2023届高三英语二轮复习：主语从句 教案

高中英语语法专题：主语从句
学习目标：本课讲主语从句，前面讲完句子成分和结构，趁热打铁，给学生讲解各类从句。从句是对句子成分的句式延伸，理解好句子成分对学习三大从句十分重要！
【语法天地】
主语从句subject clauses)
1、概述; 在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。
引导主语从句的词有从属连词、连接代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether,
连接代词: who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, who (m) ever, whichever;连接副词: when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。That you don't like him is none of my business.你不喜欢他不管我的事。What he said is true.他说的是真的。
2、从属连词that, whether 引导的主语从句。
（一）由that引导的主语从句
1. that引导主语从句时，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，无具体词义，只是起到连接主句的作用，不能省略。
e.g.1) That the earth is round true. 地球是圆的，是一个事实。
2) That they will go is certain. 他们去是肯定的。
3) That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. 食物和疾病有关，这已不是新的发现了。
2. that在引导主语从句时，如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，保持句子的平性，我们可用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。上面例句则可换成：
1) It is true that the earth is round.
2) is certain they will go.（引导学生仿照第一句自己填空：It; that）
3) .（引导学生自己完成整句话，如此一来学生可更好地理解主语从句后置：It is not a new discovery that food is related to illness.）
“It happened that we were out for a walk yesterdayevening. 昨天晚上碰巧我们都出去散步了。”这句话可否把主语从句还原放句子前面？
有些句子出于结构的需要，只能以it开头，主语从句置后。如：
It appeared to scientists on earth that the stars had moved.对于地球上的科学家们来说，星球曾经移动过。
不能改写为：That the stars had moved appeared to scientists on earth.
通常的结构有：（引导学生注意此类句型的中文表达，以利于后期类似句型的翻译）
1）It + be + 形容词＋that从句（当形容词是important, natural, necessary, essential, surprising等时，从句谓语用(should) +动词原形，should可省略。）
It is necessary that… 有必要…
It is important that …. 重要的是…
It is obvious that…… 很明显……
2） It + be + -ed分词＋that从句（当过去分词是suggested, demanded, required, commanded, recommended, ordered等词时，从句用(should) +动词原形，should可省略。）
It is believed that… 人们相信…
It is known to us/all that …. 众所周知…
It has been decided that…… 已经决定……
3） It + be + 名词＋that从句
It is common knowledge that… …是常识
It is a surprise that …. 令人惊奇的是…
It is a fact that…… 事实是……
4） It + 不及物动词＋that从句
It appears that… 似乎…
It happens that …. 碰巧…
It occurred to me that…… 我突然想起……
注意：it be +-ed分词+ to do
例如： It is reported the store to have been robbed yesterday. 据报道昨天这个商店被抢劫了。
【课堂练习】
1. It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
2. a pity that I didn't see you last week.
A. That's B. What's C. It's D. There's
3 It's known to us chewing gum helps prevent tooth decay.
A. why B. that C. whether D. how
Keys: BCB
注意区分：it 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。
而 it 引导的强调句句型的结构为：It is/was+被强调部分+that引导的从句（如果被强调部分是人，也可用who代替that），是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词 that。被强调部分指人是也可 用 who/whom。
例如：
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place.
It is John that broke the window.
注意：此点是常考点，也是易错点。因为强调句型的检验符合去掉it be和that如果剩下的部分稍加调整句序是正确的，如果不是这样就是主语从句。
【课堂练习】
It is Li Lei’s brother you met in the street yesterday.
It is exciting we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V.
Keys: who/that; that
（二）由whether引导的主语从句
1. whether引导主语从句，有具体的意思“是否“，但不充当句子成分，也不能省略。
e. g. Whether she's coming or not doesn't matter too much. 她来不来没有多大关系。
Whether引导的主语从句也常常可以后置。如：
It is not known yet whether we can take the bus over the bridge when there is a heavy fog.
= Whether we can take the bus over the bridge is not known.
有大雾的时候能否坐公交车过桥，这还不知道。
注意：引导主语从句时不能用if代替whether. 如不能说：It is uncertain if he will succeed or fail.
1. we will have a meeting hasn't been decided yet.
A. If B. That C. What D. Whether
2 . It is doubtful he knows it or not.
A. that B. if C. what D. whether
Keys: DD
3. 由wh-词引导的主语从句
1. what有时可用来表示the thing(s) which这种意思引导从句，表示一样东西或一件事情，译为“......的东西、事情”，这种用法的what称为关系代词。who，whom，which，what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起强调作用。这些关系词在句子中充当成分，所以不能省略。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导。如：
What I need ( = The thing which I need ) is a mobile phone. 我所需要的是一部移动电话。
What they need are experienced teachers. 他们所需要的是有经验的老师。
Whoever leaves the office ( =Anyone who leaves the office) should tell me.
