2023年高考英语专题复习：定语从句（2）考法、易错点、模拟题课件（25张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2023年高考英语专题复习：定语从句（2）考法、易错点、模拟题课件（25张PPT） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 341.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-11-01 14:19:53 | ||
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(共25张PPT)
专题九 定语从句
第2讲 定语从句考法、易错点
必备知识 整合提升
核心考法 重难突破
易混知识 易错清单
定语从句
强化模拟 限时训练
核心考法
重难突破
考法一 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法
考法二 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
考法一 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法
考法讲解
关系代词that/which/who/whom/as在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whose作定语，表示所属关系。关系副词where/when/why在定语从句中作状语。做题时首先要找准先行词，然后分析定语从句缺少的成分，如果从句中缺主语、宾语、表语或定语，则用关系代词；如果从句中缺状语，则用关系副词或“介词＋关系代词”。
另外，考生应重点掌握that与which、as与which引导定语从句时的区别。
例题讲解
[全国新高考Ⅱ2021·59]I decided that if I learned of a company ______ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
句意为：我决定如果得知哪家公司使用了大量塑料制品的话，我就会发一封邮件敦促这家公司缩减塑料消耗。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词为a company，指物。故填which或that。
考法一 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法
考法一 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法
例题讲解
[天津2021年6月· 7改编]In the spring, a season ______ we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the natural world.
句意为：春天是一个让我们了解生命新节律的季节，在春天，我们中的许多人都会在自然界中找到慰藉。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示时间的a season，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以要用关系副词when引导该从句。
考法一 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法
例题讲解
[全国Ⅰ2020·63]Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot______it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
句意为：由于月球自身遮挡了(地球)与探测器之间直接的无线电通信，中国必须先将一颗卫星送入月球上方轨道的一个位置，在那里它能够向航天器和地球发送信号。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词spot，且引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导，故填where。
考法一 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法
例题讲解
[全国Ⅲ2020·61]In ancient China lived an artist______paintings were almost lifelike.
句意为：中国古代有一位画家，他的画作几乎栩栩如生。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词artist，且在从句中作paintings的定语，两者之间是所属关系，应用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。
单句语法填空
1．Currently AI is used mostly in the tech industry, ______ it has created efficiency and produced new products and services.
2．Jamaria's school made an announcement that it would hold a baking sale in 2017, ______ was a perfect chance to try out Jamaria's plan.
3．An expert in Chinese character culture has been invited to the campus, ______ major responsibility is to teach students how to use the ancient printing technology.
考法训练
where
which
whose
单句语法填空
4．A nurse, ______has worked in the front line for a week, could only give an air hug to her visiting daughter from a safe distance.
5．Researchers at a Massachusetts' university are creating the first robot ______ can constantly change its shape according to the task it has to do.
6．Working as an IT consultant was one of the best and most challenging jobs______I had ever had.
考法训练
who
that
that
考法二 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
考法讲解
解答此类题注意两点：
(1)选择介词时，主要看与先行词、从句中谓语动词或形容词的搭配；
(2)选择关系代词时，先行词是物，则只能用which；先行词是人，则只能用whom。表所属关系时，用whose。
例题讲解
考法二 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
He wrote many children's books, nearly half ______ were published in the 1990s.
句意为：他写了许多儿童读物，其中几乎有一半的书是在二十世纪九十年代出版的。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词children's books，先行词指物，从句中缺少主语，结合句意，应用“half＋of＋关系词”引导定语从句。故填of which。
单句语法填空
7．Detectives are investigating the company, three of______senior executives have already been under arrest.
8．During the visit, I tasted various delicious local foods, among ______ I liked seafood best.
