新高考英语语法表格式详解讲义：数词
图片预览
文档简介
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
数词
表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词,主要有基数词,序数词,小数,分数和百分数等基数词, 小数, 分数和百分数表示数目或数量的多少。序数词表示顺序和等级。其功能相当于名词或形容词, 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语等成分。
一、 数词的分类及表示方法
基数词 变化方式 例词
1～12无固定词形 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13 ～19加后缀teen ▲thirteen fourteen ▲fifteen sixteen seventeen ▲eighteen nineteen
20～90整+加后缀+ty ▲twenty ▲thirty ▲forty ▲fifty, sixty, seventy ,▲eighty, ninety
十位和个位用“-”连接 twenty-nine, thirty-eight, forty-seven, fifty-six, sixty-five, seventy-four, eighty-three, ninety-two
单位词 100：hundred l,000：thousand l,000,000：million 100,000,000：hundred million l,000,000,000：billion
▲十位和个位之间用“-”▲百位和十位之间用“and"▲千位和百位之间用“, ”隔开 100：one hundred 202：two hundred and two121：one hundred and twenty-one1,221：one thousand, two hundred and twenty-one12,321：twelve thousand, three hundred and twenty-one123,321：one hundred and twenty-three thousand, three hundred and twenty-one1,234,321：one million, two hundred and thirty-four thousand, three hundred and twenty-one
序数词 第1至第3形式各异 first 1st second 2nd third 3rd
第4至第l9用基数词+th fourth, ▲ fifth, sixth, seventh,▲eighth,▲ ninth, tenth, eleventh,▲ twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth
第20至第90变y为-ieth twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetieth
只改变个位基数词为序数词 thirty-first, forty-second, fifty-third, sixty-fourth, seventy-fifth, eighty-sixth
100th：(one) hundredth101st：(one) hundred and first132nd：(one) hundred and thirty-second1,123rd：(one) thousand, one hundred and twenty-third1,000,000th：(one) millionth 1,000,000,000th：(one) billionth1,324,657,890th：(one) billion, three hundred and twenty-four million, six hundred and fifty-seven thousand, eight hundred and ninetieth
二、 与数词相关的其他表示法
小数 小数点读作point 0.035读作zero point zero three five1.58％读作one point five eight percent
倍数 once一倍twice二倍3 times三倍4 times四倍 3 times as long as The railway is twice longer than that one． 3 times the length of The lengthof the railway is 3 times the length of that one．
百分数 ％读作percent 45％读作forty-five percent96％读作ninety-six percent
分 数 分子基数词, 分母序数词；分子大于一,分母加“s”,分母若是2和4, 则用half, quarter代替 1/3读作one(-)third 3/5 three-fifths 1/2 读作one/a half 1/4读作one-fourth 或 one/a quarter注：(口语中) a third/a half/a quarter/a fourth比one-third／one half/one quarter/one fourth常见
度数 19 ℃ 读作nineteen degrees centigrade ; –12℃读作 minus twelve degrees centigrade 或12℃ below freezing; 0℃读作 zero degriee centigrade ; 0摄氏度以上 读作over zero centigrade
其他 the 10th line from the bottom/end 倒数第10行；last but one/ two 倒数第二/三
常见数学式子的英文读法 1.A + B=？How much is A plus B 2. A + B=… A plus B is … A–B= How much is A minus B A–B=… A minus B is … A × B= How much is A times B A× B=… A times B is … A ÷ B= How much is A divided by B A÷ B=… A divided by B… 3.A>B A is more than B A年月日 在某年、某月、或世纪、上午、下午、晚上) 用in，但当morning，evening 和afternoon前有形容词修饰时，用on. in l979／in March, 1999／ in the l970's／in the l9th centuryin the morning／in the middle of day／in the afternoonin the evening／in the daytime／in one's teens／in one's thirtieson a fine afternoon, on a stromy evening, on a windy moring
