新高考英语语法表格式详解讲义：冠词
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冠词
英语中有a,an,和the这三个冠词, a/an为不定冠词, the是定冠词。有时名词前不用冠词称为零冠词。冠词是一种虚词, 不能单独作句子成分, 只能放在名词前面, 帮助说明这个名词的含义。
一、 冠词的类别和最基本用法
类别 基本用法 名 词 示例
不定冠词 泛指 a(n)表一个…… 可数名词单数 1．A dog is enough．(表数量)
a(n)表一类…… 可数名词单数 2．A dog is a faithful animal．(强调个体)
定冠词 特指 不可数名词 6．The water in this river is polluted．
可数名词单数 7. The dog killed by the man doesn't belong to me．
表一类…… 可数名词单数 3．The dog is a faithful animal．(强调全体)
可数名词复数 8．The dogs in the cage are Tom’s．
零冠词 表一类…… 可数名词复数 4．O dogs are fatihful animals．
不可数名词 5．O alcohol is a liquid．
二、 不定冠词的使用场合
使用方法 示例
1．a+辅音音素开头的词/字母前an+元音音素开头的词/字母前 a useful book a united country, a European student, a one-week trip, a university student, an ugly face an hour, an honour, an honest man an MP, an ABC book, an 8-day journey There is an“l”, an “e”, an“f” and a“t”in the word “left”．
2．可数名词泛指某类人或物前 相当于any, every 1．An eagle does not hatch a dove．（虎父无犬子。）2．A bad workman quarrels with his tools．3．A doctor is a person who saves people's lives.4. His father is an editor, a good editor．
3．首次提到的可数名词单数前 There is a dog and an elephant at the gate．The dog is mine and the elephant is Henry's．
4. 用于某些数目的表示中 a dozen 一打 a hunddred一百 ; a couple 一对 ; a quarter 1/4 ; a great many 许多
5．表示“一个”意思接近数词one An apple a day keeps the doctor away．(一天一个苹果, 医生远离我。）The book is a foot long, an inch thick.3．Rome was not built in a day．
6．用在姓名或Mr./Mrs.+姓氏前表示“某一 位”, “一个叫……的人”, 相当于a certain 1．A Professor Lee applied for the post.2．A Mr. Zhang is waiting for you outside the cinema．
7. 用在地名、国名、专有名词前有形容词修饰时, 表示某时的情况或某种样子 1. She is now a different China from what she was twenty years ago.2. You will see a stranger China in the near future.
8．表示“每一”相当于per, 用于某些表示时间、重量、长度等单位前 I get paid once a month, but not much. 10 yuan a kilo twice a day 80 miles an hour, 5 days a week two yuan a poud 800 words a day
9．a+most 表示 “很’’, “非常” 1．Though it is a most interesting movie I have seen, it is not the most interesting one．That is a most useful dictionary．
10．a+序数词, 表示“再一”, “又一” 1．You can have a second try if you are not satisfied．2．When I finished speaking, a third young man rose to go on．
11．a(n)+名词, 作表语 (表职业) 1．Mr Green is a doctor． 2．Tom is a lawyer．
12. 表示“同一”, “相同”时, 等于the same 1．We are all of an age (同岁)．= We are all of the same age． 2．We are all of a mind.我们大家一条心. 3. Birds of a feather flock together.(物以类聚。)
13．当物质名词具体化, 表示一类[阵、场、份]等意思时 1．There was a heavy snow yesterday.2． They didn't have much rain last month, but last night they had a heavy rain．3. Please give me a beer．(= a bottle of beer)
14．当抽象名词具体化即表示一具体的人或事时 1．The 2008 Olympic Games were a great success．2．It is an honour to be invited to the wedding party．3．Working is a pleasure(乐事) for me and I can get much pleasure(乐趣)from it．
15．世界上独一无二的东西前有修饰语时 1. A new moon is rising in the sky like a bow． 2．It's a small world, istn't it
16．在表示季节、月份、日期、三餐等的名词前有修饰语时 1．We had a very hot summer last year．2．The accident happened on a snowy Monday towards the end of Janury．3．We had a wonderful dinner at that wedding party．
17. 有些名词通常成对出现（被视为一体, 一套）, 一般只用一个不定冠词 Have you got a need and thread here 这儿有针线吗？a cup and saucer一副杯碟 a knife and fork一副刀叉.
18.用于表述某一部分或某一方面概念的不可数名词前面 China is a country which has a long history.He was brought up in a rich family and received a good education.A good knowledge of English is a must in an international company.
19. 用在同源宾语前 dream a sweet dream 做了一个甜蜜的梦 smile an attractive smile笑得迷人fight a hard fight 进行艰苦的斗争 die a glorious death 光荣牺牲sleep a sound sleep 睡得很香 live a happy life 过着幸福生活
20. 用在人名前，相当于one like. He wishes to become a Lei Feng.I want to become an Einstein.
21．某些固定短语中 have a look/walk/ break/ try/ bath/ go/ swim 看一看/休息一下/试一试/洗澡/ 试一试/ 游泳；take a rest/ walk/ break/ bath; make a choic/ decision/ plan/ study 作出选择/作决定/制定计划/研究一下； all of a sudden 突然 take an interest in 感兴趣 in a word简言之; get in a word 插话a great[good]many 许多 do a good deed 做好事 a number of 若干, 许多 go for a walk 出去散步 as a matter of fact 事实上 pay a visit to 参观 in a hurry 匆忙的 once upon a time 从前as a result of 由于, 因为 after a while 过一会 have a word with和……说句话 one at a time 一次一个 once in a while 不时, 偶而 be a waste of 浪费 at a loss 不知所措 in a sense 在某种意义上, lend a hand 帮助, as a rule 照例
记忆口诀 a , an 不定冠, 单数名词前； 辅音前用a, an 在元音前。泛指人物类似一, 词组有a 是习惯；复数不可数, a,an 均不见。
定冠词的使用场合
使用范围 示例
1．在表示特定的人或事物前 1．The girl with long back hair is my sister．2．The old man under the tree is my grandfather．
2．在表示上文提到过的人或事物前 1．I have been staying in the hotel for two weeks. The two weeks has been wonderful.2． I have a son and a daughter．The son is a soldier and the daughter is a nurse．
3．在表示说话双方都熟悉的人或事物前 1．Would you mind turning down the radio a little A baby is sleeping.2．Shut the windows before you leave the lab.
