中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题一 名词(原卷版)
【解密高考】名词考点主要考查:①名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配;②名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数);③名词的所有格;④抽象名词的具体化;⑤名词和冠词的搭配;⑥形容词转化为名词,动词转化为名词。
【命题方向】语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点,主要集中在词性转换、根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词、名词的复数形式、所有格形式的变化等。主谓一致一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。
核心考点1 名词的数
1.可数名词的数(不规则变化)
(1)单、复数同形。如:means,aircraft,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese,sheep。
(2)合成名词的复数。如:boyfriend→boyfriends,go-between→go-betweens(中间人),grown-up→grown-ups,passer- by→passers-by,looker-on→lookers-on, woman doctor→women doctors。
(3)只有复数形式的名词。此类名词往往以复数形式出现,表示“衣服”、“工具”等的总称,不能用具体的数字修饰,也不能加不定冠词a/an,但可以用a pair of/two pairs of,many等修饰。
如:clothes, tights, jeans, pajamas, pants, shorts, socks, stockings, trousers, glasses, chopsticks, compasses, pincers,scissors, scales等;
另外一类总是以复数形式出现,但不能用具体的数字修饰,也不能用a/an,a pair of等修饰,只能用many, a great many, a lot of等修饰。如:belongings, congratulations, contents, earnings, fireworks, goods, leavings, pains, spirits, savings, stairs,surroundings, wages,arms等。
(4)集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people,cattle,police;有些名词只用作单数,如:machinery,furniture,
mankind,jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看作整体,复数看作集体的各个成员。如:The crew is large.船员人数很多(指整体)。The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。
名词的数及词性变化可以在语法填空中进行考查。
【考例1】(2022年全国甲卷) Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ______ (protect). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】protection
【详解】考查名词。句意:Cao和Wu还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和前文promote environmental可知,此处应用其名词形式protection,作动词宾语,此处protection为不可数名词。故填protection。
【考例2】Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)
【答案】Activities
【详解】考查名词。句意:1980年被正式承认的科莫多国家公园因其独特的生物多样性而受到生态旅游的欢迎。从观鲸到徒步旅行,那里有各种各样的活动。分析句子结构可知,设空处位于句首,在句中作主语,根据谓语动词range可知,设空处应填给定的可数名词activity的复数形式。故填Activities。
【考例3】The________(possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
【答案】possibility
【详解】考查名词。句意:宇宙中其他行星上存在生命的可能性一直激励着科学家探索外层空间。该空作句子主语,用名词,that there is life on other planets in the universe是同位语从句,特指“这个可能”,用名词单数,故填possibility。
【考例4】Historical ____ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
【答案】accuracy
【详解】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于形容词historical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
【考例5】The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ________ (transform).
【答案】transformation
【详解】考查名词。句意:许多国家的卫生安全体系正在经历重大变革。作宾语,表示“变革”应用名词transformation,不可数。故填transformation。
【考例6】Filled with __________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
【答案】curiosity
【详解】考查名词。句意:这位艺术家充满了好奇心,收拾行囊离开了。作宾语,应用名词curiosity,表抽象概念,不可数。故填curiosity。
【考例7】I’m not Chinese, but I love Chinese New Year. There are many fun New Year ________(celebrate), but nothing quite matches the excitement of the lion dance which can wake up the spirit completely.
【答案】celebrations
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:我不是中国人,但我喜欢中国人的新年。有很多有趣的新年庆典,但没有什么能完全匹配舞狮的兴奋,它可以完全振奋精神。空处是there be句型的主语,应用名词形式,celebration庆典,庆祝活动,是可数名词,由many可知,此处应用复数形式。故填celebrations。
【考例8】Beautifully restored(修复)to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ________ (marry)ceremony in 1842.
【答案】marriage
【详解】考查名词。句意:这座被精美地修复到它1860年外貌的房子亚伯拉罕和玛丽·林肯生活了17年的家。1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词their可知,此处要用名词形式;结合设空处后的ceremony,可知此处意为“婚礼”;提示词marry意为“婚姻”,其名词形式为marriage,marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
【考例9】Nowadays, the___________(prior)for travelling is shifted(转换)from shopping to food and scenery.
【答案】priority
【详解】考查名词。句意:如今,旅游的重点从购物转向了食品和风景。分析可知,空处为名词做主语,priority表示“优先考虑的事物”,为不可数名词,符合句意。故填priority。
【考例10】(2021全国甲卷) Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people.
【答案】watchtowers
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和瞭望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different(不同的)可知,此处应用可数名词watchtower的复数形式和gates并列作介词at的宾语。故填watchtowers。
【考例11】The far side of the moon is of particular________(interesting) to scientists.
【答案】interest
【详解】考查名词。句意:科学家们对月球的背面特别感兴趣。“be of+n.”结构相当于形容词,故应用interesting的名词interest (不可数) 作介词宾语。故填interest。
【考例12】By about 6000 BC, people had discovered the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the _________ (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
【答案】seasons
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:大约在公元前6000年,人们发现了最好的作物和饲养的动物。后来,他们学会了与季节相适应,在合适的时间种植,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水灌溉他们的田地。根据常识和语境可知,人们开始按照季节更替来种植庄稼,season为可数名词,此处应用其复数形式。故填seasons。
【考例13】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ______ (cause).
【答案】causes
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:一项研究表明,仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。分析句子可知,形容词all修饰可数名词复数。故填causes。
【考例14】My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a __________(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
【答案】scientist
【详解】考查名词。句意:我叫Mireya Mayor,我是一名研究像猿类和猴子这类动物的科学家。分析句子可知,句子“who studies animals such as apes and monkeys”在句中作定语,是定语从句,修饰空格处的名词,根据定语从句句意推知,空格处需填表示职业的名词,science作为名词,表示“科学”的意思,需转换为名词scientist,表示“科学家”的意思,由空格前的不定冠词a可知,名词scientist需用单数形式。故填scientist。
【考例15】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese________(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【详解】考查名词单复数。句意:我认识的人中好像很少有人喜欢或是有时间做饭。制作中式菜肴尤其被认为麻烦。dish是可数名词,其前无单数限定词,故用其复数形式dishes。故填dishes。
核心考点2 名词的功能及词义辨析
名词的功能
(1)可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语Mary is to meet you at the airport.
(2)作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词,这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。
①分类意义
air pollution空气污染;coffee cup咖啡杯;body language身体语言;road accident交通事故;
②时间、地点、称呼等
Doctor Jack杰克医生;Professor Li李教授;evening school夜校;winter sleep冬眠
③表目的、来源、材料、所属意义
reception desk接待台;sports field田径场;stone table石桌;color TV彩电
(3)作状语
名词作状语多为表时间或距离等概念的名词。The war lasted eight years.
(4)作同位语
Tom,our monitor, left school last year.
名词的词义辨析
主要考察单词基本义的引申和拓展、易错的名词固定搭配以及对同义词、近义词的考查等,是高考中名词考点的重要部分。要解决名词词义辨析,需注意平时积累。
词义辨析通常以单选题形式出现
【考例16】He is never satisfied with what he has got. The grass is always greener on the other side of the ____.
A.road B.fence C.wall D.garden
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他对自己所拥有的东西从不满意。这山望着那山高。A. road路;B. fence篱笆,围墙;C. wall墙;D. garden花园。The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.是谚语,意为“这山望着那山高”。故选B。
【考例17】—Americans spend more on health care than most other people .
— You’re right . But a new study shows that life in the United States is falling .
A.development B.position C.experience D.expectancy
【答案】D
【详解】试题分析:句意:--美国人花费在医疗保健的费用比其他的人要多得多。--你是对的。但是新的研究表明人的平均寿命在下降。development 发展; position位置; experience经历;life expectancy平均寿命。根据句意故选D。
考点:考查名词辨析。
点评:本题难度适中。名词辨析是近几年高考的热点,本题是对已学知识点的回顾,需要考生能够理解该题的语言环境,牢记它们的用法及意义。
即学即练: is the father of wisdom.
A. Development B. Position C. Experience D. Expectancy
解析:C。句意: 经验是智慧之父。
【考例18】She has lost only nine games in five matches on the way to the semifinals. Always the perfectionist, she sees room for .
A.achievement B.improvement
C.entertainment D.Amusement
【答案】B
【详解】试题分析:考查名词。句意:她的九场比赛中只有五场是输在了半决赛中的。作为一个完美主义者,她总是在提高自己。A.achievement成就;B. Improvement提高;C. Entertainment娱乐;D. Amusement乐趣;根据词义,可知她是要提高,故选B项。
考点:考查名词
【考例19】【2018·天津】The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A.advice B.order
C.possibility D.invitation
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议;B. order命令;C. possibility可能性;D. invitation邀请。故选C。
点睛:本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句,从句that there is life on other planets in the universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断,宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性,目前无法证明,从而选出正确答案。
【考例20】We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways.
