2023年高考英语专题复习：情态动词和虚拟语气(2) 课件（21张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2023年高考英语专题复习：情态动词和虚拟语气(2) 课件（21张PPT） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-11-01 14:25:39 | ||
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(共21张PPT)
专题八 情态动词和虚拟语气
第2讲 情态动词和虚拟语气（2）
必备知识 整合提升
核心考法 重难突破
易混知识 易错清单
情态动词和虚拟语气
强化模拟 限时训练
核心考法
重难突破
考法一 考查情态动词的基本用法
考法二 考查情态动词+have done的用法
考法三 考查虚拟语气的用法
考法一 考查情态动词的基本用法
考法讲解
(1)表示推测
①can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性。②表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，在肯定句中常用must, should/ought to, may, might或could表示推测。其中，must的语气最强；should次之，表示“按理应该”；may, might, could语气最弱。③在否定句中表示推测常用may not, might not, shouldn't, can't, couldn't。其中，can't与couldn't的否定语气较强。④在疑问句中表示推测用can, could。
情态动词的基本用法是历年高考的重难点，主要考查：
考法一 考查情态动词的基本用法
考法讲解
情态动词的基本用法是历年高考的重难点，主要考查：
(2)表示请求、建议、命令、允许、允诺、禁止等。表示请求时，可用may, can, could；表示允许时，可用may, can；而must与mustn't可以表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈；shall与第二、三人称连用，用来表达说话者给对方以命令或指示，当陈述法律、规定时，也用shall表达；should 可表示出乎意料的语气，意为“竟然，居然”。
在语法填空中常考查情态动词之后动词的形式，如含情态动词的被动语态等。
考法一 考查冠词的基本用法
例题讲解
[天津2020年7月·1改编]
Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
句意为：吉姆说，只要我们保持屋子整洁，就可以待在他家。根据语境并结合句意可知，此处表示许可；can意为“可以”，表许可，符合语境。
单句语法填空
1．According to a newly released regulation on online video services, no one______generate, release or spread fake news or information by using technology.
2．When I was young, I was told that I ______ play with fire.
3．Whatever your field ______ be, it's very important to create a good habit to read beyond your horizons.
4．If you______go, at least wait until the storm is over.
5．There are over 50，000 characters in modern Chinese but luckily, Chinese children______learn all of them for everyday purpose.
考法训练
shall
mustn’t
may/might
must
needn’t
考法二 考查情态动词+have done的用法
考法讲解
该用法是高考的难点，考查形式为根据语境填写适当的情态动词，或给出动词，让考生填写情态动词后的动词形式。考生要重点掌握以下结构的用法：must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测；may/might have done意为“也许/或许已经做了”；could have done意为“本来能够做(实际上未做)”；should have done意为“本应该做(实际上没做)”；needn't have done意为“本不必做(实际上做了)”。
考法二 考查冠词的固定搭配或习惯用法
例题讲解
[天津2021年6月·15改编]
—I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
—Well, you never know! You ______ (make) a better impression than you think.
句意为：——我真的认为我不会被录取。——很难说。你(给他们)留下的印象可能要比你认为的更好。根据句意可知，此处表示可能留下了更好的印象，是对过去情况的推测。应用could/may/might have done sth.，故填could/may/might have made。
单句语法填空
6．He______have finished writing the paper. He hadn't written a single word when I left him fifty minutes ago.
7．Now he was sure they ______ have been dropped somewhere inside the store.
考法训练
can’t
must
考法三 考查虚拟语气的用法
考法讲解
(1)考查虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法：与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词通常用were)，主句谓语动词用“should/would/could/might＋动词原形”；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”，主句谓语动词用“should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词”；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式或“were to/should＋动词原形”，主句谓语动词用“should/would/could/might＋动词原形”。
(2)考查wish后的宾语从句，表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句，as if/as though引导的从句，It is (high) time后的that从句中虚拟语气的用法。
考法三 考查抽象名词和物质名词前冠词的用法
例题讲解
[天津2018·15改编] If we ______ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.
