人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit4 Natural disasters 词汇知识点课件(48张ppt)

(共48张PPT)
Natural disasters
language points
unit 4
一、拓展单词
3.________vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动→________n. 影响；结果；效果
affect
effect
4.________n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. （使）震惊→__________adj.令人震惊的；骇人听闻的→__________adj.震惊的；震撼的
shock
shocking
shocked
6._________vi. & vt. 呼吸→________n. 呼吸
breathe
breath
7.________vt. & vi.复活；（使）苏醒 →_________n. 振兴；复苏
revive
revival
8._________n. 智慧；才智→_______adj.充满智慧的；明智的
wisdom
wise
1._________vt. 摧毁；毁灭 ___________ n. 破坏；毁灭
2.______n. 死亡；死 ____v. 死去 _____adj. 死的；去世的 ______ adj. 奄奄一息的
5.__________ n. 电；电能 _______adj. 电的；电动的；用电的
destroy
destruction
death
die
dead
dying
electricity
electric
9.________vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦→__________n. 疼痛；痛苦 → _______ n. 受难者；受害者；患者
suffer
suffering
10._______vi. & vt. （火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出→__________n.喷发；迸发
erupt
eruption
12.________n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→__________adj.有影响力的；强有力的
power
powerful
13._______adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静 →__________n.平静；沉着
calm
calmness
14._________vt. & vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表 →__________n.传送；递送；交付
deliver
delivery
11.__________n. 幸存者；生还者→_________vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→__________n. 幸存；残存
survivor
survive
survival
sufferer
15._________ n. 总结；概括；概要 __________ vt. 概述；总结
16.______ n. 影响；结果；效果 ________ adj. 有效的；生效的 _________ adv. 有效地；
事实上
17._______ n. 长度 _____ adj. 长的
summary
summarize
effect
effective
effectively
length
long
1 rescue n.&vt.营救；救援
What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area？
救援人员和士兵正在洪水灾害地区做什么？
rescue...from... 把……从……营救出来
come to/go to sb’s rescue＝rescue sb 救援某人
When we were trapped in ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue.
当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援我们。
重点词汇讲解
单句填空
（1） At midnight the soldiers finally _________ （rescue） the tourists who were trapped in the valley.
rescued
（2） The firefighters rescued five children _______ the burning house yesterday.
from
（3） The mother, along with her two children, _____________ （rescue） from the mud-rock flow（泥石流）.
was rescued
2 damage n.损失；损害 vt.损害；破坏
cause/do damage to 对……造成损害;损害……
damage one’s health 损害某人的健康
They managed to repair the houses that were badly damaged in the earthquake.
他们修理好了在地震中严重损坏的房子。
易混辨析
destroy、damage、harm、hurt和ruin的用法辨析
destroy “毁灭；消灭”，主要指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难恢复
damage “损失”，主要用于物，表示部分的损失，一般可以修复
harm “伤害；损害”，常用于口语，指肉体、精神、健康等方面的伤害
hurt 主要指精神上或肉体上的“创伤；损害”
ruin 表示严重破坏，以致不能修复，但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭得彻底，而是强调致使该物的使用价值产生了问题。用作动词时,表示“使毁灭；使崩溃；弄糟”；用作名词时,表示“毁灭；瓦解；废墟”
Ⅰ.用damage、ruin、destroy、harm、hurt的适当形式填空
（1） There are many ancient temples which have fallen into _______.
ruins
（2） That town was ___________ in a big fire.
destroyed
（3） What they said and did __________ the relations between the two countries.
damaged
（4） His words ______ my feelings.
hurt
（5） Drinking too much can ________________ one’s health.
harm / damage
Ⅱ.一句多译
众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
（6） As we all know, smoking can _____________________________．（damage n．）
do/cause damage to our health
（7） It is well known that smoking can ___________________．（damage vt.）
damage our health
3 affect vt.影响;（疾病）侵袭；深深打动
（P49）82 killed，500,000 affected 八十二人死亡，五十万人受到影响
知识拓展
be greatly/deeply affected/touched 深受感动
be affected by heat/cold 中暑/ 着凉
be affected with high fever 发高烧
effect n. 效应；影响；结果
vt. 引起；实现；使发生
have an effect on 对……产生影响
Mrs Black is deeply affected by the touching movie.