在具体的星期几, 某日, 某日下午、上午、晚上用on；在几点几分前用at on Sunday／on Sunday morning／on the morning of Sunday at night=in the night／on a cloudy nighton the night of April l, 1999in 2009／in January , 2009／on February lst, 2009at 8:00 on the evening of May 1st, 2010= at 8:00 in the evening on May lst, 2010
时 刻 等于或低于30分钟用past, 超过30分钟用to, 电台、机场、车站等计时, 直接读数 7:25— twenty five past seven or seven twenty-five 8.30 — half past eight or eight thirty 6:35 — twenty-five to seven or six thirty-five9:15 — a quarter past nine or nine fifteen6:45—a quarter to seven or six fourty-five
编号 一般用“名词+基数词”表示强调“编号”, 也可用“the+序数词+名词”着重“顺序”。 Lesson One = Lesson 1 = the first Lesson. She lives at No. 38 in this street.Bus No.2= Bus Number 2( 二路车） live at Room 318 (住在318房间）a No.9 bus (一辆9路车 ） the (No.) 8 Bus (那辆8路车）Room(No.)368 (368房间） Rooms No. 15~ 20 (15~ 20号房间）Page20=the 20th page(第20页） Carriage (No.)4 (第4号车厢）the No.2 Middle School (第二中学), in ClassFive, Grade One (在一年级五班）World War I= the First World War (一战） (No.)1608 Shanghai Road (上海路1608号）
通讯 Postal code(邮发代号)：1—119；Mailing address(邮编)：100035, ChinaFax(传真)：(010)3598-8643； Tel．No. 0394—8869369E-mail(电子信箱)：wangpeng@．Post Box(邮政信箱)：10201Website(网址)：www. .cn
不 精确数字表示 法 ……多 over She is above fifty．她50多岁。 more than
不到…… below She is under fifty．她不到50岁。 less than
大约…… He is about/around/ some /more or less /something like fifty.He is fifty or soHe is fifty (, ) more or less. 他大约50岁。
……到......从......到......……或......……和......之间 thirty to forty 30到40from thirty to forty从30到40thirty or forty 30或40between thirty and forty在30和40之间
半……一个半……两个半……一两……两三…… half a year=a half year,half a day= a half day, half an hour =a half houra day and a half=one and a half daystwo days and a half = two and a half daysone or two days = a day or two★a couple of people [days, weeks, oranges…]两三人[天、周、橘子]
不精确数字表示法 三番五次三年五载三思而行三五成群三言两语三心二意三十六行五花八门七嘴八舌 over and over again；again and again；time and again；repeatedly；a dozen of timesfor three or five years；in/for a few yearsthink twice before acting, act with prudencein groups of three and four；in knots, in small groups in a few words；in one or two wordsbe of two minds；be half-heartedall sorts of occupations; in every conceivable line of workof a wide variety, all kinds ofclash of opinions, all sorts of gossip, all talking at once, all talking in confusion
不定数目表示 法 head作“牲畜头数”时用单数 1．We raised 50 head of cattle．2．They bought 6 hundred head of horses, cattle and sheep for the farm．★two heads of cabbage两棵卷心菜
dozen of与代词宾格、定冠词、指示代词、形容词性的物主代词、名词所有格连用不能省略of a dozen (of ) eggsdozens of eggstwo dozen (of ) eggsthree dozen (of ) eggsmany[some, several ]dozens (of) eggsmany [some, several] dozens of eggs
score of+名词(of 一般不省略, 但其后+时间名词可省略) a score of books 2 score of books3 score of books scores of books3 score(years)and ten古稀之年 2 score years and ten 50年3 score and six years ago六十六年前
hundred+名词不用of, 但hundred of +代词宾格/定冠词/指示代词 one hundred trees two hundred treesthree hundred trees some (several, many) hundred trees themtwo hundred of the trees these treessome[several, many, a few ] hundred (of) trees some[several, many, a few ] hundreds of treeshundreds of trees
