外研版初中英语九年级上册Module 12 Unit 1 If everyone starts to do something, the world will be saved.同步练习

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外研版初中英语九年级上册Module 12 Unit 1 If everyone starts to do something, the world will be saved.同步练习
一、单选题
1．—It's a fine day today. Shall we go swimming
—___________ But we need to be home before six o'clock.
A．Have a nice time! B．Not at all.
C．You are right. D．Good idea.
2．Animals ___________ rabbits and deer continue to be active all winter, finding food wherever they can.
A．for example B．such as C．as example D．like as
3．Mr Green is never willing to change any of his opinions, It is no use ___________ with him.
A．to argue B．arguing C．argued D．argue
4．—It's ___________ to throw away glass, paper and metal.
—I agree with you.
A．help B．waste C．wasteful D．hopeful
5．Waiting for her made me ___________.
A．angrily B．be angry C．angry D．be angrily
6．—What ___________ the accident
—It's said that the driver drank too much.
A．happened B．took place C．caused D．collected
7．Your brother is very lazy. It's no use ___________ with him.
A．to argue B．argue C．arguing D．argued
8．The cities in China ___________ Beijing and Shanghai are developing very quickly.
A．for example B．such as C．as example D．like as
9．It's no use ___________ about it again and again.
A．talk B．to talk C．talked D．talking
10．When you leave, please turn off the lights _______ energy.
A．save B．saved C．saving D．to save
11．The Great Wall was built in Qin Dynasty to __________________ the enemies _______________ getting in.
A．stop; out B．stop: from C．prevent; to D．prevent; out
12．一 What the accident
一 It's said that the driver drunk too much.
A．happened B．took place C．caused D．collected
13．It's no use ___________________ about it.
A．talk B．to talk C．talking D．talked
14．If we want to be thinner and healthier, we should eat _______________ food and take ___________________ exercise.
A． Less; more B．mores; less
C．more; fewer D．fewer; more
15．一How about going hiking with me on Sunday
一 ___________________!
A．Nice idea B．What a pity
C．Congratulations D．Have a good time
16．— Many people eat ________________ meat than they did before.
— Yes, that's why they're getting fatter and fatter.
A．more B．less C．fewer D．much
17．Pollution is everywhere. I'm ________________ our future.
A．pleased with B．interested in C．excited about D．worried about
18．— Mum, doing the homework all the time makes me dull. What about going on a picnic
— ________________
A．Help yourself. B．That's a good idea.
C．You're welcome. D．What a pity!
19．I want to borrow a book ________________ the environment.
A．in B．at C．from D．on
20．— What did your sister say to you last night
— She asked me _______ my father her secret.
A．to tell not B．not to tell C．don't tell D．not tell
二、语法填空
21．The
girl's mother was 　 　 (worry) about
her because she didn't get home on time.
22．People
today seem to have 　 　 (little) time
for each other.
23．It is a shame to be so 　 　 (waste).
24．Books
can be 　 　 (recycle), so we
shouldn't throw them away.
三、完形填空
25．根据短文理解, 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择正确答案填空。
There are many kinds of pollution around us, （1） air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution and light pollution. They are bad （2） our health in many ways.
Burning gas, oil and coal creates air pollution. It can cause sore eyes and （3） problems.
With the increase of pollution and the development of industry, litter is everywhere. It makes our environment dirty. People put lots of rubbish in the land. Farmers use too many （4） in the fields. They destroy the soil. So soil pollution has become serious.
Noise pollution can make people （5） . For example, people may lose their hearing if they work in a （6） place for a long time. Too much noise can cause high blood pressure （7） .
Working for a long time in strong, changeable light （8） cause some kinds of illnesses. It makes people feel （9） and is especially bad for the eyes.
With （10） pollution, our planet will become greener and our health will be better. Let's be greener people.
（1）A．such as B．for example
C．such like D．as well as
（2）A．to B．in
C．for D．at
（3）A．breaths B．breathe
C．breathed D．breathing
（4）A．chemical B．chemicals
C．chemistry D．chemistries
（5）A．blind B．lame
C．black D．deaf
（6）A．noise B．noisy
C．noisily D．noises
（7）A．as well B．too
C．either D．also
（8）A．must B．should C．may D．need
（9）A．terrible B．comfortable
C．terribly D．comfortably
（10）A．little B．a little
C．less D．fewer
四、阅读理解
26．阅读理解
In today's
world, almost everyone knows that air pollution and water pollution are harmful
to people. However, not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution
and it is harmful to human beings too.
People who
work and live under noisy conditions easily become deaf. Scientists believe
that 10 percent of the workers in Britain are being deafened (变聋) by the noise where they work. Many of the workers who print
newspapers and books, and who weave (织) cloth become
deaf. Quite a few people living near airports also become deaf, Recently it was
discovered that many teenagers in America could hear mo better than 65 year old
people. for these young people like to listen to pop music and most of the pop
music is a kind of noise.
Nowadays
the governments in many countries have made laws to reduce or control noise and
to make it less than 85 decibels (分贝). In China, the government is
trying to solve not only air and water pollution problems but also the noise
pollution problem.
（1）The passage mainly tells us something about _______________________.
A．air pollution B．water pollution
C．noise pollution D．soil pollution
（2）Today scientists believe that ________________________.
A．90 percent of all the workers are free from any noise
B．90 percent of all the workers in Britain are not suffering from noise
C．10 percent of all the workers in Britain are working in noisy places
D．10 percent of all the workers in Britain are being deafened by the noise where they work
（3）People who _____________________ become deaf easily.
A．print newspapers or books B．listen to pop music
C．live near airports D．A, B and C
（4）Recently many teenagers could hear no better than 65 一 year 一old people in America because _____________________.
A．they all live near airports
B．their hearing is harmed by loud music
C．they are younger than the old people
D．their ears are still small
27．阅读理解
A new
rubbish sorting system(垃圾分类系统) has been put into use
in Fangchengyuan Community in Beijing. Local people not only sort their rubbish,
but also put QR codes (二维码) on it.
"When the rubbish is collected and the codes are seen, I will get
reward points to exchange for small gifts and even some money," one of the
local people told reporters. "It's really creative and encouraging."
This
smart system has been carried out in 350 communities in Beijing. The capital of
China has joined a list of cities in the country that take action to support
rubbish sorting. For example, Shenzhen and Shanghai have made laws to punish
people and organizations for not sorting rubbish correctly.
China
produces quite a lot of rubbish every year. Much of the rubbish is buried(填埋) in soil or burned without being sorted. Landfills (填埋场) take up a lot of land and have a risk of polluting the soil and
water nearby. And burning rubbish can produce harmful gases. Through rubbish sorting,
we can reduce the use of landfills and air pollution.
What's
more, rubbish sorting saves resources, which could bring economic benefits(经济利益). For example, a ton of waste paper can be reused to make about 850
kg of paper, saving 17 trees and 50 percent of water. Because of their benefits,
some countries have developed successful sorting systems.
Japan
has a strict and detailed system. When people throw away a water bottle, the
cap, the wrapper(包装纸) and the bottle itself
have to go into three different bins. Every year, families receive special
rubbish sorting timetables and directions from their local governments. They
are advised to follow the timetables and directions when they throw away
rubbish.
