2023届高考英语被动语态The Passive Voice的复习课件(25张ppt)
文档属性
| 名称 | 2023届高考英语被动语态The Passive Voice的复习课件(25张ppt) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 186.4KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-11-01 18:16:54 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共25张PPT)
The Passive Voice
被动语态
语态的分类和定义：
英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
1.主动语态：主语是动作的执行者；
2.被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。
Many people speak English.（主动语态）
English is spoken by many people.（被动语态）
被动语态的用法：
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被""受""给"等被动词来表示被动意义 。
1.结构：be+ done (+ by)
其中，be动词要随着时态和人称的单复数而变化，而过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
时态判断：①标志词（by “被”）；②逻辑关系
注意：强调事物的自然属性和状态时，一般用被动。
2.不同时态的被动语态
主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 ①am/is/are②do/does am/is/are+done
一般过去时 ①was/were②did was/were+done
一般将来时 ①will +V.②be going to do ①will+be done②be going to +be done
现在进行时 am/is/are+doing am/is/are+being+done
现在完成时 have/has+done have/has been done
过去进行时 was/were+doing was/were+being+done
过去将来时 would/should +V. would/should be + done
过去完成时 had+done had+been+done
情态动词 情态动词+V. 情态动词+be+done
主动语态变为被动语态例句：
一般将来时：
主：Everyone will know the truth soon .
被：The truth will be known by everyone.
现在完成时：
主动：They have warned us to be careful of rats.
被动：We have been warned to be careful of rats by them.
情态动词：
主动：We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.
被动：More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion.
3.主动语态变成被动语态的步骤和注意事项
步骤：
1.将宾语变成主语;
2.把谓语变成被动结构，时态要跟原主动语态时态相符;
3.原主语如果有必要留下，则用介词by引导放在动词之后，将主格改为宾格。
主语 谓语 宾语
He mended the bike yesterday.他昨天把车修好了。
The bike was mended by him yesterday.
主动语态
被动语态
（1）如果要将直接宾语(物)变为主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定的。
常见的能接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的词有：give, show, bring, lend, send等，这些词与介词to搭配；还有buy, make, draw等，这些词与介词for搭配。
①Mother bought us a big present.妈妈给我们买了一份大礼物。
→A big present was boughtfor us by mother.
②He showed me the ticket.
他向我出示了这张票。
→The ticket was showed tome by him.
（2）含有宾语补足语的句子，宾语变为主语后，宾语补足语改为主语补足语，原来的位置一般不变。但如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，包括感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, look at, listen to及使役动词make, let, have和动词help，在变为被动语态时，要加上to，以便将两个动词隔开。
①I saw him enter the Room 102.我看见他进入102室了。
→He was seen to enter the Room 102.
②he teacher made me help you with your English.老师让我帮助你学英语。
→I was made to help you with your English by the teacher.
（3）含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一 个整体，不可把它们分隔开来,不要丢漏动词短语中的副词或介词。
①We can take good care of your child here.
我们会在这里把你的孩子照看的很好。
→Your child can be taken good care of here by us.
②People often make fun of him.
人们常常拿他取乐。
→He is often made fun of by people.
4.特殊用法
（1）不及物动词和表示瞬间动作的动词短语无被动语态，例如：appear, die（死亡）,disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand，break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.(√)
After the fire, very little has been remained of my house.（×）
火灾后，家里没剩下什么东西。
（2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。
This key just fits the lock.
这把钥匙适合这个锁。
（3）系动词无被动语态，除了keep：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good.听起来很好。
（4）强调事物的自然属性和状态时，不用被动。
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
（5）Get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。相对来说它的使用还没有Be+过去分词构成的被动语态那么广泛，一般限于口语和非正式书面语；但它却有着用得愈来愈多的趋势，是一种生气蓬勃的语言现象。
The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。
（6）It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用以上句型：
It is said that…据说……
It is reported that…据报道……
It is believed that…大家相信……
It is hoped that…大家希望……
It is well-known that…众所周知……
It is thought that…大家认为……
It is suggested that…据建议……
经典例题讲解
1．His private museum together with his art collections________ to the country as a gift.