4. 在表示世界上的独一无二的事物前, 但有形容词修饰时, 可用不定冠词 the sun, the moon, the world, the earth, the sky, the universe, the star, the sea, the atmosphere(大气层)试比较: 1. A red sun is rising slowing in the east. 2. Man is studying and using the sun.
5．用于单数可数名词前 表示类别, 相当于不定冠词表示类别 A panda is an endangered animal．= The panda is an endangered animal．= Pandas are endangered animals．
6．在说及整个类属的名词前 1．The cat,like the dog, is liked by many people．2．The lion is more fierce than the wolf．
7．用在某些形容词,、分词前使之名词化, 表示一类人或事物 the rich [poor, blind, living, wounded, dead, deaf, learned ]1. You can't force me to do the impossible．2. The wounded were sent to the nearest hospital．3.The rich should help the poor．4. The beautiful lives forever.
8．在表示方向、方位的 名词前 in the east [west, south, north], on the right [left], in the middle1．The cold strong wind is blowing from the north．2．Turn to the right, and you will find the supermarket．
9．在表示自然现象名词前 the weather, the climate, the wind, *但nature前不用冠词the1．The rain has lasted three days．2．What's the weather like
10．用于普通名词构成的专有名词（国家, 组织, 机构、阶级、党派、 等）前 the United Nations (联合国）the BBC World Service (英国广播公司世界广播部）the Chinese Communist Party中国共产党 the Communist Youth League共青团 the World Health Organization世界卫生组织the United Kingdom 英国the Red Cross Society 红十字会the working class 工人阶级
11．用在演奏的乐器、文娱场所前 1．play the piano [violin, flute, guitar…]2．go to the cinema [concert, theatre, party…]但：There is a piano in the corner of the room.
12．用在姓氏复数前表一家人或夫妇二人 1．The Browns are living in China．2．The Smiths were sitting at the table, talking and laughing．
13．用在序数词或形容词最高级前 1．Physics is the most difficult subject and English is the easiest, I think．2．He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
14. 用在only, same,right, very之前，just之后 1. Her name and mine are the same.2. He has made the very same mistake again.3. He is the very person I am looking for.4. He is just the person I am looking for.5. This is the right book I lost yesterday.
15．在某项发明单数名词前 1．Thomas Edision invented the electric lamp.2．The compass (指南针) was invented in China 2000 years ago．
16．与民族、国籍的形容词连用指全体国民 1．The Chinese eat with chopsticks．2．The English are have a good sense of humour．
17．用在“越……越……”结构中 1．The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make．2．The more we get together, the happpier we will be．3. The more, the better.
18．用在世纪或逢十的复数年代前 in the twenties (在20年代)试比较 in one’s twenties (在20多岁时) in l990 (在1990年) at the age of 20 (在20岁时) over ninety (90多岁)
19．代替所有格代词, 用在抓、打身体或衣服的某部位名词前 pat [strike, hit] sb. on the head [nose, shoulder, back etc．]take [catch, seize ] sb. by the arm [hand, collar, sleeve ect．]hit sb. in the face
20. 用于by the+计量单位 以……计算, 按……计算 by the dozen [ton, pound…]; by the hour (week, day, month, ect．]*但by weight (volume) (按重量[体积]计算)不用the*by dozens以打计; 成批地 by hundreds很多 by inches渐渐地等也不用the
21．用于特指意义的物质名词和抽象名词前 1．Did you follow the advice that he gave you on how to deal with the matter 2．We don't want the air to be dirty．3．The younger generation is the hope of the nation．
用于江、河、湖、海、洋、运河、山脉、群岛、海湾、海峡、沙漠等专有名词前 若是单个的山或岛不用冠词 the Mississippi密西西比河 the Yangtze River长江 the West Lake西湖 the East Sea东海the Pacific Ocean太平洋 the Panama Canel巴拿马运河the Rocky Mountains 落基山脉 the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山脉 the South Sea Islands 南太平洋群岛 the Gulf of Mexico 墨西哥湾 the Bering Straits白令海峡 the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠 Mount Emei 峨眉山 Chirstmas Island 圣诞岛
23．用于表示公共建筑物的专有名词前 the Great Wall长城 the Summer Palace颐和园the Palace Museum故宫博物馆 the Captial Theatre 首都剧院the White House 白宫 the Opera House 悉尼歌剧院但：Buckingham 白金汉宫
24．用于朝代、时期、会议、报刊杂志、条约、历史事件前 the Qing Dynasty(Period)清朝 the Elizabethan Age 伊丽莎白时代 the l6th Party Congress第十六次党代会 the Washinton Post 华盛顿邮报 the Atlantic Pact大西洋公约 the Liberation War解放战争
25．某些固定短语 中 on the other hand 另一方面 by the way顺便提及 by the end of到……时为止For the time being 暂时 burn the night oil 开夜车 the other day几天前at the beginning of 在……开始时 put the blame on 归咎于 break the ice 打破沉默make the bed 整理床铺 on the other side of在……另一边 in the middle of在……中间at the end of 在……结尾时 on the contrary相反 in the open 在露天at the foot of 在……脚下 on the spot 当场 in the dark 暗中keep the peace 维护和平 on the air在广播 in the form of以……形式at the moment 此时 on the increase 不断增加 fall in the habit of养成……的习惯at the back of 在……后面 on the farm在农场 with the exception of 除......外strike the eye引入注目 on the radio通过无线电 the day before yesterday前天at the same time 同时 take the place of代替, 接替 in the whole 总之
巧记定 冠词 特指、重提和唯一, 方位、顺序和乐器, 姓氏复数国全名, 会议、条约和报刊, 岛屿、海峡和海湾, 年代、团体和机关, 沙漠、河流与群山, 海洋、党派、最高级, 船名、建筑和组织, 请你使用定冠词。
四、 不用冠词（零冠词）的情况
使用范围 例 示
1．表示总称的复数名词前 1．The film is not suitable for children．2．Trees can help clean the air．
2.当抽象名词表示一般概念泛指时 1．Failure is the mother of success．2．Which will you choose, wealth or health 试比较： She has no sense of direction．(泛指) They hit a truck coming in the opposite direction. ．(特指) Lily likes art (泛指 ) very much. Lily likes the art of the making money．(特指)
3．当物质名词表示一般概念泛指时 1. Wine is made from grain．2. Money is not everything.试比较：We can't live without water. (泛指）The water in the well is clean.(特指）
4．不含有普通名词的专有名词前(包括人名、地名、国名、车站、街名、公园等) 1．Wang Tao performed well in his first competition．2．Canada is the second largest country in the world． 3．I met WeiFang at Zhongshan Park the other day．4．The building stands on Chang'an Street．5．My brother is now studying at Oxford University．6．China is no longer the China (特指) of the past．7.I met him at Beijing Station the day before yesterday.