In
Australia, every family is provided with three rubbish bins- the red lid(盖子) bin for general waste "like food and plastic bags, the yellow
lid bin for "recycling" like steel and glass, and the green lid bin
for "green waste" such as grass and leaves. On the streets, the bins
are printed with pictures of the things that are allowed inside. It makes
recycling quite easy.
（1）What will local people probably get if they put daily rubbish into the new system in Fangchengyuan Community
A．A computer. B．A car.
C．A lot of money. D．Some small gifts.
（2）Which of the following is NOT the consequence(后果) of burying rubbish
A．Polluting soil. B．Polluting water.
C．Taking up a lot of land. D．Saving resources.
（3）Which paragraph discusses the economic benefits of rubbish sorting
A．Paragraph3. B．Paragraph 4. C．Paragraph5. D．Paragraph 6.
（4）In Australia, which bin should you put food left after dinner in
A．The red lid bin. B．The yellow lid bin.
C．The green lid bin. D．The black lid bin.
（5）Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A．In Australia, the green lid bin is used for all kinds of recyclable (可循环再用的) wastes.
B．In Japan, all kinds of things for recycling are printed on rubbish bins.
C．Japanese people cannot throw a bottle into a bin unless they move away the wrapper first.
D．Australian people have to obey local timetables and directions to throw away rubbish strictly.
28．根据短文理解, 完成下了各题。
Each year there is an increasing number of cars on the roads and streets as millions of new cars and trucks are produced. One out of every six Americans works at putting together the parts of the cars, driving trucks, building roads, or filling car with gas. Americans won't live without cars!
Most Americans would find it hard to think what life could look like without a car. However, some have realized the serious problem of the air pollution caused by the car. The polluted air becomes poisonous and dangerous to health.
One way to get rid of the polluted car is to design a car that does not pollute. That's what several of the large car factories have been trying to do. But to build a clean car is easier said than done. Progress in this field has been slow.
Another way is to take the place of car engine （发动机）by something else. Inventors are now working on steam cars as well as electric cars. Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model that pleases man.
To prevent the world from being polluted by car, we'll have to make some changes. Americans, for example, have to cut down on the number of their total cars. They are encouraged to travel and to go to work by bicycle. Bicycling is thought to help keep the air clean.
But this change doesn't come easily—a large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down. Thus the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of unemployment.
Although cars have led us to a better life, they have also brought us new problems.
（1）Some large car factories in the US are trying to build a new kind of car which _______.
A．is clean in itself B．is used to clean streets
C．is easier to make D．does not pollute the air
（2）If the number of cars cuts down, the most serious problem to American workers is to _______.
A．have no work to do B．improve their environment
C．go to work by bike D．make their factories richer
（3）The writer wants to tell us that_______.
A．riding a bike is the only way out
B．the number of cars must be cut down
C．people wouldn't live without cars
D．cars bring us not only a better life but also serious problems
（4）Which fact does the passage provide
A．About one sixth of American workers are working in car factories.
B．The best way to get rid of air pollution is to change the car engine by something else.
C．It isn't easy to change the way of life in the US.
D．In the US bikes will surely take the place of cars in the future.
（5）Which is the best title（标题）for the passage
A．A New Way to Get Rid of Polluted Air
B．Cars and Polluted Air
C．Many Serious Problems in the US
D．Changes in Car Production
五、任务型阅读
29．根据短文内容，完成下列任务。
It is said that about half of
the people in China smoke. Many young boys and girls have the habit of smoking,
though they are middle school students.
More and more people have come
to realize how serious this problem is. But they are never bored with it.（A）Some people think it is a kind of fashion. Some think it is of great
fun and others think that smoking can refresh themselves.
Smoking causes many illnesses. A
lot of people always cough（B）___________
smoking. The most serious illness caused by smoking is lung cancer. At the same
time smoking is a waste of money. Besides, careless smokers may cause dangerous
fires.
（C）众所周知，吸烟有害人体健康。In order to keep healthy, we should get rid of the bad habit of
smoking. Please stop smoking at once.
（1）将文中（A）处画线部分译成汉语：
（2）在文中（B）处的空白处填入适当的短语使句意完整、上下文通顺：
（3）将文中（C）处画线部分的汉语译成英语：
（4）列出短文中提到的吸烟的至少两点危害：
（5）该篇短文的主题是：
六、选词填空（词汇运用）
30．根据语境从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，有的需要变换形式。
pollute, hopeless, less, enemy, recycle
（1）The doctor advised me to eat　 　meat and more vegetables.
（2）These things can be　 　.Don't burn them.
（3）If the water is　 　we can't get our drinking water from it.
（4）We tried to stop the fire from spreading, but we knew it was　 　.
（5）Peter and Paul were friends in the past, but now they are　 　.
答案解析部分
1．【答案】D
【知识点】情景交际
【解析】【分析】句意：——今天天气很好。我们去游泳好吗 ——好主意。但是我们必须在六点前回家。A:祝你玩得愉快!B:不客气。C:你说得对。D:好主意。根据 Shall we go swimming 可知是回答上文提的游泳的建议，Good idea符合题意，故答案为D。
【点评】考查情景交际。注意识记常用的日常用语。
2．【答案】B