thousand用法同 hundred one thousand students, two thousand students, three thousand studentssome [several, many, a few ] thousand (of) studentssome [several, many, a few ] thousands of students themtwo thousand of the students these studentsthousands of students
million用法同hundred one million dollars two million dollars three million dollarssome [several, many, a few ] million (of ) dollarssome (several, many, a few) millions of dollars themtwo million of the dollars these dollarsmillions of dollars
不定数目表示法 固定用法 hundreds of thousands of children 成千上万的孩子hundreds of millions of children 亿万孩子tens of thousands of children 好几万孩子tens of millions of children 数百万孩子thousands of millions of children 数亿万孩子
数 字增 减和 倍数 表示 法 分数by+ 百分数 数字 1．Population has increased by (增加了) 150％in the past 35 years．2．The population has now increased by 150,000 to 6,000,000. 人口增加15万已达6百万。 3．The car output has increased by(已增加了)5 times．4．The price of houses has been reduced by one-third．
分数to+ 百分数 数字 5．The number of the students of our school has reduced to 2400．6．The Party members of our factory has increased to 145(已增加到145)．7．The temperatures can fall to -30℃ in the northeast．8．The visitors to Shanghai EXPO have been decreased to 1000,000 this week．
n 倍（2倍twice） 句型：A是B的n倍......。A is n times as+形容词原级+as B.A is ( n-1) times +形容词比较级+than B.A is n times +the +形容词对应的名词+of BThe bridge is 3 times as long as that one.The bridge is twice longer than that one.The bridge is 3 times the length of that one.
比较 increased by(增加)10％．The number of the students increased to (增到）20% increased from 2,000 to 2,500. this year has increased 5％more than last year．
三、 表示数量概念修饰词的用法
只修饰可数名词 a few / few; a couple of; many ; many a ; several, hundreds of ; dozens of ; scores of ; a number of; a great many; a good many a number of ; a great/good many
只修饰不可数名词 a little / little; much; a bit of ; bits of ; a great deal of ; a large amount of; large amounts of
既可以修饰可数名词亦可以修饰不可数名词 all; enough; none; most; more ; some; any; a lot of ; lots of ; masses of ; plenty of; piles of; heaps of ; large quantities of ; a large quantity of
不定代词+名词 不定代词+ of + 人称代词宾格． 定冠词+名词 指示代词+名词 some somemany manya few a few themseveral children several of the childrenany any these childrenmost mosta great many a great many
不定代词+of+名词的省略 half/both/all (of) the books = half /both/ all books （复数）each/neither/either/any of the books = each/neither/either/ any book (单数）
数词复合词①作后置定语用复数②作前置定语用“-’’连接, 名词用单数③作表语用复数 1. He is only five years old.(表语） He is a boy of five years old.(后置定语） He is a five-year-old boy.(前置定语）2. He lives in a six-storey apartment. He lives in a six-story apartment. He lives in a six-storeyed apartment. He lives in a six-storyed apartment. He lives in a apartment of three storeys. He lives in a apartment of three stories.3. New Years Day is in three weeks' time. New Years Day is in a three-week time New Years Day is in three weeks. New Years Day is in three weeks away.
四、数词的句法功能
基数词在句中可作主[宾、表、定、介词宾]语 1．It’s said that 13 (作主语) is an unlucky number. ．2．I only know three (宾语) of the students when the school term started. 3．The correct answer to the exercise is 121．(作表语)4．There are 2000 (作定语) people in the school． 5．The chance is that one smoker in six (作介词宾语)will die of lung cancer．6. Let us four (同位语) finish the work together .
