(共29张PPT)
Lesson 3 P36-39
新北师大选择性必修Book 2
Unit 5 Education
Which of the following may help you acquire knowledge more effectively
Pair Work:
1
to be interested in the topic
to ask questions
to discuss topics with friends
to be relaxed and happy
to have time to think about what you have learnt
Pre-reading
Francis Bacon
is an English philosopher and statesman of
England. His works
are credited with
developing the
scientific method and
remain influential through the scientific revolution.
Galileo Galilei
is an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer. Galileo has been called the “Father of Observational Astronomy”, the “Father of Modern Physics”, the “Father of the Scientific Method” and the “Father of Modern Science”.
Aristotle
is a Greek philosopher.
He was the founder of the school of philosophy. He
has been called the “Father
of Western Philosophy”.
Read the text to get the general idea.
While-reading
Read paragraph 1.
According to the writer, how do we acquire
knowledge and achieve understanding
Task 1
To start with, we
need _________.
questions
Then, to find answers, we need __________
_________________
_________________.
observe the
world around us and
study the facts
After that, we ______ _________________
_________________
_________________.
consider
possible answers and
test each to find the
right ones
2
Read paragraphs 2-3＆complete
Task 2
3
Francis Bacon believed that the way to gain knowledge is ________. But most people in his days
believed _______________.
Galileo Galilei proved that ____________________
___________________. But many people in his
days ______________________________________
__________________________________________.
Aristotle’s understanding of the universe was that ____________________________________because
_________________________________.
It is still often true today that __________________
__________________________________________.
thinking
more in religion
the Earth was not the
centre of the universe
tended to ignore the facts and didn’t want to
challenge what they had always comfortably believed
the Earth must be the centre of the universe
it felt like the Earth was standing still
people don’t want to
abandon what they’ve always thought as true
4
Read＆answer:
Task 3
What position did Bacon hold during his days and what was his true interest
At first people approved of Galilei’s studies, but later they got angry. Why
Why did people choose to believe views that were about 2,000 years old
Were great men in history always correct
According to the writer, will anyone be in the position to say “We know it all.”
Answer:
1. Bacon held an important rank under King James (1566-1625)
of England. His true interest was the worthy search for knowledge.
Answer:
2. They didn’t want to challenge what they had always thought was true.
Answer:
3. Because they were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.
Answer:
4. No. Galilei made mistakes. He believed that the Earth moved
round the sun in a perfect circle. But he was wrong.
Answer:
5. None of us can say “we know it all”. Bacon and Galilei knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for.
Find out what each pronoun refers to in the
text.
5
Example
After that, we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones. (Para.1) ones=answers
1. ...he was going against the views of the day. (Para. 2)
he =_______________
2. This was certainly not the interest ...(Para. 2)
This = _____________________
3. ...what they had always comfortably believed. (Para. 2)
they = ___________________________
4. ...they grew angry and put him in prison. (Para. 3)
they =_____________
5. ...then it must be so. (Para. 3) it =______________
6. He is now known as ... (Para. 3) He =_____________
Francis Bacon
search for knowledge
the church and most people
people
assumption
Galilei
Circle the linking words in the text that the
writer used in order to express his/her
opinion coherently.
6
to start with
then
after that
however
at that time
at first
later
therefore
in other words
Group Work:
Think and share
7
What do you think the last sentence of the passage means
What is the writer’s attitude towards the way to acquire knowledge How did the writer make his/her opinion clear to the readers
Post-reading
Answer:
1. I think the last sentence of the text means that knowledge and understanding are more important than money. They are more helpful and useful because they can guide our ways of learning about the world and help us solve problems all the time while money can just buy certain goods and solve problems for some time.
Answer:
2. The writer’s attitude to acquiring knowledge is to keep asking questions and respect facts. We do not just accept answers from
authority. The writer illustrated his/her points by using examples of Galilei and ideas from great thinkers like Bacon.
Underline the expressions that show the writer’s attitude.
Express Yourself
Group Work
Look at the three critical thinking
questions below.
Prepare at least two more questions you can
ask about this passage.
Ask and answer.
Why did the writer write this passage
How do I know what I’m reading is true
What is the relationship between the ideas in the text
10
Language points P36-39
新北师大选择性必修Book 2
Unit 5 Education
课文回顾：
Although Bacon held an imortant rank in King James’royal court of England, ...
1
句意: 尽管培根在英国国王詹姆斯的宫廷中位高权重，……
rank n. 排；等级；军衔；队列
hold an important rank 位高权重，身居要职
The rank of book shelves seemed endless.
那一排书架似乎没有尽头。
Theoritically, the Chinese farmers held a very high social rank.
从理论上讲，中国农民的社会地位很高。
He rose through the ranks to become managing director.
他一步步晋升为总经理。
The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didn’t want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.
2
句意: 教会和多数人一样往往忽视事实，不愿意去挑战自己一直以来相信的东西。
Women tend to live longer than men.
女人往往比男人长寿。
He intended to have become a lawyer.
他本来打算当律师。（实际没有当律师）
两者都有“趋于”的意思。tend to指客观上的倾向，没有主观意愿；而intend to强调主观上的倾向于，有“打算”的意思。
【近义词辨析：tend to和intend to】
At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue...
3
句意: 起初人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究……
Her parents really approve of you, don’t they
她的父母真的很认可你，不是吗？
Do you approve of my idea
你赞成我的想法吗？
The committee unanimously approved the plan.
委员会一致通过了这项计划。
The course is approved by the Department for Education.