无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。
Whatever we do must be in the interests of the people. 我们所做的一切都要符合人民的利益。
2. wh-引导主语从句，除了起连接作用以外，还在从句中充当一定的句子成分等，有具体的词义，不能省略。
Who made the long distance call is not important. 谁打的长途电话并不重要。
Which country they will go to is still unknown. 他们要去哪个国家仍旧无人可知。
What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.
他想要看到的是世界上不再有军队。
Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone. 他为什么没来谁也不清楚。
When we shall have our sports meeting is still a question. 运动会什么时候举行还是个问题。
How a telephone works is a question which not everyone can answer. 电话是怎样工作的，这个问题并不是每个人都能回答。
Where we'll plant trees has not been decided yet. 我们要去哪里植树仍未决定。
批注：通过例句可引导学生准确判断句子成分，为后期的从句学习做好铺垫。
【课堂练习】
1. caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
2. It doesn't matter will take charge of the work.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
3. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, our astronauts desire to do is to walk in space.
A. where B. what C. that D. how
4. we are saying is more than we will do.
A. That... that B. What... what C. Whatever.. . that D. As... as
5 has questions can ask the teacher after class.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Anybody D. One
6. the problem is always in my mind．
A. How could I deal with B.How I can do with C. What I can do with D. What I could deal with
Keys: AABBBC
1 . I don’t understand I s_____ you keep so many old books．
A. What；that B. That；that C. What；why D. what；how
2. answer the phone isn’t important.
A who B whoever C what D That
3. wins the prize may get the car.
A. Who B. Whom C. WhomeverD. Whoever
Keys: CAD
【易错点汇总】
结 构 主语从句 + 谓语动词 或 It + 谓语动词 + 主语从句
语 序 陈述句语序
时 态 主、从句时态具体情况具体分析
连 词 （标明词义） That（无词义，不可省略） whether（是否，不可用if） 连接代词和连接副词（本身词义）
名词性从句要注意的几点问题
1. that，what，whether，if须注意的情况
1) that，whether，if在从句中不作成分，而what在从句中既引导从句又作成分。
2) whether在从句中不作任何成分，但有不确定的意义，而that无任何意义。
2. whether，if引导名词性从句的区别
1) whether可以引导表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句和介词的宾语从句，而if不能。
2) whether和if引导的从句都可以作动词宾语，这时whether =if。
3. whether，if与that的选择
1) doubt，wonder，not know，not decide，still a problem，still a question后多接whether，if从句。
2) no wonder，no doubt，well known后多接that从句。
4. who, whoever, no matter who
1)名词性从句的主语表示一个人时，用who引导从句。
2)名词性从句表示任何人时，用whoever引导从句，whoever=anyone who。
3) no matter wh-只能用来引导让步状语从句，主从句之间有逗号隔开。
4) wh-ever可以引导名词性从句也可以代替no matter wh-引导的状语从句。
5. 名词性从句都用陈述语序。
6. 从句作主语时，主句中的谓语动词一般用单数，或者与表语保持一致。
【要点总结】
主语从句的连词分三类
（1）从属连词引导的主语从句 （that whether if）
that引导的主语从句：引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省。That引导主语从句通常用it作形式主语。
例如: That you will win the medal seems unlikely.
That she survived the accident is a miracle.
whether引导主语从句：whether有含义（是否）在句中不做成分/不可以省。
注意:引导主语从句，不能用if不能在开头，只能用 whether。
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
（2）用连接代词引导的主语从句
在由连接代词who, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分。
例如： What you nced is more practice.
Whatever we do is to serve the people.
注: whatever/whoever的功用
Whatever,whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
whatever anything that； whoever -anyone who.
（3）用连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句（其连接副词有含义在句中作状语。）
例如: Where we should leave it is problem.
When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.
二、it作形式主语的主语从句
有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分四种情况：
对于以连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语it替代主语从句：
＜a＞It is＋名词＋从句
It is fact that……… 事实是……； It is good news that………是好消息；It is a question that………是个问题； It is common knowledge that……是常识 类似的名词还有: a pity; wonder; good thing; no wonder; surprise等。
It is a mystery to me how it all happened.
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.
＜b＞It is＋形容词＋从句
It is necessary that……有必要……； It is clear that………很清楚……； It is likely that…很可能……； It is important that…重要的是……
类似的形容词还有： strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing， etc.
It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.
It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.
It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.
It is necessary that you （should）master the computer.