句意为：如果我们昨天赶上了飞机，现在我们就应该在沙滩上享受假期了。根据句中的yesterday和would be enjoying可知，从句是对过去事实的假设，应用过去完成时，故填had caught。本句为错综时间虚拟语气，从句是对过去事实的假设，主句是对现在事实的假设。
单句语法填空
8．First of all, I suggest that you ______ (read) English words, sentences and short articles aloud every morning.
9．George can't have passed the driving test. If so, he ______ (drive) his car to our college yesterday.
10． In conclusion, it is high time that we ______ (attach) importance to outside reading.
11．If he had been taken good care of, he ______(fall) ill.
考法训练
(should) read
would have driven
attached/should attach
wouldn’t have fallen
易混知识
易错清单
易混：对情态动词表示推测的误用
高考对情态动词表示推测的考查集中在must, may, might, can, could的用法上。
must用于肯定的陈述句中，表示肯定的推测，语气最强；may, might用于肯定和否定的陈述句中，表示可能性不大的推测，语气较弱；can用于肯定的陈述句中，表示对客观可能性的推测；can, could用于否定的陈述句和疑问句中表推测，比may/might语气强。
We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet.今晚我们可能去看电影，但还没确定。(可能性不大的推测)
Accidents can happen on such rainy days.
在这样多雨的日子可能会发生事故。(对客观可能性的推测)
She can't have left school, for her bike is still here.她不可能离开学校了，因为她的自行车还在这里。(对过去的推测，语气强)
易混：不同句式或不同时间的虚拟语气的混淆
情态动词表虚拟是英语语法中的一个难点，不同句式及不同时间的表达形式不尽相同，所以在平时学习中要熟记不同句式的虚拟形式。做题时，根据题干中的时间信息，正确判断与何时的事实相反，从而作出正确的选择。
He would lose weight, but he eats too much.他本来要减肥的，但是他吃得太多了。(根据he eats too much可知是对现在的虚拟，根据对现在虚拟的形式可知，第一个分句谓语用“would＋动词原形”)
I would rather you had seen the film yesterday.我倒希望你昨天就看了这部电影。(由yesterday以及would rather后的从句为虚拟语气可知，从句谓语用“had＋过去分词”)
The workers' requirement was that their working conditions be improved.工人们的要求是他们的工作条件要得到改善。(requirement后的表语从句中谓语应用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略)
强化模拟
限时训练
单句填空
1．But the firefighters failed to save the dog's owner because if they ______ (walk) onto the mud, they would have sunk, too.
2．He must ______ (see) the film, for he knew the ending at the beginning.
3．If I ______ (be) at home in Cambodia, I would have to go outdoors.
4．I am sorry I am very busy now. If I ______ (have) time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.
层级一 单句达标练
had walked
have seen
were
had
5．According to the local law, no one ______ enter the building site without permission.
6．Jane could ______ (come) to the party, but she could not find the exact time.
7．He was greatly shocked at the man's taking office.Never did he expect that the voters ______ be so unreasonable.
8．It's time that we ______ (do) something quickly.
9．If teens see that their physical condition is causing them to perform badly, they may ______ (motivate) to do other activities to get healthy.
10．My shopping list was long and my wallet was light.Still, I needed to get a week's food for my family.I parked my car, looked down at my list, and hoped I ______ pay for it all.
层级一 单句达标练
shall
could have come
should
did/should do
be motivated
could
Keeping a diary in English is an __1__ (effect) way to improve our English writing abilities. __2__ (compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes less time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. If we persist in this practice, __3__ (gradual) we will learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many difficulties. In the first place, __4__ happens that we have trouble __5__ (express) our minds with appropriate words and phrases.
层级二 语篇提升练
effective
Compared
gradually
it
expressing
Second, there exist Chinese idiomatic __6__ (phrase) but it is extremely hard for us to put them in English properly.
My suggestion is that a notebook __7__ (keep) and a Chinese English dictionary be __8__ our reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook __9__ consult our dictionary then. In short, I firmly believe that keeping a diary __10__ (contribute) a lot to the development of our writing skills.
