中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题四 介词（解析版）
【解密高考】介词数量多，一次多义，用法活跃，是高考涉及较多的语法考点，高考英语对介词的考查主要体现在不及物动词后介词的搭配，固定搭配，介词短语做后置定语等。
【命题方向】2023年高考对介词（短语）及动词短语中介词和副词的考查会呈现复杂化、综合化； 语法填空对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词，将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查，精细化考查介词短语的辨析；语法填空对动词短语的考查可能会给出动词，设空处让考生填出与之搭配的介词或副词。
完形填空重点考查语境把握介词或介词短语的使用。
核心考点一、 表示“时间”的介词
1. at, on, in
(1) at表示“在某一时刻，某一时点”。如：
I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6点起床。
注：at daybreak在黎明 at noon在中午
at night在夜间 at Christmas在圣诞节期间
at the age of five在五岁时
(2) on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如：
I heard a shot on (the morning of ) March 18. 三月十八日(早晨) 我听到一声枪响。
We don’t have classes on Sunday. 星期天我们不上课。
(3) in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。如：
in the 20th century在20世纪 in 1999在1999年
in winter在冬季 in September在九月
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上
2. for, during, through
(1) for后接“一段时间”，表示某事持续多久，多与完成时连用。如：
She has been ill for several days. 她已经病了几天了。
(2) during表示“在……期间”。如：
I went to France for two weeks during the summer. 夏天我去了法国两个星期。
(3) through表示“一直……，自始至终”。如：
They worked hard through the winter. 整个冬天他们都在努力工作。
3. from, since
(1) from表示“时间的起点”，可译作“从……”，多用于“from…to/till…”中。如：
You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什么时间来都行。
(2) since表示“自从……以来（直到现在）”。如：
We have known each other since ten years ago. 我们十年前就认识了。
注意：
for和since都常与完成时连用，但for接时间段，since接时间点。如:
for two hours（持续）两小时 since last week从上周直到现在
4. before, by, till, until
(1) before指“在……之前”，与after相对。如：
Please come before ten o’clock. 请10点以前来。
(2) by指“不迟于，到……时为止，在……以前”。如：
We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.
到上学期末为止，我们已经学了1000多个单词了。
We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term.
到本学期结束前，我们将学了两千英语单词了。
注：by后接过去时间，常与过去完成时连用；by后接将来时间，常与将来完成时连用。
(3) till (until) “直到……为止”。 在肯定句中，till/until必须与延续动词连用；在否定句中，till/until常与非
延续性动词连用。如
I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock. 直到12点我才睡。
You must wait for him till tomorrow. 你必须一直等到他明天。
5. after, in, within
(1) in和after都可表示“在……之后”，但用法不同：
a. 用in时要具备两个条件：用于将来时；后接时间段
I’ll arrive in an hour. 我一小时后到达。
b. after既可用于将来时，也可用于过去时
He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌症，一年后去世了。
The meeting will end after 3:00pm. 会议将在下午三点后结束。
(2) within“在……时间之内”。强调事情发生的全过程不超出某一时间，没有时态的限制。如：
I can finish it within an hour. 我不需一小时就可把它做完。
【考例1】1．Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _______ half an hour.
A．by B．in
C．for D．until
【答案】B
【详解】考查介词辨析。句意：Jane很着急，因为去机场的火车半小时以后就要出发了。本题的关键是the train to the airport leaves火车将要离开；在这句话里使用了一般现在时代替将来时，表示按照车站的时间表列车进出。实际上本句是一个将来时，四个选项里只有“in+一段时间”可以和将来时连用。故B正确。
【考例2】19．September 30 is the day ________ which you must pay your bill.
【答案】by
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：9月30日是你必须付账单的最后期限。分析可知，设空处和which引导定语从句，修饰先行词，the day，此处by意为“不迟于……，在……之前”，所以填by。
【考例3】He called the two young men to him ________ dawn, when others were sound asleep.
【答案】before
【详解】考查介词。句意：在黎明前他给这两个年轻人打电话，那时其他人还在熟睡。根据when others were sound asleep，可知此处表示“在拂晓前”。应用介词before。故填before。
【考例4】The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys ________ at last it reaches the sea. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】till/until
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：长城自西向东蜿蜒而行，穿过沙漠，越过高山，穿过山谷，最后到达大海。由句型分析可知，这里应填连词，在根据句意，这里应表示“直到”最后流进海里。故填till/until。
核心考点二 表示“地点、方位”的介词
1. at, on, to, in
at表示在小地方; 在……附近，旁边
in 表示 在大地方; 在……围之内
on 表示毗邻，接壤
to 表示在 范围外，不强调是否接壤
He arrived at the station at ten.
