教材中常见的这类短语动词
make sense of弄懂……意思；理解 take possession of拥有；占有 take the place of代替；接替throw light on说[阐]明；使清楚 lay foundation of为……打基础 play tricks on捉弄；诈骗keep pace with赶上；跟上catch[seize，take，lay]hold of抓住 catch a glimpse of瞥见 catch sight of看见make sentences with用……造句 make use of利用 pay attention to注意；留意take part in参加；参与 have an eye for/on有眼力；找便宜 set an example to为……树榜样 set fire to放火烧set sail(to/from/for…)起航 shake hands with与……握手 take account of考虑take advantage of利用，趁机 take care of照料；注意；留神 lose sight of看不见have an effect on对……有影响[效果] keep an eye on留意 put an end to结束have an eye out for留心；注意 have mercy on对·…··怜悯 come to terms with甘心忍受；处理 draw attention to注意 find fault with挑……的毛病get hold of抓住；拿住；握住 get rid of摆脱 give rise to引起keep[stay]in touch with与保持联系 keep track of保持联系 take pride in感到自豪take notice of注意；留心；款待 make friends with与......交友 make fun of取笑；嘲笑make preparations for为……准备 make room for给……腾地方
类 别 例 示
5. 动词+副词+介词这类短语动词相当于及物动词，需要接宾语，大多也可以用于被动语态 1. I can't put up with their bad behavior any longer. 2. I have to work hard to keep up with the other students. 3. Hard work can often make up for a lack of intelligence. 4. The teachers want to do away with cheating in the school. 考试大纲和教材中常见的这类短语动词
break away from 摆脱；脱离 add up to合计达，等于 catch up with 赶上come up with 提出，想出(主意等) come up to 达到；符合 date back to 追溯到do away with 废除；取消 drop in at 顺便访问某地 drop in on 顺便走访某人 drop out of 从......中退出；辍学 end up with 以……告终 fall in love with 爱上 fill up with 用……装满 fit in(with) 与……相适应[协调] get along[on]with 进展；相处get through to 理解；打通电话 come in for 得到；受到 face up to 面对 get away with 逃离 go down on one’s knees 跪下 get down to 认真从事go on with 继续做某事 go in for 赞成；参加；爱好 go through with 完成 hold on to 抓[留，保]住 keep away from 避免 keep up with 跟上；不落后listen in to 听广播 look down on 轻视；蔑视 live up to 做到；不辜负(期望) look forward to 期待；盼望 look up to 尊敬；仰望 look out of 警惕；留心 make up for 补偿；赔偿 make up to 接近；巴结；讨好 pull out of 从……中退出
6. 动词+反身代词 +介词这类短语动词相当于及物动词，其后可接宾语，如果不用反身代词，有的需用被动语态 Thescientist devoted himself to the research of outer space. =The scientist was devoted to the research of outer space. 考试大纲和教材中常见的这类短语动词
congratulate oneself on庆幸自己 adjust oneself to使调整适应treat oneself to舍得(吃；穿；喝等) throw oneself into积极投身于apply oneself to专注于 lose oneself in埋头于；专心于 dress oneself in穿(衣服) express oneself in用……表达思想help oneself to自取[用](某物) find oneself in发现自己处于 addict oneself to沉溺于 amuse oneself with[ by]以……自娱make oneself at home随便，不拘束 prepare oneself for使自己准备好abandon oneself to沉溺于；陷入 accustom oneself to使习惯于address oneself to忙于 adapt oneself to使自己适应于devote oneself’to致力[专心] pride oneself in以……自豪
常用短语动词
类 别 例 示
v.+ about complain about 抱怨 concern about 关心；挂念 inquire about 询问go about 着手；走动 hear about 听说 come about 发生；产生speak about 谈到；谈论 argue about 争论 ask about 打听；探寻 bother abut 麻烦；烦扰 forget about 忘记bring about 引起；产生；导致 care about 关心；在乎 think about 考虑；回想 know about 了解 quarrel about 为......争吵 read about 读到；阅悉set about 开始；着手 worry about 为......担心 talk about 讲；谈论
v. +across get across 传播；为人理解 run across 偶然碰见[遇见] come across 无意发现；偶遇 cut across 抄近路；穿过
v.+ after long after 渴望 look after 照顾；看管；寻求 take after 长得像go after 追逐；追求；跟随 name after 以……命名 run after 追求；跟踪
v.+ against warn against谨防 prevent against预防 provide against预备 protest against抗议 protect......against防卫 compete against与......竞争 argue against 反对 go against 违反；违背 turn against背叛
v.+ apart fall apart 崩溃；拆开 pull apart 拉开 grow apart 逐渐疏远come apart 破碎 set apart 区别；突出 tell apart 区分；分辨
v.+around play around 玩弄；闲荡 show around 带领参观 talk around 说服；四处走动；供应
v.+ aside put aside 搁置 leave aside 不考虑 set aside 拨出，储蓄 throw aside 抛弃 lay aside 暂放一边 push aside 推开；避免
v.+ as treat…as把当作 use…as用作 work as 担任；充当accept…as 认可……是act as 扮演；充当 consider...as 把看作;认为……是 regard…as把当作 refer to…as把……称[当]作 see…as 把……看作是serve as用作；当 take…as把……看作 think of... as 把……看作；认为……是 employ…as 雇……为 have…as把……当作 imagine…as 把设想为keep...as把当作 leave sth as it is任其发展 look on…as 把……看成是
v.+at look at看；注视 point at 指向 shoot at 向……射击shout at冲……喊 stare at注视，凝视 wonder at对……惊奇[惊讶]work at从事；研究 aim at 旨在；瞄准 arrive at 到达 bite at 咬住 call at 访问(某地) come at攻击；袭击 estimate at预计 land at在……登陆 laugh at嘲笑fire at向……射击 fly at扑向 glare at怒视knock at敲击(门窗)
v.+away take away拿走 throw away扔掉 turn away把……打发走blow away刮走；吹走 break away摆脱 carry away拿走cast away抛弃；使失事 clear away扫除 cut away割掉give away分发；泄露；赠送 go away走开；离开 move away移开pass away去世；逝世 put away把……收好；贮存 rot away烂掉；腐烂run away跑开 smooth away克服，消除 stay away不在家；夕卜出die away渐渐消失 fly away飞离 get away逃走wash away冲走；冲垮 wear away磨损；消失