序数词在句中可作主[宾、表、定、状、介词宾]语 1．The first(作主语)to arrive here today was John Smith．2．John Smith was the first(作表语)to arrive here today．3．The first(作定语)person to arrive here today John Smith．4. He was one of the first(作介宾)to arrive here today．5．He asked the first(作宾语)to arrive here about the accident．6．Think first (状语), then act.7. Who is that man, the first(同位语) in the front row
them
the eggs
★ two dozen of these eggs
my eggs
Tom's eggs
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
数词
表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词,主要有基数词,序数词,小数,分数和百分数等基数词, 小数, 分数和百分数表示数目或数量的多少。序数词表示顺序和等级。其功能相当于名词或形容词, 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语等成分。
一、 数词的分类及表示方法
基数词 变化方式 例词
1～12无固定词形 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13 ～19加后缀teen ▲thirteen fourteen ▲fifteen sixteen seventeen ▲eighteen nineteen
20～90整+加后缀+ty ▲twenty ▲thirty ▲forty ▲fifty, sixty, seventy ,▲eighty, ninety
十位和个位用“-”连接 twenty-nine, thirty-eight, forty-seven, fifty-six, sixty-five, seventy-four, eighty-three, ninety-two
单位词 100：hundred l,000：thousand l,000,000：million 100,000,000：hundred million l,000,000,000：billion
▲十位和个位之间用“-”▲百位和十位之间用“and"▲千位和百位之间用“, ”隔开 100：one hundred 202：two hundred and two121：one hundred and twenty-one1,221：one thousand, two hundred and twenty-one12,321：twelve thousand, three hundred and twenty-one123,321：one hundred and twenty-three thousand, three hundred and twenty-one1,234,321：one million, two hundred and thirty-four thousand, three hundred and twenty-one
序数词 第1至第3形式各异 first 1st second 2nd third 3rd
第4至第l9用基数词+th fourth, ▲ fifth, sixth, seventh,▲eighth,▲ ninth, tenth, eleventh,▲ twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth
第20至第90变y为-ieth twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetieth
只改变个位基数词为序数词 thirty-first, forty-second, fifty-third, sixty-fourth, seventy-fifth, eighty-sixth
100th：(one) hundredth101st：(one) hundred and first132nd：(one) hundred and thirty-second1,123rd：(one) thousand, one hundred and twenty-third1,000,000th：(one) millionth 1,000,000,000th：(one) billionth1,324,657,890th：(one) billion, three hundred and twenty-four million, six hundred and fifty-seven thousand, eight hundred and ninetieth
二、 与数词相关的其他表示法
小数 小数点读作point 0.035读作zero point zero three five1.58％读作one point five eight percent
倍数 once一倍twice二倍3 times三倍4 times四倍 3 times as long as The railway is twice longer than that one． 3 times the length of The lengthof the railway is 3 times the length of that one．
百分数 ％读作percent 45％读作forty-five percent96％读作ninety-six percent
分 数 分子基数词, 分母序数词；分子大于一,分母加“s”,分母若是2和4, 则用half, quarter代替 1/3读作one(-)third 3/5 three-fifths 1/2 读作one/a half 1/4读作one-fourth 或 one/a quarter注：(口语中) a third/a half/a quarter/a fourth比one-third／one half/one quarter/one fourth常见
度数 19 ℃ 读作nineteen degrees centigrade ; –12℃读作 minus twelve degrees centigrade 或12℃ below freezing; 0℃读作 zero degriee centigrade ; 0摄氏度以上 读作over zero centigrade
其他 the 10th line from the bottom/end 倒数第10行；last but one/ two 倒数第二/三
常见数学式子的英文读法 1.A + B=？How much is A plus B 2. A + B=… A plus B is … A–B= How much is A minus B A–B=… A minus B is … A × B= How much is A times B A× B=… A times B is … A ÷ B= How much is A divided by B A÷ B=… A divided by B… 3.A>B A is more than B A年月日 在某年、某月、或世纪、上午、下午、晚上) 用in，但当morning，evening 和afternoon前有形容词修饰时，用on. in l979／in March, 1999／ in the l970's／in the l9th centuryin the morning／in the middle of day／in the afternoonin the evening／in the daytime／in one's teens／in one's thirtieson a fine afternoon, on a stromy evening, on a windy moring
