2023届高考英语二轮复习定语从句课件（39张ppt）
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语二轮复习定语从句课件（39张ppt） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-10-31 16:28:19 | ||
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(共39张PPT)
定语从句
定语从句
她是一个漂亮的女人。
She is a beautiful woman.
她是一个漂亮的让我面红的女人。
She is a beautiful woman who makes me blush.
定义：修饰名词（或代词）的从句。
三要素：先行词，定语从句，关系词（关系代词&关系副词）
类别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开 与主句之间用逗号隔开
功能 对先行词进行限定、修饰 对先行词做附加说明
先行词 名词或名词词组 名词、名词词组或整个句子
翻译 常译成前置定语 常译成并列分句
（一）定语从句的分类
定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。两者区别如下：
I have an elder brother who is a teacher.
我有一个当老师的哥哥。
He studied hard at school when he was young, which contributes to his success in later life.
他上学时很努力，这有助于他后来的成功。
关系代词：who, whom, that, which, whose, as
关系副词：when, where, why
定从的引导词
Yesterday I helped an old man who/that lost his way.
The train which/that left just now was for Shanghai.
从句成分 先行词 主语
指人 who/that
指物 which/that
小试牛刀
1. This is Mr Brown, _____ I think has exciting news to tell you.
A. which
B. whose
C. whom
D. who
2. The market _____ is on the floor below is closed until Tuesday.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. who
答案：1. D 2. B
Sorry, the subscriber who/whom/that/x you have dailed is busy. Please redial later.
This is the photo which/that/x I took.
从句成分 先行词 主语 宾语
指人 who/that who/whom/that/x
指物 which/that which/that/x
小试牛刀
1.Yesterday Li Ming went to the village ______ he visited five years ago.
A. where
B. who
C. that
D. whom
答案：C
He is no longer the man that/x he used to be.
This is no longer the dirty place that/x it used to be.
从句成分 先行词 主语 宾语 表语
指人 who/that who/whom/that/x that/x
指物 which/that which/that/x
小试牛刀
My hometown is no longer the place _____ it used to be.
A. what
B. which
C. who
D. that
答案：D
Mr. Liu wants to talk to the students whose homework hasn't been handed in.
I like the house whose window faces south.
从句成分 先行词 主语 宾语 表语 定语
指人 who/that who/whom/that/x that/x
whose
指物 which/that which/that/x 小试牛刀
1. The farmers, ______ houses had been destroyed by the serious flood, were given help by the government.
A. who
B. what
C. which
D. whose
2. Many children, ______ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.
A. their
B. whose
C. of them
D. with whom
答案：1. D 2. B
从句成分 先行词 主语 宾语 表语 定语
指人 who/that who/whom/that/x that/x
whose
指物 which/that which/that/x She still remembered the day when he went away.
小试牛刀
I shall never forget the day_____ ShenZhou V was launched.
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. when
答案：A
The district is a place where most college students live.
小试牛刀
After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. when
答案：C
That’s the reason why I don’t like you.
小试牛刀
The reason _____ she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
A. why
B. which
C. that
D. what
答案：A
（四）定语从句解题思路
1. 先看从句所缺句子成分：
缺主、宾、表、定语，用关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose, as)；
缺状语，用关系副词（when, where, why)；
2. 再看先行词的指代：
缺关系代词时，看先行词指人还是指物；
缺关系副词时，看先行词指时间、地点还是原因。
3. 注意特殊情况：
只用that或which，as引导的定语从句等。
1判类型
2看成分
3看先行词
知识拓展1：先行词为人，whose +n = the +n +of +whom / of whom +the +n
This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.
=This is the scientist, the achievements of whom are well known.
=This is the scientist, of whom the achievements are well known.
先行词为物，whose +n = the +n +of +which / of which +the +n
They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.
=They came to a house, the back wall of which had broken down.
=They came to a house, of which the back wall had broken down.
小试牛刀
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese Vase, _____ was very reasonable.
A. which price
B. the price of which
C. its price
D. the price of whose
答案：B
知识拓展2：定语从句关系词as的用法：
（1）与such, the same, as连用，意为“像……一样的，同……一类的”。
He bought the same bike as you did.
There is no such book as you refer to.
（2）单独用作关系代词，在引导非限制性定语从句时意为“正如”，可放在主句之前、之后或中间，且主从句之间一般要用逗号隔开。
He is a boy, as we all know from his voice.
As has been said before, we must solve the problem as soon as possible.
小试牛刀
1. She is such a girl ______ is always finding fault with other people.
A. that B. which
C. who D. as
2. The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A. it B. which
C. what D. as
答案：1. D 2. D
知识点拨
① 只用that的情况
a. 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时；或者先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时。
eg: All the books that you offered have been given out.