【知识点】短语辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：像兔子和鹿这样的动物整个冬天都很活跃，到处寻找食物。 for example例如，一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开；such as例如，常列举同类人或物中的几个例子；as example作为例子；like as像，犹如；根据句意和空后面的两个动物rabbits和deer可知用such as，故答案为B。
【点评】考查短语辨析。注意识记such as的用法。
3．【答案】B
【知识点】动名词；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：格林先生从不愿意改变他的任何观点，与他争论是没有用的。根据句意和固定搭配it's no use doing sth，做某事是无用的；可知用动名词，故答案为B。
【点评】考查动名词。注意识记固定搭配中动名词的用法。
4．【答案】C
【知识点】形容词原级
【解析】【分析】句意：——扔掉玻璃、纸张和金属是浪费。——我同意。help帮助；waste浪费；wasteful，浪费的；hopeful有希望的；根据it's+形容词+to do sth和句意可知wasteful符合题意，故答案为C。
【点评】考查形容词。注意识记形容词wasteful的用法。
5．【答案】C
【知识点】形容词原级；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：等她让我生气。angrily副词，生气地；be angry生气，be+形容词；angry，生气的，形容词；be angrily，错误结构；根据make +宾语+形容词，使……怎么样，可知用形容词，故答案为C。
【点评】考查形容词。注意识记make+宾语+形容词（宾补）的用法。
6．【答案】C
【知识点】动词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——事故发生的原因是什么 ——据说那个司机喝得太多了。happened发生；took place发生；caused引起；collected收集；根据句意可知是问什么引起的事故，故答案为C。
【点评】考查动词辨析。注意识记动词cause的用法。
7．【答案】C
【知识点】动名词；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：你弟弟很懒。和他争论没有用。根据句意和固定搭配it's no use doing，做某事是无用的，可知用动名词，故答案为C。
【点评】考查动名词。注意识记固定搭配。
8．【答案】B
【知识点】短语辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：像北京、上海这样的中国城市正发展地非常迅速。for example例如，一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开；such as例如，常列举同类人或物中的几个例子；as example作为例子；like as像，犹如；根据句意和空后面的两个城市可知用such as，故答案为B。
【点评】考查短语辨析。注意识记such as的用法。
9．【答案】D
【知识点】动名词；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：反复谈论这件事是没有用的。根据it's no use doing sth，做某事是无用的，固定搭配，可知用动名词，故答案为D。
【点评】考查动名词。注意识记固定搭配中动名词的用法。
10．【答案】D
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：当你离开的时候，请关灯以节约能源。根据句意可知这里是表示目的，做目的状语，用动词不定式，故答案为D。
【点评】考查动词不定式。注意识记动词不定式做目的状语的用法。
11．【答案】B
【知识点】固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：清朝建立的长城是为了阻止敌人入侵。由the enemies和getting in，可知这里要说的是“阻止敌人入侵”，用stop…from或者prevent…from，固定搭配，故选B。
【点评】考查固定搭配，注意识记stop…from的词义和用法。
12．【答案】C
【知识点】动词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——什么引起了事故？——据说司机喝了太多酒。A、发生；B、发生；C、引起；D、收集。由答语It's said that the driver drunk too much.可知问句是要问“什么引起了事故”，故选C。
【点评】考查动词辨析，注意理解选项词义，理解句意。
13．【答案】C
【知识点】固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：谈论它是没有用的。It's no use doing sth，做某事是没有的，固定搭配，因此这里要用动词ing形式，故选C。
【点评】考查固定搭配，注意识记It's no use doing sth的词义和用法。
14．【答案】A
【知识点】形容词比较级
【解析】【分析】句意：如果我们想要更瘦更健康，我们应该吃少点食物和作更多运动。由 If we want to be thinner and healthier，可知这里要说的是“少吃多运动”，第一空后的food 是不可数名词，因此用less修饰；第二空，多运动，用take more exercise，故选A。
【点评】考查形容词比较级，注意根据句意确定词义以及识记比较级的形式。
15．【答案】A
【知识点】情景交际
【解析】【分析】句意：——周日和我去远足怎么样？——好主意。A、好主意；B、多么遗憾啊；C、祝贺你；D、玩得开心。由上文How about going hiking with me on Sunday 表示提建议，可知下文应是说“好主意”，故选A。
【点评】考查情景交际，注意根据上文语境选择合适的答语。
16．【答案】A
【知识点】比较级的一般句式
【解析】【分析】句意：——许多人吃的肉比以前多了。——是的，这就是他们越来越胖的原因。A 更多，修饰可数名词或不可数名词；B 更少，修饰不可数名词；C 更少，修饰可数名词；D 多，修饰不可数名词。根据下句that's why they're getting fatter and fatter.可知上句表示吃的肉更多，要用比较级，meat是不可数名词，故选A。
【点评】考查形容词的比较级的基本用法。注意more的原级是much或many。
17．【答案】D
【知识点】短语辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：污染无处不在。我担心我们的未来。A 对……满意；B 对……感兴趣；C 对……激动；D 对……担心。根据题干中的Pollution is everywhere.可知此句表示对未来担心，故选D。
【点评】考查短语辨析。注意Pollution is everywhere.是此题的关键信息。
18．【答案】B
【知识点】情景交际
【解析】【分析】句意：——妈妈，一直做作业让我很无聊。去野餐怎么样？——好主意。A 随便吃；B 好主意；C 太客气；D 很遗憾。根据语句What about going on a picnic 可知这是个建议，故选B。
【点评】考查情景交际。注意各个选项所用于的语境。
19．【答案】D
【知识点】介词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：我想借一本关于环境的书。A 在里面；B 在某个时刻；C 来自；D 关于。根据a book …the environment可知此句表示关于环境的书，故选D。
【点评】考点介词辨析。注意熟记介词on的基本用法。
20．【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：——昨晚你姐姐跟你说了什么？——她叫我不要把她的秘密告诉我父亲。ask sb.（not）to do sth.意为“让某人（不要）做某事”。根据句意可知选B。
【点评】考查动词不定式的否定式。
21．【答案】worried
【知识点】词性转化
【解析】【分析】句意：女孩的母亲为她担心，因为她没有按时回家。worry动词，担心，根据was可知这里用形容词，be worried about 担心，故答案为worried。
【点评】考查词性转化，注意识记动词变为形容词的变化规则。
22．【答案】less
【知识点】形容词比较级
【解析】【分析】句意：如今人们似乎很少有时间与他人相处。little少的，根据句意可知是暗含比较级，应该用比较级，更少的，little的比较级为less，故答案为less。
【点评】考查比较级。注意识记little的比较级的用法。
23．【答案】wasteful
【知识点】形容词原级
【解析】【分析】句意：这么浪费真可惜。waste浪费，可做动词，也可做名词。这里是在不定式短语中做be的表语，如此浪费的，用形容词，waste形容词为wasteful，故答案为wasteful。
【点评】考查形容词原级。注意识记形容词wasteful的用法。
24．【答案】recycled
【知识点】过去式和过去分词；含有情态动词的被动语态
【解析】【分析】句意：书可以回收，所以我们不应该扔掉它们。recycle再利用，动词，根据句意和句子结构可知是含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词，故答案为recycled。
【点评】考查过去分词。注意识记被动语态的结构和用法。
25．【答案】（1）A；（2）C；（3）D；（4）B；（5）C；（6）B；（7）A；（8）D；（9）C；（10）B
【解析】【分析】本篇短文通过讲述污染的情况，来倡导人们争做“greener people”。
（1）A 根据后面的并列成分“air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution and light pollution”可推断在举例，故选A。
（2）C 固定短语。be bad for ... 是固定短语，故选C。
（3）D 词形辨析。breath 名词，意思是“呼吸”；breathe 动词，意思是“呼吸”；breathed 是动词breathed的过去式或过去分词；breathing是breathe动词的现在分词或者动名词。由名词problems可推断应用动名词来修 饰它，故选D。
（4）B chemical形容词“化学的”，或作名词“化学制品;化学药品”；chemist名词，“化学家”；chemistry 名词，“化学”。由many+可数名词复数可推断应选B项。
（5）C 根据句子“people may lose their hearing if...”可以推断应该是“噪音问题可能使人们聋了。”故选C。
（6）B 根据前后句意可推断应该是“一个噪音的地方”；noise名词，意思是“噪音”，noisy形容词“噪音的”，故选B。
（7） A 四个选项的意思都是“也”。as well只能放在句末；too放在肯定句句末且前面要有逗号隔开；also放在句中或句末；either放在否定句句末且前面有逗号隔开。故选A。
（8）D 情态动词的用法。must意为“必须”（主观意志）；need意为“需要”；should意为“应该”（某件事宜于做）；may意为“可能，可以”；根据句意可推断出D项。
（9）C 由系动词feel可知后跟形容词，构成系表结果；再根据句子“is especially bad for the eyes.”可推断应选C项。
（10）B 根据句子“our planet will become greener and our health will be better. ”可知“更少的污染”；由pollution是不可数名词可推断选B项。
【点评】完形填空考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，做完形填空首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
26．【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）D
（4）B
【知识点】科普环保类；医疗保健类
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，说明了在今天的世界上，几乎每个人都知道空气污染和是污染对人们身体有害，然而，并不是所有人都知道噪声污染也对身体有害，声音超过85分贝，可以导致耳聋，所以在每个国家制定法律减少或控制噪音使它小于85分贝。