布莱克夫人被这部感人的电影深深地打动了。
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1） It can also ____________（affect） by power and class，but not necessarily so.
be affected
（2） His timely help affected me_____ tears.
to
（3） __________（affect） with a serious disease，he was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.
Affected
Ⅱ.一句多译
每天熬夜一定会对你的健康造成很大的影响。
（4） Staying up late every day is certain to _________________________．（affect）
affect your health greatly
（5） Staying up late every day is certain to _________________________________．
（effect）
have a great effect on your health
4 shelter n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避（风雨或危险）
（P49）Shelters set up by the government政府建立的庇护所
知识拓展
take shelter from... 躲避……
shelter...from... 保护/遮蔽……免受……
shelter from... 躲避……
The parents’ best love is not to have the children sheltered all the time, but to have them learn to live themselves.
父母最好的爱，不是一直庇护孩子们,而是让他们学会自我生活。
完成句子
（1） After the terrible earthquake, the homeless need _____________________________________________．可怕的地震过后，无家可归的人不仅需要食物和水，还需要合适的住所。
not only food and water but also proper shelter
（2） We sat in the shade，________________ the sun.我们坐在背阴处，避免被晒到。
sheltering from
5 too...to...
（P50）Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋子里。
知识拓展
too...to...意为“太……而不能……”，too修饰形容词或副词，to后接动词原形。
同义句转换
（1） The house is not cheap enough for me to buy.
→The house is ____________________________.
too expensive for me to buy
（2） The problem is too difficult for me to work out.
→The problem is ________________ I can’t work it out.
so difficult that
6 in ruins严重受损;破败不堪
（P50）In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。
知识拓展
ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏
fall into ruin 成为废墟；破败不堪
ruin one’s hope 使某人的希望破灭
ruin oneself 自我毁灭
The temple was in ruins.
这座庙宇已经成了一片废墟。
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1） What left the town in _______（ruin）
ruins
（2） A large number of churches fell ______ ruin after the big flood.
into
Ⅱ.完成句子
（3） The heavy rain completely ___________________.大雨把我们的假期彻底毁了。
ruined our holiday
（4） Although some of the sections _______________________________ altogether, the Great Wall is the longest man-made structure in the world.虽然有些部分已是断壁残垣，或已彻底消失，但长城依旧是世界上最长的人造建筑物。
lie in ruins or have disappeared
7 shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊
（P50）People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.人们震惊了——然后，当天下午晚些时候，又一场大地震侵袭唐山。
知识拓展
a great shock to sb 令某人极为震惊的事
in shock 震惊；吃惊
shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth 因做某事而吃惊
shocking adj. 令人震惊的
经典佳句
We were all shocked by the shocking news that he was still in a state of shock after the accident.However，when he finally came to himself he looked at us in shock，knowing nothing about the accident.事故发生后他仍处于休克状态，这一令人震惊的消息使我们都感到震惊。然而，当他终于苏醒过来时，他震惊地看着我们，对事故一无所知。
点拨
shocked adj.“感到震惊的”， 表示人的心理状态和心理感受； shocking adj.“令人震惊的” ， 说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。
单句填空
（1） The news __________（shock） the public, leading to great concern about students’ safety at school.
shocked
（2） The news of his sudden death is so __________ that everyone is very __________ at it.（shock）
shocking
shocked
（3） I was shocked _________ （hear） that Kobe and his daughter died in the terrible air crash.
to hear
8 trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱
（P50）Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
知识拓展
trap sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事
be trapped in 被困在……
set/lay a trap 布好陷阱；设下圈套
be caught in a trap of... 陷入……的困境
图解释义
The locals are encouraged to set traps to kill these animals.当地居民被鼓励设捕捉器捕杀这些动物。
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1） She _____________ （trap） in the burning house.
was trapped
（2） I was trapped ______ telling the person all I knew.
into
Ⅱ.句式升级
（3） The team were trapped in the burning building and they were eager to be rescued. （定语从句）
→________________________________________________________________________
The team who were trapped in the burning building were eager to be rescued.