5．在表示季节、月份、日期、星期等的名词前 in spring [summer, autumn, winter]* 但 in the spring/summer/autumn/winter of 2009 (特指)2．in January [February, March, April, May, June, July, August…]3．on Sunday [Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday]4．Lily was born in New Mexico on February 28th, 2009．
6．在表示三餐的名词前 have breakfast [ lunch, supper, dinner ]*但Today I had a wonderful dinner with my old friends．(前面有形容词修饰表示具体某一次) The dinner was wonderful, we can not have a better dinner than this.
7．在表示学科的名词前 English is one of my favourite subjects．但: He likes history, especially the history (特指) of China．
8．当表示家人称谓或称呼时 1．Doctor, I'm not feeling myself today．(大夫, 今天我感觉有些不舒服。)2．Father is taking care of Mother at home．
9．在表示球类、棋类运动的名词前 1．I like playing basketball [football, tennis, volleyball etc．]2．Watching others play chess is of great interest．
10．表示语言的名词前,但有language 一词时, 须用the The young man can speak several languages, such as English, French, German, Russian and so on． 试比较： Chines is one of the most important languages in the world. The Chinese language is spoken by the largest number of people.
11．当名词前有指示代词、不定代词,形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时 1．My heart was filled with joy when I heard the news．2．I still remember one of my first lessons from this teacher．3．No student can leave the classroom early before the exam is finished.4．You can go to some place in Britain．5．A bomb exploded and destroyed King’s house．
12．与by连用的交通工具, 通讯工具前不用冠词 by ship [air, plane, bus, bike, motor, sea, hand , land, road, train etc．]*但 by car— in a car— in one's car by bus—on a bus—in the bus—in buses—in the buses by bike—on a bike—on the bike—on the bikes ;by plane- on a plane-on the plane
13．在含有Day的节假日等名词前 1．on Christmas Day, 但：at Christmas on New Year's Day, on National Day Woman’s Day, May Day, Children's Day, Mid-Autumn Day January 1 is New Year's Day.2．但与festival连用时前要用定冠词： the Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节 the Spring Festival春节 the Dragon Boat Festival端午节 the Bach Festival巴哈节,巴哈音乐季
14．当man表示人类及 man(男人)和woman (女人)用以代表全体时 1．Woman is supposed to live longer than man．2．Man is taller than woman．3．Man can save the earth; man can destroy the earth.
15．kind [sort, type ] of+名词, 其前不用冠词 1．He is not the kind of person to do things by halves.2．What sort of wine do you prefer 3．The performance attracted all kinds of people．
16．在表示独一无二的头衔或职务的名词在句中作表语、同位语、补语或介词的宾语时, 以及表示头衔、职位的名词与姓氏连用时 1．Wendy was made president of the society．2．Mr Mook was captain of the aircraft carrier（航空母舰）. 3．Chairman Hu was on a visit to Brazil at that time．4．We elected him monitor of our class．5．试比较：Mr White is head of the workshop．(作表语) The head of the workshop is Mr White．(*但作主语时须带the)
17．在表日夜各个时段的名词前 at dusk [sunrise, dawn, noon, daybreak, night, midnight]at [by, before, after ] 6 o’clock*但in the morning [afternoon, evening]; on the evening of May 1
18．in+书写工具或颜料时 Please write in pen [pencil, ink, black, red etc．] *但Please write with a pen [pencil]．
19．介词或连词连接两个相同、相对或关系密切的词构成固定短语时 step by step nose to tail (紧跟后面） arm in arm shoulder to shoulder day and night hour after hour week by week little by little from door to door from time to time side by side from north to south from morning till night heart and soul
20．表示程度的形容词最高级形式用作表语 时, 只用来同自身比较, 且无比较范围时, 但有比较范围时需用the 1．They are busiest on Monday．2．Vegetables are best when they are fresh.3. Of all books, this is the most interesting．4．I am the older of the two．
21．turn作“变为, 成为” 解时, 后面作表语的名词前不用冠词 1．Luxun was a medical student before he turned writer．2. 试比较：He became a lawyer when he left college. He turned lawyer when he left college.