（1）主旨大意题。由原文第一段However, not all know that noise is also a kind of pollution, and that is harmful to human, too可知这篇文章主要告诉我们的是噪音污染，故选C。
（2）细节题。由原文第二段however, scientists believe that 10% of workers in Britain are deafened by the noise where they work.可知英国10%的工人都被他们工作地的噪音变得耳聋了，故选D。
（3）细节题。由原文第二段Many of the workers who print newspapers and books, and who weave (织) cloth become deaf. Quite a few people living near airports also become deaf, for these young people like to listen to pop music and most of the pop music is a kind of noise. ，可知印报纸、书本，住机场附近，听音乐都会容易变聋，故选D。
（4）细节题，由原文第二段Recently it was discovered that many teenagers in America could hear mo better than 65 year old people. for these young people like to listen to pop music and most of the pop music is a kind of noise.可知许多青少年听力不然65岁的老人是因为他们喜欢听音乐，他们的听力被大声的音乐损害了，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及主旨题和细节题这两种常考题型，主旨题需要通读全文，尤其是注意文章开头，确定文章的主旨大意，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案。
27．【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
（5）C
【知识点】科普环保类；议论文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍了北京，日本，以及澳大利亚等实施垃圾分类的方式及意义。
（1）细节理解题。通过第二段中I will get reward points to exchange for small gifts and even some money..…可知当地小区的居民可以得到一些小礼物。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。短文中句子Landfills（填埋场）take up a lot of land and have a risk of polluting the soil and water nearby.可知，填埋垃圾占用大量土地，污染土壤和水是填埋垃圾造成的直接后果。故选D。
（3）段意理解题。段首句子What's more，rubbish sorting saves resources，which could bring economic benefits（经济利益）.提示第五段说明的是垃圾分类产生的经济利益。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。短文中句子.…the red lid（盖子）bin for"general waste"like food and plastic bags...提示剩饭放在红色盖子的垃圾桶里。故选A。
（5）综合理解题。核对各项信息与短文的描述可知，C项与短文句子Japan has a strict and detailed system.When people throw away a water bottle，the cap，the wrapper（包装纸）and the bottle itself have to go into three different bins.（日本人扔一个水瓶子时，要把瓶盖、包装纸和瓶子分别放到三个垃圾箱里）叙述相符。故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解题。阅读短文时，可以先通读全文，了解文章大意，并对于其中的词汇根据句意进行猜测；然后，带着问题，在文中找答案，应该注意同义句型的不同表述方式。
28．【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
（5）B
【解析】【分析】在美国，汽车是人们生活中的重要一部分，美国人已经到了没有汽车不能生活的地步。但是汽车带来的空气污染也越来越严重。如果解决这个问题是本文讨论的主要内容。
（1）细节理解。由第三段中的第一二句话One way to get rid of the polluted car is to design a car that does not pollute. That's what several of the large car factories have been trying to do.可知消除空气污染的一个方法就是设计不污染的汽车，因此选D项。
（2）细节理解。由倒数第二段第一句话a large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down可知汽车工厂关闭了那么大量的工人会发现自己没工作了。故选A项。
（3）写作意图。文章最后一句话点题，汽车不仅给人们带来了便利，同时也带来一些严重的污染。故选D。
（4）细节理解。A.六分之一的美国工人在汽车工厂工作，根据第一段One out of every six Americans works at putting together the parts of the cars, driving trucks, building roads, or filling car with gas.可知错误。B.消除空气污染的最好办法是用别的东西更换汽车发动机。根据第四段可知是一种方法而不是最好方法。D.自行车会代替汽车，根据第五段可知表达错误。C.美国人的生活不容易改变。根据全文内容可知如果减少汽车会带来就业生活等一系列问题，所以正确答案是C项。
（5）主旨大意。全文主要讲述了汽车及其带来的环境污染等问题，故正确答案应为B项。
【点评】阅读理解考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。
29．【答案】（1）有人认为抽烟是一种时尚，有人认为抽烟非常好玩，还有人认为抽烟可以使自己恢复精神。
（2）because of
（3）It is well known that smoking is harmful to people's health. /We all know that smoking is harmful to people's health.
（4）Smoking causes many illnesses. Smoking is a waste of money. Smoking causes dangerous fires.（写出两条即可）
（5）Smoking is harmful（to one's health）. / In order to keep healthy, we should get rid of the bad habit of smoking./In order to keep healthy, please stop smoking at once.
【知识点】任务型阅读；社会现象类；议论文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：据说中国有一半的人吸烟。吸烟有害健康。为了保持健康，我们应该改掉吸烟的坏习惯。
（1）Some people一些人； think认为； a kind of一种； fashion时尚； great fun很好玩； others别的；refresh恢复； themselves他们自己；故答案为有人认为抽烟是一种时尚，有人认为抽烟非常好玩，还有人认为抽烟可以使自己恢复精神。
（2）根据 Smoking causes many illnesses. 可知吸烟会导致多种疾病。根据句意可知这里是表示咳嗽的原因是抽烟，because of因为，后跟名词，代词或动名词，because因为，后跟从句，后面是smoking，动名词，故答案为because of。
（3） 众所周知，It is well known that /We all know that ；对……有害，be harmful to；健康health ，故答案为It is well known that smoking is harmful to people's health. /We all know that smoking is harmful to people's health.
（4）根据Smoking causes many illnesses. smoking is a waste of money. Besides, careless smokers may cause dangerous fires.可知吸烟会导致多种疾病。吸烟很浪费钱。粗心的烟民还可能引起火灾。故答案为Smoking causes many illnesses. Smoking is a waste of money. Smoking causes dangerous fires. （写出两条即可）
（5）根据短文内容可知吸烟有害健康。为了保持健康，我们应该改掉吸烟的坏习惯。故答案为 Smoking is harmful（to one's health）. / In order to keep healthy, we should get rid of the bad habit of smoking./In order to keep healthy, please stop smoking at once.
【点评】考查任务型阅读。关键要读懂全文，然后根据题目要求作答。注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案，在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义句，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。
30．【答案】（1）less
（2）recycled
（3）polluted
（4）hopeless
（5）enemies
【知识点】选词填空
【解析】【分析】备选项中文：pollute 污染；hopeless 绝望的；less 更少的；enemy 敌人；recycle 重复利用。
（1）句意：医生建议我多吃蔬菜少吃肉。结合句意，连词and表并列，此空用来修饰名词meat，所以填形容词，less更少的，故答案为less。
（2）句意：这些东西可以被重复利用，不要烧毁它们。结合句意，用被动语态be recycled表示东西被重复利用，故答案为recycled。
（3）句意：我们不能喝受污染的水。结合句意，be+形容词表示系表结构，polluted受污染的，故答案为polluted。
（4）句意：虽然我们尽力阻止火势蔓延，但我们都知道这是徒劳。结合句意，be+形容词表示系表结构，hopeless无望的，故答案为hopeless。
（5）句意：Peter和Paul曾经是好朋友，但是现在他们是敌人。结合句意，连词but表转折，朋友的反义词是敌人，故答案为enemies。
【点评】本题考查单词在语境中的运用，需要根据单词在语境中的词性进行必要变形，同时熟记固定搭配和基本句型。
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外研版初中英语九年级上册Module 12 Unit 1 If everyone starts to do something, the world will be saved.同步练习
一、单选题
1．—It's a fine day today. Shall we go swimming
—___________ But we need to be home before six o'clock.
