2023届高三英语二轮复习：构词法 课件-(21张ppt)
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| 名称 | 2023届高三英语二轮复习：构词法 课件-(21张ppt) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 127.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-10-31 12:40:11 | ||
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文档简介
(共21张PPT)
构词法
目录
CONTENT
01
词缀法
02
转换法
03
合成法
1
词缀法
写出下列句子中画线词的词性及汉语意思。
1. Martha is my friend. She is friendly to others.
2. Even in a fair society life seems so unfair sometimes.
3. Tom is good at law and he wants to become a lawyer in the future.
4. He decided to make a trip, but his family didn’t agree his decision.
5. Better to understand a little than to misunderstand a lot.
总结：
英语单词构词法的核心部分在于词根，词根决定单词的意思。词根可以单独构成词，也可以 通过加前缀（改变单词词义）或后缀（决定单词词性）来构成新词。
1. 否定前缀
dis- dislike disagree disadvantage disappear
il- illegal illogical illiterate
im- impossible imbalance immobile impolite
in- inhuman incorrect inaccurate
ir- irregular irresponsible
un- unhappy unhealthy
non- non-smoking non-existence
mis- mislead misunderstand misjudge
2.其他前缀
inter “互相，在…之间” international internet interview
mini “小” minibus miniskirt
pre “在…之前” preview pre-reading pre-school
re “重复” retell rewrite return review
sub “在…下面” subway
super “超” supermarket superman superstar
tele “远” telephone啊 telescope
练一练 在黑体词前加表示否定意义的前缀，并用其正确形式填空。
Do you prefer the smoking area or the area, sir
In order to keep healthy, he decided to change the lifestyle.
“Reduce” is formal, while “cut down” is .
I don’t him, but I don’t really like him much either.
In some states the legal age for drinking is 18, so it’s to sell alcohol to teenagers under 18.
non-smoking
unhealthy
informal
dislike
illegal
3. 名词后缀
tion- education invention attention organization
sion- decision occasion discussion
ment- development department employment
ness- kindness sadness darkness happiness
ance- importance appearance
ence- confidence violence
an- American Italian
er- worker driver teacher player
ing- reading writing learning
4. 形容词后缀
al- national personal
able/ible- changeable countable possible
ed-/ing- developed/developing excited/exciting
full- useful beautiful successful harmful
ive- creative active
less- homeless useless
ous- dangerous
y- cloudy windy
cal- historical vocal
5. 动词后缀
en- deepen
ize- modernize
副词后缀
ly- actively
练一练 给提示词加上适当的后缀，并用其正确形式填空。
To live with a heart full of (kind), I was able to tell him I was proud.
All he needs is a stick, a garden rake（耙子）and most importantly, his lively (imagine)!
A good (educate) gives your child a head start in life.
Workers in the factory are encouraged to use the library for professional (develop).
kindness
imagination
education
development
2
转换法
写出下列句子中画线词的词性及汉语意思。
I’d like to book movie tickets for tomorrow afternoon.
They will never back down, but stand bravely on this land.
Let me have a try.
He lowed his voice.
This book is a must for students.
总结：在现代英语中，英语单词的词性非常活跃，名词用作动词，动词转化为名词，形容词用作动词 等现象非常普遍，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性的方式就叫做词性的转化。由转化法构成的词，在词形上没有变化，在意思上与原单词有相关性。阅读中经常出现转化词，只要抓住单词的原始意思，结合句子成分，就容易弄清它们的引申义。
练一练写出下列句子中画线词的词性及汉语意思。
Please write or telephone for details.
We were bussed from the airport to our hotel.
Maybe we need to book a taxi or just go by bus.
The smells from the kitchen made our mouths water.
Who is chairing the meeting
3
合成法
用方框中上下两行的词构成合成词，并填空。
1. 地铁
2. 手机
3. 世界闻名的
4. 乡村 5. 键盘
用上下两行的词构成合成词，并填空。
country under key mobile
phone side board ground
1. 地铁 2. 手机
乡村 4. 键盘
underground
Mobile-phone
countryside
keyboard
总结：英语单词由两个或多个独体词组合而成的复合词，也叫合成词。对于这种单词，学习起来很简 单，只需要了解组成它的各个独体词的含义，然后基本上就能推导出整体含义。
写出下列句子中画线合成词的词性及汉语意思。
Greenhouse gases make the earth become warm.
Mr Wang is a hard-working teacher.
Janet stayed overnight at my house.