需要注意的是这类主语从句中，请语动词很多为“（should）＋动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。＜c＞ It is＋过去分词＋从句
It is said that … 据说……；It is reported that …据报道……；It has been proved that … 已证明……；It must be proved that… 必须指出……
类似的过去分词还有：known；estimated；expected；believed；thought；hoped；noted；discussed; required；decided；suggested；demanded；made clear；found out，etc.
例如： It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars.
It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.
＜d＞It seems 不及物动词（happened / appears / doesn’t matter / makes no difference / occurred …）that …主语从句不可提前
It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
It does not matter if I missed my train.
It happened that I saw him yesterday.
（2）对于以连接代词（副词）引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句：
Whether they would support us was a problem.
It was a problem whether they would support us.
（3）对关系代词型what引导的主语从句，通常直接将主语从句放在句首。如：
What we need is money．我们需要的是钱。
What I want to know is this．我想知道的就是这一点。
有时也可将助用形式主语。如：It is clear enough what he meant．他是什么意思很清楚。
（4）如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构：
Is it true that he is the girl’s father？他是那女孩的父亲，是真的吗？
How is it that you are late again？你怎么又迟到了？
三、连词that的省略问题
引导主语从句的连词that有时可省，有时不能省，其原则是：若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则that不能省略；若that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语it，则that可以省略：
That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。（that不可省）
It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the that．很遗憾你没去听报告。（that可省）
【典例分析】
1、It never occurred to me _____ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
A. which B.what C.that D. if
2、It's obvious to the students _______ they should get well prepared for their future.
A.as B. that C. which D.whether
3、______ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plug by many others.
A. Whether B.What C.That D.How
4、It is uncertain ______side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
A. that B.how C.what D. whether
【答案】CBB
【解析】
It occurs/occurred to sb that...突然想起…
名词性从句，it为形式主语，后面句意完整，不缺成分，所以选D
regard缺少宾语，选what
B，bring about sth，sth 作宾语，用连接代词作宾语
makes mistakes must correct them
A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever
【答案】C
【解析】主语从句，根据句意选C。
2. It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
【答案】B
【解析】主语从句，固定搭配：It worried sb that……令某人担心的是……
3. When and why he came her yet.
A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not known
【答案】A
【解析】主语从句的主谓一致，特殊疑问词表示同一件事用单数。
4. is no reason for dismissing her.
A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes late
C. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late
【答案】C
【解析】主语从句，排除法。
5. Tom liked to cat was different from .
A. That,. that you had expected B. What... that you had expected
C. That... what you had expected D. What. what you had expected
【答案】B
【解析】前一个空缺少宾语，like what to do。
6. we go swimming every day us a lot of good.
A. If, do B. That, do C. If, does D. That, does
【答案】D
【解析】前一个空不缺任何成分，主语从句由单数引导，表示一件事谓语动词用单数。
7.It Bob drives badly.
A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that
【答案】D
【解析】固定搭配，it is thought that+句子，据说……
8. It's uncertain the experiment is worth doing.
A. if B. that C. whether D. how
【答案】C
【解析】it’s uncertain that不确定的是，用疑问词whether。
9. the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.
A. That B. What C. How D. Which
【答案】A
【解析】陈述事实用That引导。
10. we can't get seems better than a we have.
A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what
【答案】A
【解析】根据题意选A。
11. you don't like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
【答案】C
【解析】陈述事实用That引导主语从句。
12. we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
【答案】B
【解析】主语从句，根据题意选B。
13. is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.
A. That B. Why C. How D. Who
【答案】D
【解析】主语从句。
14. we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.
A. When B. Why C. What D. That
【答案】A
【解析】主语从句。
15. he won’t go there is clear to all of us.
A. How B. What C. Why D. This
【答案】C
【解析】根据题意，选C。
16. the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.
A. If B. Where C. That D. What
【答案】B
【解析】根据题意，在主语从句中作关系副词，选B。
17. you come or not is up to you.
A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether
【答案】D
【解析】whether……or not是否。
18. makes mistakes must correct them.
A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody
【答案】C
【解析】根据题意，选C。
19. team will win the match is a matter of public concern.
A. Which B. That C. If D. How
【答案】A
【解析】which team哪个队，根据题意选A。
20. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
【答案】C
【解析】whoever，根据题意选C。
【课后作业】
I. 主语从句单项填空
1. It worries the couple a lot ___________ their only son is behaving worse and worse these days.
2. _________________ comes home first will cook dinner for the family.
3. It should be obvious to everyone we need to make some changes.
4. _______the press reported was not the way the event happened yesterday.
5. ________ every student really needs is fair treatment and attention from the teacher, isn’t it
6. _______________ the city’s public school system should be open to the children of migrant workers has become the focus of discussion.