A.statement B.impact
C.impression D.judgment
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们可以观察到人工智能已经在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了影响。A. statement陈述说明;B. impact影响,效果;C. impression印象;D. judgment判断。故选B符合语境。
【考例21】The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
A.reservation B.transformation C.distinction D.submission
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订;B. transformation改革,变革;C. distinction区别;D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知,此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
【考例22】Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science.
A.traditions B.advances C.pressures D.examples
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统;B. advances前进,进步;C. pressures压力;D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知,公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的,advances符合语境。故选B。
【考例23】Nowadays the ________ of travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A.autonomy B.barrier C.prospect D.priority
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:如今旅游的重点从购物转移到食物和风景。A. autonomy自治;B. barrier障碍;C. prospect前景;D. priority重点。根据空后shifted from shopping to food and scenery及常识可知,在旅游中,食物和风景已成为人们优先考虑的事情,此处指旅游重点的转变。故选D项。
核心考点3 名词与主谓一致
高考主谓一致的知识结构
一致原则 考点详解 例句
语法一致 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。 His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not easy.What he said is very important for us all.The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
2. 由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。 Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates.The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
3. 主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,together with,except,but,like,as well as,rather than,more than,no less than, besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。 Mr. Green,together with his wife and children,has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She,like you and Tom,is very tall.
4. either,neither,each,every 或no +单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。 Each of us has a new book.Everything around us is matter.
5. 在定语从句中,关系代词that,who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注:people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:The police are looking for the lost child.
7. 由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,the rest of,the majority of +名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls.注:a number of 与the number of的区别
8. 在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts.
逻辑一致 1. what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。 Which is your bag?Which are your bags?All is going well. All have gone to Beijing.
2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。 Thirty minutes is enough for the work.Ten miles is too long.
3. 若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.
4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式。 One and a half apples is left on the table.
逻辑一致 5. 算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twelve plus eight is twenty.Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6. 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾,如:mathematics,politics,physics 以及news, works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。 The paper works was built in 1990.I think physics isn‘t easy to study.
7. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes,jeans 等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the) pair of等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。 My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
8. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。 The old are taken good care of.
9. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 A large quantity of people is needed here.注意:quantities一般用复数。Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.
10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰不可数名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。 A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
就近一致 1. 当两个主语由either … or, neither … nor,whether … or …,not only …but also连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 Either the teacher or the students are our friends.Neither they nor he is wholly right.
2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。 There are two chairs and a desk in the room.Here引导的句子用法同上。如:Here is a map and a handbook for you.
一、语法一致
就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
【考例24】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 (than) walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示:跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实,故用一般现在时,且主语是it,表示单数概念。故填is。
【考例25】 He is one of the most selfish men that _______ ever lived; that’s why hardly _______ making friends with him.
A. has;anyone likes B. have;does anyone like
C. has;no one likes D. have;anyone likes
【答案】D
【解析】考查主谓一致。that引导的定语从句修饰的是名词复数men,因此定语从句的谓语动词应用have。第一个空考查的是定语从句中谓语动词的单复数,one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词,因此第一个空用have;后半句译为"那就是几乎没有任何人和他交朋友的原因",hardly表示"几乎不",根据句意,后面应是肯定句,故排除C项;hardly作为否定副词放在句首时,句子才使用倒装语序,因此排除B项。故选D项。
二、逻辑一致
谓语动词的数须与主语的意义一致(因有时主语的形式是单数,但意义却为复数;有时主语形式为复数,而意义却为单数)。
【考例26】—________ one and a half months enough for the project to be finished
—I am afraid not. The professor is ill and only after he recovers ________ go on with it.
A.Is; he can B.Are; he can
C.Is; can he D.Are; can he
【答案】C
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:——一个半月足够完成这件工程吗?——恐怕不行,教授生病了,只有当他恢复他才能继续这件事。第一空,将one and a half months 看成一个名词主语,强调这个时间内,故谓语用单数。第二个空考查 only+after从句,主句用部分倒装,故选C项。
【考例27】—The talent show Youth with You ________becoming hotter and hotter online.
—Exactly. Half of our class ________interested in it.
A.is; is B.are; are C.is; are D.are; is
【答案】C
【详解】考查主谓一致和动词的时态。句意:——才艺秀《青春有你》在网上越来越火了。——确实。我们班上一半的人对它感兴趣。根据对话可知,讲述现在的事实用一般现在时态。空一主语是The talent show,是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数is;half +of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。“our class”指的是我们班上的人,是复数概念,此处谓语动词用复数形式are。故选C。
三、就近一致
在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
【考例28】The father as well as his three children ___________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:在冬天的每个星期天下午,这位父亲和他的三个孩子都去结冰的河面上滑冰。当 as well as 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的数应与as well as前面的名词或代词保持一致,即为就远原则。本题的谓语动词应与The father保持一致,用单数形式;由时间状语 every Sunday afternoon可知,本句应用一般现在时。故选C项。
【考例29】The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8,450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.
A. are;is B. are;are C. is;are D. is;is
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:那所大学估计,对国际学生来说,一年的生活开销大约是8450美元,这对他们中某些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是living expenses,是复数,因此谓语动词用复数;第二空的主语是which,指代的是前面整个句子,因此谓语动词用单数。
一、单句语法填空(高考真题)
【2021年】
1. (2021年新高考I卷)
The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
2. (2021年全国甲卷)
Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people…
3. (2021年全国乙卷)
… and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas.
4. (2021年全国乙卷) Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___69___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)
5. (2021年1月浙江卷)
It is calculated by dividing a 30. (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared.
6. (2021年6月浙江卷)
…Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ (marry)ceremony in 1842.
【2020年】
7. (2020·新课标Ⅰ)
The far side of the moon is of particular ___64___ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)...
8. (2020·新课标Ⅱ)
Chinese New Year is a ___61___ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
9. (2020·新课标Ⅲ)
Filled with ___64___ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left...
10. (2020·山东卷)
Historical ___44___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment
11. (2020·浙江卷)
Later,they learned to work with the ___62___ (season),planting at the right time and...
【2019年】
1.【2019·全国卷I】
…increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing.
2. 【2019·全国卷III】
When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it.
3. 【2019·浙江卷】
Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
4. 【2019·北京卷】
…there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day.
【2018年】
1.【2018·全国卷I】
…a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
2. 【2018·全国卷I I】
This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
3. 【2018·全国卷III】
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
4. 【2018·浙江卷】
Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
5. 【2018·浙江卷】
Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
【2017年】
1.(2017·全国卷I)This trend has had some unintended side 62_____ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease.
2.(2017·全国卷I I)This development was only possible with the 69______ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
3.(2017 全国卷III)She has turned down several 67_______(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
4.(2017·浙江卷)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56________ (carrot).
【2016年】
1.(2016·全国新课标I)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61_(attract).
2.(2016·全国新课标II)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve).
3.(2016·全国新课标III)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the 48 (develop)of chopsticks.