A．Have a nice time! B．Not at all.
C．You are right. D．Good idea.
【答案】D
【知识点】情景交际
【解析】【分析】句意：——今天天气很好。我们去游泳好吗 ——好主意。但是我们必须在六点前回家。A:祝你玩得愉快!B:不客气。C:你说得对。D:好主意。根据 Shall we go swimming 可知是回答上文提的游泳的建议，Good idea符合题意，故答案为D。
【点评】考查情景交际。注意识记常用的日常用语。
2．Animals ___________ rabbits and deer continue to be active all winter, finding food wherever they can.
A．for example B．such as C．as example D．like as
【答案】B
【知识点】短语辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：像兔子和鹿这样的动物整个冬天都很活跃，到处寻找食物。 for example例如，一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开；such as例如，常列举同类人或物中的几个例子；as example作为例子；like as像，犹如；根据句意和空后面的两个动物rabbits和deer可知用such as，故答案为B。
【点评】考查短语辨析。注意识记such as的用法。
3．Mr Green is never willing to change any of his opinions, It is no use ___________ with him.
A．to argue B．arguing C．argued D．argue
【答案】B
【知识点】动名词；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：格林先生从不愿意改变他的任何观点，与他争论是没有用的。根据句意和固定搭配it's no use doing sth，做某事是无用的；可知用动名词，故答案为B。
【点评】考查动名词。注意识记固定搭配中动名词的用法。
4．—It's ___________ to throw away glass, paper and metal.
—I agree with you.
A．help B．waste C．wasteful D．hopeful
【答案】C
【知识点】形容词原级
【解析】【分析】句意：——扔掉玻璃、纸张和金属是浪费。——我同意。help帮助；waste浪费；wasteful，浪费的；hopeful有希望的；根据it's+形容词+to do sth和句意可知wasteful符合题意，故答案为C。
【点评】考查形容词。注意识记形容词wasteful的用法。
5．Waiting for her made me ___________.
A．angrily B．be angry C．angry D．be angrily
【答案】C
【知识点】形容词原级；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：等她让我生气。angrily副词，生气地；be angry生气，be+形容词；angry，生气的，形容词；be angrily，错误结构；根据make +宾语+形容词，使……怎么样，可知用形容词，故答案为C。
【点评】考查形容词。注意识记make+宾语+形容词（宾补）的用法。
6．—What ___________ the accident
—It's said that the driver drank too much.
A．happened B．took place C．caused D．collected
【答案】C
【知识点】动词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——事故发生的原因是什么 ——据说那个司机喝得太多了。happened发生；took place发生；caused引起；collected收集；根据句意可知是问什么引起的事故，故答案为C。
【点评】考查动词辨析。注意识记动词cause的用法。
7．Your brother is very lazy. It's no use ___________ with him.
A．to argue B．argue C．arguing D．argued
【答案】C
【知识点】动名词；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：你弟弟很懒。和他争论没有用。根据句意和固定搭配it's no use doing，做某事是无用的，可知用动名词，故答案为C。
【点评】考查动名词。注意识记固定搭配。
8．The cities in China ___________ Beijing and Shanghai are developing very quickly.
A．for example B．such as C．as example D．like as
【答案】B
【知识点】短语辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：像北京、上海这样的中国城市正发展地非常迅速。for example例如，一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开；such as例如，常列举同类人或物中的几个例子；as example作为例子；like as像，犹如；根据句意和空后面的两个城市可知用such as，故答案为B。
【点评】考查短语辨析。注意识记such as的用法。
9．It's no use ___________ about it again and again.
A．talk B．to talk C．talked D．talking
【答案】D
【知识点】动名词；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：反复谈论这件事是没有用的。根据it's no use doing sth，做某事是无用的，固定搭配，可知用动名词，故答案为D。
【点评】考查动名词。注意识记固定搭配中动名词的用法。
10．When you leave, please turn off the lights _______ energy.
A．save B．saved C．saving D．to save
【答案】D
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：当你离开的时候，请关灯以节约能源。根据句意可知这里是表示目的，做目的状语，用动词不定式，故答案为D。
【点评】考查动词不定式。注意识记动词不定式做目的状语的用法。
11．The Great Wall was built in Qin Dynasty to __________________ the enemies _______________ getting in.
A．stop; out B．stop: from C．prevent; to D．prevent; out
【答案】B
【知识点】固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：清朝建立的长城是为了阻止敌人入侵。由the enemies和getting in，可知这里要说的是“阻止敌人入侵”，用stop…from或者prevent…from，固定搭配，故选B。
【点评】考查固定搭配，注意识记stop…from的词义和用法。
12．一 What the accident
一 It's said that the driver drunk too much.
A．happened B．took place C．caused D．collected
【答案】C
【知识点】动词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——什么引起了事故？——据说司机喝了太多酒。A、发生；B、发生；C、引起；D、收集。由答语It's said that the driver drunk too much.可知问句是要问“什么引起了事故”，故选C。
【点评】考查动词辨析，注意理解选项词义，理解句意。
13．It's no use ___________________ about it.
A．talk B．to talk C．talking D．talked
【答案】C
【知识点】固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：谈论它是没有用的。It's no use doing sth，做某事是没有的，固定搭配，因此这里要用动词ing形式，故选C。
【点评】考查固定搭配，注意识记It's no use doing sth的词义和用法。
14．If we want to be thinner and healthier, we should eat _______________ food and take ___________________ exercise.
A． Less; more B．mores; less
C．more; fewer D．fewer; more
【答案】A
【知识点】形容词比较级
【解析】【分析】句意：如果我们想要更瘦更健康，我们应该吃少点食物和作更多运动。由 If we want to be thinner and healthier，可知这里要说的是“少吃多运动”，第一空后的food 是不可数名词，因此用less修饰；第二空，多运动，用take more exercise，故选A。
【点评】考查形容词比较级，注意根据句意确定词义以及识记比较级的形式。
15．一How about going hiking with me on Sunday
一 ___________________!
A．Nice idea B．What a pity
C．Congratulations D．Have a good time
【答案】A
【知识点】情景交际
【解析】【分析】句意：——周日和我去远足怎么样？——好主意。A、好主意；B、多么遗憾啊；C、祝贺你；D、玩得开心。由上文How about going hiking with me on Sunday 表示提建议，可知下文应是说“好主意”，故选A。
【点评】考查情景交际，注意根据上文语境选择合适的答语。
16．— Many people eat ________________ meat than they did before.
— Yes, that's why they're getting fatter and fatter.
A．more B．less C．fewer D．much
【答案】A
【知识点】比较级的一般句式
【解析】【分析】句意：——许多人吃的肉比以前多了。——是的，这就是他们越来越胖的原因。A 更多，修饰可数名词或不可数名词；B 更少，修饰不可数名词；C 更少，修饰可数名词；D 多，修饰不可数名词。根据下句that's why they're getting fatter and fatter.可知上句表示吃的肉更多，要用比较级，meat是不可数名词，故选A。
【点评】考查形容词的比较级的基本用法。注意more的原级是much或many。
17．Pollution is everywhere. I'm ________________ our future.