A．has offered B．have offered C．is offered D．are offered
【答案】C
【详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：他的私人博物馆和他的艺术收藏品作为礼物赠送给了这个国家。together with连接两个并列的主语时，遵循就远原则，谓语动词的形式和较远的主语保持一致，本句和private museum保持一致，且主语和offer之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，故选C。
2.A professor at the Academy has proposed that a fund _________ to raise money.
A．establishes B．established C．be established D．will establish
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：学院的一位教授建议设立一个基金来筹集资金。动词proposed作为“建议”之意，后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词使用should +动词原形，should可以省略。 a fund与establish之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选C。
3.It’s believed that tea ______ to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.
A．brought B．is brought C．has been brought D．was brought
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：据说茶是在6世纪和7世纪被带到韩国和日本的。根据句中时间状语during the 6th and 7th centuries可知，用一般过去时。tea 与bring之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选D
4.Scientists fear that these medicines________ market before their effects are fully understood.
A．are rushing to B．are being rushed to
C．have rushed to D．have been rushing to
【答案】B
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：科学家们担心，这些药物会在药效尚未完全了解之前就匆忙上市。A.are rushing to急于；B.are being rushed to急于；C.have rushed to急于；Dhave been rushing to急于。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语 these medicines之间是被动关系；表示现在正在进行的事，应用现在进行时，故设空处为现在进行时的被动语态；主语为these medicines，结合主谓一致。故填B。
5.Great as Newton was, lots of his ideas ______ today and are being modified by the work of current scientists.
A．are to be challenged B．are challenged
C．may be challenged D．have been challenging
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：尽管牛顿很伟大，但他的许多想法在今天受到了挑战，并且正在被当代科学家的所改进。分析可知his ideas与 challenge之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；and连接前后两个并列成分，时态应保持一致，都应用现在时；由主语 his ideas可知谓语用复数；故选B项。
6.The kind of glasses produced by experienced craftsmen ______ comfortably.
A．is worn B．wears C．wearing D．are worn
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：这种由有经验的工匠制作的眼镜戴起来很舒服。 分析句子可知，句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时，句中的主语是this kind，所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数．其中wear的用法比较特殊，在本句中表示主语的特征和属性，此时没有被动态。故选B。
用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．Up to now, a number of tests ________ (conduct) to make sure that it has no side effects. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】have been conducted
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，已经进行了许多试验以确保它没有副作用。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文Up to now可知为现在完成时的被动语态，主语为 a number of tests ，助动词用have。故填have been conducted。
2.The girl______________(attract) by the beauty of nature, so she decided to spend another two days. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was attracted
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这个女孩被大自然的美丽所吸引，所以她决定再待两天。分析句子可知，句子陈述的是过去的事且“女孩”与“吸引”之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态， 且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填was attracted。
3.—Are we about to have dinner —Almost, mother said it ________ (serve) in the dining room. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】is being served
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：——我们要吃晚饭了吗？——差不多了，妈妈说餐厅里正在上菜。根据句意可知，句子陈述正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时；it指代饭菜，与serve是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填is being served。
4.They made up their mind that a new house______(buy) once Larry changed jobs.
【答案】would be bought
【详解】考查过去将来时的被动语态。句意：他们决定，一旦拉里换了工作就要买一栋新房子。根据语境可知，本空格要用过去将来时。从句的主语a new house与谓语动词buy二者是被动关系，故要用过去将来时的被动语态，故填would be bought。
5.More roads ___________(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
【答案】will be built
【详解】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：四川省很快将修建更多的公路，以促进当地经济发展。根据时间状语soon， 要用一般将来时，主语more roads与谓语动词build二者是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态，故填will be built。
作业:单句语法填空
1. An exhibition of paintings ___________(hold)at the museum next week．
2. Since last year, some new gyms___________ (complete)in Beijing.
3.Many students in that school ___________ (send)to USA to study medicine last year.
4. The football match___________ (hold) in our school next week.
5.English ___________(study) by us every day.