在具体的星期几, 某日, 某日下午、上午、晚上用on；在几点几分前用at on Sunday／on Sunday morning／on the morning of Sunday at night=in the night／on a cloudy nighton the night of April l, 1999in 2009／in January , 2009／on February lst, 2009at 8:00 on the evening of May 1st, 2010= at 8:00 in the evening on May lst, 2010
时 刻 等于或低于30分钟用past, 超过30分钟用to, 电台、机场、车站等计时, 直接读数 7:25— twenty five past seven or seven twenty-five 8.30 — half past eight or eight thirty 6:35 — twenty-five to seven or six thirty-five9:15 — a quarter past nine or nine fifteen6:45—a quarter to seven or six fourty-five
编号 一般用“名词+基数词”表示强调“编号”, 也可用“the+序数词+名词”着重“顺序”。 Lesson One = Lesson 1 = the first Lesson. She lives at No. 38 in this street.Bus No.2= Bus Number 2( 二路车） live at Room 318 (住在318房间）a No.9 bus (一辆9路车 ） the (No.) 8 Bus (那辆8路车）Room(No.)368 (368房间） Rooms No. 15~ 20 (15~ 20号房间）Page20=the 20th page(第20页） Carriage (No.)4 (第4号车厢）the No.2 Middle School (第二中学), in ClassFive, Grade One (在一年级五班）World War I= the First World War (一战） (No.)1608 Shanghai Road (上海路1608号）
通讯 Postal code(邮发代号)：1—119；Mailing address(邮编)：100035, ChinaFax(传真)：(010)3598-8643； Tel．No. 0394—8869369E-mail(电子信箱)：wangpeng@．Post Box(邮政信箱)：10201Website(网址)：www. .cn
不 精确数字表示 法 ……多 over She is above fifty．她50多岁。 more than
不到…… below She is under fifty．她不到50岁。 less than
大约…… He is about/around/ some /more or less /something like fifty.He is fifty or soHe is fifty (, ) more or less. 他大约50岁。
……到......从......到......……或......……和......之间 thirty to forty 30到40from thirty to forty从30到40thirty or forty 30或40between thirty and forty在30和40之间
半……一个半……两个半……一两……两三…… half a year=a half year,half a day= a half day, half an hour =a half houra day and a half=one and a half daystwo days and a half = two and a half daysone or two days = a day or two★a couple of people [days, weeks, oranges…]两三人[天、周、橘子]
不精确数字表示法 三番五次三年五载三思而行三五成群三言两语三心二意三十六行五花八门七嘴八舌 over and over again；again and again；time and again；repeatedly；a dozen of timesfor three or five years；in/for a few yearsthink twice before acting, act with prudencein groups of three and four；in knots, in small groups in a few words；in one or two wordsbe of two minds；be half-heartedall sorts of occupations; in every conceivable line of workof a wide variety, all kinds ofclash of opinions, all sorts of gossip, all talking at once, all talking in confusion
不定数目表示 法 head作“牲畜头数”时用单数 1．We raised 50 head of cattle．2．They bought 6 hundred head of horses, cattle and sheep for the farm．★two heads of cabbage两棵卷心菜
dozen of与代词宾格、定冠词、指示代词、形容词性的物主代词、名词所有格连用不能省略of a dozen (of ) eggsdozens of eggstwo dozen (of ) eggsthree dozen (of ) eggsmany[some, several ]dozens (of) eggsmany [some, several] dozens of eggs
score of+名词(of 一般不省略, 但其后+时间名词可省略) a score of books 2 score of books3 score of books scores of books3 score(years)and ten古稀之年 2 score years and ten 50年3 score and six years ago六十六年前
hundred+名词不用of, 但hundred of +代词宾格/定冠词/指示代词 one hundred trees two hundred treesthree hundred trees some (several, many) hundred trees themtwo hundred of the trees these treessome[several, many, a few ] hundred (of) trees some[several, many, a few ] hundreds of treeshundreds of trees
thousand用法同 hundred one thousand students, two thousand students, three thousand studentssome [several, many, a few ] thousand (of) studentssome [several, many, a few ] thousands of students themtwo thousand of the students these studentsthousands of students