22．在一个以“普通名词+as或though"开始的让步状语从句中, 名词前不用冠词 1．Woman as she was, she was brave.= (Al) though she is a woman, she was brave．2．Cold day though it is, they are still working in the field．= (Al) though it is a cold day, they are still working in the field．
23．表示颜色的名词前通常不加冠词 Green is my favourite color What color do you like I like red.
24.在独立主格结构中, “名词+介词+名词"中的名词前 1. The teacher came in, ruler in hand. , gun in hand.2. The policeman entered the room , a gun in his hand. (独立主格） , with a gun in his hand. （with 复合结构） and a gun was in his hand．(并列结构)
25.方位词作状语时, 前面不用冠词 The window faces south.The soldiers got to a village east of the lake.=The soldier got to a village to the east of the lake.
26. 不可数名词前不用不定冠词, 即使前面有形容词修饰。 advice; luck; baggage; bread; change(零钱); furniture; money; information; homework; news; progress,traffic; energy; equipment; fun; wealthWhat bad weather it is! We had great fun in climbing the Mount Tai in the rain.
27．在某地固定词组中 at dawn/daybreak/sunset/dusk; in danger; in debt（欠债）; on horseback（马背上）; on foot; be in bed（卧床）; be at church/class/school/hospital; leave word（留言）; go to town(进城购物）; go to class/college/school/university; in jail（坐牢）; leave college; at table（就餐）; by heart（默记）; beyond hope（毫无希望）; in honour of（以纪念）; in short（总之）; on sale; out of stock（脱销）; under way（进行中）; on arrival（到达）; by chance/accident; take heart（鼓起勇气）; lose heart（失去信心）; out of place （不恰当的）；make use of; on second thought(s)（经深思熟虑后）; by means of（通过） ; come into power（上台）; put ...into practice（付诸实践）; do damage to（给......造成伤害）; in modern times（当代）; send word（捎话） ; in use（使用）; take medicine（服药）; in search of（寻找） ; make room for （给......腾空间）；word（消息） came that...（消息传来）
零冠词记忆口诀 独一职位在某地, 用作表、补、同位语； 独立主格作状语, by 短语表方式；man一词表“人类”, 对比含义两名词； 系词turn后接表语, 新闻语体及标题；具体意义变抽象, 含有as/though的倒装句；人名、地名、国一词, 抽象物质不特指；月份、星期、节假日, 学科语言称呼语； 颜色、病名、五感觉, 棋类、球类、三餐词；复数形式表类别, 固定词组、惯用语。
五、 冠词的位置
位置 示例
1.一般说来位于一个名词或名词短语的最前面 a European country an honest and warm-hearted boythe difficult situation the happiest time
单数名词前有“as/so/too+形容词”, 冠词置于形容词之后 I have never spent as delightful a time as this Sunday.Jane is not so smart a girl as I thought.The teacher asked so hard a question that none of us could answer it.Maggie is too young a girl to be left by herself at home.
2. 单数名词前有“quite/ rather+形容词”, 冠词在quite/rather 前后均可 This is a rather/quite (rather/quite a )valuable suggestions.
3. 单数名词前有“such,half, many, ”修饰, 冠词置于such,half, many后 We were in such a difficult situation as we came across last time.He has never written such an interesting book as that.half a dozen of apples, many a flower (许多鲜花）
4. 在有how和what 引导的感叹句中, 冠词置于what后, how修饰的形容词后 What a splendid performance you gave us!How timely a rain we've got in such a dry season!
5. 名词前有all, both, double, exactly 等, 定冠词通常放在这类词之后 You've arrived at exactly the right moment.All the information is true.They offered him double the amount, but he still refused.
6. 用在only, right, same, very之前, just之后 1. He is the right man for the job.2. Don't make the same mistakes again．3.This is the very book / just the book that I am eager to read．4. He is the only person who has seen the film．
六、差之一冠, 意差千里
有些词组中, 有无冠词, 意义相处很多, 甚至相反, 常见的词组有：
无冠词 有冠词
in case of 以防in front of 在……的正前面in hospital 住院in charge of 负责, 管理in prison 坐牢in bed 卧床in class 在上课in office 执政in future 从今以后(全部将来)in sight(of) 看见in secret 秘密, 私下by day 在白天 at table 在吃饭go to sea 当水手= become a sailorgo to college 上大学go to church 做礼拜go to bed 睡觉go to court 起诉 go to town 进城(买东西)go to prison 入狱live on farm 务农leave school 辍学on board 坐船(车) on earth 在地球上；究竟, 到底out of question 毫无疑问on land 在陆地上take place 发生, 举行two of us 我们当中其中两人in fashion 流行, 时兴, 时髦in force 有效的, 在实施中 in place of 代替in possession of 占有, 拥有, 持有on fire 着火；发火, 发怒on occasion(s) 有时, 问或on watch 值班 in the case of 就……来说in the front of 在……里面的前部in the hospital 在那所医院(住院或工作)in the charge of 由……负责, 由……管理in the prison 在那所监狱in the bed 在床上in the class 在这个班里in the office 在办公室里in the future 将来某时in the sight of在……看来in the secret 参与秘密；知道内情by the day 按天计算at the table 在桌旁go to the sea 到海边去go to the college 到大学去go to the church 去教堂go to the bed 去床边go to the court 去法院go to the town 到城里去go to the prison 去监狱live on the farm 住在农场leave the school 离校on the boards 当演员on the earth 在地球上out of the question 不可能的on the land 在土地上take the place of 代替, 取代the two of us 就我们两人in the fashion 赶时髦, 随大流in the forces 在军队服役in the place of 在......位置上in the possession of 被……占有[掌管]on the fire 在火炉上；在考虑[审议]中on the occasion of 借……之际, 趁……机会on the watch 密切注视；留神
in the 20th century, in the 1990's 或in the 1990s
英语中有a,an,和the这三个冠词, a/an为不定冠词, the是定冠词。有时名词前不用冠词称为零冠词。冠词是一种虚词, 不能单独作句子成分, 只能放在名词前面, 帮助说明这个名词的含义。