A．pleased with B．interested in C．excited about D．worried about
【答案】D
【知识点】短语辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：污染无处不在。我担心我们的未来。A 对……满意；B 对……感兴趣；C 对……激动；D 对……担心。根据题干中的Pollution is everywhere.可知此句表示对未来担心，故选D。
【点评】考查短语辨析。注意Pollution is everywhere.是此题的关键信息。
18．— Mum, doing the homework all the time makes me dull. What about going on a picnic
— ________________
A．Help yourself. B．That's a good idea.
C．You're welcome. D．What a pity!
【答案】B
【知识点】情景交际
【解析】【分析】句意：——妈妈，一直做作业让我很无聊。去野餐怎么样？——好主意。A 随便吃；B 好主意；C 太客气；D 很遗憾。根据语句What about going on a picnic 可知这是个建议，故选B。
【点评】考查情景交际。注意各个选项所用于的语境。
19．I want to borrow a book ________________ the environment.
A．in B．at C．from D．on
【答案】D
【知识点】介词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：我想借一本关于环境的书。A 在里面；B 在某个时刻；C 来自；D 关于。根据a book …the environment可知此句表示关于环境的书，故选D。
【点评】考点介词辨析。注意熟记介词on的基本用法。
20．— What did your sister say to you last night
— She asked me _______ my father her secret.
A．to tell not B．not to tell C．don't tell D．not tell
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：——昨晚你姐姐跟你说了什么？——她叫我不要把她的秘密告诉我父亲。ask sb.（not）to do sth.意为“让某人（不要）做某事”。根据句意可知选B。
【点评】考查动词不定式的否定式。
二、语法填空
21．The
girl's mother was 　 　 (worry) about
her because she didn't get home on time.
【答案】worried
【知识点】词性转化
【解析】【分析】句意：女孩的母亲为她担心，因为她没有按时回家。worry动词，担心，根据was可知这里用形容词，be worried about 担心，故答案为worried。
【点评】考查词性转化，注意识记动词变为形容词的变化规则。
22．People
today seem to have 　 　 (little) time
for each other.
【答案】less
【知识点】形容词比较级
【解析】【分析】句意：如今人们似乎很少有时间与他人相处。little少的，根据句意可知是暗含比较级，应该用比较级，更少的，little的比较级为less，故答案为less。
【点评】考查比较级。注意识记little的比较级的用法。
23．It is a shame to be so 　 　 (waste).
【答案】wasteful
【知识点】形容词原级
【解析】【分析】句意：这么浪费真可惜。waste浪费，可做动词，也可做名词。这里是在不定式短语中做be的表语，如此浪费的，用形容词，waste形容词为wasteful，故答案为wasteful。
【点评】考查形容词原级。注意识记形容词wasteful的用法。
24．Books
can be 　 　 (recycle), so we
shouldn't throw them away.
【答案】recycled
【知识点】过去式和过去分词；含有情态动词的被动语态
【解析】【分析】句意：书可以回收，所以我们不应该扔掉它们。recycle再利用，动词，根据句意和句子结构可知是含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词，故答案为recycled。
【点评】考查过去分词。注意识记被动语态的结构和用法。
三、完形填空
25．根据短文理解, 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择正确答案填空。
There are many kinds of pollution around us, （1） air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution and light pollution. They are bad （2） our health in many ways.
Burning gas, oil and coal creates air pollution. It can cause sore eyes and （3） problems.
With the increase of pollution and the development of industry, litter is everywhere. It makes our environment dirty. People put lots of rubbish in the land. Farmers use too many （4） in the fields. They destroy the soil. So soil pollution has become serious.
Noise pollution can make people （5） . For example, people may lose their hearing if they work in a （6） place for a long time. Too much noise can cause high blood pressure （7） .
Working for a long time in strong, changeable light （8） cause some kinds of illnesses. It makes people feel （9） and is especially bad for the eyes.
With （10） pollution, our planet will become greener and our health will be better. Let's be greener people.
（1）A．such as B．for example
C．such like D．as well as
（2）A．to B．in
C．for D．at
（3）A．breaths B．breathe
C．breathed D．breathing
（4）A．chemical B．chemicals
C．chemistry D．chemistries
（5）A．blind B．lame
C．black D．deaf
（6）A．noise B．noisy
C．noisily D．noises
（7）A．as well B．too
C．either D．also
（8）A．must B．should C．may D．need
（9）A．terrible B．comfortable
C．terribly D．comfortably
（10）A．little B．a little
C．less D．fewer
【答案】（1）A；（2）C；（3）D；（4）B；（5）C；（6）B；（7）A；（8）D；（9）C；（10）B
【解析】【分析】本篇短文通过讲述污染的情况，来倡导人们争做“greener people”。
（1）A 根据后面的并列成分“air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution and light pollution”可推断在举例，故选A。
（2）C 固定短语。be bad for ... 是固定短语，故选C。
（3）D 词形辨析。breath 名词，意思是“呼吸”；breathe 动词，意思是“呼吸”；breathed 是动词breathed的过去式或过去分词；breathing是breathe动词的现在分词或者动名词。由名词problems可推断应用动名词来修 饰它，故选D。
（4）B chemical形容词“化学的”，或作名词“化学制品;化学药品”；chemist名词，“化学家”；chemistry 名词，“化学”。由many+可数名词复数可推断应选B项。
（5）C 根据句子“people may lose their hearing if...”可以推断应该是“噪音问题可能使人们聋了。”故选C。
（6）B 根据前后句意可推断应该是“一个噪音的地方”；noise名词，意思是“噪音”，noisy形容词“噪音的”，故选B。
（7） A 四个选项的意思都是“也”。as well只能放在句末；too放在肯定句句末且前面要有逗号隔开；also放在句中或句末；either放在否定句句末且前面有逗号隔开。故选A。
（8）D 情态动词的用法。must意为“必须”（主观意志）；need意为“需要”；should意为“应该”（某件事宜于做）；may意为“可能，可以”；根据句意可推断出D项。
（9）C 由系动词feel可知后跟形容词，构成系表结果；再根据句子“is especially bad for the eyes.”可推断应选C项。
（10）B 根据句子“our planet will become greener and our health will be better. ”可知“更少的污染”；由pollution是不可数名词可推断选B项。
【点评】完形填空考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，做完形填空首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
四、阅读理解
26．阅读理解
In today's
world, almost everyone knows that air pollution and water pollution are harmful
to people. However, not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution
and it is harmful to human beings too.
People who
work and live under noisy conditions easily become deaf. Scientists believe
that 10 percent of the workers in Britain are being deafened (变聋) by the noise where they work. Many of the workers who print
newspapers and books, and who weave (织) cloth become
deaf. Quite a few people living near airports also become deaf, Recently it was
discovered that many teenagers in America could hear mo better than 65 year old
people. for these young people like to listen to pop music and most of the pop
music is a kind of noise.
Nowadays
the governments in many countries have made laws to reduce or control noise and
to make it less than 85 decibels (分贝). In China, the government is
trying to solve not only air and water pollution problems but also the noise
pollution problem.