二、单项选择
1.We cannot put_________on the importance of protecting our eyes too much.( )
A.emphasis B.ambition C.analysis D.potential
2.The______on Sarah's face told me that she got annoyed.( )
A.confidence B.expression C.appearance D.impression
3.The traditional_______ to handling complicated problems is to break them down into simple ones.( )
A.method B.way C.means D.approach
4.We are sending you some gifts in___of your valuable help.( )
A.acknowledgement B.exchange
C.case D.view
5.On board _______a large quantify of fuel,a ladder with hooked ends,two RPG grenades and a ________of money.( )
A.was,quantify B.were,deal
C.was,amount D.were,number
6.Having a thorough physical examination regularly helps to check for disease that may not have any_________ at first.( )
A.symptom B.signal C.symbol D.similarity
7.The terraces are cleverly designed,with waterways connecting with each other.( )
A.设计;连接 B.设计;清除 C.修改;连接 D.修改;清除
8.Mum's "Little Bank" was used for sudden___________,such as the time when Christine broke her arm and had to be taken to a doctor.( )
A.emergencies B.proposals
C.functions D.individuality
9.The fact that more and more people are willing to enter public education means the increased ________ of and support for teaching among the public and nation.( )
A.realization B.profession
C.recognition D.acquisition
10.All applications welcome,but preference will be given to those with diving _______.( )
A.waist B.qualifications
C.salary D.leisure
11.When you are traveling abroad,it is important to follow the __________ of the country you are visiting.( )
A.course B.culture
C.custom D.civilization
12.I know I should stop smoking –don't give me a lecture about it.( )
A.讲座 B.讲课 C.教训 D.训斥
13.Life is full of _________,so we must think clearly about how to make them before deciding.( )
A.choices B.candles
C.colors D.competitions
14.If the temperature is below 0oC,water will turn into __________ in the open air.( )
A.ice B.steam C.fog D.rain
15.They hand down the ________ from generation to generation to keep their way of life alive.( )
A.interest B.habit C.custom D.action
16.Would you send me some ________ of yours?I miss you very much!( )
A.magazines B.photos C.phones D.works
17.Typing is considered by most employers to be a basic ________.( )
A.contribution B.congratulation
C.competence D.command
18.A person can be judged by the books he reads and the _________ he keeps.( )
A.schedule B.measure
C.performance D.company
19.A famous old name on a firm is not necessarily a ______ of quality.( )
A.guarantee B.certainty C.qualify
20.Safety should be a ________ in any industry and it should come as no surprise that addressing safety issues early can actually save money,long﹣term,for companies.( )
A.priority B.pace C.pose D.peak
21.I would like to thank all of you who made the effort. It is a relief that employees show their _________ to their job.( )
A.dedication B.application
C.connection D.invitation
22.He takes an interest in sports,basketball in ______.( )
A.particularly B.particular
C.addition D.fact
23.Jack is an excellent boy.It's easy for a young man of such a/an ______ to find a good job.( )
A.relation B.attention
C.introduction D.ability
24.The Spring Festival,like Christmas in western countries,is a holiday for family __________.( )
A.entertainment B.amusement
C.reunion D.congratulation
25.The map shows the _________ to the base of the mountain,which can be reached in an hour.( )
A.route B.prospect C.gesture
26.By popular demand,the tour has been extended by two weeks.( )
A.要求 B.推荐 C.命令 D.查问
27.An increase in cars has resulted in the ______ of public transport.( )
A.boom B.decline C.deadline D.absence
28.Malala Yousafzai,a(n) ______ of women's rights,became a victim of terrorist attack.( )
A.inventor B.competitor C.advocate D.composer
29.To their ______, their students narrowly escaped from the shaking building.( )
A.relaxation B.belief C.relief D.regulation
30.During the department store's annual autumn _________,all clothing will be half price.( )
A.engagement B.promotion
C.interaction
31.The country was thrown into ________ by the President's sudden death.( )
A.chorus B.chaos C.circle D.claim
32.﹣﹣I've got a "C" in the English test.Can you give me some ________?
﹣﹣Of course.I think reading can help.( )
A.messages B.information
C.suggestions D.instructions
33.I was embarrassed, but I fought the _________ to run off the stage.( )
A.urgency B.urge C.urgent D.urging
34.His face and movements rarely gave a of nerves.( )
A.symbol B.sigh C.sign D.signal
35.My daughter helps me cook but she isn't old enough to be left in the .( )
A.bedroom B.classroom C.lab D.kitchen
36.His suggestion is of ______ to our health plan,as it is rather practical for the physical fitness( )
A.benefit B.beneficial
C.benefiting D.benefit from
37.Is there anything else in _________ that you'd like to share with us?( )
A.particular B.panic C.eagerness D.addition
38.The League member is brave,honest and hard﹣working.In a word,he is a good boy of many _____.( )
A.qualities B.principles C.rewards D.opinions
39.If people are positive about their life,they will take the trouble to_________the skills they need to succeed.( )
A.illustrate B.measure C.describe D.acquire
40.In the process of getting rid of racial______, the USA is left far behind.( )
A.discrimination B.compromise
C.substitute D.disadvantage
41.We would like to see closer ______ between parents and schools.( )
A.evolution B.cooperation
C.expectation D.rejection
42.It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun.( )
A.测量;位置 B.措施;位置 C.看;方向 D.测量;方向
43.The athletes are anxiously waiting for the final ______ of the game,because it is essential for them to go into the next round.( )
A.outcome B.outline
C.comeback D.cooperation
44.The school has a system of___________ and punishments to encourage good behavior.( )
A.prices B.funds C.awards D.rewards
45.There is a increase in students' creativity since they have been greatly encouraged to develop their own ways of doing things in recent years.( )
A.slight B.tight
C.significant D.various
46.There was a slight in Jamie's voice,but he accepted the offer anyway. ( )
A.harmony B.format C.fluency D.hesitation
47.Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother.( )
A.害怕;婚姻 B.害怕;仪式 C.敢;仪式 D.敢;婚姻
48.The book on health has _________ on the children as _________ as the old.( )
A.a good effect;good
B.a positive effect;well
C.a good affect;well
D.affect;well
49.Standing at the top of the rock, one can see the _____ of the whole island and enjoy the sky and the sea meeting on the horizon.( )
A.contentment B.representative
C.delicateness D.landscape
50.As an experienced cook,her main cooking ______ is to use only fresh ingredients.( )
A.innovation B.philosophy C.trend D.sample
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9中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题一 名词(解析版)
【解密高考】名词考点主要考查:①名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配;②名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数);③名词的所有格;④抽象名词的具体化;⑤名词和冠词的搭配;⑥形容词转化为名词,动词转化为名词。
【命题方向】语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点,主要集中在词性转换、根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词、名词的复数形式、所有格形式的变化等。主谓一致一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。
核心考点1 名词的数
1.可数名词的数(不规则变化)
(1)单、复数同形。如:means,aircraft,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese,sheep。
(2)合成名词的复数。如:boyfriend→boyfriends,go-between→go-betweens(中间人),grown-up→grown-ups,passer- by→passers-by,looker-on→lookers-on, woman doctor→women doctors。
(3)只有复数形式的名词。此类名词往往以复数形式出现,表示“衣服”、“工具”等的总称,不能用具体的数字修饰,也不能加不定冠词a/an,但可以用a pair of/two pairs of,many等修饰。
如:clothes, tights, jeans, pajamas, pants, shorts, socks, stockings, trousers, glasses, chopsticks, compasses, pincers,scissors, scales等;
另外一类总是以复数形式出现,但不能用具体的数字修饰,也不能用a/an,a pair of等修饰,只能用many, a great many, a lot of等修饰。如:belongings, congratulations, contents, earnings, fireworks, goods, leavings, pains, spirits, savings, stairs,surroundings, wages,arms等。
(4)集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people,cattle,police;有些名词只用作单数,如:machinery,furniture,
mankind,jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看作整体,复数看作集体的各个成员。如:The crew is large.船员人数很多(指整体)。The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。
名词的数及词性变化可以在语法填空中进行考查。
【考例1】(2022年全国甲卷) Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ______ (protect). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】protection
【详解】考查名词。句意:Cao和Wu还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和前文promote environmental可知,此处应用其名词形式protection,作动词宾语,此处protection为不可数名词。故填protection。
【考例2】Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)
【答案】Activities
【详解】考查名词。句意:1980年被正式承认的科莫多国家公园因其独特的生物多样性而受到生态旅游的欢迎。从观鲸到徒步旅行,那里有各种各样的活动。分析句子结构可知,设空处位于句首,在句中作主语,根据谓语动词range可知,设空处应填给定的可数名词activity的复数形式。故填Activities。
【考例3】The________(possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
【答案】possibility
【详解】考查名词。句意:宇宙中其他行星上存在生命的可能性一直激励着科学家探索外层空间。该空作句子主语,用名词,that there is life on other planets in the universe是同位语从句,特指“这个可能”,用名词单数,故填possibility。
【考例4】Historical ____ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
【答案】accuracy
【详解】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于形容词historical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
【考例5】The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ________ (transform).
【答案】transformation
【详解】考查名词。句意:许多国家的卫生安全体系正在经历重大变革。作宾语,表示“变革”应用名词transformation,不可数。故填transformation。
【考例6】Filled with __________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
【答案】curiosity
【详解】考查名词。句意:这位艺术家充满了好奇心,收拾行囊离开了。作宾语,应用名词curiosity,表抽象概念,不可数。故填curiosity。
【考例7】I’m not Chinese, but I love Chinese New Year. There are many fun New Year ________(celebrate), but nothing quite matches the excitement of the lion dance which can wake up the spirit completely.
【答案】celebrations
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:我不是中国人,但我喜欢中国人的新年。有很多有趣的新年庆典,但没有什么能完全匹配舞狮的兴奋,它可以完全振奋精神。空处是there be句型的主语,应用名词形式,celebration庆典,庆祝活动,是可数名词,由many可知,此处应用复数形式。故填celebrations。
【考例8】Beautifully restored(修复)to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ________ (marry)ceremony in 1842.