v.+ back hold back忍住；退缩 keep back忍住；阻止；隐瞒come back回来 date back回溯至 get back回来；返回 look back回顾；踌躇 pay back偿还(债款等) ring back回电话answer back回嘴 bring back使想起；带回 call back回电话take back撤[收，带]回 write back回信 talk back顶嘴give back归还
v.+ by learn…by heart 背诵；谙记 live by v-ing 靠……为生 stand by 站在旁边；支持go by (时间)过去；根据 judge by 根据……判断 know...by heart 背诵；谙记pass by (时间)过去；经过
v.+ down break down垮下；分解；出故障 bring down使降低 cut down削减；砍倒burn down烧毁 calm down平静下来 die down渐熄 get down取下；吞下；沮丧 hand down传递；遗传 knock down撞倒；拆掉lay down放下；铺设 let down使失望；放低 pass down传下来 push down拆毁；摧毁；推翻 put down削减；节省；镇压 settle down定居；安家take down记下；记录 turn down调小；拒绝 write down记下
v.+for apologize to sb for因……道歉 apply for申请；要求long for渴望 look for寻找 pay for负担……的费用pray for祈求 praise sb for赞扬 prepare for为……准备stand for代表；象征；支持 take for误认为 thank sb for感谢wait for等候 wish for希望 admire sb for 钦佩 allow for 考虑到；顾及punish sb for惩罚 reward sb for奖赏 scold sb for责备search for搜寻；寻找 seek for寻找 send for派人去请arrange for安排 ask for询问；向……要 beg for乞求answer for对……负责 hope for希望 hunt for寻找；搜索；追寻 leave for出发去blame sb for因……责备 call for要求；需要；邀请 care for关心；喜欢；想要change…for用……换 criticize sb for因……批评 envy sb for妒忌 excuse sb for原谅 forgive sb for原谅；宽恕 go for为……去；努力获得account for 解释
v.+forward look forward to 期待；盼望 bring forward 提出；提前 push forward 推进；继续进行 put forward 提出；建议；促进 carry forward 推进；发扬 look forward 展望未来
v.+from suffer from受……苦；患……病 vary from不同于adapt from改编自 benefit from从……中获益 borrow from从……借hear from收到……来信 infer from从……推断 keep from阻止；抑制 learn from 向……学习 originate from 起源于 prevent…from 阻止……干protect…from 保护……免于result from产生于；由于 rise from起源于come from来自 date from始于……时期 die from 因……而死differ from 与……不同 disable…from 使……不能做 discourage...from 劝阻……做save…from 从……救 separate…from 把……与……分离 steal…from 从……偷stop…from 阻止……干
v.+in persist in坚持；固执 result in导致；产生 send in提出；递送；参展get in收割；到达；插话 give in屈服；让步；投降 hand in交进；提出(辞职)compete in参加(竞争) draw in收(网) drop in顺便过访come in进来 keep in mind牢记let in让进来 lie in在于；葬于；躺在 participate in参加act in参演；扮演 break in闯入；插话 bring in引进；介绍；挣得；产生call in召集；来访 check in报到；登记 join in参加(活动) share in分享；分担 spend…in…在做……上花费 succeed in成功做 take in欺骗；摄取；接收 trust in相信 turn in上交；归还end in以……结束 fail in在……失败 fill in填写；填满involve in卷入
v.+into look into调查；检查；浏览 make…into把……做成 persuade…into说服某人做put…into把……放进[译成] run into碰见；数目达 step into步入throw…into把……扔进 translate…into把……译成 turn. into变成；译成 enter into着手；开始谈 fall into开始；分成 fall into pieces成为碎片dip…into把……插入 force…into迫使……进入 get into进人；陷入 go into进入；通向；招惹 inquire into调查 knock into撞在……上 break into破门而入；闯入 burst into突然发出[进入] come into进入；得到；继承change…into把……变成[译成] come into being产生；形成 come into power执政；上台 come into use开始被使用 develop into发展成为 divide…into把……分成
v.+of die of因……而死 dream of梦想；渴望 hear of听到关于accuse sb of 指责；控告 admit of 容许 approve of 赞成inform sb of通知某人 know of知道；了解 learn of闻知；听说 remind sb of使人想起 rob sb of抢人财物 speak of谈起；说到suspect sb of怀疑；猜疑 talk of谈到；说起 tell of讲述ask sb of 询问某人 assure sb of 使确信 become of…怎么样 complain of 抱怨 consist of 由……组成 convince sb of 使确信[相信]come of出身于 cheat sb(out)of骗取 cure sb of医治；矫正think of考虑；设想；想象；想出 treat of论述 warn sb of警告某人当心
v.+off slip off匆匆脱掉；溜掉start off出发 switch off关(灯等)take off除去；脱去；放[移]开 throw off脱掉；甩脱；摆脱turn off关上(水电)；解雇；辞退 wipe off擦去；消灭掉break off 中[折]断；停止 call off 取消kick off踢掉(鞋等) lay off解雇；不理会；使下岗leave off中止；脱去；戒除 pay off还清(债务)；得回报pull off脱掉；剥掉 put off脱去；摆脱；推迟ring off挂断电话 rub off擦掉；擦去 carry off夺去；获奖 come off发生；实现；脱落；成功cut off切去[开]割掉；削去 die off相继死去drive off赶走 fall off从……跌下get off下(车、马等)；脱去 give off发出；放出(光热等)go off走开 hurry off匆忙离去jump off跳离 keep off挡住；避开；不接近see…off送行 send off送走；寄出；解雇；撵走set off使爆炸[爆发]；引起；起程 show off炫耀；展览；卖弄shut off阻断；关上(水电等)
v.+on set...on fire放火烧 spend…on在……上花费spy on窥探 switch on开(电灯)；通(电流)focus on专心于 get on上车[马，船]go on继续(下去)；发生 have on(状态)穿上hit on巧遇；忽然想起 hold on稍等(不挂断电话)walk on继续走 work on继续工作；起作用keep on继续 lean on倚靠在lie on one’s back仰卧 live on以……为生；继续存在look on旁观 move on继续前进; 搬迁pass on传递；传给 pull on穿上(衣服等)push on奋力向前；推动 put on(表动作)穿；增加；上演；假装reflect on回顾；思考；影响 rely on依靠；信赖 congratulate…on祝贺；庆幸 count on[upon]仰赖；依靠improve on[upon]改进 insist on坚持take on担任[负]；雇用；呈现 try on试穿(衣，鞋，帽等)turn on打开(水电等) wait on服侍；侍侯depend on依赖[靠]；信任 feed on以……为食fit on试穿(衣服) fix on倾注于act on遵照……行事 agree on商定；达成共识base on以……为基础 call on访问；拜访；请求carry on(继续)进行；从事 catch on抓牢；理解；受欢迎centre on集中在[于] come on过来；赶快；开始comment on评论 concentrate on专心于；注意operate on给……动手术 pride oneself on以……自豪
