人教版八年级下册Unit 10 I‘ve had this bike for three years-Grammar Focus课件(共32张PPT)

(共32张PPT)
Read the following sentences.
How long have you had that bike over there
I’ve had it for three years.
How long has his son owned the train and railway set
He’s owned it since his famous birthday.
Have you ever played football
Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played for a
while now.
现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始、一直持续到现在，多与“since +点时间”或“for +段时间”连用。for表示“经过(一段时间)”，而since表示“自从(……以来)”。 常见结构如下：
现在完成时--- since 和 for 的用法
for +表示一段时间的状语
一段时间+ ago
since + 表示过去的某一时间点
从句
来看几个例句吧：
He has lived here for 16 years. 他住在这里有十六年了。
He has lived here since 16 years ago.
他从十六年前起就住在这里了。
He has lived here since 1991. 他从1991年起就住在这里了。
He has lived here since he was born.
他从出生起就住在这里。
在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用how long
How long have you played basketball
How long have you been collecting shells
--- How long has Mary been a teacher
--- Since two years ago.
介词 for 短语表示一个时间段，指某个动作或情况到现在为止已持续了多久；since 作为介词，接一个时间名词；作为连词，引导一个时间状语从句(从句动词一般是短暂性动词)。since 表示“自…以来”，指某个动作或情况从过去某一点时间一直持续到现在，因此，与 for 或 since 引出的时间状语连用的句子(或主语)谓语动词必须是延续性的。
英语中有些动词的意义不能延续，表示的是一瞬间就结束的动作，这些动词被称为非延续性动词或短暂性动词，常见的如 come, leave, go, lose, see, begin, start, arrive, become, die, buy, borrow, close, join, reach, fall, get up 等。这类动词可以用于完成时态，但在肯定句中不能与表示动作延续的时间状语 for 或 since 短语连用。如：
正: He has come back. 他已回来。
误: He has come back for three days.
若要表示“他回来已三天了”这样的意思，可以将动词改为延续性动词，或改变时间状语，或改用别的句型等，如译为：
He has been back for three days.
(改变谓语动词)
He has been back since three days ago.
(改变谓语动词)
He came back three days ago.
(改变时间状语及动词时态)
It’s three days since he came back.
(改变句型)
come, go, begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive, reach, borrow, lend, get to know等这些短暂性动词如果要谈论一个动作发生在过去某个时间点，我们可以使用ago或一般过去时。如：
Kitty has left Beijing for two days.
Kitty left Beijing two days ago.
Kitty has been away from Beijing for two days.
Kitty has bought her purse since last year.
Kitty bought her purse a year ago.
Kitty has had her purse for a year.
√
√
√
√
x
x
在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。
初中英语中常见的有：
短暂性动词
延续性动词
go, leave, move
arrive, come, reach
join, become
buy, get (得到)
be away (off), be out of
be here , be in +某地
be in, be a (an) + n.
have
fall ill (asleep)
finish, end
begin , start
begin to learn (work, read, rain)
go out
get up
borrow
get to know
die
lose
be ill (asleep)
be over
be on
learn, work , read, rain
be out
be up
keep
know
be dead
be lost
短暂性动词
延续性动词
非延续性动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中不能与for 或 since引出的短语(或句子)连用，但在否定句中是可以的，因为一个非延续性动词一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态总是可以延续的。如：
I haven’t seen him for a long time.
我很久没见到他了。
He hasn’t come here for some time.
他有段时间没来了。
I haven’t heard from her since she left.
自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信。
4a
Rewrite the sentences using for or since.
1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago.
2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.
3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009.
Jim has been in Japan for three days.
They have not eaten for ten hours.
I have had a camera since 2009.
4. I know Ann. I first met her three years ago.
5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.
I have known Anna for three years.
Linda has been ill since Monday.
4b
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
I _______________ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _____(go) next month before the weather gets too cold.
2. They ________________ (never own) any pets, but they ___________________ (always want) to have a dog.
have never been
go
have never owned
have always wanted
3. We ________ (have) a piano since last November. We
________ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved
to the US last year.
4. Cathy and Amy _________________________ (not be) back
to their hometown for two years. They _____ (miss) their
hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.
have had
have not been/haven’t been
bought
miss
5. This museum ________ (be) here for over 20 years. It ____
(be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.
has been
is
1. Do you have a(n) ________ How long have you had it
2. Do you own a(n) ________ How long have you owned it
Things How long
Tony favorite book
basketball for two years since
he was 10 years old
Student 1
Student 2
4c
Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．We ____________(not see) each other since I ____(leave) the university.