【答案】marriage
【详解】考查名词。句意:这座被精美地修复到它1860年外貌的房子亚伯拉罕和玛丽·林肯生活了17年的家。1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词their可知,此处要用名词形式;结合设空处后的ceremony,可知此处意为“婚礼”;提示词marry意为“婚姻”,其名词形式为marriage,marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
【考例9】Nowadays, the___________(prior)for travelling is shifted(转换)from shopping to food and scenery.
【答案】priority
【详解】考查名词。句意:如今,旅游的重点从购物转向了食品和风景。分析可知,空处为名词做主语,priority表示“优先考虑的事物”,为不可数名词,符合句意。故填priority。
【考例10】(2021全国甲卷) Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people.
【答案】watchtowers
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和瞭望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different(不同的)可知,此处应用可数名词watchtower的复数形式和gates并列作介词at的宾语。故填watchtowers。
【考例11】The far side of the moon is of particular________(interesting) to scientists.
【答案】interest
【详解】考查名词。句意:科学家们对月球的背面特别感兴趣。“be of+n.”结构相当于形容词,故应用interesting的名词interest (不可数) 作介词宾语。故填interest。
【考例12】By about 6000 BC, people had discovered the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the _________ (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
【答案】seasons
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:大约在公元前6000年,人们发现了最好的作物和饲养的动物。后来,他们学会了与季节相适应,在合适的时间种植,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水灌溉他们的田地。根据常识和语境可知,人们开始按照季节更替来种植庄稼,season为可数名词,此处应用其复数形式。故填seasons。
【考例13】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ______ (cause).
【答案】causes
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:一项研究表明,仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。分析句子可知,形容词all修饰可数名词复数。故填causes。
【考例14】My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a __________(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
【答案】scientist
【详解】考查名词。句意:我叫Mireya Mayor,我是一名研究像猿类和猴子这类动物的科学家。分析句子可知,句子“who studies animals such as apes and monkeys”在句中作定语,是定语从句,修饰空格处的名词,根据定语从句句意推知,空格处需填表示职业的名词,science作为名词,表示“科学”的意思,需转换为名词scientist,表示“科学家”的意思,由空格前的不定冠词a可知,名词scientist需用单数形式。故填scientist。
【考例15】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese________(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【详解】考查名词单复数。句意:我认识的人中好像很少有人喜欢或是有时间做饭。制作中式菜肴尤其被认为麻烦。dish是可数名词,其前无单数限定词,故用其复数形式dishes。故填dishes。
核心考点2 名词的功能及词义辨析
名词的功能
(1)可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语Mary is to meet you at the airport.
(2)作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词,这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。
①分类意义
air pollution空气污染;coffee cup咖啡杯;body language身体语言;road accident交通事故;
②时间、地点、称呼等
Doctor Jack杰克医生;Professor Li李教授;evening school夜校;winter sleep冬眠
③表目的、来源、材料、所属意义
reception desk接待台;sports field田径场;stone table石桌;color TV彩电
(3)作状语
名词作状语多为表时间或距离等概念的名词。The war lasted eight years.
(4)作同位语
Tom,our monitor, left school last year.
名词的词义辨析
主要考察单词基本义的引申和拓展、易错的名词固定搭配以及对同义词、近义词的考查等,是高考中名词考点的重要部分。要解决名词词义辨析,需注意平时积累。
词义辨析通常以单选题形式出现
【考例16】He is never satisfied with what he has got. The grass is always greener on the other side of the ____.
A.road B.fence C.wall D.garden
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他对自己所拥有的东西从不满意。这山望着那山高。A. road路;B. fence篱笆,围墙;C. wall墙;D. garden花园。The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.是谚语,意为“这山望着那山高”。故选B。
【考例17】—Americans spend more on health care than most other people .
— You’re right . But a new study shows that life in the United States is falling .
A.development B.position C.experience D.expectancy
【答案】D
【详解】试题分析:句意:--美国人花费在医疗保健的费用比其他的人要多得多。--你是对的。但是新的研究表明人的平均寿命在下降。development 发展; position位置; experience经历;life expectancy平均寿命。根据句意故选D。
考点:考查名词辨析。
点评:本题难度适中。名词辨析是近几年高考的热点,本题是对已学知识点的回顾,需要考生能够理解该题的语言环境,牢记它们的用法及意义。
即学即练: is the father of wisdom.
A. Development B. Position C. Experience D. Expectancy
解析:C。句意: 经验是智慧之父。
【考例18】She has lost only nine games in five matches on the way to the semifinals. Always the perfectionist, she sees room for .
A.achievement B.improvement
C.entertainment D.Amusement
【答案】B
【详解】试题分析:考查名词。句意:她的九场比赛中只有五场是输在了半决赛中的。作为一个完美主义者,她总是在提高自己。A.achievement成就;B. Improvement提高;C. Entertainment娱乐;D. Amusement乐趣;根据词义,可知她是要提高,故选B项。
考点:考查名词
【考例19】【2018·天津】The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A.advice B.order
C.possibility D.invitation
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议;B. order命令;C. possibility可能性;D. invitation邀请。故选C。
点睛:本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句,从句that there is life on other planets in the universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断,宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性,目前无法证明,从而选出正确答案。
【考例20】We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways.
A.statement B.impact
C.impression D.judgment
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们可以观察到人工智能已经在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了影响。A. statement陈述说明;B. impact影响,效果;C. impression印象;D. judgment判断。故选B符合语境。
【考例21】The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
A.reservation B.transformation C.distinction D.submission
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订;B. transformation改革,变革;C. distinction区别;D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知,此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
【考例22】Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science.
A.traditions B.advances C.pressures D.examples
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统;B. advances前进,进步;C. pressures压力;D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知,公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的,advances符合语境。故选B。
【考例23】Nowadays the ________ of travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A.autonomy B.barrier C.prospect D.priority
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:如今旅游的重点从购物转移到食物和风景。A. autonomy自治;B. barrier障碍;C. prospect前景;D. priority重点。根据空后shifted from shopping to food and scenery及常识可知,在旅游中,食物和风景已成为人们优先考虑的事情,此处指旅游重点的转变。故选D项。
核心考点3 名词与主谓一致
高考主谓一致的知识结构
一致原则 考点详解 例句
语法一致 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。 His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not easy.What he said is very important for us all.The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
2. 由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。 Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates.The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
3. 主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,together with,except,but,like,as well as,rather than,more than,no less than, besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。 Mr. Green,together with his wife and children,has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She,like you and Tom,is very tall.
4. either,neither,each,every 或no +单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。 Each of us has a new book.Everything around us is matter.
5. 在定语从句中,关系代词that,who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注:people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:The police are looking for the lost child.
7. 由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,the rest of,the majority of +名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls.注:a number of 与the number of的区别
8. 在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts.
逻辑一致 1. what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。 Which is your bag?Which are your bags?All is going well. All have gone to Beijing.
2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。 Thirty minutes is enough for the work.Ten miles is too long.
3. 若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.
4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式。 One and a half apples is left on the table.
逻辑一致 5. 算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twelve plus eight is twenty.Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6. 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾,如:mathematics,politics,physics 以及news, works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。 The paper works was built in 1990.I think physics isn‘t easy to study.
7. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes,jeans 等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the) pair of等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。 My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
8. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。 The old are taken good care of.
9. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 A large quantity of people is needed here.注意:quantities一般用复数。Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.
10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰不可数名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。 A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
就近一致 1. 当两个主语由either … or, neither … nor,whether … or …,not only …but also连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 Either the teacher or the students are our friends.Neither they nor he is wholly right.
2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。 There are two chairs and a desk in the room.Here引导的句子用法同上。如:Here is a map and a handbook for you.
一、语法一致
就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
【考例24】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 (than) walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示:跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实,故用一般现在时,且主语是it,表示单数概念。故填is。
【考例25】 He is one of the most selfish men that _______ ever lived; that’s why hardly _______ making friends with him.
A. has;anyone likes B. have;does anyone like
C. has;no one likes D. have;anyone likes
【答案】D
【解析】考查主谓一致。that引导的定语从句修饰的是名词复数men,因此定语从句的谓语动词应用have。第一个空考查的是定语从句中谓语动词的单复数,one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词,因此第一个空用have;后半句译为"那就是几乎没有任何人和他交朋友的原因",hardly表示"几乎不",根据句意,后面应是肯定句,故排除C项;hardly作为否定副词放在句首时,句子才使用倒装语序,因此排除B项。故选D项。
二、逻辑一致
谓语动词的数须与主语的意义一致(因有时主语的形式是单数,但意义却为复数;有时主语形式为复数,而意义却为单数)。
【考例26】—________ one and a half months enough for the project to be finished
—I am afraid not. The professor is ill and only after he recovers ________ go on with it.