v.+out cancel out取消；清除；抵消 carry out实行；开展；贯彻check out查明；结账 clean out清扫；清除；花光 clear out清除；扫出come out开花；发芽；出版 die out灭绝；逐渐消失 find out发现；查明；找出figure out算出；理解 get out离开；出去 give out发[放]出；精疲力竭try out参加选拔；试验；试 turn out关掉；证明；结果watch out当心；监视；注意；提防wear out(使)筋疲力尽；穿破 work out 算出；制订出；锻炼；产生结果 hold out伸出(手等) keep out阻止入内；不参加 kick out解雇leave out省略；删去 let out发出；泄露 look out当心；留神；向外看make out理解；看出；辨认 pick out挑选；区[辨]别出 point out指出；提醒break out爆发；突然发生 bring out取出；显示；说明 burst out突然发出；迸发；爆发put out扑灭；熄灭 run out用完 see out送至门口call out召集；大声叫 go out(灯火)熄灭 hand out分发 help out帮助(克服困难)sell out售完 send out出发；开始；陈述 set out出发；陈述；陈列；打算show…out领……出去 speak out大胆地说出 spell out详解；拼出spit out吐出 stand out突出；硅眼；支撑 stick out突出；伸出；显眼take out把……拿出来 think out想出 tire out(使)精疲力竭
v.+over think over仔细考虑 turn over翻；交付；移交watch over查看；监视 win over战胜；争取；说服 come over(顺便)来访 take over接管[收]；占上风fall over跌倒；摔倒 get over越过；度过；恢复；痊愈 go over复习；检查；翻阅；渡过talk over商议 look over翻阅；检查 look out over俯视；查看 push over刮倒roll over翻滚 run over浏览；车压过
v.+through fall through失败；不能实现live through度过；经历…···而不死 look through仔细查看；浏览；看穿see through看穿 sail through通过；坚持下来get through接通电话；通过；完成；及格 go through通过；经历；仔细查看；浏览 pass through经历；通过；经历 pull through度过难关；康复push through挤过；穿过 put through完成；接通电话break through突破；钻出；克服 carry through完成；坚持到底cut through走近路；剪断；凿穿
v.+to point to指向；指明；表明 prefer…to喜欢……胜过…… reduce…to减至；陷入refer to涉及；参考；查阅；暗指 reply to回答 see to注意；留心；照看；处理stick to坚持；粘着 suit…to使适合[应] take to喜欢；专心于toast to祝酒 turn to转向；参考；求助于 write to写给…… attend to处理；照料；注意 come to合计；苏醒 beat…to death把……打死appeal to求助于；投合(兴趣) drink to祝酒 devote…to献身[专心]于adapt to适应(新环境) add to增加；增添 adjust to(调整)适应amount to总计；达到 apply to适合；适用 attach to隶屑于；归因于 contribute to. 捐款；投稿；促成 get to开始；到达；接触 happen to发生事故sentence...to death判……死刑 starve…to death把……饿死 belong to 属于 join…to连接；结合 lead to导致；通向 listen to听marry…to把……嫁给 object to反对；讨厌 owe…to把…···归因于；得感谢
v.+together add together把……加起来；合计 come together聚合；集合hold together团结一致；结合；合成一体 join together把……连在二起throw together匆匆拼凑 put together汇合；集合；组装 stick together粘[吸附]在一起；团结gather together聚合；收集；集合 get together聚集；积累；联欢
v.+up open up开发；开始；展现pick up拾起；车接；收听 pile up堆积pull up把……往上拽 put up举起；升起；搭起sit up熬夜；不睡觉 speed up加快速度stand up站起来 stay up熬夜；不睡觉；挺住take up开始；从事；占；接纳 tear up撕毁；取消(合同)turn up卷起；开大；到场 use up耗尽；用光 rise up起义 roll up(使)成卷[筒，球]形send up发射；使上升 set up设办；竖[创，建]立；提出show up出现；到场；露面 divide up分割；瓜分；划分 do up梳理；修缮；包扎；扣好draw up草拟；拟定；汲取 dress up装扮；盛装；装饰eat up吃光；耗尽 end up结束；告终fix up安装；修理 give up放弃；中止；戒除cut up切碎；割裂 dig up挖出；掘起warm up加热 wash up刷洗；洗餐具look up查找；抬头 make up组成；编造；构成mix up弄混；拌和；搞乱；混淆sign up报名参加；签约受雇 grow up成长；长大 hang up挂起来join up连接；参军 light up照亮；点(烟等) keep up保持；继续 come up发芽；长出 dean up打扫；获利；整理clear up清理；澄清；(天)放晴close up关闭；使靠近 hold up举起；耽搁；延误 add up加起来；合计 break up结束；终止；分解；腐蚀bring up提出；抚[培]养；呕吐 brush up擦亮；温习；刷新build up振兴；增进；改建 burn up烧旺；烧毁 call up打电话；召唤；使想起 cheer up(使)感到振奋[高兴]
v.+with have sth to do with与……有关match with联姻；匹配 meet with遭受；经历；偶遇agree with同意；一致；适合 associate with与……交往[联系]begin with以……开始 catch up with[赶、跟、追]上charge...with控告；指控 combine with与……结[掺、混]合get in touch with和……联系 get on with进展；相处go on with继续做；忍受 talk with与……交谈go with同去；带有；相配 have a word with和……说句话have words with和......发生口角 have sth to do with与……有关start with以……开始 vary with随着……而变化keep in touch with保持联系 keep up with追随；不落后live with忍受；与……同住 make friends with和……交朋友 disagree with和……不一致 do away with废除；取消；去掉fill…with用……充满 do with对待，处置；相处；利用end up with以……结束；最后 equip...with以……装备fall in love with相[恋]爱 find fault with对……不满；挑剔furnish…with把……供给 get along with有进展；相处compare…with相比 compete with与……竞争connect with与……一致 deal with处置；对付；涉及；安排cover...with用……盖 decorate…with用……装饰provide…with向……提供 put up with忍受；容忍shake hands with与……握手 share…with分担；告诉……关于supply...with向“…·提供 stay in touch with保持联系have nothing to do with与……无关
常用短语动词例示详解：
break:
break away from摆脱，挣脱；脱离(政党等)；放弃(习惯等)；打破(陈规等) 1. I felt the need to break away from home. 2. They broke away from the national union and set up their own local organization.3. Modern music has broken away from l8th century rules.
break down vt. 破坏；打破；击败，粉碎；把(化合物)分解；把……分类[划分](以便理解)；中止(谈判，发言)vi. (机器)损坏，出故障；(门等)坍塌；(计划)失败；(身体)变衰弱；(精神等)崩溃 4. Police had to break down the door to get into the flat.5. Food is broken down in the stomach. 6. Please break down those income tax totals by age groups. 7. I left London when my marriage broke down. 8. The printing machines are always breaking down.