考法训练
which
whose
易混知识
易错清单
易混：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
区别点 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
从句与 先行词 的关系 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句意思不完整。 从句只是对主句的附加说明，如果省去，主句意思不受影响。
标点 从句和主句之间不用逗号隔开。 从句和主句之间用逗号隔开。
关系词 关系代词(that/which/whom)作宾语时可以省略。 关系代词作宾语不能省略；不能用that引导。
先行词 从句只修饰主句中的名词或代词。 从句可修饰主句中的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。
易混：定语从句与其他从句的混淆
(1)定语从句与并列句的混淆。
判断句子是定语从句还是并列句，关键看题干中第二个句子前是否有and, but等并列连词或分号等。如果有，则为并列句；反之则为定语从句。
例如：怀特先生有三个儿子，他们都很勇敢。
Mr.White has three sons, all of whom are brave.(定语从句)
Mr.White has three sons, and all of them are brave.(并列句)
Mr.White has three sons; all of them are brave.(并列句)
此句还可表达为：Mr.White has three sons, all of them brave.(all of them brave为独立主格结构)
易混：定语从句与其他从句的混淆
(2)as引导的非限制性定语从句与what引导的主语从句以及it作形式主语时的主语从句的混淆。
①as引导的非限制性定语从句放在句首时，其后用逗号与主句隔开，as 既是引导词，又在从句中作成分。
②what在引导的主语从句中既作成分又起连接作用。
③it在句中只作形式主语。
例如：众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
As is known to us all, China is a developing country.(As引导非限制性定语从句)
What is known to us all is that China is a developing country.(What引导主语从句)
It is known to us all that China is a developing country.(It作形式主语， that从句是真正的主语)
易混：定语从句中的主谓一致
(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数与其指代的先行词保持一致。
Mr.Smith, who is now downstairs, is asking to see you.史密斯先生要见你，他现在正在楼下。
The Smiths, who are now downstairs, are asking to see you.史密斯夫妇要见你，他们现在正在楼下。
(2)“(the) one of ＋复数名词”后接定语从句时，从句谓语动词单复数的判断：
①在“one of ＋复数名词”的结构中，先行词为复数名词，从句的谓语动词用复数。
Jack is one of the students who were awarded.
杰克是获奖学生之一。
②在“the (only/very/right) one of ＋复数名词”的结构中，先行词为the one，从句的谓语动词用单数。
Jack is the only one of the students who was awarded.杰克是这些学生中唯一一个获奖的。
易混：way和time后的定语从句的引导词
(1)如果way作先行词，定语从句中缺少方式状语，则从句用in which或that引导，关系词也可省略；如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用which或that引导该从句。若关系词在定语从句中作宾语，也可以省略。
Please tell me the way (in which/that) you worked out the math problems.请告诉我你解出这几道数学题的方法。
I think the way (that/which) he told me is the best.我认为他告诉我的那个方法是最好的。
(2)若time表示“一段时间”，且关系词在从句中作状语，则关系词用when或“at/during＋which”；当time作“次数”讲时，关系词用that，也可省略。
There was a time when/during which we lived in Beijing.有一段时间我们住在北京。
I could hardly remember how many times (that) I've failed.我几乎记不清曾经失败过多少次了。
强化模拟
限时训练
单句填空
1．The roots of the carnival date back to 1833 ______ slavery was abolished.
2．We attended the meeting in the school lecture hall last night, ______ seats more than 300 students.
3．Humans like to live and work in groups. Language is the “cement” (接合剂) ______ holds these groups together.
4．A father, ______ son was 16 years old, was worried because his son had no courage at all.
层级一 单句达标练
when
which
that/which
whose
5．The tea plant grows best in tropical and temperate places ______ rain falls throughout the year.
6．It's a given fact that life is hard, but whatever difficulties occur, those ______ belief is stronger are more likely to overcome them successfully.
7．The food ______ is kept at room temperature spoils easily due to the growth of bacteria.
8．At Pets Corner, we have always tried to apply an honest and moral approach to everything ______ we do.
层级一 单句达标练
where
whose
that/which
that
层级一 单句达标练
9．______ is known to all, Elizabeth, “The Green Lady of Carroll Gardens”， has always had a thing about experimenting.
10．Get yourself familiar with local laws and customs of the countries to______ you are traveling.
As
which
Life pressure can be big enough, so we need to be surrounded by warm phrases, or even some blind confidence. Recently, a new trend—seeking praise from strangers—__1__ (go) popular on social media among China's young people. Many chat groups have been formed to show kindness and support __2__ members. These “in need of praise” chat groups are __3__ reflection of Chinese culture where openly __4__ (seek) and giving praise is uncommon, leading many people to hide their true emotions even from their families.
层级二 语篇提升练
has gone
to
a
seeking
For young people, gaining recognition from peers is more important than getting __5__ (approve) from the older generations. They can feel a sense of belonging and gain encouragement, __6__ is beneficial to their mental health.
As long as people's praise doesn't sound insincere, we are likely __7__ (welcome) it. Being __8__ (rich) recognized for what we do or who we are just feels good. Most of us like praise, because it can raise our spirits, warm our hearts and decrease fears and self doubt.