He is sitting at the desk.
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
Jiangsu lies in the east of China.
Russia live on the north of China.
Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.
2. above, over, on
above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对；
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触；
on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
The bird is flying above my head.
There is a bridge over the river.
He put his watch on the desk.
3. along, through, across
(1) across 和 through 都可表示“横过”或“穿过”，前者主要表示从某物的表面“横过”，涉及“面”的概念；而后者则表示从某个空间“穿过”，涉及“体”的概念。如：
He walked across the road carefully. 他小心地走过马路。
He walked through the forest alone. 他独自一人走过森林。
有时 across 表示“横过”也可在“体”内进行，但此时它仍与through 有差别：前者表示从某个“体”的一端到另一端，而后者表示穿过两端。如：
He walked across the hall. 他从大厅的一端走到另一端。
He walked through the hall. 他穿过大厅。
(2)along 表示“沿着”，通常用于狭长的东西。如：
I saw him running along the road. 我看见他沿着这条路跑。
【考例5】The Great Wall winds its way ____high mountains, ___ deep valleys and ___ great deserts.
A．on, across, through B．over, through, through
C．over, through, across D．on, in, across
【答案】C
【详解】考查介词。句意：长城蜿蜒曲折越过高山，穿过山谷和沙漠。表示“越过”用over，表示“穿过内部”用through，表示“穿过表面”用across，故选C。
4. between, among
between一般指“两者之间”
among用于三个或三个以上的人或物之中，或笼统的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在……中间”。如：
Between the door and the windows there is a map. 门和窗户的中间有一张地图。
They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲在树林中。
【考例6】You have to stop eating ______ meals if you want to lose weight.
A．among B．within
C．between D．from
【答案】C
【详解】考查介词辨析。A. among在三者或以上之间；B. within在…内；C. between在两者之间D. from从，来自。句意：如果你想减肥就必须在两餐之间禁食东西。此处表示在两者之间，故选C.
三、其他介词
1. 表示“工具或手段”的介词 by, with, on
（1）by用某种方式,多用于交通。
by bus乘公共汽车,
by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。
注意:表示搭乘交通工具时,用by时不用冠词,用in时要用冠词。请比较:
I went there by bus/in a bus. 我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。
（2）with表示“用某种工具”。如:
He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。
（3）on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。
They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on tv. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。
【考例7】（2022年全国乙卷） May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ______ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
【答案】by
【详解】考查介词。句意：今年5月21日是联合国于2019年11月27日正式命名的第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”，be named by“由...命名”。故填by。
【考例8】After spotting a wallet on the front seat inside a parked car ________ its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the owner to return.
【答案】with
【详解】考查介词。句意：他在一辆停着的车的前座上发现了一个钱包，车窗是开着的，他在雨中守了大约两个小时，等着钱包的主人回来。由“its window down”可知，车窗开着是一个伴随的动作，应用with表伴随，with its window down是一个with复合结构，故填with。
2. 表示关于的介词 of, about, on
(1) of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。如:
He spoke of the film the other day. 他前几天提到了这部影片。
(2) about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。如:
Can you tell me something about yourself 你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗
(3)on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。如:
It’s a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
3. 表原因或理由的介词for, at, from, of, with, by, because of
(1)for表示原因,常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。如:
I am sorry for what i said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
(2)at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。如:
He was surprised at the news. 听到这消息他大吃一惊。
(3)from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。如:
He died from the wound. 他因受伤而致死。
(4) of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。如:
The old man died of hunger. 老人死于饥饿。
(5) with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。如:
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。
(6)by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
Her body was bent by age. 他因年老背弯了。
She took your umbrella by mistake. 我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。
(7)because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。如:
He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.
【考例9】（2022全国甲卷） He flew 4, 700 kilometers ________ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】from
【详解】考查介词和固定搭配。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从......到......”。故填from。
【考例10】The little pupil took his grandma _________ the arm and walked her across the street.