9. The bridge broke down in an earthquake. 10.Your health will break down if you work too hard. 11. The plan was good，but it broke down，because people were unwilling to cooperate.
break in闯入，破门而入；打断(谈话)；插嘴 12. A thief broke in during the night and stole all his money. 13. Don't break in when your teacher is speaking.
break into闯入；插入；强行进入；突然发出[开始] 14. The robbers waited until it was dark enough to break into the house. 15. At this point even the interpreter broke into weeping.
break off断开；折断；断绝；解除；突然终止；抛弃 16.Jack broke off telling the story to answer the telephone. 17. He broke off in the middle of his speech to clear his throat.
break outvi (战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发 18. The economic crisis broke out first in the United States. 19. Fire broke out in a neighboring street but was soon put out. 20. The whole meeting broke out in cheers.
break though冲破，突围；战胜；克服；征服；打破；违反；不顾；(太阳、月亮等云雾中)出现 21. Demonstrators broke through the police cordon(警戒线). 22. Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.23.The sun broke through at last in the afternoon.24. We’ll break through all the difficulties with our own hard work.
break up 粉碎，破碎；散开；解散；放假；衰弱；垮掉；分开；熔化 25. The ship was caught in the storm and it broke up on the rocks.26. Police were called in to break up the meeting. 27. When do you break up for Christmas
bring:
bring about导致；引起；带来；产生 1. A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests.2. How can we bring about a change in attitudes
bring back送[带、叫]回；归还；使回忆[想]起；(使)恢复 3. All library books must be brought back before June 20. 4. The trip brought back a lot of happy memories .5. The change of air brought him back to good health.
bring (back) to life使苏醒[生动、活泼] 6. His lectures on the subject really brought it to life. 7. This play brings to life an experience I had many years ago.
bring down降低；减少；着陆;打[伤、垮]；击落；浓缩；收缩；招致 8. Some countries demand to bring down the price of petroleum． 9. He brought down 9 enemy aircraft during the Korean War．
bring in引起；产生；介绍；宣判；挣得；收入；吸引；引入 10. The newcomers bring in new customs and new habits． 11. The sale of the house only brought in about $45,000.
bring on引起；促成；使发展[进步]；提出(论点)；导致；带来 12. The rain helped to bring on the crops. 13. He has brought all the trouble on himself.
bring out公布；发表；说明；阐明；出版；使(女子)参加社交；引出；显示出；上演；生产 14. A good teacher should try to bring out the individual talents of his pupils. 15. They try to bring out one new book each month. 16. Mrs. Green is bringing out her eldest daughter next month. 17.The teacher helped to bring out the meaning of the poem. 18. The factory is bringing out a new type of recorder.
bring up养育；教育；抚养；培养；提出；使再注意到；使停止；使到庭 19. Your suggestion will be brought up at the next meeting. 20. That child is very badly brought up. 21. The child was ill and brought up everything he ate.
call :
call at访问(某家、某地)；(车、船等) 停靠在 1. The train calls at every station. 2. We called at our new neighbor's house last week. 3. The ship calls at several ports to pick up passengers before crossing the ocean.
call back叫回来；召回；回想；回忆；取消；收回；回电话 4. He was called back from his holiday to handle the problem. 5.Can you ask John to call me back when he gets in 6. I can't call his name back.
call for取；迎；接；需要；要求；请求；叫喊 7. The man sat down and called for some beer. 8. The luggage is to be left here till called for. 9. I'll call for you at eight o'clock.
call in收集；召集；召请；收回 10. They decided to call in a doctor because the child was not any better. 11. The library is calling in all outstanding books.
call off叫开；转移开(注意力等)；放手；取消(婚约)；下令停止；点名 12. The teacher began to call off the names on his list. 13. He phoned her and called the appointment off.
call on访问；探望；拜访(某人)；乞求；请求；号召；呼吁；邀请 14. We thought we'd call on James on the way home.15. He calls on the people of this country to work r hard for national unity. 16. The UN has called on both sides to observe the ceasefire.
call out出动；唤起；引起；召集；大声叫；使显现 17. The army was called out to help fight fires.18. Doctors are often called out in the middle of the night．19. He called out and everyone rushed to his rescue.
call up使想起；召唤；提出；打电话给；征召(服役)；传讯 20. He called me up to tell me about it.21. I was called up three months after war broke out.22. The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood.23. The proposal about pollution was called up in the meeting last week.
come:
come about发生；产生 How did it come about that he knew where we were 2. Can you tell me how the accident came about
come across被理解[弄懂]；(偶尔)发现；(偶然)遇见；想起 3. Your speech came across very well；everyone understands your opinion now．4. I came across children sleeping under bridges.5. They came across the street to greet us. 6. It came across my mind that I had met him before.
come along一道来；陪伴；进步；进展；赶快；出现 7. Only Jane was invited to the party，but both her sisters came along too.8.When the right opportunity comes along, she'll take it.9. My son has begun to come along very well in French since the new teacher was appointed．10. My boss came along just as we were talking about him.
come (a)round绕道；过访；改变；轮到；苏醒；复元 11. The road was rebuilt，so we had to come around by the bridge. 12. Last week we came around and saw my grandmother.13. Christmas seems to come round quicker every year.
come at攻击；扑向；袭击；得[找、达]到；了解；精通 14. I saw the dog just as it was going to come at me. 15. The truth is often difficult to come at.16. How did you come at the result of the experiment？
come back回来；返回；复元；恢复；想起；忆起；再度流行 17. She fainted，but she came back to his mind from time to time. 18. It suddenly came back to me when I had seen the man before. 19. Miniskirts have come back in this season. 20. The scene comes back to my mind. 21. The little girl came back a few minutes after she fainted.
come down倒下；降落；跌落；流传；病倒；减价；传递 22. The child's temperature came down in the morning. 23. Several trees came down in last night's storm. 24. The building came down in the storm．25. The girl's necklace had come down to her from her grandmother.
come from来自；起源于；从……产生；生于 26. John comes from Florida and his wife from California. 27. What results do you expect to come from all these activities？
come in 进来；涨潮；(比赛)获得……名次；时兴；流行 28. The door opened and the man came in. 29. The tide is coming in, so don’t stay on the sand too 1ong. 30. When did the fashion for short skirts come in？
come into being发生；产生；出现；开始存在；形成 31. When did the universe come into being 32. No one knows when such a custom first came into being.
come off分离；脱落；逃脱；进行；举行，成功 33. A button came off as I was climbing over the wall. 34. The rocket launching comes off next week. 35. We hoped to go abroad for our holidays but our plans didn’t come off.
come on上演；赶快；来到；发展;(偶然)碰到；登台 36. The rain’s just about to come on, so let's get home quickly. 37. We came on a group of students having a picnic.e on - we're going to be late if you don't hurry!
come out出来；出版；出现；(消息)传出 39. The sun came out from behind the clouds late in the afternoon. 40. Some flowers have begun to come out in early spring.
come over顺便来闯；越过；横过 41. You really must come over some time and have dinner with us. 42. It's very noisy here because planes are coming over all the time.
come to苏醒；复元；共计；达到；终于；逐渐；开始 43. He will come to soon after the operation. 44. A dozen eggs and a packet of bacon—that comes to 55 pence. 45. Then they came to an agreement.