A.Is; he can B.Are; he can
C.Is; can he D.Are; can he
【答案】C
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:——一个半月足够完成这件工程吗?——恐怕不行,教授生病了,只有当他恢复他才能继续这件事。第一空,将one and a half months 看成一个名词主语,强调这个时间内,故谓语用单数。第二个空考查 only+after从句,主句用部分倒装,故选C项。
【考例27】—The talent show Youth with You ________becoming hotter and hotter online.
—Exactly. Half of our class ________interested in it.
A.is; is B.are; are C.is; are D.are; is
【答案】C
【详解】考查主谓一致和动词的时态。句意:——才艺秀《青春有你》在网上越来越火了。——确实。我们班上一半的人对它感兴趣。根据对话可知,讲述现在的事实用一般现在时态。空一主语是The talent show,是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数is;half +of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。“our class”指的是我们班上的人,是复数概念,此处谓语动词用复数形式are。故选C。
三、就近一致
在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
【考例28】The father as well as his three children ___________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:在冬天的每个星期天下午,这位父亲和他的三个孩子都去结冰的河面上滑冰。当 as well as 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的数应与as well as前面的名词或代词保持一致,即为就远原则。本题的谓语动词应与The father保持一致,用单数形式;由时间状语 every Sunday afternoon可知,本句应用一般现在时。故选C项。
【考例29】The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8,450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.
A. are;is B. are;are C. is;are D. is;is
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:那所大学估计,对国际学生来说,一年的生活开销大约是8450美元,这对他们中某些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是living expenses,是复数,因此谓语动词用复数;第二空的主语是which,指代的是前面整个句子,因此谓语动词用单数。
一、单句语法填空(高考真题)
【2021年】
1. (2021年新高考I卷)
The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
1.【57题】考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
2. (2021年全国甲卷)
Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people…
2.【49题】考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知,此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念,应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
3. (2021年全国乙卷)
… and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas.
3.【62题】考查名词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知,此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
4. (2021年全国乙卷) Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___69___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)
4.【69题】考查名词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知,空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填activities。
5. (2021年1月浙江卷)
It is calculated by dividing a 30. (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared.
5.【30题】考查名词所有格。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,person是修饰weight的,用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
6. (2021年6月浙江卷)
…Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ (marry)ceremony in 1842.
6.【38题】考查名词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知,此处要用名词形式;结合设空处后的ceremony,可知此处意为“婚礼”;提示词marry意为“婚姻”,其名词形式为marriage,marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
【2020年】
7. (2020·新课标Ⅰ)
The far side of the moon is of particular ___64___ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)...
64.考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知,空处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
8. (2020·新课标Ⅱ)
Chinese New Year is a ___61___ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
61.考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
9. (2020·新课标Ⅲ)
Filled with ___64___ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left...
64..考查名词。句意:怀着好奇心,艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词,后跟名词curiosity作宾语,表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
10. (2020·山东卷)
Historical ___44___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment
44.考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于形容词historical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
11. (2020·浙江卷)
Later,they learned to work with the ___62___ (season),planting at the right time and...
62.考查名词复数。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,提示词的词性为为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填seasons。
【2019年】
1.【2019·全国卷I】
…increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing.
66. 【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知,空格处为名词形式,故填belief。
2. 【2019·全国卷III】
When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it.
66.【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。
3. 【2019·浙江卷】
Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
64. connection/connections【解析】考查名词。句意:其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词,形容词修饰名词,位于名词前,名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词,“联系”的意思,因此,要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。
4. 【2019·北京卷】
…there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day.
6.activities【解析】考查名词。句意:无论你喜欢做什么,有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的various可知,此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
【2018年】
1.【2018·全国卷I】
…a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
67.causes 【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明,仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
2. 【2018·全国卷I I】
This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
66. pollution【解析】考查词性转换。句意:这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语,故填pollution。
3. 【2018·全国卷III】
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
66.【解析】考查名词。根据语境可知,我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
4. 【2018·浙江卷】
Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
56. dishes 【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜,表示泛指应该用名词复数,故填dishes。
5. 【2018·浙江卷】
Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
64.weight 【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题,用名词修饰problems,故填weight。
【2017年】
1.(2017·全国卷I)This trend has had some unintended side 62_____ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease.
1. 62. effects
【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”,根据前文的some可知“side effect”(副作用)有很多,故填effects。
2.(2017·全国卷I I)This development was only possible with the 69______ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
69.introduction
【解析】考查词性转换,空格前是the,后面应该是名词,故填名词introduction。
3.(2017 全国卷III)She has turned down several 67_______(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
67. invitations
【解析】考查名词单复数。several修饰可数名词复数形式,故填invitations。
4.(2017·浙江卷)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56________ (carrot).
56.carrots