层级二 语篇提升练
phrases
be kept
within
and
contributes
专题八 情态动词和虚拟语气
第2讲 情态动词和虚拟语气（2）
必备知识 整合提升
核心考法 重难突破
易混知识 易错清单
情态动词和虚拟语气
强化模拟 限时训练
核心考法
重难突破
考法一 考查情态动词的基本用法
考法二 考查情态动词+have done的用法
考法三 考查虚拟语气的用法
考法一 考查情态动词的基本用法
考法讲解
(1)表示推测
①can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性。②表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，在肯定句中常用must, should/ought to, may, might或could表示推测。其中，must的语气最强；should次之，表示“按理应该”；may, might, could语气最弱。③在否定句中表示推测常用may not, might not, shouldn't, can't, couldn't。其中，can't与couldn't的否定语气较强。④在疑问句中表示推测用can, could。
情态动词的基本用法是历年高考的重难点，主要考查：
考法一 考查情态动词的基本用法
考法讲解
情态动词的基本用法是历年高考的重难点，主要考查：
(2)表示请求、建议、命令、允许、允诺、禁止等。表示请求时，可用may, can, could；表示允许时，可用may, can；而must与mustn't可以表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈；shall与第二、三人称连用，用来表达说话者给对方以命令或指示，当陈述法律、规定时，也用shall表达；should 可表示出乎意料的语气，意为“竟然，居然”。
在语法填空中常考查情态动词之后动词的形式，如含情态动词的被动语态等。
考法一 考查冠词的基本用法
例题讲解
[天津2020年7月·1改编]
Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
句意为：吉姆说，只要我们保持屋子整洁，就可以待在他家。根据语境并结合句意可知，此处表示许可；can意为“可以”，表许可，符合语境。
单句语法填空
1．According to a newly released regulation on online video services, no one______generate, release or spread fake news or information by using technology.
2．When I was young, I was told that I ______ play with fire.
3．Whatever your field ______ be, it's very important to create a good habit to read beyond your horizons.
4．If you______go, at least wait until the storm is over.
5．There are over 50，000 characters in modern Chinese but luckily, Chinese children______learn all of them for everyday purpose.
考法训练
shall
mustn’t
may/might
must
needn’t
考法二 考查情态动词+have done的用法
考法讲解
该用法是高考的难点，考查形式为根据语境填写适当的情态动词，或给出动词，让考生填写情态动词后的动词形式。考生要重点掌握以下结构的用法：must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测；may/might have done意为“也许/或许已经做了”；could have done意为“本来能够做(实际上未做)”；should have done意为“本应该做(实际上没做)”；needn't have done意为“本不必做(实际上做了)”。
考法二 考查冠词的固定搭配或习惯用法
例题讲解
[天津2021年6月·15改编]
—I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
—Well, you never know! You ______ (make) a better impression than you think.
句意为：——我真的认为我不会被录取。——很难说。你(给他们)留下的印象可能要比你认为的更好。根据句意可知，此处表示可能留下了更好的印象，是对过去情况的推测。应用could/may/might have done sth.，故填could/may/might have made。
单句语法填空
6．He______have finished writing the paper. He hadn't written a single word when I left him fifty minutes ago.
7．Now he was sure they ______ have been dropped somewhere inside the store.
考法训练
can’t
must
考法三 考查虚拟语气的用法
考法讲解
(1)考查虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法：与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词通常用were)，主句谓语动词用“should/would/could/might＋动词原形”；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”，主句谓语动词用“should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词”；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式或“were to/should＋动词原形”，主句谓语动词用“should/would/could/might＋动词原形”。
(2)考查wish后的宾语从句，表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句，as if/as though引导的从句，It is (high) time后的that从句中虚拟语气的用法。
考法三 考查抽象名词和物质名词前冠词的用法
例题讲解
[天津2018·15改编] If we ______ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.