1. that与which的区别
知识点拨
① 只用that的情况
b. 先行词前的修饰词被限定时（如，形容词最高级和序数词修饰先行词，或the only, the very修饰先行词时）。
eg: The park is the cleanest parks that you can imagine.
c. 先行词既指人又指物时。
eg: They talked about things and persons that they remembered.
1. that与which的区别
小试牛刀
1.All ________ you can do to comfort her is to listen to her patiently.
A. what B. that C. which D. while
2. Finally, the thief handed everything _____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
3.We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _____ were in the concert we attended last night.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
答案：1. B 2. D 3. D
知识点拨
② 只用which的情况
a. 在非限制性定语从句中，指物或事只能用which。
eg: Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, which his parents expect.
b. 在由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，指物只能用which。
eg: This is the book about which we are talking now.
1. that与which的区别
小试牛刀
The result of the experiment was very good, _____ we hadn’t expect.
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. what
答案：C
知识点拨
从句的位置
as引导的定语从句既可放在主句前，也可在主句后，which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后。
表达意义
as表示“正如”的意思（非限），常用搭配有：such＋n.＋as...和the same＋n.＋as...（限）；
which表示“这”的意思。
2. as与which的区别
知识点拨
as的习惯用语
as we all know 众所周知 as is known to all 众所周知
as the old saying goes 常言道 as anybody can see 众所周知
as has been said before 如前所述 as is mentioned above 如上所述
2. as与which的区别
小试牛刀
1. ______ we all know, we can develop good habits by practicing.
A. As B, Which C. That D. What
2. The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A. it B. which C. what D. as
3. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
答案：1. A 2. D 3. B
（三）“介词+关系代词”的用法
1. 介词后面的关系词不能省略，且不能用that。
2. “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，若指人，则用“介词+whom”；若指物，则用“介词+which”。
My cousin is a person with whom I can discuss my homework.
The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
“介词+关系代词”的用法
【拓展】“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法：
一先：根据先行词与介词的常见搭配确定介词。
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club
二动：根据定语从句中谓语动词的固定搭配确定介词。
This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan.
三意义：根据句意确定介词。
The boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see the outside.
（三）“介词+关系代词”的用法
3. 某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词+关系代词（主要是which）”结构可以同关系副词when, where, why互换。
This is the house where (in which) I lived two years ago.
小试牛刀
1. This is Mr. Wang, ______ help, I couldn't have succeeded.
A. with whom B. with whose
C. without whom D. without whose
2. The engineer _______ my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom
C. with which D. with whom
3. The man to _______ my teacher is speaking is our school master.
A.him B. whom
C. that D. who
答案：1. C 2. D 3. B
Thank you!
定语从句
定语从句
她是一个漂亮的女人。
She is a beautiful woman.
她是一个漂亮的让我面红的女人。
She is a beautiful woman who makes me blush.
定义：修饰名词（或代词）的从句。
三要素：先行词，定语从句，关系词（关系代词&关系副词）
类别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开 与主句之间用逗号隔开
功能 对先行词进行限定、修饰 对先行词做附加说明
先行词 名词或名词词组 名词、名词词组或整个句子
翻译 常译成前置定语 常译成并列分句
（一）定语从句的分类
定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。两者区别如下：
I have an elder brother who is a teacher.
我有一个当老师的哥哥。
He studied hard at school when he was young, which contributes to his success in later life.
他上学时很努力，这有助于他后来的成功。
关系代词：who, whom, that, which, whose, as
关系副词：when, where, why
定从的引导词
Yesterday I helped an old man who/that lost his way.
The train which/that left just now was for Shanghai.
从句成分 先行词 主语
指人 who/that
指物 which/that
小试牛刀
1. This is Mr Brown, _____ I think has exciting news to tell you.
A. which
B. whose
C. whom
D. who
2. The market _____ is on the floor below is closed until Tuesday.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. who
答案：1. D 2. B
Sorry, the subscriber who/whom/that/x you have dailed is busy. Please redial later.
This is the photo which/that/x I took.
从句成分 先行词 主语 宾语
指人 who/that who/whom/that/x
指物 which/that which/that/x
小试牛刀
1.Yesterday Li Ming went to the village ______ he visited five years ago.
A. where
B. who
C. that
D. whom
答案：C
He is no longer the man that/x he used to be.
This is no longer the dirty place that/x it used to be.
从句成分 先行词 主语 宾语 表语
指人 who/that who/whom/that/x that/x
指物 which/that which/that/x
小试牛刀
My hometown is no longer the place _____ it used to be.
A. what
B. which
C. who
D. that
答案：D
Mr. Liu wants to talk to the students whose homework hasn't been handed in.
I like the house whose window faces south.
从句成分 先行词 主语 宾语 表语 定语
指人 who/that who/whom/that/x that/x
whose
指物 which/that which/that/x 小试牛刀
1. The farmers, ______ houses had been destroyed by the serious flood, were given help by the government.
A. who
B. what
C. which
D. whose
2. Many children, ______ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.
A. their
B. whose
C. of them
D. with whom
答案：1. D 2. B
从句成分 先行词 主语 宾语 表语 定语
指人 who/that who/whom/that/x that/x
whose
指物 which/that which/that/x She still remembered the day when he went away.