猜一猜：
weekend handwriting three-year-old
ordinary-looking sleep-walk warm-hearted
周 末
书 写
三 岁
相貌普通的
梦 游
热心肠的
构词法
目录
CONTENT
01
词缀法
02
转换法
03
合成法
1
词缀法
写出下列句子中画线词的词性及汉语意思。
1. Martha is my friend. She is friendly to others.
2. Even in a fair society life seems so unfair sometimes.
3. Tom is good at law and he wants to become a lawyer in the future.
4. He decided to make a trip, but his family didn’t agree his decision.
5. Better to understand a little than to misunderstand a lot.
总结：
英语单词构词法的核心部分在于词根，词根决定单词的意思。词根可以单独构成词，也可以 通过加前缀（改变单词词义）或后缀（决定单词词性）来构成新词。
1. 否定前缀
dis- dislike disagree disadvantage disappear
il- illegal illogical illiterate
im- impossible imbalance immobile impolite
in- inhuman incorrect inaccurate
ir- irregular irresponsible
un- unhappy unhealthy
non- non-smoking non-existence
mis- mislead misunderstand misjudge
2.其他前缀
inter “互相，在…之间” international internet interview
mini “小” minibus miniskirt
pre “在…之前” preview pre-reading pre-school
re “重复” retell rewrite return review
sub “在…下面” subway
super “超” supermarket superman superstar
tele “远” telephone啊 telescope
练一练 在黑体词前加表示否定意义的前缀，并用其正确形式填空。
Do you prefer the smoking area or the area, sir
In order to keep healthy, he decided to change the lifestyle.
“Reduce” is formal, while “cut down” is .
I don’t him, but I don’t really like him much either.
In some states the legal age for drinking is 18, so it’s to sell alcohol to teenagers under 18.
non-smoking
unhealthy
informal
dislike
illegal
3. 名词后缀
tion- education invention attention organization
sion- decision occasion discussion
ment- development department employment
ness- kindness sadness darkness happiness
ance- importance appearance
ence- confidence violence
an- American Italian
er- worker driver teacher player
ing- reading writing learning
4. 形容词后缀
al- national personal
able/ible- changeable countable possible
ed-/ing- developed/developing excited/exciting
full- useful beautiful successful harmful
ive- creative active
less- homeless useless
ous- dangerous
y- cloudy windy
cal- historical vocal
5. 动词后缀
en- deepen
ize- modernize
副词后缀
ly- actively
练一练 给提示词加上适当的后缀，并用其正确形式填空。
To live with a heart full of (kind), I was able to tell him I was proud.
All he needs is a stick, a garden rake（耙子）and most importantly, his lively (imagine)!
A good (educate) gives your child a head start in life.
Workers in the factory are encouraged to use the library for professional (develop).
kindness
imagination
education
development
2
转换法
写出下列句子中画线词的词性及汉语意思。
I’d like to book movie tickets for tomorrow afternoon.
They will never back down, but stand bravely on this land.
Let me have a try.
He lowed his voice.
This book is a must for students.
总结：在现代英语中，英语单词的词性非常活跃，名词用作动词，动词转化为名词，形容词用作动词 等现象非常普遍，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性的方式就叫做词性的转化。由转化法构成的词，在词形上没有变化，在意思上与原单词有相关性。阅读中经常出现转化词，只要抓住单词的原始意思，结合句子成分，就容易弄清它们的引申义。
练一练写出下列句子中画线词的词性及汉语意思。
Please write or telephone for details.
We were bussed from the airport to our hotel.
Maybe we need to book a taxi or just go by bus.
The smells from the kitchen made our mouths water.
Who is chairing the meeting
3
合成法
用方框中上下两行的词构成合成词，并填空。
1. 地铁
2. 手机
3. 世界闻名的
4. 乡村 5. 键盘
用上下两行的词构成合成词，并填空。
country under key mobile
phone side board ground
1. 地铁 2. 手机
乡村 4. 键盘
underground
Mobile-phone
countryside
keyboard
总结：英语单词由两个或多个独体词组合而成的复合词，也叫合成词。对于这种单词，学习起来很简 单，只需要了解组成它的各个独体词的含义，然后基本上就能推导出整体含义。
写出下列句子中画线合成词的词性及汉语意思。
Greenhouse gases make the earth become warm.
Mr Wang is a hard-working teacher.
Janet stayed overnight at my house.
猜一猜：
weekend handwriting three-year-old
ordinary-looking sleep-walk warm-hearted
周 末
书 写
三 岁
相貌普通的
梦 游
热心肠的