However, anyone giving or receiving praise in such groups should be __9__ (caution). Such praise comes at a cost. And the biggest risk is the constant emphasis on the “false self”， which __10__ (make) it harder to see the “true self”．
层级二 语篇提升练
approval
which
to welcome
richly
cautious
makes
专题九 定语从句
第2讲 定语从句考法、易错点
必备知识 整合提升
核心考法 重难突破
易混知识 易错清单
定语从句
强化模拟 限时训练
核心考法
重难突破
考法一 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法
考法二 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
考法一 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法
考法讲解
关系代词that/which/who/whom/as在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whose作定语，表示所属关系。关系副词where/when/why在定语从句中作状语。做题时首先要找准先行词，然后分析定语从句缺少的成分，如果从句中缺主语、宾语、表语或定语，则用关系代词；如果从句中缺状语，则用关系副词或“介词＋关系代词”。
另外，考生应重点掌握that与which、as与which引导定语从句时的区别。
例题讲解
[全国新高考Ⅱ2021·59]I decided that if I learned of a company ______ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
句意为：我决定如果得知哪家公司使用了大量塑料制品的话，我就会发一封邮件敦促这家公司缩减塑料消耗。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词为a company，指物。故填which或that。
考法一 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法
考法一 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法
例题讲解
[天津2021年6月· 7改编]In the spring, a season ______ we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the natural world.
句意为：春天是一个让我们了解生命新节律的季节，在春天，我们中的许多人都会在自然界中找到慰藉。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示时间的a season，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以要用关系副词when引导该从句。
考法一 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法
例题讲解
[全国Ⅰ2020·63]Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot______it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
句意为：由于月球自身遮挡了(地球)与探测器之间直接的无线电通信，中国必须先将一颗卫星送入月球上方轨道的一个位置，在那里它能够向航天器和地球发送信号。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词spot，且引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导，故填where。
考法一 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法
例题讲解
[全国Ⅲ2020·61]In ancient China lived an artist______paintings were almost lifelike.
句意为：中国古代有一位画家，他的画作几乎栩栩如生。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词artist，且在从句中作paintings的定语，两者之间是所属关系，应用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。
单句语法填空
1．Currently AI is used mostly in the tech industry, ______ it has created efficiency and produced new products and services.
2．Jamaria's school made an announcement that it would hold a baking sale in 2017, ______ was a perfect chance to try out Jamaria's plan.
3．An expert in Chinese character culture has been invited to the campus, ______ major responsibility is to teach students how to use the ancient printing technology.
考法训练
where
which
whose
单句语法填空
4．A nurse, ______has worked in the front line for a week, could only give an air hug to her visiting daughter from a safe distance.
5．Researchers at a Massachusetts' university are creating the first robot ______ can constantly change its shape according to the task it has to do.
6．Working as an IT consultant was one of the best and most challenging jobs______I had ever had.
考法训练
who
that
that
考法二 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
考法讲解
解答此类题注意两点：
(1)选择介词时，主要看与先行词、从句中谓语动词或形容词的搭配；
(2)选择关系代词时，先行词是物，则只能用which；先行词是人，则只能用whom。表所属关系时，用whose。
例题讲解
考法二 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
He wrote many children's books, nearly half ______ were published in the 1990s.
句意为：他写了许多儿童读物，其中几乎有一半的书是在二十世纪九十年代出版的。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词children's books，先行词指物，从句中缺少主语，结合句意，应用“half＋of＋关系词”引导定语从句。故填of which。
单句语法填空
7．Detectives are investigating the company, three of______senior executives have already been under arrest.
8．During the visit, I tasted various delicious local foods, among ______ I liked seafood best.