2．The hospital _________(be) here for 10 years. It ____ (be) the tallest
building in our city.
3．She _______________(never be) to the amusement park since two
years ago. Her parents __________(take) her there next week.
4．I don't want to give away my football shirts although I ______________
(not play) for a while now.
5．I _________________(never visit) the Great Wall before. I want
_________(visit) it one day.
haven't seen
left
has been
is
has never been
will take
haven't played
have never visited
to visit
6. The old man __________(live) here since 1992.
7. _______ you _________(visit) our factory yet
8. I ____________ (not see) you for a long time. You _____________(change) a lot.
9. I’m afraid I __________(keep) you waiting for a long time.
10. He __________(know) the city since he was very young.
has lived
Have
visited
haven’t seen
have changed
have kept
has known
( ) 1. I ______ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai.
A. didn’t hear from B. don’t hear from
C. won’t hear from D. haven’t heard from
D
( )2. Not only Jam but also his parents _______ a few interesting places since they came to China.
A. will visit B. has visited
C. have visited D. visited
C
二. 单项选择
( )3. —Excuse me, where is Mr. Brown's office
—Sorry, I don’t know. I _____ here for only a
few days.
A. work B. worked
C. have worked D. will work
C
( ) 4. My grandmother ______ a lot of changes in
Tianjin since she came here.
A．sees B. can see
C. will see D. has seen
D
( ) 5.I _______ many new friends since I came here.
A. make B. made
C. will make D. have made
D
( ) 6.My aunt is a writer. She _____ more than ten books since 1980.
A. writes B. wrote
C. has written D. will write
C
( )7. Some boys in our class _____ the football club for a year. They are crazy about playing football now. （2017·哈尔滨）
A. joined B. have joined
C. have been in
( )8. — ______is it from your house to the bookstore
— It’s about fifteen minutes’ walk. （2017·哈尔滨）
A. How long B. How far
C. How often
C
B
( ) 9. My mother _____ a good example for me since I was young.（2016·陕西）
A. was B. has been C. will be D. is
B
( ) 10. Uncle Liang ________ in Haikou since 1980, so he knows a lot about the city. （2016·海南）
A. is living B. has lived C. lived
B
( ) 11. William Shakespeare ______ for 400 years, but his works still have great influence today. （2016·山东青岛）
A. died B. was dying
C. has died D. has been dead
D
( ) 12. ---What a nice watch! How long _____ you ____it
---For just two weeks.（2016·天津）
A. will , buy B. have, had
C. were, having D. did, buy
B
( ) 13. Premier Zhou Enlai _____ for many years, he still lives in the hearts of Chinese people. （2015安顺）
A. died B. was died
C. has been died D. has been dead
D
( )14. I _____ scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. （2015杭州）
A. will be B. was
C. have been D. would be
C
( ) 15. — Do you know Diaoyu Island —Sure. It ______ China since ancient times. 【2014湖北咸宁】 A. belongs to B. belonged to
C. has belonged to D. is belonging to
C
( ) 16.He _____ in this factory for 20 years already.
【2014北京】 A. will work B. works
C. has worked D. is working
C
三、按要求完成下列句子。
1．Her parents came to China five years ago.(改为同义句)
Her parents _______________ China ____ five years.
2．My father left home the day before yesterday.(用for two days改写句子)
My father __________________home for two days.
3．Susan bought the umbrella the day before yesterday.(改为同义句)
Susan ____________ the umbrella ________two days ago.
have been in
for
has been away from
has had
since
4. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
____________ have they been here
5. The old man _________ last year.
He ____________________ for a year. (die) （动词填空）
6. This factory opened twenty years ago. (同义句转换)
This factory ____________________ for twenty years.
How long
died
has been dead
has been open
4. Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China.
5. His grandparents have been dead ______ several years.
6. It’s five years _______ we met last time.
四. 选用 for和 since填空:
1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.
2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago.
3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.
for
since
for
since
for
since
五. 用for或since完成下列句子。
1. Jill is in Ireland now. She arrived there three days ago.
She has been there for three days.
2. Jack is here. He arrived here on Tuesday.
He has ______________________________.
3. I know Sue. I first met Sue two years ago.
I’ve _______________________________________________.
been here since Tuesday
known Sue since two years ago. / for two years
4. I have a camera. I bought it in 1989.
_________________________________________.
5. Dave plays the piano. He started when he was seven years old.
__________________________________________________.
I have had the camera since 1989
Dave has played the piano since he was seven years old
1. Do the other exercises.