6.These cakes ___________(make) by my mother last night.
will be held
have been completed
were sent
will be held
is studied
were made
The Passive Voice
被动语态
语态的分类和定义：
英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
1.主动语态：主语是动作的执行者；
2.被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。
Many people speak English.（主动语态）
English is spoken by many people.（被动语态）
被动语态的用法：
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被""受""给"等被动词来表示被动意义 。
1.结构：be+ done (+ by)
其中，be动词要随着时态和人称的单复数而变化，而过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
时态判断：①标志词（by “被”）；②逻辑关系
注意：强调事物的自然属性和状态时，一般用被动。
2.不同时态的被动语态
主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 ①am/is/are②do/does am/is/are+done
一般过去时 ①was/were②did was/were+done
一般将来时 ①will +V.②be going to do ①will+be done②be going to +be done
现在进行时 am/is/are+doing am/is/are+being+done
现在完成时 have/has+done have/has been done
过去进行时 was/were+doing was/were+being+done
过去将来时 would/should +V. would/should be + done
过去完成时 had+done had+been+done
情态动词 情态动词+V. 情态动词+be+done
主动语态变为被动语态例句：
一般将来时：
主：Everyone will know the truth soon .
被：The truth will be known by everyone.
现在完成时：
主动：They have warned us to be careful of rats.
被动：We have been warned to be careful of rats by them.
情态动词：
主动：We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.
被动：More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion.
3.主动语态变成被动语态的步骤和注意事项
步骤：
1.将宾语变成主语;
2.把谓语变成被动结构，时态要跟原主动语态时态相符;
3.原主语如果有必要留下，则用介词by引导放在动词之后，将主格改为宾格。
主语 谓语 宾语
He mended the bike yesterday.他昨天把车修好了。
The bike was mended by him yesterday.
主动语态
被动语态
（1）如果要将直接宾语(物)变为主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定的。
常见的能接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的词有：give, show, bring, lend, send等，这些词与介词to搭配；还有buy, make, draw等，这些词与介词for搭配。
①Mother bought us a big present.妈妈给我们买了一份大礼物。
→A big present was boughtfor us by mother.
②He showed me the ticket.
他向我出示了这张票。
→The ticket was showed tome by him.
（2）含有宾语补足语的句子，宾语变为主语后，宾语补足语改为主语补足语，原来的位置一般不变。但如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，包括感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, look at, listen to及使役动词make, let, have和动词help，在变为被动语态时，要加上to，以便将两个动词隔开。
①I saw him enter the Room 102.我看见他进入102室了。
→He was seen to enter the Room 102.
②he teacher made me help you with your English.老师让我帮助你学英语。
→I was made to help you with your English by the teacher.
（3）含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一 个整体，不可把它们分隔开来,不要丢漏动词短语中的副词或介词。
①We can take good care of your child here.
我们会在这里把你的孩子照看的很好。
→Your child can be taken good care of here by us.
②People often make fun of him.
人们常常拿他取乐。
→He is often made fun of by people.
4.特殊用法
（1）不及物动词和表示瞬间动作的动词短语无被动语态，例如：appear, die（死亡）,disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand，break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.(√)
After the fire, very little has been remained of my house.（×）
火灾后，家里没剩下什么东西。
（2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。
This key just fits the lock.
这把钥匙适合这个锁。
（3）系动词无被动语态，除了keep：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good.听起来很好。
（4）强调事物的自然属性和状态时，不用被动。
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
（5）Get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。相对来说它的使用还没有Be+过去分词构成的被动语态那么广泛，一般限于口语和非正式书面语；但它却有着用得愈来愈多的趋势，是一种生气蓬勃的语言现象。
The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。
（6）It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用以上句型：
It is said that…据说……
It is reported that…据报道……
It is believed that…大家相信……
It is hoped that…大家希望……
It is well-known that…众所周知……
It is thought that…大家认为……
It is suggested that…据建议……
经典例题讲解
1．His private museum together with his art collections________ to the country as a gift.