come to light显露；出现；明朗化 46. Fresh evidence has recently come to light which suggests that he didn't in fact commit the murder. 47. Some new information has come to light about the accident.
come to terms with让步；妥协；处理；处置；甘心忍受 48. He seems to have come to terms with losing his sight.49. He'd finally come to terms with that company.50. Life has its ups and downs and each person has to come to terms with his own share of misery.
come true实现；成为事实；证实；证明 51. At last his dream of being a doctor has come true. 52.What the newspaper said about the weather for today has come true．
come up接近；走近；上楼；长出；发芽；被提出；流行起来 53. I could hear footsteps coming up behind me. 54. The seeds I sowed last week haven't come up yet. 55. I'll let you know if anything comes up.
cut:
cut down砍倒；削减；减价；缩短；毁坏;改小；删节 1. Your article's too long—please cut it down to 1000 words.2. Half the forest was cut down to make room for the new road. 3. They cut down the price by half during the sale.4. The doctors have told me to cut down on smoking and drinking.
cut in插[接、加、突、冲]入；接通；插嘴；超车 5. She always cuts in when other people are talking. 6. Accidents are often caused by drivers who try to cut in. 7.I think I ought to cut in on what they are doing.
cut off切断；删去；断绝；中断；剪下；关掉 8. The rope is two feet longer than we needed，so we cut off the extra length. 9. Their water supply was cut off. 10. All the possible escape routes were cut off by the police. 11. The flood cut off the villagers from the rest of the world.
cut out 割掉；删去；关闭；切[削]成；取代；击败；切[剪，裁]下；停止；放弃；离群 She cut out the photograph from the paper. Let's cut out the unimportant details. He has decided to cut out smoking and drinking.
cut through挖通；凿通；贯穿；克服；避开 15. They had to cut their way through the forest with axes.
cut up 切碎；割裂；歼灭；抨击；攻击；卖弄 16. He cut up the watermelon，and gave each of us a piece. 17. The man cut down the tree and cut it up for firewood.
die :
die away [down，out](光、火、风、声音等)渐失[息、弱]，常可通用 1. The noise of the plane died away in the distance. 2. The colors of the sunset died away.
die away昏厥；失去知觉 3. He nearly dies away with fatigue.
die down(植物)枯凋；(谣传、疼痛)渐失 4. When the first frost came，the roses died down. 5. The rumors about the film star soon died down. 6.When the applause had died down, she began her speech.
die for 为(事业、国家、真理等)而献身 7.Many people died for the people's interests in the revolution.
die of [from]因(内外界环境影响到体内或疾病、衰弱、年迈等)而死(常可通用)；die of还可用来表示因内在感情造成的死亡；die from多用于环境、事故等外部因素造成的死亡 8. He died of cold [ illness，a disease，cancer，a fever，heat，hunger，thirst，poison，the bite of a snake，old age，a wound，fall，a broken heart，sorrow，grief，joy，disappointment，exhaustion，shame，laughing，starvation, etc.]9. He died from eating to excess [hunger，drinking too much，overwork，loss of blood，an traffic accident，broken heart，an electric shock，the earthquake，carelessness，some unknown cause，a disease, a blow，a heart attack，a chest wound，snakes bites，etc. ]
die off(动物、人、植物)相继死去；(声音)渐失 10. The chickens are all dying off from the disease. 11. It would be a pity if these birds are allowed just to die off.
die out(种族、家族、物种等)绝迹，死光；(习俗、观念等)消失，过时 12. Many old customs are gradually dying out．13. The wild population of koalas is in danger of dying out.
14. If too many of these rare animals are killed，their kind will die out．
fall:
fall asleep睡着; 入睡 1. He lay down on the sofa and soon fall asleep.2.Because I was tired, I fell asleep quickly.
fall behind落后; 落伍; 拖欠 3. John fell behind in his studies and finally had to leave school. 4. Diligence helps one to go forward，where as laziness makes one fall behind.
fall down倒[落, 伏]下; 失败 5. Our apple tree fell down in the storm.6. Where do you think the plan falls down
fall in love with与……相爱; 喜欢；爱上 7. Mary fell in love with Jim when they met for the time. 8. The whole family fell in love with the new house as soon as they saw it.
fall into陷[归]入; 分成; 养成 9. Don't let children fall into bad habits. 10. His book falls into four chapters. 11.The company has fallen into extreme difficulties due to the economic crisis.
fall off跌落; 掉下; 下降 12. He fell off the bicycle and hurt his arms. 13. Ripe peaches fell off the trees after a storm. 14. The number of passengers fell off slightly in January.
fall over跌倒; 翻倒; 绊倒 15. The hunter fired and the tiger fell over dead. 16.She tripped and fell over.
fall to pieces破碎, 崩溃; 瓦解 17. He's worried the business will fall to pieces without him.18. After the death of Napoleon his empire began to fall to pieces.
get:
get about走动; 活动; 旅行; 行动; 流传 1.Old people can't get about very well in the winter weather. 2.Let's prevent the rumour from getting about. 3.John gets about all over Europe，even though he hasn't got a car.
get across(使)通过; 渡过; 传播); (使)被理解; 把……讲清楚; 4.The bridge was under repair,so it took us a long time to get across.5.The general had to get his troops across the river. 6.I spoke slowly，but my meaning didn't get across.
get ahead of胜过; 超过 7.If she works hard she will get ahead of her sister in arithmetic.8.We are sure to get ahead of them in the near future.
get along前进; 进步; 相处融洽 9.The car could hardly get along on the icy surface.
get along with与……相处; 有进展 10.Jane has such a bad temper that nobody can get along with her. 11.How is your brother getting along with his new work
get around(=about)走动; 活动; 传播; 说服 12.The new roads will allow people to get around faster.13.My grandma is finding it harder to get about these days.14. News of Helen's pregnancy soon got around the office.
get away 挣脱；逃脱; 逃离 15.You can’t get away from the fact that the cost of living is always rising.
get back回来; 返回; 取回; 报复 16.He left Tokyo on Monday and won’t get back until Friday.17.If you get back in time,you can come with us.
get down降 [放、吞、记]下; 使沮丧; 使抑郁 18.Here is a telephone message I got down for you. 19.All this waiting and delay is really getting me down.
get down to静下心来认真做 20. It's time you got down to some reading or the other students will leave you behind. 21. That task isn't as difficult as it seems when you really get down to it.
get in进入; 进站; 到达; 加入; 22. The whole village was involved with getting the harvest in.23.What time does the train from Bei jing get in？
get in touch with与……取得联系 24.Now that my mother has a telephone, it's much easier to get in touch with her.
get into进入; 陷入; 养成(习惯) 25. It's easier to get into debt than to get out of it again. 26.The children got into the bad habit of switching on the television as soon as they came back from school.