（1）The passage mainly tells us something about _______________________.
A．air pollution B．water pollution
C．noise pollution D．soil pollution
（2）Today scientists believe that ________________________.
A．90 percent of all the workers are free from any noise
B．90 percent of all the workers in Britain are not suffering from noise
C．10 percent of all the workers in Britain are working in noisy places
D．10 percent of all the workers in Britain are being deafened by the noise where they work
（3）People who _____________________ become deaf easily.
A．print newspapers or books B．listen to pop music
C．live near airports D．A, B and C
（4）Recently many teenagers could hear no better than 65 一 year 一old people in America because _____________________.
A．they all live near airports
B．their hearing is harmed by loud music
C．they are younger than the old people
D．their ears are still small
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）D
（4）B
【知识点】科普环保类；医疗保健类
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，说明了在今天的世界上，几乎每个人都知道空气污染和是污染对人们身体有害，然而，并不是所有人都知道噪声污染也对身体有害，声音超过85分贝，可以导致耳聋，所以在每个国家制定法律减少或控制噪音使它小于85分贝。
（1）主旨大意题。由原文第一段However, not all know that noise is also a kind of pollution, and that is harmful to human, too可知这篇文章主要告诉我们的是噪音污染，故选C。
（2）细节题。由原文第二段however, scientists believe that 10% of workers in Britain are deafened by the noise where they work.可知英国10%的工人都被他们工作地的噪音变得耳聋了，故选D。
（3）细节题。由原文第二段Many of the workers who print newspapers and books, and who weave (织) cloth become deaf. Quite a few people living near airports also become deaf, for these young people like to listen to pop music and most of the pop music is a kind of noise. ，可知印报纸、书本，住机场附近，听音乐都会容易变聋，故选D。
（4）细节题，由原文第二段Recently it was discovered that many teenagers in America could hear mo better than 65 year old people. for these young people like to listen to pop music and most of the pop music is a kind of noise.可知许多青少年听力不然65岁的老人是因为他们喜欢听音乐，他们的听力被大声的音乐损害了，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及主旨题和细节题这两种常考题型，主旨题需要通读全文，尤其是注意文章开头，确定文章的主旨大意，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案。
27．阅读理解
A new
rubbish sorting system(垃圾分类系统) has been put into use
in Fangchengyuan Community in Beijing. Local people not only sort their rubbish,
but also put QR codes (二维码) on it.
"When the rubbish is collected and the codes are seen, I will get
reward points to exchange for small gifts and even some money," one of the
local people told reporters. "It's really creative and encouraging."
This
smart system has been carried out in 350 communities in Beijing. The capital of
China has joined a list of cities in the country that take action to support
rubbish sorting. For example, Shenzhen and Shanghai have made laws to punish
people and organizations for not sorting rubbish correctly.
China
produces quite a lot of rubbish every year. Much of the rubbish is buried(填埋) in soil or burned without being sorted. Landfills (填埋场) take up a lot of land and have a risk of polluting the soil and
water nearby. And burning rubbish can produce harmful gases. Through rubbish sorting,
we can reduce the use of landfills and air pollution.
What's
more, rubbish sorting saves resources, which could bring economic benefits(经济利益). For example, a ton of waste paper can be reused to make about 850
kg of paper, saving 17 trees and 50 percent of water. Because of their benefits,
some countries have developed successful sorting systems.
Japan
has a strict and detailed system. When people throw away a water bottle, the
cap, the wrapper(包装纸) and the bottle itself
have to go into three different bins. Every year, families receive special
rubbish sorting timetables and directions from their local governments. They
are advised to follow the timetables and directions when they throw away
rubbish.
In
Australia, every family is provided with three rubbish bins- the red lid(盖子) bin for general waste "like food and plastic bags, the yellow
lid bin for "recycling" like steel and glass, and the green lid bin
for "green waste" such as grass and leaves. On the streets, the bins
are printed with pictures of the things that are allowed inside. It makes
recycling quite easy.
（1）What will local people probably get if they put daily rubbish into the new system in Fangchengyuan Community
A．A computer. B．A car.
C．A lot of money. D．Some small gifts.
（2）Which of the following is NOT the consequence(后果) of burying rubbish
A．Polluting soil. B．Polluting water.
C．Taking up a lot of land. D．Saving resources.
（3）Which paragraph discusses the economic benefits of rubbish sorting
A．Paragraph3. B．Paragraph 4. C．Paragraph5. D．Paragraph 6.
（4）In Australia, which bin should you put food left after dinner in
A．The red lid bin. B．The yellow lid bin.
C．The green lid bin. D．The black lid bin.
（5）Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A．In Australia, the green lid bin is used for all kinds of recyclable (可循环再用的) wastes.
B．In Japan, all kinds of things for recycling are printed on rubbish bins.
C．Japanese people cannot throw a bottle into a bin unless they move away the wrapper first.
D．Australian people have to obey local timetables and directions to throw away rubbish strictly.
【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
（5）C
【知识点】科普环保类；议论文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍了北京，日本，以及澳大利亚等实施垃圾分类的方式及意义。
（1）细节理解题。通过第二段中I will get reward points to exchange for small gifts and even some money..…可知当地小区的居民可以得到一些小礼物。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。短文中句子Landfills（填埋场）take up a lot of land and have a risk of polluting the soil and water nearby.可知，填埋垃圾占用大量土地，污染土壤和水是填埋垃圾造成的直接后果。故选D。
（3）段意理解题。段首句子What's more，rubbish sorting saves resources，which could bring economic benefits（经济利益）.提示第五段说明的是垃圾分类产生的经济利益。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。短文中句子.…the red lid（盖子）bin for"general waste"like food and plastic bags...提示剩饭放在红色盖子的垃圾桶里。故选A。
（5）综合理解题。核对各项信息与短文的描述可知，C项与短文句子Japan has a strict and detailed system.When people throw away a water bottle，the cap，the wrapper（包装纸）and the bottle itself have to go into three different bins.（日本人扔一个水瓶子时，要把瓶盖、包装纸和瓶子分别放到三个垃圾箱里）叙述相符。故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解题。阅读短文时，可以先通读全文，了解文章大意，并对于其中的词汇根据句意进行猜测；然后，带着问题，在文中找答案，应该注意同义句型的不同表述方式。
28．根据短文理解, 完成下了各题。
Each year there is an increasing number of cars on the roads and streets as millions of new cars and trucks are produced. One out of every six Americans works at putting together the parts of the cars, driving trucks, building roads, or filling car with gas. Americans won't live without cars!
Most Americans would find it hard to think what life could look like without a car. However, some have realized the serious problem of the air pollution caused by the car. The polluted air becomes poisonous and dangerous to health.
One way to get rid of the polluted car is to design a car that does not pollute. That's what several of the large car factories have been trying to do. But to build a clean car is easier said than done. Progress in this field has been slow.
Another way is to take the place of car engine （发动机）by something else. Inventors are now working on steam cars as well as electric cars. Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model that pleases man.
To prevent the world from being polluted by car, we'll have to make some changes. Americans, for example, have to cut down on the number of their total cars. They are encouraged to travel and to go to work by bicycle. Bicycling is thought to help keep the air clean.