一、 冠词的类别和最基本用法
类别 基本用法 名 词 示例
不定冠词 泛指 a(n)表一个…… 可数名词单数 1．A dog is enough．(表数量)
a(n)表一类…… 可数名词单数 2．A dog is a faithful animal．(强调个体)
定冠词 特指 不可数名词 6．The water in this river is polluted．
可数名词单数 7. The dog killed by the man doesn't belong to me．
表一类…… 可数名词单数 3．The dog is a faithful animal．(强调全体)
可数名词复数 8．The dogs in the cage are Tom’s．
零冠词 表一类…… 可数名词复数 4．O dogs are fatihful animals．
不可数名词 5．O alcohol is a liquid．
二、 不定冠词的使用场合
使用方法 示例
1．a+辅音音素开头的词/字母前an+元音音素开头的词/字母前 a useful book a united country, a European student, a one-week trip, a university student, an ugly face an hour, an honour, an honest man an MP, an ABC book, an 8-day journey There is an“l”, an “e”, an“f” and a“t”in the word “left”．
2．可数名词泛指某类人或物前 相当于any, every 1．An eagle does not hatch a dove．（虎父无犬子。）2．A bad workman quarrels with his tools．3．A doctor is a person who saves people's lives.4. His father is an editor, a good editor．
3．首次提到的可数名词单数前 There is a dog and an elephant at the gate．The dog is mine and the elephant is Henry's．
4. 用于某些数目的表示中 a dozen 一打 a hunddred一百 ; a couple 一对 ; a quarter 1/4 ; a great many 许多
5．表示“一个”意思接近数词one An apple a day keeps the doctor away．(一天一个苹果, 医生远离我。）The book is a foot long, an inch thick.3．Rome was not built in a day．
6．用在姓名或Mr./Mrs.+姓氏前表示“某一 位”, “一个叫……的人”, 相当于a certain 1．A Professor Lee applied for the post.2．A Mr. Zhang is waiting for you outside the cinema．
7. 用在地名、国名、专有名词前有形容词修饰时, 表示某时的情况或某种样子 1. She is now a different China from what she was twenty years ago.2. You will see a stranger China in the near future.
8．表示“每一”相当于per, 用于某些表示时间、重量、长度等单位前 I get paid once a month, but not much. 10 yuan a kilo twice a day 80 miles an hour, 5 days a week two yuan a poud 800 words a day
9．a+most 表示 “很’’, “非常” 1．Though it is a most interesting movie I have seen, it is not the most interesting one．That is a most useful dictionary．
10．a+序数词, 表示“再一”, “又一” 1．You can have a second try if you are not satisfied．2．When I finished speaking, a third young man rose to go on．
11．a(n)+名词, 作表语 (表职业) 1．Mr Green is a doctor． 2．Tom is a lawyer．
12. 表示“同一”, “相同”时, 等于the same 1．We are all of an age (同岁)．= We are all of the same age． 2．We are all of a mind.我们大家一条心. 3. Birds of a feather flock together.(物以类聚。)
13．当物质名词具体化, 表示一类[阵、场、份]等意思时 1．There was a heavy snow yesterday.2． They didn't have much rain last month, but last night they had a heavy rain．3. Please give me a beer．(= a bottle of beer)
14．当抽象名词具体化即表示一具体的人或事时 1．The 2008 Olympic Games were a great success．2．It is an honour to be invited to the wedding party．3．Working is a pleasure(乐事) for me and I can get much pleasure(乐趣)from it．
15．世界上独一无二的东西前有修饰语时 1. A new moon is rising in the sky like a bow． 2．It's a small world, istn't it
16．在表示季节、月份、日期、三餐等的名词前有修饰语时 1．We had a very hot summer last year．2．The accident happened on a snowy Monday towards the end of Janury．3．We had a wonderful dinner at that wedding party．
17. 有些名词通常成对出现（被视为一体, 一套）, 一般只用一个不定冠词 Have you got a need and thread here 这儿有针线吗？a cup and saucer一副杯碟 a knife and fork一副刀叉.
18.用于表述某一部分或某一方面概念的不可数名词前面 China is a country which has a long history.He was brought up in a rich family and received a good education.A good knowledge of English is a must in an international company.
19. 用在同源宾语前 dream a sweet dream 做了一个甜蜜的梦 smile an attractive smile笑得迷人fight a hard fight 进行艰苦的斗争 die a glorious death 光荣牺牲sleep a sound sleep 睡得很香 live a happy life 过着幸福生活
20. 用在人名前，相当于one like. He wishes to become a Lei Feng.I want to become an Einstein.
21．某些固定短语中 have a look/walk/ break/ try/ bath/ go/ swim 看一看/休息一下/试一试/洗澡/ 试一试/ 游泳；take a rest/ walk/ break/ bath; make a choic/ decision/ plan/ study 作出选择/作决定/制定计划/研究一下； all of a sudden 突然 take an interest in 感兴趣 in a word简言之; get in a word 插话a great[good]many 许多 do a good deed 做好事 a number of 若干, 许多 go for a walk 出去散步 as a matter of fact 事实上 pay a visit to 参观 in a hurry 匆忙的 once upon a time 从前as a result of 由于, 因为 after a while 过一会 have a word with和……说句话 one at a time 一次一个 once in a while 不时, 偶而 be a waste of 浪费 at a loss 不知所措 in a sense 在某种意义上, lend a hand 帮助, as a rule 照例
记忆口诀 a , an 不定冠, 单数名词前； 辅音前用a, an 在元音前。泛指人物类似一, 词组有a 是习惯；复数不可数, a,an 均不见。
定冠词的使用场合
使用范围 示例
1．在表示特定的人或事物前 1．The girl with long back hair is my sister．2．The old man under the tree is my grandfather．
2．在表示上文提到过的人或事物前 1．I have been staying in the hotel for two weeks. The two weeks has been wonderful.2． I have a son and a daughter．The son is a soldier and the daughter is a nurse．
3．在表示说话双方都熟悉的人或事物前 1．Would you mind turning down the radio a little A baby is sleeping.2．Shut the windows before you leave the lab.
