【中国好题源】（含答案解析）人教选修八 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

Unit3 Inventors and inventions
单项选择题
1.【原创】I sleep with the window open unless it`s really cold.
A if B whether C unless D how
【解析】我总是开着窗户睡觉, 除非天气非常冷才关上窗户.unless=if not 除非.
【答案】C
【教材原句】The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.
2. 【原创】The ice is thick enough to your weight.
A bear B beard C beat D beer
【解析】这块冰厚得足以支撑你的重量。bear支撑 <重量、物体>; beard胡须；beat击败；beer啤酒。
【答案】A
【教材原句】I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.
3.【2012·合肥模拟】I tried phoning her office，but I couldn't________.
A．get along B．get on
C．get to D．get through
【解析】考查短语动词辨析。句意：我试着给她办公室打电话，但没有打通。get along进展，相处；get on上车；get to到达；get through接通，通过。依据句意，选D。
【答案】　D
【教材原句】But I need exercise to get through each day.
4. 【2012·福州模拟】It's not easy for experts to ________ A/H1N1 flu in humans from regular human seasonal influenza.
A．distinguish B．separate
C．define D．recognize
【解析】句意：专家不容易把人身上的甲型H1N1流感和常规的季节性流感区分开。distinguish...from...把……和……区分开，符合句意。separate...from...强调把某物从总体中分离出，不符合语境。
【答案】　A
【教材原句】Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.
5.【2012·成都质检】His aunt's letters ________ him of those beautiful days when they used to live together in his hometown.
A．call at B．call for
C．call on D．call up
【解析】call at“拜访”；call for“要求，需要”；call on“访问，号召”；call up“打电话，使想起”。句意为：他姨妈的来信使他想起了那些在他们家乡一起度过的好日子。
【答案】　D
【教材原句】When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.[]
6.【2013届云南省师大附中高三适应性月考】23．一 with us another two hours, I suppose, and we will fulfill the task perfectly．
一Will that do OK, let's have a try．
A．Tb stay B．Staying C．Stay D． Stayed
【答案】C
【解析】祈使句（原形动词）+and + 陈述句。句意：和我们一起再干2个小时，我想我们就会出色的完成任务。
Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
7.【2013届四川雅安中学高三1月考】8.It will be quite a long time _______ she is back again, so don’t be too cross with her.
A. before B. since C. that D. until
【解析】It will be +一段时间+before….“一段时间之后，才…”
【答案】A
The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot.
本单元语法：过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语
8. 【2013届山西太原五中高三12月考】23. When choosing a product, I sometimes try to figure out the meaning___ to its brand name.
A. attaching B. having attached C. to attach D. attached
【解析】能说attach the meaning to its brand name; attach同the meaning之间存在被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。
【答案】D
9.【2012·福州质量检测】The digital dictionary I got ________ the other day cost me a lot.
A．repaired B．repairing
C．to repair D．to be repaired
【解析】get＋动词的过去分词”形式表示被动，意为“使完成(某事)”，符合句意，故选A项。
【答案】A
10.【2012·南宁检测】With the timely help, those ________ in the subway have successfully escaped from the underground.
A．trap B．trapping
C．trapped D．were trapped
【解析】trap和其修饰的代词those之间是动宾关系，故使用过去分词短语作后置定语。“trapped in the subway”译为“被困在地铁里面的”。
【答案】C
完形填空【原创】
Thomas Edison, the youngest of seven children, was born in Milan, Ohio, on February 11, 1847. Home schooled and an avid reader, Edison began his scientific 1 at the age of ten when he built a laboratory in the basement of his 2 .Edison's early experimentation was almost 3 when his mother became 4 of bad odors and fumes filling the house.