9 bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心
（P50）Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
知识拓展
bury...in... 把……埋到……里
bury one’s face in hands 双手掩面

经典佳句
Their ambitions were finally buried.他们的雄心壮志最终被埋藏了。
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1） She buried her face _____ her hands when she heard the bad news.
in
（2） Ever since he moved there, he _________________（bury） in his research work.
has been buried
（3） In the past three weeks, we have been burying ___________（we） in study because the exam is drawing near.
ourselves
Ⅱ.一句多译
因为他埋头读书,所以他不知道外面下雨了。
（4） _______________________________________________,
he didn’t know it was raining outside. （连词because）
Because he buried himself/was buried in the book
（5） ____________________________, he didn’t know it was raining outside. （动词-ing形式作状语）
Burying himself in the book
（6） ____________________,he didn’t know it was raining outside. （过去分词作状语）
Buried in the book
10 effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
make an effort to do sth 努力做某事
in an effort to do sth 为了做某事
spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力地做某事
Another reason why we should never give up is that we can learn from our mistakes only if we make an effort.
另一个让我们永不放弃的理由是，只有努力，我们才能从错误中学习。
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1） I do believe that all your________ （effort） will pay off sooner or later.
efforts
（2） As far as I’m concerned, you should make a greater effort __________（study） hard.
to study
（3） If I am lucky enough to be given such a good chance，I will spare no effort __________（finish） the task.
to finish
Ⅱ.一句多译
我们将竭尽全力帮助你,但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。
（4） We’ll _______________________ you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
try/do our best to help
（5） We’ll _______________________ you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
make an effort to help
（6） We’ll _______________________ you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
spare no effort to help
词汇11 suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
suffer from 患……病；因……而受苦
suffer from cold/hunger 受冻/挨饿
suffer losses/pains 遭受损失/痛苦
suffering n. 苦难；痛苦
sufferer n. 受难者
He suffered great pains as a result of the accident.
由于那次事故，他遭受了巨大的痛苦。
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1） Death finally brought an end to her __________（suffer）.
suffering
（2） She received many letters of support from some cancer __________（suffer）.
sufferers
Ⅱ.完成句子
（3） The company _____________________ as a result of the accident.由于那次事故，该公司遭受了重大损失。
suffered a great loss
（4） Even if he ________________________________，he never gave in.即使遭遇许多困难，他从不屈服。
suffered from a lot of difficulties
12 erupt vi.&vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出：突然发生；爆发
知识拓展
erupt from 从……喷出
erupt into 爆发为；突然发出（尤指叫喊）
eruption n.喷发；爆发
The volcano may erupt and then there will be earthquakes.Isn’t she afraid
火山也许会爆发，那将会引发地震，难道她不怕吗？
13 supply n.[pl.]补给品；供应（量）；补给 vt.供应；供给
（P52）The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。
知识拓展
in short supply 短缺
have a good supply of... 备有许多……
school/medical supplies 学校/医疗用品
supply sth to sb=supply sb with sth 向某人提供某物
其他表示“为某人提供某物”的短语：
①provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb
②offer sb sth＝offer sth to sb
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1） The government has supplied plenty of food and clothes _____ the local people since the earthquake occurred.
to
（2） I’d like to know the reason why the milk is _____ short supply in this area now.
in
Ⅱ.一句多译
没有必要担心，我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。
（3） There is no need to worry. We can __________________________________.
supply you with whatever you need
（4） There is no need to worry. We can ________________________________.
supply whatever you need to you
14 survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过
（P52）She’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.她正在喂地震中幸存的婴儿。
知识拓展
A survive B （by...） A比B活得久……
survive on 依靠……生存下来
survive from 从……中存活下来；流传下来
survivor n.幸存者
survival n.[U]幸存；[C]残存物
经典佳句
He was very lucky that he didn’t starve to death, but survived the cold winter.他很幸运，没有饿死，而是熬过了寒冷的冬天。
单句填空
（1） The traveler trapped in the lonely island survived _____ the fish caught in the sea.
on
（2） Of the six people injured in the terrible accident, only two __________（survive）.
survived
15 power n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力；权力
（P53）Go to an open space away from buildings, trees, or power lines.去一个远离建筑物、树木或电线的空地。
知识拓展
have the power to do sth 具有做某事的能力
come to power 上台；执政（表示动作）
be in power 执政；掌权（表示状态）
beyond one’s power 某人力所不能及的
powerful adj.强有力的
经典佳句
Great art has the power to change lives.