4. 在表示世界上的独一无二的事物前, 但有形容词修饰时, 可用不定冠词 the sun, the moon, the world, the earth, the sky, the universe, the star, the sea, the atmosphere(大气层)试比较: 1. A red sun is rising slowing in the east. 2. Man is studying and using the sun.
5．用于单数可数名词前 表示类别, 相当于不定冠词表示类别 A panda is an endangered animal．= The panda is an endangered animal．= Pandas are endangered animals．
6．在说及整个类属的名词前 1．The cat,like the dog, is liked by many people．2．The lion is more fierce than the wolf．
7．用在某些形容词,、分词前使之名词化, 表示一类人或事物 the rich [poor, blind, living, wounded, dead, deaf, learned ]1. You can't force me to do the impossible．2. The wounded were sent to the nearest hospital．3.The rich should help the poor．4. The beautiful lives forever.
8．在表示方向、方位的 名词前 in the east [west, south, north], on the right [left], in the middle1．The cold strong wind is blowing from the north．2．Turn to the right, and you will find the supermarket．
9．在表示自然现象名词前 the weather, the climate, the wind, *但nature前不用冠词the1．The rain has lasted three days．2．What's the weather like
10．用于普通名词构成的专有名词（国家, 组织, 机构、阶级、党派、 等）前 the United Nations (联合国）the BBC World Service (英国广播公司世界广播部）the Chinese Communist Party中国共产党 the Communist Youth League共青团 the World Health Organization世界卫生组织the United Kingdom 英国the Red Cross Society 红十字会the working class 工人阶级
11．用在演奏的乐器、文娱场所前 1．play the piano [violin, flute, guitar…]2．go to the cinema [concert, theatre, party…]但：There is a piano in the corner of the room.
12．用在姓氏复数前表一家人或夫妇二人 1．The Browns are living in China．2．The Smiths were sitting at the table, talking and laughing．
13．用在序数词或形容词最高级前 1．Physics is the most difficult subject and English is the easiest, I think．2．He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
14. 用在only, same,right, very之前，just之后 1. Her name and mine are the same.2. He has made the very same mistake again.3. He is the very person I am looking for.4. He is just the person I am looking for.5. This is the right book I lost yesterday.
15．在某项发明单数名词前 1．Thomas Edision invented the electric lamp.2．The compass (指南针) was invented in China 2000 years ago．
16．与民族、国籍的形容词连用指全体国民 1．The Chinese eat with chopsticks．2．The English are have a good sense of humour．
17．用在“越……越……”结构中 1．The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make．2．The more we get together, the happpier we will be．3. The more, the better.
18．用在世纪或逢十的复数年代前 in the twenties (在20年代)试比较 in one’s twenties (在20多岁时) in l990 (在1990年) at the age of 20 (在20岁时) over ninety (90多岁)
19．代替所有格代词, 用在抓、打身体或衣服的某部位名词前 pat [strike, hit] sb. on the head [nose, shoulder, back etc．]take [catch, seize ] sb. by the arm [hand, collar, sleeve ect．]hit sb. in the face
20. 用于by the+计量单位 以……计算, 按……计算 by the dozen [ton, pound…]; by the hour (week, day, month, ect．]*但by weight (volume) (按重量[体积]计算)不用the*by dozens以打计; 成批地 by hundreds很多 by inches渐渐地等也不用the
21．用于特指意义的物质名词和抽象名词前 1．Did you follow the advice that he gave you on how to deal with the matter 2．We don't want the air to be dirty．3．The younger generation is the hope of the nation．
用于江、河、湖、海、洋、运河、山脉、群岛、海湾、海峡、沙漠等专有名词前 若是单个的山或岛不用冠词 the Mississippi密西西比河 the Yangtze River长江 the West Lake西湖 the East Sea东海the Pacific Ocean太平洋 the Panama Canel巴拿马运河the Rocky Mountains 落基山脉 the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山脉 the South Sea Islands 南太平洋群岛 the Gulf of Mexico 墨西哥湾 the Bering Straits白令海峡 the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠 Mount Emei 峨眉山 Chirstmas Island 圣诞岛
23．用于表示公共建筑物的专有名词前 the Great Wall长城 the Summer Palace颐和园the Palace Museum故宫博物馆 the Captial Theatre 首都剧院the White House 白宫 the Opera House 悉尼歌剧院但：Buckingham 白金汉宫
24．用于朝代、时期、会议、报刊杂志、条约、历史事件前 the Qing Dynasty(Period)清朝 the Elizabethan Age 伊丽莎白时代 the l6th Party Congress第十六次党代会 the Washinton Post 华盛顿邮报 the Atlantic Pact大西洋公约 the Liberation War解放战争
25．某些固定短语 中 on the other hand 另一方面 by the way顺便提及 by the end of到……时为止For the time being 暂时 burn the night oil 开夜车 the other day几天前at the beginning of 在……开始时 put the blame on 归咎于 break the ice 打破沉默make the bed 整理床铺 on the other side of在……另一边 in the middle of在……中间at the end of 在……结尾时 on the contrary相反 in the open 在露天at the foot of 在……脚下 on the spot 当场 in the dark 暗中keep the peace 维护和平 on the air在广播 in the form of以……形式at the moment 此时 on the increase 不断增加 fall in the habit of养成……的习惯at the back of 在……后面 on the farm在农场 with the exception of 除......外strike the eye引入注目 on the radio通过无线电 the day before yesterday前天at the same time 同时 take the place of代替, 接替 in the whole 总之
巧记定 冠词 特指、重提和唯一, 方位、顺序和乐器, 姓氏复数国全名, 会议、条约和报刊, 岛屿、海峡和海湾, 年代、团体和机关, 沙漠、河流与群山, 海洋、党派、最高级, 船名、建筑和组织, 请你使用定冠词。
四、 不用冠词（零冠词）的情况
使用范围 例 示
1．表示总称的复数名词前 1．The film is not suitable for children．2．Trees can help clean the air．
2.当抽象名词表示一般概念泛指时 1．Failure is the mother of success．2．Which will you choose, wealth or health 试比较： She has no sense of direction．(泛指) They hit a truck coming in the opposite direction. ．(特指) Lily likes art (泛指 ) very much. Lily likes the art of the making money．(特指)
3．当物质名词表示一般概念泛指时 1. Wine is made from grain．2. Money is not everything.试比较：We can't live without water. (泛指）The water in the well is clean.(特指）
4．不含有普通名词的专有名词前(包括人名、地名、国名、车站、街名、公园等) 1．Wang Tao performed well in his first competition．2．Canada is the second largest country in the world． 3．I met WeiFang at Zhongshan Park the other day．4．The building stands on Chang'an Street．5．My brother is now studying at Oxford University．6．China is no longer the China (特指) of the past．7.I met him at Beijing Station the day before yesterday.