【解析】考查名词单复数。根据上文的"a handful of"可知,此处表示一把小胡萝卜,所以应用carrot的复数形式。
【2016年】
1.(2016·全国新课标I)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61_(attract).
1. 61.attraction 考查名词。 形容词top后面跟名词形式。
2.(2016·全国新课标II)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve).
2. 42.achievement 考查名词。横线前面有介词of,横线上要使用名词achievement作of的宾语。句意:首先处理重要的事情,那么你会有成就感。
3.(2016·全国新课标III)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the 48 (develop)of chopsticks.
3. 48.development考查词性转换。the+名词+of,意为“……的……”,这里指“筷子的发展”,故填development。
二、单项选择
1.We cannot put_________on the importance of protecting our eyes too much.( )
A.emphasis B.ambition C.analysis D.potential
【分析】我们再怎么强调保护眼睛也不为过。
【解答】考查名词的词义辨析。A.emphasis强调;B.ambition雄心;野心;C.analysis分析;D.potential潜能;可能性。其中"put emphasis on sth"可以翻译成"强调",为固定搭配,符合题意。
故选:A。
【点睛】先明白题干大意,再分析选项含义,选出正确且最符合题意的选项。
2.The______on Sarah's face told me that she got annoyed.( )
A.confidence B.expression C.appearance D.impression
【分析】莎拉脸上的表情告诉我她生气了。
【解答】根据题意,A.confidence自信心;B.expression表情;C.appearance外貌;D.impression印象。根据" told me that she got annoyed"可知,此处指脸上的表情。
故选:B。
【点睛】先明白题干大意,再分析选项含义,选出正确且最符合题意的选项。
3.The traditional_______ to handling complicated problems is to break them down into simple ones.( )
A.method B.way C.means D.approach
【分析】处理复杂问题的传统方法是把它们分解成简单的问题。
【解答】考查名词的词义辨析。A.method方法;B.way方式;方法;C.means方法;D.approach方法;途径。分析句子结构可知,其中approach后面接to,to为介词,后接名词或动名词;way后面也可以接to,to为不定式,后接动词原形;means后面通常接介词of;method后面常用的介词为for或of。
故选:D。
【点睛】先明白题干大意,再分析选项含义,选出正确且最符合题意的选项。
4.We are sending you some gifts in___of your valuable help.( )
A.acknowledgement B.exchange
C.case D.view
【分析】我们向给你寄了一些礼物,以感谢你宝贵的帮助。
【解答】考查名词的词义辨析。A.acknowledgement感谢;感激;B.exchange交换;C.case案例;案件;D.view观点;风景。由"We are sending you some gifts"可知,我们送礼物的目的是为了向你表示感谢。
故选:A。
【点睛】先明白题干大意,再分析选项含义,选出正确且最符合题意的选项。
5.On board _______a large quantify of fuel,a ladder with hooked ends,two RPG grenades and a ________of money.( )
A.was,quantify B.were,deal
C.was,amount D.were,number
【分析】船上有大量的燃料、一架末端呈钩状的梯子、两枚RPG手榴弹和一笔钱。
【解答】本句是倒装句,主语a large quantify of fuel,a ladder with hooked ends,two RPG grenades and a ________of money是复数概念,谓语动词用复数形式,排除A、C项;第二空:money是不可数名词,要用a deal of修饰,a number of修饰可数名词复数,排除D项,只有B项正确。
故选:B。
【点睛】考查形容词词义辨析,弄清楚各个形容词的含义并区别各个形容词之间的差异,了解某些形容词的特殊用法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
6.Having a thorough physical examination regularly helps to check for disease that may not have any_________ at first.( )
A.symptom B.signal C.symbol D.similarity
【分析】定期进行彻底的体格检查有助于检查最初可能没有任何症状的疾病。
【解答】答案:A.根据题意,定期进行彻底的体格检查有助于检查最初可能没有任何症状的疾病。本题考查名词的词义辨析。A.symptom症状;B.signal信号;C.symbol符号;D.similarity相似性。
故选:A。
【点睛】本题着重考查名词的词意辨析,这就要求我们学生在平时学习的过程中要时刻关注名词的词意,也可以考虑将形近意不近的多个名词放在一起对比记忆,这样更加有利于加深对于名词的记忆。
7.The terraces are cleverly designed,with waterways connecting with each other.( )
A.设计;连接 B.设计;清除 C.修改;连接 D.修改;清除
【分析】梯田设计巧妙,水道相互连接。
【解答】designed:设计。connecting with:连接。结合句意:梯田设计巧妙,水道相互连接。可知,第一个词designed为过去分词,意为"设计";第二个词组connecting with为固定搭配。故选:A。
【点睛】做此类题,平时多积累词义和用法,做题时需结合选项和句意做出判断。
8.Mum's "Little Bank" was used for sudden___________,such as the time when Christine broke her arm and had to be taken to a doctor.( )
A.emergencies B.proposals
C.functions D.individuality
【分析】妈妈的"小银行"是用来应对突发情况的,比如克里斯汀摔断了胳膊,不得不去看医生。
【解答】A.emergencies紧急情况;B.proposals建议;C.functions功能;D.individuality个人。根据句意"妈妈的"小银行"是用来应对突发情况的,比如克里斯汀摔断了胳膊,不得不去看医生。"可知,空处表示紧急情况。
故选:A。
【点睛】先明白题干大意,再分析选项含义,选出正确且最符合题意的选项。
9.The fact that more and more people are willing to enter public education means the increased ________ of and support for teaching among the public and nation.( )
A.realization B.profession
C.recognition D.acquisition
【分析】越来越多的人愿意接受公共教育,这意味着公众和国家对教育的认可和支持。
【解答】A.realization实现;B.profession专业;C.recognition承认,认可;D.acquisition(知识、技能等的)获得。根据"are willing to"可知,人们愿意说明大家认可。
故选:C。
【点睛】先明白题干大意,再分析选项含义,选出正确且最符合题意的选项。
10.All applications welcome,but preference will be given to those with diving _______.( )
A.waist B.qualifications
C.salary D.leisure
【分析】欢迎所有申请者报名,但具有潜水资格者优先考虑。
【解答】A.waist腰部;B.qualifications资格;C.salary薪水;D.leisure空闲。根据句意"欢迎所有申请者报名,但具有潜水资格者优先考虑"可知,空处意思应该是"资格",B项符合题意。
故选:B。
【点睛】先明白题干大意,再分析选项含义,选出正确且最符合题意的选项。
11.When you are traveling abroad,it is important to follow the __________ of the country you are visiting.( )
A.course B.culture
C.custom D.civilization
【分析】当你在国外旅行时,遵循你所去国家的风俗习惯是很重要的。
【解答】A.course课程;B.culture文化;C.custom风俗;D.civilization文明。句意:当你在国外旅行时,遵循你所去国家的风俗习惯是很重要的。可知,设空处缺"风俗"之意。故选:C。
【点睛】做此类题,平时多积累词义和用法,做题时需结合选项和句意做出判断。
12.I know I should stop smoking –don't give me a lecture about it.( )
A.讲座 B.讲课 C.教训 D.训斥
【分析】我知道我应该戒烟了﹣﹣别跟我说教。
【解答】根据句意"我知道我应该戒烟了﹣﹣别跟我说教"可知,lecture在这里意思是"训斥"。
故选:D。
【点睛】根据句子大意,分析句子结构,辨析选项词语用法,得出最佳答案。
13.Life is full of _________,so we must think clearly about how to make them before deciding.( )
A.choices B.candles
C.colors D.competitions
【分析】生活充满了选择,所以我们必须在做决定之前清楚地思考如何做出选择。
【解答】A.choises选择;B.candles蜡烛;C.colors颜色;D.competitions比赛。根据句意"生活充满了选择,所以我们必须在做决定之前清楚地思考如何做出选择。"可知空处意思是"选择"。
故选:A。
【点睛】先明白题干大意,再分析选项含义,选出正确且最符合题意的选项。
14.If the temperature is below 0oC,water will turn into __________ in the open air.( )
A.ice B.steam C.fog D.rain
【分析】如果温度低于0摄氏度,水在户外会变成冰。
【解答】A.ice冰;B.steam蒸汽;C.fog雾;D.rain雨。根据句意和If the temperature is below 0oC可知答案。
故选:A。
【点睛】考查名词的词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
15.They hand down the ________ from generation to generation to keep their way of life alive.( )
A.interest B.habit C.custom D.action
【分析】他们一代代传承着他们的风俗以使他们的生活方式保存下来.
【解答】答案:C.考查名词辨析.custom"传统风俗、习俗"符合语境.interest"兴趣";habit"个人习惯";action"行动".根据句意:他们一代代传承着他们的风俗以使他们的生活方式保存下来,可知custom符合句意.
故选:C.
【点睛】词义辨析类题目的处理要先准确掌握单词的基本意义、引申意义,以及与单词相关的短语、句型,结合句意做出正确的选择.
16.Would you send me some ________ of yours?I miss you very much!( )
A.magazines B.photos C.phones D.works
【分析】你能给我寄一些你的照片吗?我非常想你!
【解答】答案:B.magazines杂志;photos照片;phones电话;works作品。根据I miss you very much!可知非常想念对方,由此推断把照片寄过来,B项正确。
故选:B。
【点睛】考查名词的词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
17.Typing is considered by most employers to be a basic ________.( )
A.contribution B.congratulation
C.competence D.command
【分析】打字被大多数雇主认为是一项基本能力。
【解答】A.contribution贡献;B.congratulation 祝贺;C.competence能力;D.command命令。结合句意,可知设空处指的是打字是一种"能力"。故选:C。
【点睛】做此类题,平时多积累词义和用法,做题时需结合选项和句意做出判断。
18.A person can be judged by the books he reads and the _________ he keeps.( )
A.schedule B.measure
C.performance D.company
【分析】判断一个人,可以看他读的书和交的朋友。