小试牛刀
I shall never forget the day_____ ShenZhou V was launched.
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. when
答案：A
The district is a place where most college students live.
小试牛刀
After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. when
答案：C
That’s the reason why I don’t like you.
小试牛刀
The reason _____ she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
A. why
B. which
C. that
D. what
答案：A
（四）定语从句解题思路
1. 先看从句所缺句子成分：
缺主、宾、表、定语，用关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose, as)；
缺状语，用关系副词（when, where, why)；
2. 再看先行词的指代：
缺关系代词时，看先行词指人还是指物；
缺关系副词时，看先行词指时间、地点还是原因。
3. 注意特殊情况：
只用that或which，as引导的定语从句等。
1判类型
2看成分
3看先行词
知识拓展1：先行词为人，whose +n = the +n +of +whom / of whom +the +n
This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.
=This is the scientist, the achievements of whom are well known.
=This is the scientist, of whom the achievements are well known.
先行词为物，whose +n = the +n +of +which / of which +the +n
They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.
=They came to a house, the back wall of which had broken down.
=They came to a house, of which the back wall had broken down.
小试牛刀
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese Vase, _____ was very reasonable.
A. which price
B. the price of which
C. its price
D. the price of whose
答案：B
知识拓展2：定语从句关系词as的用法：
（1）与such, the same, as连用，意为“像……一样的，同……一类的”。
He bought the same bike as you did.
There is no such book as you refer to.
（2）单独用作关系代词，在引导非限制性定语从句时意为“正如”，可放在主句之前、之后或中间，且主从句之间一般要用逗号隔开。
He is a boy, as we all know from his voice.
As has been said before, we must solve the problem as soon as possible.
小试牛刀
1. She is such a girl ______ is always finding fault with other people.
A. that B. which
C. who D. as
2. The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A. it B. which
C. what D. as
答案：1. D 2. D
知识点拨
① 只用that的情况
a. 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时；或者先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时。
eg: All the books that you offered have been given out.
1. that与which的区别
知识点拨
① 只用that的情况
b. 先行词前的修饰词被限定时（如，形容词最高级和序数词修饰先行词，或the only, the very修饰先行词时）。
eg: The park is the cleanest parks that you can imagine.
c. 先行词既指人又指物时。
eg: They talked about things and persons that they remembered.
1. that与which的区别
小试牛刀
1.All ________ you can do to comfort her is to listen to her patiently.
A. what B. that C. which D. while
2. Finally, the thief handed everything _____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
3.We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _____ were in the concert we attended last night.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
答案：1. B 2. D 3. D
知识点拨
② 只用which的情况
a. 在非限制性定语从句中，指物或事只能用which。
eg: Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, which his parents expect.
b. 在由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，指物只能用which。
eg: This is the book about which we are talking now.
1. that与which的区别
小试牛刀
The result of the experiment was very good, _____ we hadn’t expect.
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. what
答案：C
知识点拨
从句的位置
as引导的定语从句既可放在主句前，也可在主句后，which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后。
表达意义
as表示“正如”的意思（非限），常用搭配有：such＋n.＋as...和the same＋n.＋as...（限）；
which表示“这”的意思。
2. as与which的区别
知识点拨
as的习惯用语
as we all know 众所周知 as is known to all 众所周知
as the old saying goes 常言道 as anybody can see 众所周知
as has been said before 如前所述 as is mentioned above 如上所述
2. as与which的区别
小试牛刀
1. ______ we all know, we can develop good habits by practicing.
A. As B, Which C. That D. What
2. The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A. it B. which C. what D. as
3. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
答案：1. A 2. D 3. B
（三）“介词+关系代词”的用法
1. 介词后面的关系词不能省略，且不能用that。
2. “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，若指人，则用“介词+whom”；若指物，则用“介词+which”。
My cousin is a person with whom I can discuss my homework.
The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
“介词+关系代词”的用法
【拓展】“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法：
一先：根据先行词与介词的常见搭配确定介词。
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club
二动：根据定语从句中谓语动词的固定搭配确定介词。
This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan.
三意义：根据句意确定介词。
The boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see the outside.
（三）“介词+关系代词”的用法
3. 某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词+关系代词（主要是which）”结构可以同关系副词when, where, why互换。
This is the house where (in which) I lived two years ago.
小试牛刀
1. This is Mr. Wang, ______ help, I couldn't have succeeded.
A. with whom B. with whose
C. without whom D. without whose
2. The engineer _______ my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom
C. with which D. with whom
3. The man to _______ my teacher is speaking is our school master.
A.him B. whom
C. that D. who
答案：1. C 2. D 3. B
Thank you!