考法训练
which
whose
易混知识
易错清单
易混：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
区别点 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
从句与 先行词 的关系 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句意思不完整。 从句只是对主句的附加说明，如果省去，主句意思不受影响。
标点 从句和主句之间不用逗号隔开。 从句和主句之间用逗号隔开。
关系词 关系代词(that/which/whom)作宾语时可以省略。 关系代词作宾语不能省略；不能用that引导。
先行词 从句只修饰主句中的名词或代词。 从句可修饰主句中的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。
易混：定语从句与其他从句的混淆
(1)定语从句与并列句的混淆。
判断句子是定语从句还是并列句，关键看题干中第二个句子前是否有and, but等并列连词或分号等。如果有，则为并列句；反之则为定语从句。
例如：怀特先生有三个儿子，他们都很勇敢。
Mr.White has three sons, all of whom are brave.(定语从句)
Mr.White has three sons, and all of them are brave.(并列句)
Mr.White has three sons; all of them are brave.(并列句)
此句还可表达为：Mr.White has three sons, all of them brave.(all of them brave为独立主格结构)
易混：定语从句与其他从句的混淆
(2)as引导的非限制性定语从句与what引导的主语从句以及it作形式主语时的主语从句的混淆。
①as引导的非限制性定语从句放在句首时，其后用逗号与主句隔开，as 既是引导词，又在从句中作成分。
②what在引导的主语从句中既作成分又起连接作用。
③it在句中只作形式主语。
例如：众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
As is known to us all, China is a developing country.(As引导非限制性定语从句)
What is known to us all is that China is a developing country.(What引导主语从句)
It is known to us all that China is a developing country.(It作形式主语， that从句是真正的主语)
易混：定语从句中的主谓一致
(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数与其指代的先行词保持一致。
Mr.Smith, who is now downstairs, is asking to see you.史密斯先生要见你，他现在正在楼下。
The Smiths, who are now downstairs, are asking to see you.史密斯夫妇要见你，他们现在正在楼下。
(2)“(the) one of ＋复数名词”后接定语从句时，从句谓语动词单复数的判断：
①在“one of ＋复数名词”的结构中，先行词为复数名词，从句的谓语动词用复数。
Jack is one of the students who were awarded.
杰克是获奖学生之一。
②在“the (only/very/right) one of ＋复数名词”的结构中，先行词为the one，从句的谓语动词用单数。
Jack is the only one of the students who was awarded.杰克是这些学生中唯一一个获奖的。
易混：way和time后的定语从句的引导词
(1)如果way作先行词，定语从句中缺少方式状语，则从句用in which或that引导，关系词也可省略；如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用which或that引导该从句。若关系词在定语从句中作宾语，也可以省略。
Please tell me the way (in which/that) you worked out the math problems.请告诉我你解出这几道数学题的方法。
I think the way (that/which) he told me is the best.我认为他告诉我的那个方法是最好的。
(2)若time表示“一段时间”，且关系词在从句中作状语，则关系词用when或“at/during＋which”；当time作“次数”讲时，关系词用that，也可省略。
There was a time when/during which we lived in Beijing.有一段时间我们住在北京。
I could hardly remember how many times (that) I've failed.我几乎记不清曾经失败过多少次了。
强化模拟
限时训练
单句填空
1．The roots of the carnival date back to 1833 ______ slavery was abolished.
2．We attended the meeting in the school lecture hall last night, ______ seats more than 300 students.
3．Humans like to live and work in groups. Language is the “cement” (接合剂) ______ holds these groups together.
4．A father, ______ son was 16 years old, was worried because his son had no courage at all.
层级一 单句达标练
when
which
that/which
whose
5．The tea plant grows best in tropical and temperate places ______ rain falls throughout the year.
6．It's a given fact that life is hard, but whatever difficulties occur, those ______ belief is stronger are more likely to overcome them successfully.
7．The food ______ is kept at room temperature spoils easily due to the growth of bacteria.
8．At Pets Corner, we have always tried to apply an honest and moral approach to everything ______ we do.
层级一 单句达标练
where
whose
that/which
that
层级一 单句达标练
9．______ is known to all, Elizabeth, “The Green Lady of Carroll Gardens”， has always had a thing about experimenting.
10．Get yourself familiar with local laws and customs of the countries to______ you are traveling.
As
which
Life pressure can be big enough, so we need to be surrounded by warm phrases, or even some blind confidence. Recently, a new trend—seeking praise from strangers—__1__ (go) popular on social media among China's young people. Many chat groups have been formed to show kindness and support __2__ members. These “in need of praise” chat groups are __3__ reflection of Chinese culture where openly __4__ (seek) and giving praise is uncommon, leading many people to hide their true emotions even from their families.
层级二 语篇提升练
has gone
to
a
seeking
For young people, gaining recognition from peers is more important than getting __5__ (approve) from the older generations. They can feel a sense of belonging and gain encouragement, __6__ is beneficial to their mental health.
As long as people's praise doesn't sound insincere, we are likely __7__ (welcome) it. Being __8__ (rich) recognized for what we do or who we are just feels good. Most of us like praise, because it can raise our spirits, warm our hearts and decrease fears and self doubt.
However, anyone giving or receiving praise in such groups should be __9__ (caution). Such praise comes at a cost. And the biggest risk is the constant emphasis on the “false self”， which __10__ (make) it harder to see the “true self”．
层级二 语篇提升练
approval
which
to welcome
richly
cautious
makes