A．has offered B．have offered C．is offered D．are offered
【答案】C
【详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：他的私人博物馆和他的艺术收藏品作为礼物赠送给了这个国家。together with连接两个并列的主语时，遵循就远原则，谓语动词的形式和较远的主语保持一致，本句和private museum保持一致，且主语和offer之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，故选C。
2.A professor at the Academy has proposed that a fund _________ to raise money.
A．establishes B．established C．be established D．will establish
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：学院的一位教授建议设立一个基金来筹集资金。动词proposed作为“建议”之意，后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词使用should +动词原形，should可以省略。 a fund与establish之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选C。
3.It’s believed that tea ______ to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.
A．brought B．is brought C．has been brought D．was brought
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：据说茶是在6世纪和7世纪被带到韩国和日本的。根据句中时间状语during the 6th and 7th centuries可知，用一般过去时。tea 与bring之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选D
4.Scientists fear that these medicines________ market before their effects are fully understood.
A．are rushing to B．are being rushed to
C．have rushed to D．have been rushing to
【答案】B
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：科学家们担心，这些药物会在药效尚未完全了解之前就匆忙上市。A.are rushing to急于；B.are being rushed to急于；C.have rushed to急于；Dhave been rushing to急于。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语 these medicines之间是被动关系；表示现在正在进行的事，应用现在进行时，故设空处为现在进行时的被动语态；主语为these medicines，结合主谓一致。故填B。
5.Great as Newton was, lots of his ideas ______ today and are being modified by the work of current scientists.
A．are to be challenged B．are challenged
C．may be challenged D．have been challenging
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：尽管牛顿很伟大，但他的许多想法在今天受到了挑战，并且正在被当代科学家的所改进。分析可知his ideas与 challenge之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；and连接前后两个并列成分，时态应保持一致，都应用现在时；由主语 his ideas可知谓语用复数；故选B项。
6.The kind of glasses produced by experienced craftsmen ______ comfortably.
A．is worn B．wears C．wearing D．are worn
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：这种由有经验的工匠制作的眼镜戴起来很舒服。 分析句子可知，句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时，句中的主语是this kind，所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数．其中wear的用法比较特殊，在本句中表示主语的特征和属性，此时没有被动态。故选B。
用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．Up to now, a number of tests ________ (conduct) to make sure that it has no side effects. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】have been conducted
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，已经进行了许多试验以确保它没有副作用。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文Up to now可知为现在完成时的被动语态，主语为 a number of tests ，助动词用have。故填have been conducted。
2.The girl______________(attract) by the beauty of nature, so she decided to spend another two days. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was attracted
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这个女孩被大自然的美丽所吸引，所以她决定再待两天。分析句子可知，句子陈述的是过去的事且“女孩”与“吸引”之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态， 且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填was attracted。
3.—Are we about to have dinner —Almost, mother said it ________ (serve) in the dining room. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】is being served
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：——我们要吃晚饭了吗？——差不多了，妈妈说餐厅里正在上菜。根据句意可知，句子陈述正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时；it指代饭菜，与serve是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填is being served。
4.They made up their mind that a new house______(buy) once Larry changed jobs.
【答案】would be bought
【详解】考查过去将来时的被动语态。句意：他们决定，一旦拉里换了工作就要买一栋新房子。根据语境可知，本空格要用过去将来时。从句的主语a new house与谓语动词buy二者是被动关系，故要用过去将来时的被动语态，故填would be bought。
5.More roads ___________(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
【答案】will be built
【详解】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：四川省很快将修建更多的公路，以促进当地经济发展。根据时间状语soon， 要用一般将来时，主语more roads与谓语动词build二者是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态，故填will be built。
作业:单句语法填空
1. An exhibition of paintings ___________(hold)at the museum next week．
2. Since last year, some new gyms___________ (complete)in Beijing.
3.Many students in that school ___________ (send)to USA to study medicine last year.
4. The football match___________ (hold) in our school next week.
5.English ___________(study) by us every day.
6.These cakes ___________(make) by my mother last night.
will be held
have been completed
were sent
will be held
is studied
were made