get off送走；脱下(衣服等)；下(车)；动身 27. His mother told him to get his wet clothes off. 28. We got off immediately after breakfast.
get on上车上(车、马)；过活；穿上；相处；进展 29. You are getting on nicely with your English. 30. Get on my shoulders and have a look over the fence.
get on with与……相处；在……方面获得成功[进展] 31. It's hard to get on with a suspicious man.
get out出去；离开；泄露；出版；逃脱；摆脱；下车 32. I'll get out when you stop at the traffic lights.33. If the secret gets out, there'll be trouble. 34. Jim hopes to get his new book out before the end of the year.
get out of由……出来；从……得出；避免；放弃 35. The door locked accidentally, and I couldn't get out of the bathroom. 36. Joining a group will help to get you out of the habit.
get over越过；恢复；痊愈；克服； 37. Have you got over your financial difficulties yet？38. They came to a river and wondered how to get over. 39. She can't get over her shyness.
get rid of处理；去掉；摆脱；免除 40. It is not easy to get rid of a bad habit.
get round说服；规避；走动；传播 41. She doesn't get round much these days.42. The news of her resignation soon got round.
get sth over with做完 43. I’ll speak first if you like—I’d rather get it over with quickly.
get through通过；打通(电话)；度过；完成；及格 44. You would wonder how such a large animal could get through such a small hole. 45. I can’t get through to London；the lines are all busy[engaged]. 46. The teacher got them through without any failures.
get[be]tired of对……感到厌倦[失去兴趣] 47. He was tired, tired to death of the whole business.48. I was getting tired of all her negative remarks.
get to开始；到达；接触 49. We must get to the bottom of the matter．50. They have got to the essence of things．51.The boat will only get you to the nearest island，and you have to make your own way from there．
get together聚集；搜集；联欢 52. It's ages since I got together with the gang from school. 53. We get together once a year at Christmas time. 54. It will take me a week to get together all the materials I need for my talk.
get used to适应于；习惯于 55. I found the job tiring at first but I soon got used to it. 56. The food in England is strange at first but you'll soon get used to it.
get up起床；起立；爬上；登上 57. Few men these days get up to give a lady a seat on a bus． 58. The hill was so steep that the old car had difficulty getting up．59. They got up on the roof to watch solar eclipse.
give :
give away赠送；牺牲；失掉；泄露；颁发 1. The millionaire gave all his money away to charity. 2. She's not giving away anything he told her. 3. The headmaster gave away the prizes at the sports meeting. 4. They have given away two goals already.
give back归还；送回；(使)恢复；使重新获得 5. I picked it up and gave it back to him. 6. There was nothing the doctors could do to give me back the use of my legs.
give in屈服；让步；投降；认输；交上；宣布；呈上 7. The government cannot be seen to give in to terrorists' demands.8. She wouldn't give in until she received a full apology.
give in to同意；接受；让步 9. All assignments must be given in to your teacher by Friday.
give off 发出；放出(气味、光、热、声音等) 10. The flowers gave off a fragrant perfume(芳香). 11. If you don't shower more often，your body will give off an unpleasant smell.
give out分发；发表；分配；公布；用完；精疲力竭；发出(光、热、声音、气体等) 12. He has refused to give out any further information on the matter. 13. His strength gave out after he ran that long distance. 14. The rose gives out a sweet smell. 15. We saw a man giving out leaflets in the street. 16. The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.
give over停止；放弃；移交；交出 17. He gave charge of the office over to his successor. 18. The keys were given over to a neighbour in their absence.
give rise to引起；使发生；导致；造成 19. Such behavior might give rise to misunderstanding. 20. The novel’s success gave rise to a number of sequels(续篇).
give up让给；放弃；中止；停止；投降；投案；泄露(秘密等)；腾出(时间等) 21. They eventually gave up and went home. 22. She realized she was wrong and gave up the argument. 23. The criminal gave himself up to the police. 24. Her brother was given up by the doctors after the accident，but he lived just the same．
go:
go about 着手；从事；忙于；走来走去；(谣言等)流传 1. The best cure for grief is to go about your usual work. 2. People are going about more now that the weather's better. 3. The story may not be true，but it is going about all the same. 4. We must go about our work or we'll fall behind the schedule.
go against不利于；反对；相反 5. We mustn’t do anything that goes against the interest of the people. 6. It goes against my nature to get up early in the morning.
go ahead前进；进展；继续；成功；一直向前 7. You go ahead and tell them that we will be there shortly. 8. Don't be disturbed；just go ahead with your work.
go around四处走动；走来走去；供应 9. The young man is going around looking for work.
go away离开；停止 10. Go away and leave me in peace. 11. If this pain doesn't go away soon，I'll go mad.
go back回去；返回；回溯 12. Of course we want to go back some day—it’s our country，our real home. 13. The story went back to thousands of years ago.
go by经过；过去；依照；遵循 14. Guess who went by as I was waiting at the corner 15. If you ride a bicycle，you must go by the traffic rules. 16. Three years have gone by since we came to this university.
go down倒[落]下；倒在地上；(船等)沉没；(日、月)落下；(将食物、饮料)吞[咽、喝]下；(物价等)下跌；(温度、质量等)下降 17. The ship went down like lead. 18. Go down and see who is at the door，please. 19. Prices are going up all the time；it seems they will never go down. 20. John was delighted that his wife's cooking should go down so well. 21. He went down on his knees and begged for mercy. 22. Your temperature seems to be going down after you take the medicine.
go tor去拿[找、请]适用于；被认为；支持；赞许；袭击 23. If the child gets worse I shall have to go for a doctor. 24. Listen carefully，because this goes for you all. 25. In the election，the majority of votes went for him. 26. It sounds a good idea. Go for it!
go forward前进；进步；进展 27. The captain has asked all the sailors to go forward so that he can speak to them in a group. 28. The work is going forward at a satisfactory pace.
go hand in hand with与……齐步；与……相结合 29. Prosperity goes hand in hand with investment.30. Poverty goes hand in hand with disease.
go in for赞成；参加；从事；追求；为……而努力；爱好 31. Many newspapers go in for sensational happenings．32. Our son decided to go in for law，much to our surprise. 33. When she left college，she went in for nursing.
go into进入；参加；深入研究；调查；从事；涉及； 34. Little Tom had to go into hospital for his leg operation. 35. The police intend to go into the matter very carefully.
go off离去；退场；爆炸(警报器)响；(电灯)熄灭；(电)中断；(食物饮料)变质[坏]；(戏)演得(成不成功) 36. Just as the weather turned cold，the electricity supply went off. 37. You’d be surprised at what goes off at that club.
go on继续；接下去 38. I was tired of listening to her complaints，but she went on and on.
go on with继续做；忍受 39. We'll stop here for today and go on with the text next time.