5．在表示季节、月份、日期、星期等的名词前 in spring [summer, autumn, winter]* 但 in the spring/summer/autumn/winter of 2009 (特指)2．in January [February, March, April, May, June, July, August…]3．on Sunday [Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday]4．Lily was born in New Mexico on February 28th, 2009．
6．在表示三餐的名词前 have breakfast [ lunch, supper, dinner ]*但Today I had a wonderful dinner with my old friends．(前面有形容词修饰表示具体某一次) The dinner was wonderful, we can not have a better dinner than this.
7．在表示学科的名词前 English is one of my favourite subjects．但: He likes history, especially the history (特指) of China．
8．当表示家人称谓或称呼时 1．Doctor, I'm not feeling myself today．(大夫, 今天我感觉有些不舒服。)2．Father is taking care of Mother at home．
9．在表示球类、棋类运动的名词前 1．I like playing basketball [football, tennis, volleyball etc．]2．Watching others play chess is of great interest．
10．表示语言的名词前,但有language 一词时, 须用the The young man can speak several languages, such as English, French, German, Russian and so on． 试比较： Chines is one of the most important languages in the world. The Chinese language is spoken by the largest number of people.
11．当名词前有指示代词、不定代词,形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时 1．My heart was filled with joy when I heard the news．2．I still remember one of my first lessons from this teacher．3．No student can leave the classroom early before the exam is finished.4．You can go to some place in Britain．5．A bomb exploded and destroyed King’s house．
12．与by连用的交通工具, 通讯工具前不用冠词 by ship [air, plane, bus, bike, motor, sea, hand , land, road, train etc．]*但 by car— in a car— in one's car by bus—on a bus—in the bus—in buses—in the buses by bike—on a bike—on the bike—on the bikes ;by plane- on a plane-on the plane
13．在含有Day的节假日等名词前 1．on Christmas Day, 但：at Christmas on New Year's Day, on National Day Woman’s Day, May Day, Children's Day, Mid-Autumn Day January 1 is New Year's Day.2．但与festival连用时前要用定冠词： the Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节 the Spring Festival春节 the Dragon Boat Festival端午节 the Bach Festival巴哈节,巴哈音乐季
14．当man表示人类及 man(男人)和woman (女人)用以代表全体时 1．Woman is supposed to live longer than man．2．Man is taller than woman．3．Man can save the earth; man can destroy the earth.
15．kind [sort, type ] of+名词, 其前不用冠词 1．He is not the kind of person to do things by halves.2．What sort of wine do you prefer 3．The performance attracted all kinds of people．
16．在表示独一无二的头衔或职务的名词在句中作表语、同位语、补语或介词的宾语时, 以及表示头衔、职位的名词与姓氏连用时 1．Wendy was made president of the society．2．Mr Mook was captain of the aircraft carrier（航空母舰）. 3．Chairman Hu was on a visit to Brazil at that time．4．We elected him monitor of our class．5．试比较：Mr White is head of the workshop．(作表语) The head of the workshop is Mr White．(*但作主语时须带the)
17．在表日夜各个时段的名词前 at dusk [sunrise, dawn, noon, daybreak, night, midnight]at [by, before, after ] 6 o’clock*但in the morning [afternoon, evening]; on the evening of May 1
18．in+书写工具或颜料时 Please write in pen [pencil, ink, black, red etc．] *但Please write with a pen [pencil]．
19．介词或连词连接两个相同、相对或关系密切的词构成固定短语时 step by step nose to tail (紧跟后面） arm in arm shoulder to shoulder day and night hour after hour week by week little by little from door to door from time to time side by side from north to south from morning till night heart and soul
20．表示程度的形容词最高级形式用作表语 时, 只用来同自身比较, 且无比较范围时, 但有比较范围时需用the 1．They are busiest on Monday．2．Vegetables are best when they are fresh.3. Of all books, this is the most interesting．4．I am the older of the two．
21．turn作“变为, 成为” 解时, 后面作表语的名词前不用冠词 1．Luxun was a medical student before he turned writer．2. 试比较：He became a lawyer when he left college. He turned lawyer when he left college.