million用法同hundred one million dollars two million dollars three million dollarssome [several, many, a few ] million (of ) dollarssome (several, many, a few) millions of dollars themtwo million of the dollars these dollarsmillions of dollars
不定数目表示法 固定用法 hundreds of thousands of children 成千上万的孩子hundreds of millions of children 亿万孩子tens of thousands of children 好几万孩子tens of millions of children 数百万孩子thousands of millions of children 数亿万孩子
数 字增 减和 倍数 表示 法 分数by+ 百分数 数字 1．Population has increased by (增加了) 150％in the past 35 years．2．The population has now increased by 150,000 to 6,000,000. 人口增加15万已达6百万。 3．The car output has increased by(已增加了)5 times．4．The price of houses has been reduced by one-third．
分数to+ 百分数 数字 5．The number of the students of our school has reduced to 2400．6．The Party members of our factory has increased to 145(已增加到145)．7．The temperatures can fall to -30℃ in the northeast．8．The visitors to Shanghai EXPO have been decreased to 1000,000 this week．
n 倍（2倍twice） 句型：A是B的n倍......。A is n times as+形容词原级+as B.A is ( n-1) times +形容词比较级+than B.A is n times +the +形容词对应的名词+of BThe bridge is 3 times as long as that one.The bridge is twice longer than that one.The bridge is 3 times the length of that one.
比较 increased by(增加)10％．The number of the students increased to (增到）20% increased from 2,000 to 2,500. this year has increased 5％more than last year．
三、 表示数量概念修饰词的用法
只修饰可数名词 a few / few; a couple of; many ; many a ; several, hundreds of ; dozens of ; scores of ; a number of; a great many; a good many a number of ; a great/good many
只修饰不可数名词 a little / little; much; a bit of ; bits of ; a great deal of ; a large amount of; large amounts of
既可以修饰可数名词亦可以修饰不可数名词 all; enough; none; most; more ; some; any; a lot of ; lots of ; masses of ; plenty of; piles of; heaps of ; large quantities of ; a large quantity of
不定代词+名词 不定代词+ of + 人称代词宾格． 定冠词+名词 指示代词+名词 some somemany manya few a few themseveral children several of the childrenany any these childrenmost mosta great many a great many
不定代词+of+名词的省略 half/both/all (of) the books = half /both/ all books （复数）each/neither/either/any of the books = each/neither/either/ any book (单数）
数词复合词①作后置定语用复数②作前置定语用“-’’连接, 名词用单数③作表语用复数 1. He is only five years old.(表语） He is a boy of five years old.(后置定语） He is a five-year-old boy.(前置定语）2. He lives in a six-storey apartment. He lives in a six-story apartment. He lives in a six-storeyed apartment. He lives in a six-storyed apartment. He lives in a apartment of three storeys. He lives in a apartment of three stories.3. New Years Day is in three weeks' time. New Years Day is in a three-week time New Years Day is in three weeks. New Years Day is in three weeks away.
四、数词的句法功能
基数词在句中可作主[宾、表、定、介词宾]语 1．It’s said that 13 (作主语) is an unlucky number. ．2．I only know three (宾语) of the students when the school term started. 3．The correct answer to the exercise is 121．(作表语)4．There are 2000 (作定语) people in the school． 5．The chance is that one smoker in six (作介词宾语)will die of lung cancer．6. Let us four (同位语) finish the work together .
序数词在句中可作主[宾、表、定、状、介词宾]语 1．The first(作主语)to arrive here today was John Smith．2．John Smith was the first(作表语)to arrive here today．3．The first(作定语)person to arrive here today John Smith．4. He was one of the first(作介宾)to arrive here today．5．He asked the first(作宾语)to arrive here about the accident．6．Think first (状语), then act.7. Who is that man, the first(同位语) in the front row
them
the eggs
★ two dozen of these eggs
my eggs
Tom's eggs
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)