【解答】A.schedule时刻表;B.measure测量;C.performance表演;D.company陪伴,同伴。根据句意"判断一个人,可以看他读的书和交的朋友。"可知,空处表示同伴。
故选:D。
【点睛】先明白题干大意,再分析选项含义,选出正确且最符合题意的选项。
19.A famous old name on a firm is not necessarily a ______ of quality.( )
A.guarantee B.certainty C.qualify
【分析】公司的老字号并不一定能保证质量。
【解答】考查名词词义辨析。A项,guarantee保证;B项,certainty确定性;C项,quality质量。结合句意,空处意思应该是"保证",A项符合题意。
故选:A。
【点睛】先明白题干大意,再分析选项含义,选出正确且最符合题意的选项。
20.Safety should be a ________ in any industry and it should come as no surprise that addressing safety issues early can actually save money,long﹣term,for companies.( )
A.priority B.pace C.pose D.peak
【分析】在任何行业中,安全都应该是优先考虑的问题,对于公司来说,尽早解决安全问题实际上可以长其节省资金,这一点也不奇怪。
【解答】A.priority优先;B.pace速度;C.pose姿势;D.peak山峰。根据句意"在任何行业中,安全都应该是优先考虑的问题",应用priority。
故选:A。
【点睛】先明白题干大意,再分析选项含义,选出正确且最符合题意的选项。
21.I would like to thank all of you who made the effort. It is a relief that employees show their _________ to their job.( )
A.dedication B.application
C.connection D.invitation
【分析】我要感谢所有作出努力的人。员工对工作表现出自己的奉献,这令人宽慰。
【解答】答案:A. 根据题意,我要感谢所有作出努力的人。员工对工作表现出自己的奉献,这令人宽慰。本题考查名词的辨析。A.dedication奉献;B.application申请,应用;C.connection连接;D.invitation邀请。题干中的show dedication to sth意为:为某事做出奉献。
故选:A。
【点睛】本题着重考查名词的词意辨析,这就要求我们学生在平时学习的过程中要时刻关注名词的词意,也可以考虑将形近意不近的多个名词放在一起对比记忆,这样更加有利于加深对于名词的记忆。
22.He takes an interest in sports,basketball in ______.( )
A.particularly B.particular
C.addition D.fact
【分析】他对运动感兴趣,尤其是篮球。
【解答】考查固定短语词义辨析。A.particularly尤其,特别;B.(in)particular尤其,特别;C.(in)addition另外;D.(in)fact事实上。根据句意和空格前"in"可知,句中涉及固定短语"in particular",意为尤其,特别","particularly"意为"尤其,特别",副词词性,但不与"in'"搭配。
故选:B。
【点睛】考查词义辨析,弄清楚各个词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
23.Jack is an excellent boy.It's easy for a young man of such a/an ______ to find a good job.( )
A.relation B.attention
C.introduction D.ability
【分析】杰克是个很棒的男孩。对于一个有这种能力的年轻人来说,找到一份好工作是很容易的。
【解答】答案:D.根据题意,杰克是个很棒的男孩。对于一个有这种能力的年轻人来说,找到一份好工作是很容易的。本题考查名词的词义辨析。A.relation关系;B.attention注意;C.introduction介绍;D.ability能力。
故选:D。
【点睛】本题着重考查名词的词意辨析,这就要求我们学生在平时学习的过程中要时刻关注名词的词意,也可以考虑将形近意不近的多个名词放在一起对比记忆,这样更加有利于加深对于名词的记忆。
24.The Spring Festival,like Christmas in western countries,is a holiday for family __________.( )
A.entertainment B.amusement
C.reunion D.congratulation
【分析】春节和西方国家的圣诞节一样,是家庭团聚的节日。
【解答】答案:C.根据题意,春节和西方国家的圣诞节一样,是家庭团聚的节日。本题考查名词的词义辨析。A.entertainment娱乐;B.amusement娱乐活动;C.reunion团聚;D.congratulation祝贺。
故选:C。
【点睛】本题着重考查名词的词意辨析,这就要求我们学生在平时学习的过程中要时刻关注名词的词意,也可以考虑将形近意不近的多个名词放在一起对比记忆,这样更加有利于加深对于名词的记忆。
25.The map shows the _________ to the base of the mountain,which can be reached in an hour.( )
A.route B.prospect C.gesture
【分析】这张地图显示了到山脚的路线,一个小时就能到达。
【解答】考查名词词义辨析。A项,route路线;B项,prospect前景;C项,gesture手势。结合句意,空处意思应该是"路线",A项符合题意。
故选:A。
【点睛】对于名词的词义辨析这种题,做题时要先弄清楚各个选项的含义及用法,再结合句意及其它要求确定最终选项。
26.By popular demand,the tour has been extended by two weeks.( )
A.要求 B.推荐 C.命令 D.查问
【分析】根据大众的要求,巡演延长了两周。
【解答】根据句意"根据大众的要求,巡演延长了两周"可知,demand意为"要求"。
故选:A。
【点睛】根据句子大意,分析句子结构,选出最符合语义的选项。
27.An increase in cars has resulted in the ______ of public transport.( )
A.boom B.decline C.deadline D.absence
【分析】汽车的增加导致了公共交通的减少。A.boom激增;B.decline减少;C.deadline最
【解答】A.boom繁荣;B.decline减少;C.deadline最后日期;D.absence缺席。根据前文"An increase in cars"句意并结合常识可知,汽车的增加导致了公共交通的减少,故应使用名词decline,作介词in的宾语。故选:B。
【点睛】本题需要结合句意及提示,分清所需要填写单词的词义,从而确定答案。
28.Malala Yousafzai,a(n) ______ of women's rights,became a victim of terrorist attack.( )
A.inventor B.competitor C.advocate D.composer
【分析】女权倡导者Malala Yousafzai成为恐怖袭击的受害者。
【解答】考查名词词义辨析。A.inventor发明者;B.competitor竞争者;C.advocate拥护者,倡导者;D.composer创作者。结合句意,空处意思应该是"倡导者",C项符合题意。
故选:C。
【点睛】对于名词的词义辨析这种题,做题时要先弄清楚各个选项的含义及用法,再结合句意及其它要求确定最终选项。
29.To their ______, their students narrowly escaped from the shaking building.( )
A.relaxation B.belief C.relief D.regulation
【分析】让他们欣慰的是,他们的学生们从摇晃的大楼里死里逃生。
【解答】答案:C. 根据题意,让他们欣慰的是,他们的学生们从摇晃的大楼里死里逃生。本题考查名词的辨析。A.relaxation放松;B.belief相信,信仰;C.relief欣慰,缓解;D.regulation规则。
故选:C。
【点睛】本题着重考查名词的词意辨析,这就要求我们学生在平时学习的过程中要时刻关注名词的词意,也可以考虑将形近意不近的多个名词放在一起对比记忆,这样更加有利于加深对于名词的记忆。
30.During the department store's annual autumn _________,all clothing will be half price.( )
A.engagement B.promotion
C.interaction
【分析】在百货公司一年一度的秋季促销期间,所有服装都将半价出售。
【解答】考查名词词义辨析。A项,engagement约会;B项,promotion促销活动;C项,interaction相互作用。结合句意,空处意思应该是"促销活动",B项符合题意。
故选:B。
【点睛】对于名词的词义辨析这种题,做题时要先弄清楚各个选项的含义及用法,再结合句意及其它要求确定最终选项。
31.The country was thrown into ________ by the President's sudden death.( )
A.chorus B.chaos C.circle D.claim
【分析】因为总统的突然离世,整个国家陷入一片混乱。
【解答】A.chorus合唱队,歌舞队;B.chaos混乱,混沌;C.circle圆圈,周期;D.claim索要、声明。由语意可知,总统突然离世,造成的后果通常是国家一时无主,所以陷入混乱之中。chaos意为"混乱,混沌",符合语义。
故选:B。
【点睛】先明白题干大意,再分析选项含义,选出正确且最符合题意的选项。
32.﹣﹣I've got a "C" in the English test.Can you give me some ________?
﹣﹣Of course.I think reading can help.( )
A.messages B.information
C.suggestions D.instructions
【分析】﹣﹣我在英语考试中得了"C"。你能给我一些建议吗?﹣﹣当然。我认为阅读是有帮助的。
【解答】答案:C.根据题意,A.messages口信;B.information信息;C.suggestions建议;D.instructions说明。根据句意,"当然。我认为阅读是有帮助的"可知,是在询问建议。故选:C。
【点睛】本题着重考查名词的词意辨析,这就要求我们学生在平时学习的过程中要时刻关注名词的词意,也可以考虑将形近意不近的多个名词放在一起对比记忆,这样更加有利于加深对于名词的记忆。
33.I was embarrassed, but I fought the _________ to run off the stage.( )
A.urgency B.urge C.urgent D.urging
【分析】我很尴尬, 但我克制住了离开舞台的冲动。
【解答】A.urgency紧急;B.urge冲动;C.urgent紧急的;D.urging催促的。根据句意:我很尴尬, 但我克制住了离开舞台的冲动。
故选:B。
【点睛】考查名词词义辨析。弄清楚各个名词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
34.His face and movements rarely gave a of nerves.( )
A.symbol B.sigh C.sign D.signal
【分析】他的脸和动作很少有紧张的迹象.
【解答】本题考查名词词义辨析.A项意为"象征";B项意为"叹气";C项意为"迹象";D项意为"信号",根据句意和各个选项可知答案.
故选:C。
【点睛】本题考查名词词义辨析,考生在平时的学习中应注意积累相应的词汇和搭配,并牢记其意思.在做题时,将词义和题干相结合,从语法、句子结构尤其是句意上去判断,句意通顺,符合逻辑,即正确答案.
35.My daughter helps me cook but she isn't old enough to be left in the .( )
A.bedroom B.classroom C.lab D.kitchen
【分析】我女儿帮我做饭,但她还不够大,不能留在厨房里。
【解答】A.bedroom卧室;B.classroom教室;C.lab实验室;D.kitchen厨房。分析句子可知,前半句中存在动词cook,结合语境翻译可知,此处表明女儿不适合留在厨房里。
故选:D。
【点睛】考查名词的词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
36.His suggestion is of ______ to our health plan,as it is rather practical for the physical fitness( )
A.benefit B.beneficial
C.benefiting D.benefit from
【分析】他的建议对我们的健康计划很有帮助,因为它对我们的健康很实用。
【解答】答案:A.根据题意,他的建议对我们的健康计划很有帮助,因为它对我们的健康很实用。本题考查固定搭配:be of benefit to sth=be beneficial to sth意为:对……有益。
故选:A。
【点睛】本题着重考查名词以及形容词的词意辨析,这就要求我们学生在平时学习的过程中要时刻关注形容词的词意,也可以考虑将形近意不近的多个形容词放在一起对比记忆,这样更加有利于加深对于形容词的记忆。
37.Is there anything else in _________ that you'd like to share with us?( )
A.particular B.panic C.eagerness D.addition
【分析】还有没有什么别的你特别要和我们分享的吗?