7. _________ countries having great difficulties in economy right now need most of all is financial aid rather than lecturing.
8. _______ there is life on another planet, most scientists believe, is almost impossible.
1-8 that, Whoever, that, What, what, Whether, what, That
II. Translation using subjective clauses.
1. 众所周知，2010年的世博会在上海举行。(It is known)
It is known to all that the 2010 Expo will be held in Shanghai.
2. 人类什么时候能上火星仍然是个谜。(mystery)
.When the human beings can visit Mars is still a mystery.
3. 好像他们已经把房子卖给了一个来自瑞士的商人。(It seems)
It seems that they have sold the house to a Swiss businessman.
4. 春节他打算送什么礼物给他父亲还没有决定。(decide)
What he plans to give his father as a gift in the Spring Festival is not decided.
5. 后天碰巧他要去北京开个会。(It happens)
. It happens that he will go to Beijing for a meeting.
6. 他竟然会在自己的小区里迷路真是太奇怪了。(strange)
It is strange that he should be lost in the neighborhood he lives in.
III. Translation using subjective clauses.
1. 究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性 (motivate)
_____________________________ motivated Xiao Wang to learn electronic engineering
What was it that motivated Xiao Wang to learn electronic engineering
What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm to study electronic engineering
2. 让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。(so)
To my parents’ satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so does the living room.
What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room.
4. 博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷清，急需改善。(whose)
_______________________________________________________________________________
The museum is neglected in management where the exhibits are dusty, whose hall is deserted and there is an urgent need for improvement.
This museum is not well managed, whose exhibits are covered with dust, and there are few visitors, so everything is badly in need of improvement.
The museum whose management is reckless, whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted, requires immediate improvement.
5. 他们中谁可能当过排球教练 (may)
Which (one) of them _____________________________ a volleyball coach/instructor/trainer
Which (one) of them may/might have been a volleyball coach/instructor/trainer
6. 我看见他换上徒步鞋，向草坪走去. (make for)
I saw him _________________________________________ and make for the lawn.
I saw him change into//put on his /the walking shoes and make for the lawn.
I saw him change into his /the walking shoes and make for the lawn.
7. 妈妈将闹钟设为每六小时响一次，提醒自己该给宝宝量体温. (reminder)
(The) Mother_________________________, as a reminder to ____________________.
(The) Mother/Mum set/sets/ makes// made the (alarm) clock to ring/sound every six hours, as a reminder to take//measure//check her/the baby’s temperature.
8. 在这个村落里，人们通常每餐只吃八分饱，但这种健康的饮食习惯最初是为了应对食物短缺的困境。(until)
In this village, people eat _____________, but this healthy eating habit was originally developed to _____________.
In this village, people eat until they're almost full, but this healthy eating habit was originally developed to cope with food shortage.
9. 少喝含糖的饮料、否则你会容易发胖。（or）
Don't drink too much __________________ , or you will be easy to gain weight.
Don't drink too much sugary drinks/sugared beverages, or you will be easy to gain weight.
10．你是不是同意，在心情愉快的时候，总会有创意出现。（occur)
Do you agree (that) creativity always occurs __________________________
Do you agree (that) creativity always occurs when you are in a good mood
11. 当谈到办公室冲突的时候，专家建议更多反思自己，更多换位思考，并及时与同事沟通。(when it comes to...)
When it comes to office conflicts/workplace conflicts/conflicts in office, experts/specialists suggest one should ___________________, always _________, and communicate with workmates in time.
When it comes to office conflicts/workplace conflicts/conflicts in office, experts/specialists suggest one should reflect more on herself or himself, always put oneself in others' shoes, and communicate with workmates in time.
12. 李雷宁愿受罚也不愿说谎。(would rather)
Li Lei would rather ___________________.
Li Lei would rather be punished / be disciplined than lie / tell a lie.
13. 在过去三年中，他一直致力于研究信息的传播速度和人们生活节奏的关系。（commit）
In / During / Over the past three years, _____________________________.
In / During / Over the past three years, he has committed himself / has been committed all the time to researching / studying the relationship / connection between the transmission speed of information and the rhythm / pace of human life.
14. 有人声称这个减肥丸效果显著，立竿见影，且对身体无害。但事实远非如此。(It)
It is claimed that _____________and are harmless / do no harm to our body, but ________________.
It is claimed that weight-loss pills have an effective and immediate effect and are harmless / do no harm to our body, but it is far from the truth / case.
15. 正因为她按部就班地实现一个个短期目标，她才会在科学领域获得不断的突破。（It）
It was because she achieved the short-term goals ___________that she was able to ________________in the field of science.
It was because she achieved the short-term goals step by step that she was able to make breakthroughs one after another in the field of science.