Edison left the laboratory 5 for a career as a "candy butcher" on the Grand Trunk Railway in 1859, selling candy, dried fruit, snacks and newspapers. Three years later he made history when he began to publish his own 6 , the Weekly Herald, aboard the train. The first newspaper to be 7 aboard a moving train, the Weekly Herald, was printed on a secondhand printing press Edison 8 in the baggage car of the train. In 1863, he began his first 9 as a "tramp telegrapher," going from place to place including Ontario, Cincinatti and Nashville, 10 his skills 11 a telegrapher. He finally 12 in Boston, working the New York wire for Western Union.
It was in Boston that Edison began experimenting in a more professional 13 than ever before, first studying Michael Farady's writings on electricity. His first patent in 1868, was a vote recorder which sped up, through 14 messages, the counting of votes for assemblies and meetings. Finding no 15 for his first invention, he formed a policy to 16 attempt to invent anything 17 he was 18 there was a commercial 19 for it. His next 20 demonstrated his commitment to this ideal, a stock ticker that would bring brokers Wall Street quotations more quickly.
1. A experiments B reports C discoveries D inventions
2. A city B house C factory D town
3. A began B continued C ended D stopped
4. A angry B happy C tired D terrified
5. A behind B front C back D away
6. A magazine B book C article D newspaper
7. A bought B published C sold D came
8. A set off B set out C set up D set in
9. A career B job C work D profession
10. A providing B supplying C offering D giving
11. A for B with C to D as
12. A worked B settled C moved D got
13. A way B attitude C theory D measure
14. A historical B musical C electrical D physical
15. A seller B buyer C designer D inventor
16. A always B sometimes C seldom D never
17. A unless B if C when D how
18. A uncertain B worried C sure D concerned
19. A answer B reply C respond D demand
20. A aim B invention C step D key
【解析】
1. A 爱迪生10岁开始，就在建了实验室做实验（experiments）。
1. B 在家（house）里,间的实验室。其他三项不符合他10岁的年龄。
1. D 因为母亲厌烦（be tired of）,他的实验差一点因此而停止（stop）。
1. C 同上。
1. A leave behind（遗留，留下）。
1. D 根据后面的The first newspaper to be 7 可知答案。
1. B 报纸被出版。
1. C printing press（印刷机）被安装（set up）。
1. A 后面的as a "tramp telegrapher ，可以看出，是一种职业（career）。
1. C offer主动提供，符合语境。
1. D as a telegrapher.做为一名发报员。
1. B 全家定居(settled)波士顿。
1. A in a …way“以一种….的方式”。
1. C 根据上句first studying Michael Farady's writings on electricity.中的electricity。
1. B 发现他的专利没有购买者（buyer）,后面的commercial给出暗示。
1. D 除非（unless）他确定（sure）有商业需求（demand）他绝不会再发明任何东西。
1. A 同上
1. C 同上
1. D 同上
1. B 他的下一个发明（invention）,符合语境。
阅读理解
A 【原创】
Although becoming a successful inventor can be tough, it is doable. As a would-be entrepreneur, you have an endless resource to tap: your mind. But the process is a bit more complicated than just coming up with ideas. You have to know how to turn those ideas into a working product and how to protect your intellectual property.[]
Study and become a student of logic. Understanding basic logic principles greatly helps with Step Brainstorm your ideas. Study how things work and note problems and inefficiencies. Then come up with solutions.
Conduct your own research. You need to make sure your idea is original, and you need to know the market for your product.
Decide if you will apply for a patent. A patent protects your idea by preventing others from copying it. However, the process is long and expensive, so make sure your idea is worth the money and effort before you apply.
Write a business plan. This should include information about the product, your company, customers, market, competition, and risks involved. See eHow article, "How to Write a Business Plan" for help.
Market your invention. Get some professional-looking brochures. Consider a website. Send personalized letters to companies who sell products similar to yours.
Realize you have a potential to make money. You have several options here: sell the rights and patent to your idea altogether, "rent" the right to use your idea through a licensing agreement, or create, market and sell your idea yourself.
Topic: the 1 of becoming a successful inventor
Study and become a student of logic. ●The basic logical 2 contributes to your understanding the Step.