句意为：如果我们昨天赶上了飞机，现在我们就应该在沙滩上享受假期了。根据句中的yesterday和would be enjoying可知，从句是对过去事实的假设，应用过去完成时，故填had caught。本句为错综时间虚拟语气，从句是对过去事实的假设，主句是对现在事实的假设。
单句语法填空
8．First of all, I suggest that you ______ (read) English words, sentences and short articles aloud every morning.
9．George can't have passed the driving test. If so, he ______ (drive) his car to our college yesterday.
10． In conclusion, it is high time that we ______ (attach) importance to outside reading.
11．If he had been taken good care of, he ______(fall) ill.
考法训练
(should) read
would have driven
attached/should attach
wouldn’t have fallen
易混知识
易错清单
易混：对情态动词表示推测的误用
高考对情态动词表示推测的考查集中在must, may, might, can, could的用法上。
must用于肯定的陈述句中，表示肯定的推测，语气最强；may, might用于肯定和否定的陈述句中，表示可能性不大的推测，语气较弱；can用于肯定的陈述句中，表示对客观可能性的推测；can, could用于否定的陈述句和疑问句中表推测，比may/might语气强。
We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet.今晚我们可能去看电影，但还没确定。(可能性不大的推测)
Accidents can happen on such rainy days.
在这样多雨的日子可能会发生事故。(对客观可能性的推测)
She can't have left school, for her bike is still here.她不可能离开学校了，因为她的自行车还在这里。(对过去的推测，语气强)
易混：不同句式或不同时间的虚拟语气的混淆
情态动词表虚拟是英语语法中的一个难点，不同句式及不同时间的表达形式不尽相同，所以在平时学习中要熟记不同句式的虚拟形式。做题时，根据题干中的时间信息，正确判断与何时的事实相反，从而作出正确的选择。
He would lose weight, but he eats too much.他本来要减肥的，但是他吃得太多了。(根据he eats too much可知是对现在的虚拟，根据对现在虚拟的形式可知，第一个分句谓语用“would＋动词原形”)
I would rather you had seen the film yesterday.我倒希望你昨天就看了这部电影。(由yesterday以及would rather后的从句为虚拟语气可知，从句谓语用“had＋过去分词”)
The workers' requirement was that their working conditions be improved.工人们的要求是他们的工作条件要得到改善。(requirement后的表语从句中谓语应用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略)
强化模拟
限时训练
单句填空
1．But the firefighters failed to save the dog's owner because if they ______ (walk) onto the mud, they would have sunk, too.
2．He must ______ (see) the film, for he knew the ending at the beginning.
3．If I ______ (be) at home in Cambodia, I would have to go outdoors.
4．I am sorry I am very busy now. If I ______ (have) time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.
层级一 单句达标练
had walked
have seen
were
had
5．According to the local law, no one ______ enter the building site without permission.
6．Jane could ______ (come) to the party, but she could not find the exact time.
7．He was greatly shocked at the man's taking office.Never did he expect that the voters ______ be so unreasonable.
8．It's time that we ______ (do) something quickly.
9．If teens see that their physical condition is causing them to perform badly, they may ______ (motivate) to do other activities to get healthy.
10．My shopping list was long and my wallet was light.Still, I needed to get a week's food for my family.I parked my car, looked down at my list, and hoped I ______ pay for it all.
层级一 单句达标练
shall
could have come
should
did/should do
be motivated
could
Keeping a diary in English is an __1__ (effect) way to improve our English writing abilities. __2__ (compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes less time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. If we persist in this practice, __3__ (gradual) we will learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many difficulties. In the first place, __4__ happens that we have trouble __5__ (express) our minds with appropriate words and phrases.
层级二 语篇提升练
effective
Compared
gradually
it
expressing
Second, there exist Chinese idiomatic __6__ (phrase) but it is extremely hard for us to put them in English properly.
My suggestion is that a notebook __7__ (keep) and a Chinese English dictionary be __8__ our reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook __9__ consult our dictionary then. In short, I firmly believe that keeping a diary __10__ (contribute) a lot to the development of our writing skills.
层级二 语篇提升练
phrases
be kept
within
and
contributes