go out出去；过时；不流行；(灯火)熄灭；退潮；落潮；送[发、派]出；(节目)播放；播出；(新闻或消息)发布；公布；发表 40. I don’t think you should go out with that bad cold. 41. Have all the wedding invitations gone out yet？42. The match went out in the wind. 43. This expression has gone out；nobody uses it today.
go over温习；浏览；仔细检查[审查、查阅]；反复研究；仔细琢磨；越过；度过；翻过； 44. Go over the text until you memorize it. 45. The police went over his room three times，but found nothing. 46.We went over the house thoroughly before buying it.
go round绕道走；绕……运行；饶过；分配；拱给每个人 47. We have wine enough to go round. 48. The earth goes round the sun. 49. The front gate was shut，so we had to go round.
go through通过；用光；履行；做完；经历；忍受；参加；审查；发行 50. The rope is too thick to go through the hole. 51. The country has gone through too many wars and natural disasters. 52. The lawyers went through the evidence. 53. This dictionary was warmly received by the reading public and went through two editions within a year.
go up 上升；增长；攀登；被提出；爆炸；炸毁；焚毁 54. Prices of fruit and vegetables have already gone up. 55. Many people came to watch the balloon go up. 56. The bomb went up，killing two people.
go with和……一道去；与……相配 57. Happiness doesn’t necessarily go with money. 58. I like the way the blue carpet goes with the golden curtains. 59. Certain kinds of wine go with certain kinds of food.
go without不用；无需；没有也行 60. It looks as though we shall have to go without a holiday this year. 61. It’s unhealthy and dangerous to go without sleep. 62. If there's no sugar you will have to go without；it won't do you any harm anyway.
have:
have a taste for爱好；对……感兴趣 She has a taste for classic music.Mary have a taste for old-fashioned furniture.
have a word with和……说句话[谈谈] I'll have a word with him and see if he'll help.The personal manager said he wanted to have a word with me.
have an effect on对……有影响 I tried taking tablets (药片) for the headache but they didn't have any effect on me.The radiation leak has had a disastrous effect on/upon the environment.
have an eye for对……有鉴赏力；能识别[鉴赏，判断，了解] She's definitely got a good eye for a bargain.Mum always has an eye for a good bargain.
have an interest in对……感兴趣 I'd recommend this book to anyone who has an interest in jazz.
have an interview with会见 We will have an interview with the new Education Minister.
have [gain，get]access to有[接触、进入、使用]……的机会[权利] You need a password to get access to the computer system. Cats should always have access to fresh, clean water.The tax inspector had/gained complete access to the company files.
have difficulty in v-ing做……有困难 The teacher had no difficulty (in) making himself understood. You will have difficulty in finding a good lodging house in the city. We had no difficulty (in) finding the house.
have difficulty with sth. 对……某事有困难 He had some difficulty with English pronunciation.
have mercy on对……有慈悲心 May God have mercy on us.
have nothing to do with与……无关 The teacher asked some questions which had nothing to do with his lessons.
have no choice but to do除……别无他法非做……不可 I had no choice but to wait for a taxi.
have sth. to do with与……有关 What you said has something to do with the affairs.
have words with sb同……口角 He often had words with his wife after they married.
hold:
hold back隐瞒；阻止；克服；退缩；踌躇；扣留；抑制 1. If I had not held him back, he would have beaten you soundly. 2. They are accustomed to holding back their emotions. 3. You shouldn't hold anything back from us; we want to know the whole story.
hold down压制；保住；抑制；压低；缩减 4. Most of the leading food shops have promised to hold prices down until after the new year. 5.He seems to be unable to hold any job down． 6. These measures helped to hold down traffic accidents.
hold good [true]有效；有用；适用 7. The same requirement holds good for all applicants.
hold on(打电话时)不挂断；等候；抓住；支持；停止 8. Hold on!Wait until I get my coat. 9. Could you hold on a minute？10. If he can just hold on a little longer, we can get help to him.
hold on to抓[拉、保、留]住 11. The soldiers held on to the bridge for three more days.12. Can I hold on to this book for another week 13. I think I'll hold on to these old records for now.
hold one’s breath不出气；屏住气 14. Hold your breath and count to ten. 15. We held our breath when listening to her song.
hold out伸出；拿出；提出；提供；抱有(希望)；维持；坚持不屈 16. They were ready to hold out a friendly hand. 17. They held out many fine promises to Jack to get him to work for them. 18. How long will our supplies hold out？
hold together团结一致；结合；合成一体 19. This special chemical can hold broken dishes together. 20. In those days the Church held the community together.
hold up支持住；承受住；搀扶；支撑；举[拿、抬]起；延迟；阻碍; 劫持 21. The policeman held up the traffic to allow pedestrians to cross the road. 22. The terrorists held up the train and kept the passengers as hostages(人质). 23. The chair was too weak to hold you up. 24.Though it was a long walk，the youngsters held up until the last minute．
keep:
keep an eye on注意；照看；留意看；注视；监视 1.That man looks suspicious；keep an eye on him. 2. Please keep an eye on my child while I'm away. 3. We should always keep an eye on the progress of science in the world.
keep an eye out for密切注意；提防；警觉 4. Keep an eye out for future announcements. 5. I' ve lost my ring. Could you keep an eye out for it when you clean the house
keep away from使远离；不接近；避开；使离开 6. The doctor told her to keep away from all sweets and other fattening foods. 7. You'd better keep away from the dog. 8. Nothing will keep me away from the exciting play.
keep back留在后面；阻止；留下；隐瞒 9. We must not keep back anything we know. 10. They kept back some of his wages to pay for the damage. 11. Jim was able to keep back his anger and avoid a fight.
keep fit保持健康 12. She tries to keep fit by walking after supper.
keep... doing sth. 使……继续下去；让……一直做某事 13. Sorry to keep you waiting - I got stuck in a meeting.14. Keep the fire burning，will you
keep...from doing sth. 阻止……做某事 15. The church bells keep me from sleeping.16. Something must be done to keep the roof from falling.
keep[bear，have]... in mind记住；不忘 17. It must be kept in mind that we shall have to be present before eight tomorrow. 18. You must keep in mind that he is younger than you.
keep in touch with和……不断接触；和……保持联 19. I often keep in touch with my old school friends by email 20. It is important to keep in touch with the latest scientific progress.
keep off让开；不让接近；把……驱开；远离 21. The police told the boys to keep off the grass. 22. The explorers made a camp fire to keep off wild animals.
keep on doing sth继续做；不停做 23. He just kept on laughing although I told him to stop. 24. You just have to keep on trying.
keep out不许[不使]人内；防止 25. They have shut the door，and mean to keep us out. 26. The number of deaths might be much smaller if we taught little children how to keep out of danger.
keep pace with跟上；同……齐步前进；和……步调一致 27. I can't keep pace with her in mathematics. 28. We must keep pace with new development in computer and technology.
keep step with赶上；跟上 29. Scientists have to work hard to keep step with scientific development.
keep to坚持；固守；遵守 He still keeps to his first resolution. When he is in a bad temper，he always keeps to her room all day.
keep track of观察；留心；与……保持接触[联系]；记录 32. He reads the newspapers to keep track of current events. 33. We have to keep track of every cent we spend.
keep up坚持；继续；保持；不落后 33. I enjoy our friendship and try to keep it up. 34. If the storm keeps up the crops will be destroyed. 35. So long as the cost of raw materials keeps up，prices of consumer goods will keep up，too． 36. That student has been getting all A's．I hope he can keep it up．
keep up with追随；不落后；与……并肩前进 37. Can you walk a little slower I can’t keep up with you. 38.I have to work hard to keep up with the other students．
knock:
knock about [around]漫游；到处流浪；(浪等)冲击(船等)；碰撞 1. On Saturdays I knock around with my friends.