Brainstorm your ideas. ●based on how things 3 and point out problems and inefficiencies● bring up 4
Conduct your own research. Make your idea 5 and learn about the prospect of the 6 .
Decide if you will apply for a patent. ● apply for a patent to 7 your thoughts.● consider 8 it is worth doing so.
Market your invention. ● use as many 9 as you can to market your invention.
Realize you have a potential to make money. ●Make a better 10 to earn money using your invention.
答案：1. ways (methods) 2. principles 3. work 4. solutions 5. original 6. product
7. protect 8. if(whether) 9. ways 10. choice (options)
B
【山东省济南世纪英华实验中学高二2012-13上学期期末】
Be careful what you say around your dog. It might understand more than you think.
A border collie named Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects, say researchers in Germany. The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child. Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee(黑猩猩).
In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects. Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back. In four tests, Rico got 37 out of 40 mands right. As the dog couldn't see anyone to get clues, the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words.
In another experiment, the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew. The owner then told Rico to fetch the object, using a word the dog had never heard before.
The correct object was chosen in seven out of l0 tests, suggesting that the dog had worked
out the answer by process of elimination(排除法). A month later, Rico remembered half of the new names, which is even more impressive.
Rico is thought to be smarter than the average dog. For one thing, Rico is a border collie, a breed (品种)known for its mental abilities. In addition, the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.
It's hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can't talk back. Still, it wouldn't hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return!
61. From paragraph 2 we know that __ .
A. animals are as clever as human beings
B. dogs are smarter than parrots and chimpanzees[]
C. chimpanzees have very good word-learning skills
D. dogs have similar 'learning abilities as 3-year-old children
62. Both experiments show that .
A. Rico is smart enough to get all mands right
B. Rico can recognize different things including toys
C. Rico has developed the ability of learning mathematics
D. Rico won't forget the names of objects once recognizing them
63. Which of the following statements is true
A. The purpose of the experiments is to show the border collie's mental abilities.
B. Rico has a better memory partly because of its proper early training.
C. The border collie is world-famous for recognizing objects.
D. Rico is born to understand its owner's mands.
64. What does the writer want to tell us
A. To train your dog. B. To talk to your dog.
C. To be friendly to your dog. D. To be careful with your dog.
65．Trough the passage, we can infer EXCEPT_______________.
A. We should make friends with dogs.
B.The dog is our enemy.
C.We should respect dogs.
D.The dog is clever.
【考点】记叙文
【文章大意】本文介绍了一个聪明的狗及为了证明它的聪明做了两个实验来说明问题。最后还提到要善待我的朋友—狗。
61.【答案】C
【试题解析】细节题。从第二段段Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee(黑猩猩).可知。
【难度】较易
62. 【答案】B
【试题解析】细节题。根据the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words.和with seven toys whose names the dog already knew.可知答案。
【难度】较易
63. 【答案】B
【试题解析】推理判断题。 根据In addition, the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.可知B 正确。
【难度】较易
64. 【答案】C
【试题解析】推理判断题。 根据Still, it wouldn't hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return!可知C正确。
【难度】一般
65. 【答案】B
【试题解析】推理判断题。 文章没提到B项。其他三项都能根据文章作出判断
【难度】一般
C
【山东省济南世纪英华实验中学高二2012-13上学期期末】
I’ve loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to sit above the top of it. Mother sat writing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be a most wonderful thing in the world.
Years later, during her final illness, Mother kept different things for my sister and brother. “But the desk,” she said again, “is for Elizabeth.”
I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed in action. But as a young girl. I wanted to have heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.
They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional (易动感情的)”. But she lived “on the surface (表面)”.
As years passed and I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.
My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace – it seemed that nothing happened. I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to Mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.
But the present of her desk told me, as she’d never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside – a photo of my father and a one-paper letter, folded and refolded many times. It was my letter.
“In any way you choose, Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.”
66．The writer began to love her mother’s desk________.
