人教版（2019） 必修第二册 Unit 4 History and Traditions 拓展资源秦朝介绍课件(23张ppt)

(共23张PPT)
Qing Dynasty
Introduction
Presented by Weifeng
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Introduction
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Introduction
Qing Dynasty , with its captial Beijing, was the last feudal ruling of China from 1644 to 1912.
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the establishment of the Qing Dynasty
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the establishment of the Qing Dynasty
After reunifying all the Nuzhen tribes, Nurhachu proclaimed himself emperor in 1616.
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the establishment of the Qing Dynasty
In 1636, Huang Taiji, son of Nurhachu moved the capital to Shenyang and changed the regime title into 'Qing'.
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Kangxi and consolidation
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Kangxi and consolidation
The Kangxi Emperor (r. 1662 - 1722) assumed the throne at age eight .
During the early years of his reign, he was largely aided by his grandmother,
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Kangxi and consolidation
Kangxi is the longest reigning of all Chinese rulers. During his long rule he set the policy direction for the empire and stabilized it.
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The Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors
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The Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors
After the Kangxi Emperor's death in the winter of 1722, Prince Yong Yinzhen, his fourth son , succeeded him as the Yongzheng Emperor. Yongzheng remained a controversial character because of rumours about him usurping the throne, and he was involved in great political struggles with his brothers. Yongzheng was a hardworking administrator who ruled with an iron hand.
His successor Qianlong is regarded as one of the most memorable emperor and during his reign ,China reached the zenith of its power.
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The Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors
During the late years of Qianlong's reign, the Qing government saw a return of rampant corruption. The official Heshen was arguably one of the most corrupt in the entire Qing Dynasty. He was eventually forced into committing suicide by Qianlong's son, the Jiaqing Emperor (r. 1796–1820).
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The Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors
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Decline of the Qing Dynasty
After Emperor Qianlong, the Qing Dynasty gradually declined. The later successors Emperor Jiaqing and Daoguang didn't have the enterprising spirit, and they just kept reusing the old policies to continue their sovereign.
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Decline of the Qing Dynasty
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The First Opium War
In 1840 ,Britain started the first opium war against China, and forced the Qing Dynasty to sign the first of many unequal treaties with them beginning with the 'Nanjing Treaty'. Thereafter, the door to China was forced open by the great western powers.
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The First Opium War
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Empress Dowager Cixi - The Dragon Lady
In the late 19th century, a new leader emerged. The Empress Dowager Cixi, concubine to the Emperor Xianfeng (r. 1850-1861), the mother of child emperor Tongzhi, and Aunt of Guangxu successfully controlled the Qing government and was the defacto leader of China for 47 years. She staged a coup d'état to oust the regency led by Sushun appointed by the late Emperor. She was known for "ruling behind the curtain"
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Empress Dowager Cixi - The Dragon Lady
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Fall of the Qing Dynasty
By the early 20th century, mass civil disorder had begun and continuously grown. Ci Xi and the Guangxu emperor both died in 1908, leaving a relatively powerless and unstable central authority. Puyi, the eldest son of Zaifeng, Prince Chun, was appointed successor at age three.
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Fall of the Qing Dynasty
The Qing court was faced with troubles at home and aggression from abroad.
Finally, the Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen broke out and overthrew the Qing Dynasty . on 12th of February , Emperor Fuyi was forced to abdicate , bringing two thousand years of Chinese feudal monarchy to an end.
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Fall of the Qing Dynasty
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Presented by Weifeng