2. We spent the day just knocking around the house.
3. The ship was badly knocked about by a rough sea. 4. For a couple of years we knocked around the Mediterranean.
knock against偶然遇到；和……冲突 5. I knocked my head against the doorpost and hurt it. 6. I knocked against Mr. Smith in the park this afternoon.
knock at[on]敲(门，窗等) 7. I knocked on the window and told the children to stop arguing . 8. We knocked at the door but there was no one there.
knock down打倒；撞倒；使减价 9. He was so angry with the man that he knocked him down. 10. The girl was knocked down by a lorry as she ran across the road. 11. The storekeeper decided to knock down his remaining winter stock.
knock into钉进；打进；偶然碰上 12. Can you knock the nail into the wood 13. I knocked into him on the street.14. I knocked into my old teacher in the town this morning.
knock out击倒；打败；敲出(烟灰等) 15. After knocking out his pipe，the old man went on with his story. 16. The boxer knocked his opponent（对手） out.
knock over弄倒；打翻 17. Carelessly, I knocked my tea cup over and the tea went all over the table cloth. 18. He knocked the thief over with one blow. 19. Jim was knocked over by a bus，but not seriously hurt.
look:
look about [around，round]四下环顾[寻找]；察看；游览；参观 1. People looked around when they heard a loud noise. 2. Let's look around Beijing University this afternoon. 3. We should look around carefully before deciding which house to buy. 4. They spent 3 weeks in Xi'an，looking about the city.
look around [round] for到处寻找；搜寻 5. I'm going to start looking around for a new house. 6. I've been looking about for a better job since I lost my job.
look after寻求；照料；看管；注意 7. Susan looked after us very well. She's an excellent cook.
8. You could tell that the horse had been well looked after9. I'm leaving you here to look after the business until I get back.
10. Don't worry about Maisie - she can look after herself.
look as if看来像是；似乎是；好像 11. It looks as if we were going to have fine weather. 12. He looks as if he had been hit by lightning.
look at看；注视；考察；查看；考虑 13. The twins looked at each other and smiled.14. Can you look at my car There's a strange noise coming from the front wheel.15. We need to look very carefully at ways of improving our efficiency.
look back回头看；畏缩；停滞不前 16. If we look back, we will realize the tremendous changes reform has made．17. Once you make an appearance on television you'll never look back. 18. Don't look back； you will succeed．
look back upon [on，over，to]回顾；追忆 19. When I look back on those days I realize I was desperately unhappy.
20. Looking back on it , I still can't figure out what went wrong. 21. As we look back over the month we spent there，our hearts are filled with gratitude.
look down on [upon]. 轻视；看不起 22. Don’t look down on a person only because he has failed in an exam. 23. Mr Garcia looks down on anyone who hasn't had a college education.
look for 寻找[求]；期待；指望 24. I'm looking for Steve - have you seen him
25. Detectives are still looking for the escaped prisoner.
look forward to 期待着；展望；盼望 26. I'm really looking forward to our vacation.
27. My mother says she's looking forward to meeting you.
look into窥视；调查；浏览；研究 28. She looked into my eyes for a long time without speaking. 29. I usually look into a magazine before I decide whether to buy it. 30. The government will look into how to reduce unemployment.
look like看来像；像要 31. That photograph doesn't look like her at all. 32. The weather doesn't look like clearing up.
look on [upon]旁观；面向 33. Only one man tried to help us, the rest just looked on in silence.
34. This building looks on to the public square.
look on...as把……看作；认为……是 35. She is looked on as the leading authority on the subject. 36. We look on him as a good friend.
37. I've worked there so long. I look on the city as my home.
look out向外看；当心；留意；提防 38. Look out！ A train is coming. 39. He opened the window and looked out. 40. Look out when you’re driving in the dark.
look out for 寻找；物色 41. Look out for your uncle while you're at the airport.
42. He's looking out for a nice apartment downtown.
look over仔细检查；原谅；复习；巡视 43. I want to look over these exercises before I give them to the teacher. 44. He has done wrong but the teacher will look over it this time. 45. I should look over my notes before the exam. 46. You should look over the house before you decide to move in.
look through 温习；仔细查看；粗略地检查、浏览或翻阅 47. Look through your notes before the examination. 48. I looked through my drawer， but I could not find my keys. 49. I usually look through newspapers after supper.
look up查阅字典或参考书等；上涨；仰望 50. If you don't know the meaning of a word， look it up in the dictionary. 51. Can you look up the time of the next train to Beijing？52. The price of goods is looking up again，so is the business. 53. She looked up and saw me.
look up to尊敬，敬仰 54. Mr. Smith had taught for many years, and all the students looked up to him. 55. He was always taught to look up to older people.
make :
make a difference有关系[差别，影响]；很重要；大有作为 1. The rain didn't make much difference to the game.2. John's score on the test will make the difference between his passing or failing the course. 3. She makes no difference between her two sons.4. It won't make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow.
make (both) ends meet量人为出；使收支相抵 5. Since Mike lost his job，we can hardly make ends meet. 6. Being out of work and having two young children, they found it impossible to make ends meet.
make/be friends with与……交朋友 7. Have you made friends with your deskmate 8. David finds it hard to make friends with other children.
make fun of取笑；嘲笑 9. It's cruel to make fun of people who have physical defect (生理缺陷). 10. I'm not making fun of you. I admire what you did.
make oneself at home随便；不拘束 11. Sit down and make yourself at home while I make some coffee. 12. “Make yourself at home.” The host said to me when I entered the house.
make oneself understood表白自己；让人理解自己 13. I'm not very good at English，but I can make myself understood. 14. Can you make yourself understood in English
make out理解；辨认；发现；看出 15. I couldn't make out what he was saying. 16. I can't make out what that sign says; it's still too far away.
make progress in doing/with sth在……进步[进展] 17. I have made great progress in speaking English recently. 18. I'm not making much progress with my Spanish.
make room for让地位[位置]给 19. Can