A．after Mother died B．before she became a writer
C．when she was a child D．when Mother gave it to her
67．The passage shows that_________.
A．Mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughter
B．Mother was too serious about her daughter in words
C．Mother wrote to her daughter in careful words
D．Mother wrote to her daughter in careless words
68．The underlined word “gulf” in the passage means_______.
A．deep understanding between the old and the young
B．different ideas between mother and daughter
C．free talks between mother and daughter
D．part of the sea going far in land
69．What did Mother do with her daughter’s letter asking for forgiveness
A．She had never received the letter.
B．For years, she often talked about the letter.
C．She didn’t forgive her daughter at all in all her life.
D．She read the letter again and again till she died.[]
70．What’s best title of the passage
A．My letter to Mother B．Mother and children
C．My Mother’s Desk D．Talks between Mother and me
【考点】记叙文
【文章大意】文章讲述了一位母亲深爱自己的女儿，而女儿却产生了误会，直到最后看到了母亲在天天看她给母亲的信，才明白------母亲是深爱自己的。
66.【答案】C
【试题解析】细节题。从文章首句I’ve loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to sit above the top of it.可知。
【难度】较易
67. 【答案】A
【试题解析】推理判断题。.根据最后一句. “In any way you choose, Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.”可得知A正确。
【难度】一般
68. 【答案】B
【试题解析】推理判断题。 根据上文I wanted to have heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.和They never happened.可知B 正确。
【难度】一般
69.【答案】D
【试题解析】细节理解题。 根据 a photo of my father and a one-paper letter, folded and refolded many times. It was my letter.可知D正确。
【难度】一般
70. 【答案】C
【试题解析】主旨大意题。 文章开头就提到I’ve loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to sit above the top of it. 第二段Years later, during her final illness, Mother kept different things for my sister and brother. “But the desk,” she said again, “is for Elizabeth.”
还有倒数第二段But the present of her desk told me,综上看出desk贯穿全文，所以答案为C。
【难度】一般
书面表达
近来，CCTV开展了幸福满意度调查，对于什么是幸福，人们说法不一。请你根据下面表格中的提示，写一篇120词左右的短文。
人们的观点 幸福的秘诀 你对于幸福的理解[来源:中教网]
1．幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在 自己身边。 2．幸福意味着在某个方面取得成 功。 3．幸福意味着过一天没有病痛折 磨的日子。 1．欣赏生活中积极美好 的东西。 2．保持乐观的心态。 1．幸福应该是一种持久的 快乐，它会触及我们灵 魂的深处。 2．……(自己的观点)
注意：1．短文标题，开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；
2．内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。
What is happiness
Recently, a survey on What is happiness has been conducted by CCTV. People react to the question in different ways.
【参考范文】
Recently, a survey as to happiness has been conducted by CCTV. People react to the question in different ways.
To some, happiness is being surrounded by family and friends. To others, happiness means achieving success in something, such as meeting a goal. To those who have been injured or struggle with a physical disability, happiness can simply mean a day without suffering, or just being alive.
The secret to happiness is to have appreciation for the good and positive things in life and to be always optimistic.
As far as I am concerned, happiness is a deep feeling of joy that often lasts a long time. It should touch the depths of our soul. Optimistic people appear more confident, and are more likely to be approached. So, just try smiling our way through thick and thin and stay away from depression, stress and worry.
【一句多译】
1. To those who have been injured or struggle with a physical disability, happiness can simply mean a day without suffering or just being alive.
改译：In terms of those who are injured or struggling with a physical disability, happiness just means spending a day without suffering or just being alive.
2. The secret to happiness is to have appreciation for the good and positive things in life and to be always optimistic.
改译：The secret to happiness lies in enjoying the good and positive things in life and to be always optimistic.
3. As far as I am concerned, happiness is a deep feeling of joy that often lasts a long time.
改译：In my view, happiness means a lasting feeling of joy.
4. To some, happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.
改译：To some, happiness is living with family and friends.