【解答】句意:还有没有什么别的你特别要和我们分享的吗?A.particular特别;B.panic恐慌;C.eagerness渴望;D.additionm法,相加,附加。固定短语in particular相当于副词表示"尤其特别",符合题意。in panic恐慌,in eagerness渴望地;in addition此外,都可以排除。
故选:A。
【点睛】考查名词的词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
38.The League member is brave,honest and hard﹣working.In a word,he is a good boy of many _____.( )
A.qualities B.principles C.rewards D.opinions
【分析】团员勇敢、诚实、勤奋。总之,他是一个由好品质的好男孩。
【解答】答案:A.根据题意,A.qualities品质;B.principles原则;C.rewards奖品;D.opinions观点。由题干中的"brave,honest and hard﹣working"可知,"勇敢、诚实、勤奋"都是团员的不同的品质。而只有qualities表示品质。故选:A。
【点睛】本题着重考查名词的词意辨析,这就要求我们学生在平时学习的过程中要时刻关注名词的词意,也可以考虑将形近意不近的多个名词放在一起对比记忆,这样更加有利于加深对于名词的记忆。
39.If people are positive about their life,they will take the trouble to_________the skills they need to succeed.( )
A.illustrate B.measure C.describe D.acquire
【分析】如果人们对自己的生活持积极态度,他们就会不辞辛劳地获得成功所需的技能。
【解答】A.illustrate说明;B.measure 测量;C.describe描述;D.acquire 获取。根据后文the skills they need to succeed可知是获得成功所需的技能。所以D选项符合句意。
故选:D。
【点睛】本题考查动词的词义辨析。动词词义题一直都是高考考查的一个热点,它注重考查考生结合语境准确选用词语和正确时态语态的的能力和。由于英语词汇丰富,且用法多变,考生掌握起来有较大难度,因此在平时应注意词汇的积累,理解词语的含义及其常见的习惯搭配,再联系句子所表述的意义和语境,选出正确的答案。
40.In the process of getting rid of racial______, the USA is left far behind.( )
A.discrimination B.compromise
C.substitute D.disadvantage
【分析】在消除种族歧视的过程中,美国被远远抛在后面.
【解答】A.discrimination 歧视;B.compromise妥协;折衷;C.substitute代用品;代替者;D.disadvantage不利;不利条件.根据句意,A项正确.
故选:A.
【点睛】考查名词的词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项.
41.We would like to see closer ______ between parents and schools.( )
A.evolution B.cooperation
C.expectation D.rejection
【分析】我们希望家长和学校之间的合作更加紧密。
【解答】本题考查名词词义辨析。根据句意:我们希望家长和学校之间的合作更加紧密。A.evolution进化;B.cooperation合作;C.expectation期望;D.rejection拒绝。
故选:B。
【点睛】做这类题,平时多积累词义和用法,做题时需要结合选项和句意做出判断。
42.It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun.( )
A.测量;位置 B.措施;位置 C.看;方向 D.测量;方向
【分析】它用眼睛来测量太阳的位置。
【解答】measure :测量;度量。position :位置。结合句意:它用眼睛来测量太阳的位置。可知,measure 为动词,"测量"之意;position为名词,此处指的是太阳的"位置"。故选:A。
【点睛】本题需要结合句意及提示,分清所需要填写单词的词义,从而确定答案。
43.The athletes are anxiously waiting for the final ______ of the game,because it is essential for them to go into the next round.( )
A.outcome B.outline
C.comeback D.cooperation
【分析】运动员们焦急地等待着比赛的最终结果,因为进入下一轮比赛对他们来说至关重要。
【解答】考查名词词义辨析。A.outcome结果;B.outline纲要;C.comeback复出;D.cooperation合作。结合句意及后文because it is essential for them to go into the next round可知,空处意思应该是"结果",A项符合题意。
故选:A。
【点睛】对于名词的词义辨析这种题,做题时要先弄清楚各个选项的含义及用法,再结合句意及其它要求确定最终选项。
44.The school has a system of___________ and punishments to encourage good behavior.( )
A.prices B.funds C.awards D.rewards
【分析】这个学校有套赏罚系统去鼓励好的行为。
【解答】答案 D 根据题意,这个学校有套赏罚系统去鼓励好的行为。A.price价格;B.fund基金;C.award奖赏;D.reward奖赏,回报。
故选:D。
【点睛】单项选择题考查内容广泛,涉及词汇、语法、习语、日常用语等。在有限的题量中注意知识的覆盖面,设计特定的语境综合考查学生在一定语境中运用语言知识的能力。
45.There is a increase in students' creativity since they have been greatly encouraged to develop their own ways of doing things in recent years.( )
A.slight B.tight
C.significant D.various
【分析】近年来,学生们被鼓励发展自己的做事方式,因此他们的创造力有了明显的提高。
【解答】考查名词的词义辨析。A.slight轻微的;B.tight紧的;C.significant显著的;D.various各种各样的。结合句意,空格处的意思应该是"显著的",故符合题意。
故选:C。
【点睛】本题着重考查名词的词意辨析,这就要求我们学生在平时学习的过程中要时刻关注名词的词意,也可以考虑将形近意不近的多个名词放在一起对比记忆,这样更加有利于加深对于名词的记忆。
46.There was a slight in Jamie's voice,but he accepted the offer anyway. ( )
A.harmony B.format C.fluency D.hesitation
【分析】Jamie的声音里略微有些犹豫,但是不论怎样他还是接受了这个提议。
【解答】答案:D.根据题意,Jamie的声音里略微有些犹豫,但是不论怎样他还是接受了这个提议。本题考查名词的词义辨析。A.harmony和谐;B.format模式;C.fluency流利度;D.hesitation犹豫。
故选:D。
【点睛】本题着重考查动词短语的辨析,这就要求我们学生在平时学习的过程中要时刻关注动词短语的意思,也可以考虑将形近意相近的多个动词短语放在一起对比记忆,这样更加有利于加深对于动词短语的记忆。
47.Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother.( )
A.害怕;婚姻 B.害怕;仪式 C.敢;仪式 D.敢;婚姻
【分析】即使和妈妈结婚多年,爸爸也不敢尝试。
【解答】dare :敢;胆敢。marriage:结婚;婚姻。结合句意:即使和妈妈结婚多年,爸爸也不敢尝试。可知第一个dare为"敢..."为动词;第二个marriage为"婚姻"是名词。故选:D。
【点睛】做此类题,平时多积累词义和用法,做题时需结合选项和句意做出判断。
48.The book on health has _________ on the children as _________ as the old.( )
A.a good effect;good
B.a positive effect;well
C.a good affect;well
D.affect;well
【分析】这本关于健康的书对孩子和老人都有积极的影响。
【解答】参考答案:have an effect on"";as well as"和……一样"。句意:这本关于健康的书对儿童和老人都有积极的影响。
考查名词以及形容词词义辨析。A.a good effect好的效果;good好的;B.a positive effect积极的效果;well好的;C.a good affect影响(动词);well好的;D.affect影响(动词);well好的。结合句意,第一空处意思应该是"对……有影响"应使用固定短语have an effect on,可排除C和D项。第二空处意思应该是as well as"和……一样,也",此处表示"还有,也,以及"的意思,可排除A项。
故选:B。
【点睛】先明白题干大意,再分析选项含义,选出正确且最符合题意的选项。
49.Standing at the top of the rock, one can see the _____ of the whole island and enjoy the sky and the sea meeting on the horizon.( )
A.contentment B.representative
C.delicateness D.landscape
【分析】站在岩石的顶端,可以看到整个岛屿的景观,欣赏天空和大海在地平线上相交的景象。
【解答】A选项为:满足、满意;B选项为:代表,典型;C选项为:精美;D选项为:风景。
故选:D。
【点睛】首先明白题干大意,再分析选项含义,选出正确且最符合题意的选项。
50.As an experienced cook,her main cooking ______ is to use only fresh ingredients.( )
A.innovation B.philosophy C.trend D.sample
【分析】作为一名经验丰富的厨师,她的主要烹饪理念是只使用新鲜食材。
【解答】考查名词词义辨析。A.innovation创新;B.philosophy哲学,信条;C.trend趋势;D.sample样本。结合语境,空处意思应该是"信条,哲学",B项符合题意。
故选:B。
【点睛】对于名词的词义辨析这种题,做题时要先弄清楚各个选项的含义及用法,再结合句意及其它要求确定最终选项。
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