伟大艺术品的力量可以改变人们的生活。
完成句子
（1） It is two years since the party ________________.这个政党执政两年了。
came to power
（2） It is___________________ to finish the task in two hours.两个小时完成这项工作超出了我的能力范围。
beyond my power
（3） I do believe that encouragement is _________________ it can change a person.我确实相信鼓励的力量是如此强大，以至于它可以改变一个人。
so powerful that
16 calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
知识拓展
calm down 平静下来
calm sb down 使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来
calm the nerves 放松精神
keep calm 保持镇静
calmness n.冷静；镇静；安宁
经典佳句
Calm yourself down；there is no need to feel upset about it.
让你自己平静下来，没有必要为此事心烦。
完成句子
（1） The excited football fans _____________________.激动的足球迷们最终平静了下来。
calmed down at last
（2） ____________________________ in face of danger.在面临危险时，保持镇静很重要。
It is important to keep calm
17 aid n.&vt.帮助；援助；资助
（P53）first aid kit急救箱
知识拓展
give first aid to sb 对某人进行急救
with the aid of... 在……的帮助下
come to one’s aid 来帮助某人
aid sb in （doing） sth 帮助某人（做）某事
aid sb with sth 以某事/物帮助某人
aid sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事
经典佳句
With the aid of our teachers, we learned how to perform first aid.在我们老师的帮助下，我们学会了如何进行急救。
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1） I’d be very grateful if you can aid me _______ my English.
with
（2） Li Hua is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother __________ （clean） the house.
to clean
Ⅱ.完成句子
（3） The world has seen that sports records can be broken only __________________________.
全世界都看到了:只有在科技的帮助下，运动记录才能被打破。
with the aid of technology
（4） The doctors there taught us ____________________________________ in different emergencies.那儿的医生教我们在不同的情况下怎样对病人实施基本的急救。
how to give basic first aid to patients
18 crash vi.&vt.碰撞；撞击 n.撞车；碰撞；（飞机的）失事；撞击声
知识拓展
crash into/onto... 撞到……里/上
with a crash 轰隆一声
car crash 车祸；汽车碰撞
air crash 飞机失事
经典佳句
If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage the vehicle.
即使是最微小的一块垃圾撞到宇宙飞船上，也会造成飞船损坏。
完成句子
（1） _________________ yesterday on the mountains near the city.昨天一架飞机在该城市附近的山上坠毁了。
A plane crashed
（2） A lot of passengers were killed __________________.许多旅客在火车相撞事故中丧生了。
in the train crash
19 strike v.撞;碰;打；罢工；突然袭击；突然想到；（时钟）敲响；引起（强烈感情）；划（火柴） n.打击；罢工
be struck by/on/with... 被……打动；迷恋……
strike sb in/on+the+身体部位 击打某人某处
be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
写出下列句子中strike的意思
（1） The stone struck him in the eye._____________
打击；撞击
（2） A good idea struck me._______________________
突然想起；猛地意识到
（3） I was deeply struck by the beauty of Shangri-La._________________
给……留下印象
（4） The clock struck twelve.___________________
（时钟）敲；报时
（5） The girl struck a match to light a cigarette._____________
划（火柴）
（6） The bus drivers’ strike stopped all traffic._______
罢工
20 deliver vt.递送；生（小孩儿）；接生；发表（演说等）
deliver sth to 投递/运送某物给……
deliver goods 交货
deliver a speech 发表演讲；发表讲话
It is very considerate of you to deliver milk to our door every morning.
你真体贴，每天早上都把牛奶送到我们家门口。
完成句子
（1） The headmaster _____________________________ at the meeting yesterday.在昨天的会议上校长发表了重要讲话。
delivered an important speech
（2） Please _______________________ my mother.请把这个包裹交给我母亲。
deliver this package to
（3） He ___________________ to the students.他给学生们作了一个演讲。
delivered a lecture
THANKS