22．在一个以“普通名词+as或though"开始的让步状语从句中, 名词前不用冠词 1．Woman as she was, she was brave.= (Al) though she is a woman, she was brave．2．Cold day though it is, they are still working in the field．= (Al) though it is a cold day, they are still working in the field．
23．表示颜色的名词前通常不加冠词 Green is my favourite color What color do you like I like red.
24.在独立主格结构中, “名词+介词+名词"中的名词前 1. The teacher came in, ruler in hand. , gun in hand.2. The policeman entered the room , a gun in his hand. (独立主格） , with a gun in his hand. （with 复合结构） and a gun was in his hand．(并列结构)
25.方位词作状语时, 前面不用冠词 The window faces south.The soldiers got to a village east of the lake.=The soldier got to a village to the east of the lake.
26. 不可数名词前不用不定冠词, 即使前面有形容词修饰。 advice; luck; baggage; bread; change(零钱); furniture; money; information; homework; news; progress,traffic; energy; equipment; fun; wealthWhat bad weather it is! We had great fun in climbing the Mount Tai in the rain.
27．在某地固定词组中 at dawn/daybreak/sunset/dusk; in danger; in debt（欠债）; on horseback（马背上）; on foot; be in bed（卧床）; be at church/class/school/hospital; leave word（留言）; go to town(进城购物）; go to class/college/school/university; in jail（坐牢）; leave college; at table（就餐）; by heart（默记）; beyond hope（毫无希望）; in honour of（以纪念）; in short（总之）; on sale; out of stock（脱销）; under way（进行中）; on arrival（到达）; by chance/accident; take heart（鼓起勇气）; lose heart（失去信心）; out of place （不恰当的）；make use of; on second thought(s)（经深思熟虑后）; by means of（通过） ; come into power（上台）; put ...into practice（付诸实践）; do damage to（给......造成伤害）; in modern times（当代）; send word（捎话） ; in use（使用）; take medicine（服药）; in search of（寻找） ; make room for （给......腾空间）；word（消息） came that...（消息传来）
零冠词记忆口诀 独一职位在某地, 用作表、补、同位语； 独立主格作状语, by 短语表方式；man一词表“人类”, 对比含义两名词； 系词turn后接表语, 新闻语体及标题；具体意义变抽象, 含有as/though的倒装句；人名、地名、国一词, 抽象物质不特指；月份、星期、节假日, 学科语言称呼语； 颜色、病名、五感觉, 棋类、球类、三餐词；复数形式表类别, 固定词组、惯用语。
五、 冠词的位置
位置 示例
1.一般说来位于一个名词或名词短语的最前面 a European country an honest and warm-hearted boythe difficult situation the happiest time
单数名词前有“as/so/too+形容词”, 冠词置于形容词之后 I have never spent as delightful a time as this Sunday.Jane is not so smart a girl as I thought.The teacher asked so hard a question that none of us could answer it.Maggie is too young a girl to be left by herself at home.
2. 单数名词前有“quite/ rather+形容词”, 冠词在quite/rather 前后均可 This is a rather/quite (rather/quite a )valuable suggestions.
3. 单数名词前有“such,half, many, ”修饰, 冠词置于such,half, many后 We were in such a difficult situation as we came across last time.He has never written such an interesting book as that.half a dozen of apples, many a flower (许多鲜花）
4. 在有how和what 引导的感叹句中, 冠词置于what后, how修饰的形容词后 What a splendid performance you gave us!How timely a rain we've got in such a dry season!
5. 名词前有all, both, double, exactly 等, 定冠词通常放在这类词之后 You've arrived at exactly the right moment.All the information is true.They offered him double the amount, but he still refused.
6. 用在only, right, same, very之前, just之后 1. He is the right man for the job.2. Don't make the same mistakes again．3.This is the very book / just the book that I am eager to read．4. He is the only person who has seen the film．
六、差之一冠, 意差千里
有些词组中, 有无冠词, 意义相处很多, 甚至相反, 常见的词组有：
无冠词 有冠词
in case of 以防in front of 在……的正前面in hospital 住院in charge of 负责, 管理in prison 坐牢in bed 卧床in class 在上课in office 执政in future 从今以后(全部将来)in sight(of) 看见in secret 秘密, 私下by day 在白天 at table 在吃饭go to sea 当水手= become a sailorgo to college 上大学go to church 做礼拜go to bed 睡觉go to court 起诉 go to town 进城(买东西)go to prison 入狱live on farm 务农leave school 辍学on board 坐船(车) on earth 在地球上；究竟, 到底out of question 毫无疑问on land 在陆地上take place 发生, 举行two of us 我们当中其中两人in fashion 流行, 时兴, 时髦in force 有效的, 在实施中 in place of 代替in possession of 占有, 拥有, 持有on fire 着火；发火, 发怒on occasion(s) 有时, 问或on watch 值班 in the case of 就……来说in the front of 在……里面的前部in the hospital 在那所医院(住院或工作)in the charge of 由……负责, 由……管理in the prison 在那所监狱in the bed 在床上in the class 在这个班里in the office 在办公室里in the future 将来某时in the sight of在……看来in the secret 参与秘密；知道内情by the day 按天计算at the table 在桌旁go to the sea 到海边去go to the college 到大学去go to the church 去教堂go to the bed 去床边go to the court 去法院go to the town 到城里去go to the prison 去监狱live on the farm 住在农场leave the school 离校on the boards 当演员on the earth 在地球上out of the question 不可能的on the land 在土地上take the place of 代替, 取代the two of us 就我们两人in the fashion 赶时髦, 随大流in the forces 在军队服役in the place of 在......位置上in the possession of 被……占有[掌管]on the fire 在火炉上；在考虑[审议]中on the occasion of 借……之际, 趁……机会on the watch 密切注视；留神
in the 20th century, in the 1990's 或in the 1990s