But this change doesn't come easily—a large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down. Thus the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of unemployment.
Although cars have led us to a better life, they have also brought us new problems.
（1）Some large car factories in the US are trying to build a new kind of car which _______.
A．is clean in itself B．is used to clean streets
C．is easier to make D．does not pollute the air
（2）If the number of cars cuts down, the most serious problem to American workers is to _______.
A．have no work to do B．improve their environment
C．go to work by bike D．make their factories richer
（3）The writer wants to tell us that_______.
A．riding a bike is the only way out
B．the number of cars must be cut down
C．people wouldn't live without cars
D．cars bring us not only a better life but also serious problems
（4）Which fact does the passage provide
A．About one sixth of American workers are working in car factories.
B．The best way to get rid of air pollution is to change the car engine by something else.
C．It isn't easy to change the way of life in the US.
D．In the US bikes will surely take the place of cars in the future.
（5）Which is the best title（标题）for the passage
A．A New Way to Get Rid of Polluted Air
B．Cars and Polluted Air
C．Many Serious Problems in the US
D．Changes in Car Production
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
（5）B
【解析】【分析】在美国，汽车是人们生活中的重要一部分，美国人已经到了没有汽车不能生活的地步。但是汽车带来的空气污染也越来越严重。如果解决这个问题是本文讨论的主要内容。
（1）细节理解。由第三段中的第一二句话One way to get rid of the polluted car is to design a car that does not pollute. That's what several of the large car factories have been trying to do.可知消除空气污染的一个方法就是设计不污染的汽车，因此选D项。
（2）细节理解。由倒数第二段第一句话a large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down可知汽车工厂关闭了那么大量的工人会发现自己没工作了。故选A项。
（3）写作意图。文章最后一句话点题，汽车不仅给人们带来了便利，同时也带来一些严重的污染。故选D。
（4）细节理解。A.六分之一的美国工人在汽车工厂工作，根据第一段One out of every six Americans works at putting together the parts of the cars, driving trucks, building roads, or filling car with gas.可知错误。B.消除空气污染的最好办法是用别的东西更换汽车发动机。根据第四段可知是一种方法而不是最好方法。D.自行车会代替汽车，根据第五段可知表达错误。C.美国人的生活不容易改变。根据全文内容可知如果减少汽车会带来就业生活等一系列问题，所以正确答案是C项。
（5）主旨大意。全文主要讲述了汽车及其带来的环境污染等问题，故正确答案应为B项。
【点评】阅读理解考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。
五、任务型阅读
29．根据短文内容，完成下列任务。
It is said that about half of
the people in China smoke. Many young boys and girls have the habit of smoking,
though they are middle school students.
More and more people have come
to realize how serious this problem is. But they are never bored with it.（A）Some people think it is a kind of fashion. Some think it is of great
fun and others think that smoking can refresh themselves.
Smoking causes many illnesses. A
lot of people always cough（B）___________
smoking. The most serious illness caused by smoking is lung cancer. At the same
time smoking is a waste of money. Besides, careless smokers may cause dangerous
fires.
（C）众所周知，吸烟有害人体健康。In order to keep healthy, we should get rid of the bad habit of
smoking. Please stop smoking at once.
（1）将文中（A）处画线部分译成汉语：
（2）在文中（B）处的空白处填入适当的短语使句意完整、上下文通顺：
（3）将文中（C）处画线部分的汉语译成英语：
（4）列出短文中提到的吸烟的至少两点危害：
（5）该篇短文的主题是：
【答案】（1）有人认为抽烟是一种时尚，有人认为抽烟非常好玩，还有人认为抽烟可以使自己恢复精神。
（2）because of
（3）It is well known that smoking is harmful to people's health. /We all know that smoking is harmful to people's health.
（4）Smoking causes many illnesses. Smoking is a waste of money. Smoking causes dangerous fires.（写出两条即可）
（5）Smoking is harmful（to one's health）. / In order to keep healthy, we should get rid of the bad habit of smoking./In order to keep healthy, please stop smoking at once.
【知识点】任务型阅读；社会现象类；议论文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：据说中国有一半的人吸烟。吸烟有害健康。为了保持健康，我们应该改掉吸烟的坏习惯。
（1）Some people一些人； think认为； a kind of一种； fashion时尚； great fun很好玩； others别的；refresh恢复； themselves他们自己；故答案为有人认为抽烟是一种时尚，有人认为抽烟非常好玩，还有人认为抽烟可以使自己恢复精神。
（2）根据 Smoking causes many illnesses. 可知吸烟会导致多种疾病。根据句意可知这里是表示咳嗽的原因是抽烟，because of因为，后跟名词，代词或动名词，because因为，后跟从句，后面是smoking，动名词，故答案为because of。
（3） 众所周知，It is well known that /We all know that ；对……有害，be harmful to；健康health ，故答案为It is well known that smoking is harmful to people's health. /We all know that smoking is harmful to people's health.
（4）根据Smoking causes many illnesses. smoking is a waste of money. Besides, careless smokers may cause dangerous fires.可知吸烟会导致多种疾病。吸烟很浪费钱。粗心的烟民还可能引起火灾。故答案为Smoking causes many illnesses. Smoking is a waste of money. Smoking causes dangerous fires. （写出两条即可）
（5）根据短文内容可知吸烟有害健康。为了保持健康，我们应该改掉吸烟的坏习惯。故答案为 Smoking is harmful（to one's health）. / In order to keep healthy, we should get rid of the bad habit of smoking./In order to keep healthy, please stop smoking at once.
【点评】考查任务型阅读。关键要读懂全文，然后根据题目要求作答。注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案，在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义句，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。
六、选词填空（词汇运用）
30．根据语境从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，有的需要变换形式。
pollute, hopeless, less, enemy, recycle
（1）The doctor advised me to eat　 　meat and more vegetables.
（2）These things can be　 　.Don't burn them.
（3）If the water is　 　we can't get our drinking water from it.
（4）We tried to stop the fire from spreading, but we knew it was　 　.
（5）Peter and Paul were friends in the past, but now they are　 　.
【答案】（1）less
（2）recycled
（3）polluted
（4）hopeless
（5）enemies
【知识点】选词填空
【解析】【分析】备选项中文：pollute 污染；hopeless 绝望的；less 更少的；enemy 敌人；recycle 重复利用。
（1）句意：医生建议我多吃蔬菜少吃肉。结合句意，连词and表并列，此空用来修饰名词meat，所以填形容词，less更少的，故答案为less。
（2）句意：这些东西可以被重复利用，不要烧毁它们。结合句意，用被动语态be recycled表示东西被重复利用，故答案为recycled。
（3）句意：我们不能喝受污染的水。结合句意，be+形容词表示系表结构，polluted受污染的，故答案为polluted。
（4）句意：虽然我们尽力阻止火势蔓延，但我们都知道这是徒劳。结合句意，be+形容词表示系表结构，hopeless无望的，故答案为hopeless。
（5）句意：Peter和Paul曾经是好朋友，但是现在他们是敌人。结合句意，连词but表转折，朋友的反义词是敌人，故答案为enemies。
【点评】本题考查单词在语境中的运用，需要根据单词在语境中的词性进行必要变形，同时熟记固定搭配和基本句型。
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