这个课程是由教育部批准的。
approve主要用于上级对下级的计划、建议等表示赞同或在程序上“批准”或“通过”。
用作不及物动词时，常与of连用，后可接包括人在内的名词、代词或动名词作宾语，意为“同意、赞成”。
用作及物动词时，可接表示物或事物的名词、代词或动名词作宾语，但不接人称代词或表示人的名词作宾语，也不接动词不定式，意为“批准”。
【近义词辨析：approve和approve of】
You’ve never ___________ Henry, have you
I told my mother I wanted to marry Jan but she didn’t ________.
He doesn’t __________ me leaving school this year.
approved of
approve
approve of
We own so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei, who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon.
4. 句子结构分析
who引导的定语从句
that引导的定语从句
We是主语，own是谓语，so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei是宾语。
目的状语从句
句意: 我们对世界的认识和理解，很大程度上要归功于培根和伽利略这样的人，正是他们勇敢地走出了传统思想的阴影，才帮我们找到了构建当今文明的知识王国。
Read and correct the sentences using the
words and phrases below.
8
inefficient approve of didn’t want to
abandon constantly growing and changing continue
1 In Bacon’s days, the working style of the
government was very efficient.
________________________________________________________________________________
2 People were strongly against Galilei’s studies at
first and then they urged him to give up.
________________________________________________________________________________
In Bacon’s days, the working style of the government was very inefficient.
People approved of Galilei’s studies at first and then they urged him to continue.
3 Our understanding of the world is stable.
________________________________________________________________________________
4 People in the past were willing to give up what
they had always thought as true.
________________________________________________________________________________
Read and correct the sentences using the
words and phrases below.
8
inefficient approve of didn’t want to
abandon constantly growing and changing continue
Our understanding of the world is constantly growing and changing.
People in the past didn’t want to abandon what they had always thought as true.
Find the verbs or phrases from the text that
can go together with the nouns given.
9
knowledge
acquire
gain
learn
accumulate
...
...
Find the verbs or phrases from the text that
can go together with the nouns given.
9
idea
prove
put forward
put forth
...
get
come up with
Find the verbs or phrases from the text that
can go together with the nouns given.
9
problem
solve
...
...
come across
...
...
Find the verbs or phrases from the text that
can go together with the nouns given.
9
fact
study
ignore
accept
neglect
know
...
Thank you!Unit 5 Education
Understanding
Unit 5 Lesson 3 P36-37.mp3
It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. To start with, we need questions. Then, to find answers, we observe the world around us and study the facts. After that, we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones. Although today we are more used to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to give us an answer, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this
type of analysis - luckily for us.
However, in the 17th century when Francis Bacon (1561-1626) suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge, he was going against the views of the day. Although Bacon held an important rank in King James’ royal court of England, his true interest was not the day-to-day, slow and inefficient working style of the government, but the worthy search for knowledge. This was certainly not the interest of most people in his days. At that time, people believed more in the church than in facts, and people like Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”, were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence. The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didn’t want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed. In fact, when Galilei proved that the Earth was not the centre of the universe, instead of believing him, people chose to believe views that were almost 2,000 years old!
It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BCE). He said that the Earth must be the centre of the universe because it felt like the Earth was standing still. Galilei disagreed. At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison. They didn’t want to abandon what they’d always thought as true. And this is still often true today. People make the assumption
that if someone important and respected says that something is right, then it must be so. But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, he was wrong at times. And Galilei also made mistakes. He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle. He was wrong.
Therefore, our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing. In other words, we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say, “We know it all.” We need to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom. They understood that we don’t know everything and probably never will, as this would mean a world with questions.
We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei, who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon. These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world.
（北京）股份有限公司(共6张PPT)
It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. To start with, we need questions. Then, to find answers, we observe the world around us and study the facts. After that, we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones. Although today we are more used to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to give us an
answer, modern
scientists and thinkers
are still solving the
world’s problems with
this type of analysis -
Understanding
luckily for us.
However, in the 17th century
when Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
suggested that this type of
thinking was the way to gain
knowledge, he was going
against the views of the day.
Although Bacon held an
important rank in King James’ royal court of England, his true interest was not the day-to-day, slow and inefficient working style of the government, but the worthy search for knowledge. This was certainly not the interest of most people in his days. At that time, people believed more in the church than in facts, and people like Galileo Galilei (1564-1642),
who proved the idea that “the
Earth is not the centre of the
universe”, were often punished
by the church with no one
coming to their defence. The
church and many people tended
to ignore the facts and didn’t
want to challenge what they had
always comfortably believed. In
fact, when Galilei proved that the Earth was not the centre of the universe, instead of believing him, people chose to believe views that were almost 2,000 years old!
It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle
(384-322 BCE). He said that the
Earth must be the centre of the
universe because it felt like the
Earth was standing still. Galilei
disagreed. At first, people
approved of his studies and
urged him to continue, but later
when he proved Aristotle wrong,
they grew angry and put him in prison. They didn’t want to abandon what they’d always thought as true. And this is still often true today. People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right, then it must be so. But even though Aristotle was a great man who
inspired many great scientists and philosophers
after him, he was wrong at times. And Galilei also made mistakes. He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle. He was wrong.
Therefore, our
understanding of the
world around us is
constantly growing and
changing. In other words,
we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say, “We know it all.” We need to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom. They understood that we don’t know everything and probably never will, as this would mean a world with questions.
We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei, who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon. These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world.