【答案】by
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：这个小学生拉住奶奶的手，扶她走过街道。本题考查短语take sb. by the arm拉住某人的胳膊，故填by。
常见的介词搭配：
1. “介词＋ 名词”型
(1) in 构成的短语
in advance 在前头，事先，预先 in case 如果，万一
in charge主管，掌管，看管 in common共有，共同，公有
in demand有需要的 in doubt 感到疑惑的，难以确定的
in effect实际上，生效 in fact事实上
in order按序，井然有序，情况良好； 恰当 in progress进行中
in return作为回报 in vain徒劳
in turn依次，替换地；相应地，转而
【考例11】His efforts to raise money for the programme were ______ vain because no one showed the intention of taking a cent from their own pockets.
【答案】in
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：他为这个项目筹款的努力是徒劳的，因为没有一个人打算从自己口袋里拿出一分钱。in vain为固定搭配，意为“徒劳；白费”。故填in。
(2) on构成的短语
on guard 在值勤 on leave在休假
on holiday在度假 on strike罢工
on sale出售 on loan借贷
on the move在移动，搬迁；离开 on the march在行军
on the go正在活动，正在奔走 on the air正在广播
(3) beyond构成的短语
beyond one's power是某人力所不及的 beyond praise夸不胜夸
beyond one's reach够不着 beyond description难以形容
beyond words无法用语言形容 beyond doubt无疑
beyond one's understanding 无法理解
【考例12】Although her description sounded wonderful, the price of the house was ______, so we didn’t buy it.
A．within reach B．beyond our range
C．in the lead D．under discussion
【答案】B
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：虽然她的描述听起来很好，但那房子的价格超出了我们的承受范围，所以我们没有买下来。A. within reach触手可及；B. beyond our range超出我们的范围；C. in the lead处于领先地位；D. under discussion在讨论中。根据后文“so we didn’t buy it”可知，此处指价格超出了我们的承受范围。故选B项。
(4) under构成的短语
under development 在发展中 under observation在观察中
under test在测试中 under construction在建设中
under examination在检查(调查)中 under consideration在考虑中
under repair在修理中
(5) at 构成的短语
at length 详细地，长时间 at sea茫然
at will任意地 at work在上班
at lunch在吃午饭 at rest在休息
at table在吃饭 at school上学
at church做礼拜 at peace处于和平状态
(6) out of 构成的短语
out of breath 上气不接下气 out of balance失去平衡
out of date过时 out of patience不耐烦
out of control失去控制 out of business破产
out of style过时，不时髦 out of the ordinary不寻常的
out of touch失去联系
2． 复杂介词型
(1) 表示原因(通常在句中作状语), 意为“由于，因为”。
because of：表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)；
on account of：常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。
(2) 表示“除……之外”。
with the exception of＝ except, except for“除……之外”；
apart from (＝美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除……之外”，相当于except (for), 又可以表示“除……之外，(还，也)”，相当于besides；
in addition to“除……之外(还，也)”，相当于besides。
(3) 表示“有关，关于”。
concerning=regarding“关于，就……而论，在……方面”；
with respect to“关于，就……而言”；
as for和as to用于句首时表示“至于”。
(4) 表示“在……之前”。
ahead of=in advance of，可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前，更早”， 还可表示“领先，优于”；
in front of 多指空间的前后关系，“在……前方”。
(5) 表示“支持，赞成”。
in support of 维护，支持，支援；
in favor of 可指某人“支持，赞成”，也可指事物“有利于……”
(6) 表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照”。
in the light of 按照，考虑到 in terms of 就……而言，谈到
according to 根据；按照 in view of 鉴于，因为
(7) 表示“尽管”。
in spite of 尽管，不管
【考例13】China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ______ benefit of all its citizen.
【解析】考查介词。句意：为了全体公民的利益，中国一直在推动公立医院的改革。结合句意表示为…的利益"短语为for the benefit of。故填for。
【考例14】________ being looked down upon, Stephen Curry never failed his fans' expectation and performed beyond everyone's expectations with his accurate shots and continuous efforts.
A．Because of B．In case of C．Despite D．As a result of
【答案】B
【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：为防止被人看不起的情况，Stephen Curry从来没有辜负过球迷的期望，他的精准投篮和不断努力的表现超出了所有人的期望。A. Because of 由于；B. In case of以防；C. Despite尽管；D. As a result of作为…的结果。结合句意，Curry应该是为了防止别人看不起，所以努力表现。其他选项不符合题意。故选B项。
一、单句语法填空
1. Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally, enabling ecosystem and fish populations to exist in harmony.
1.【解析】句意为：都江堰仍然让水自然流经岷江，使生态系统和鱼类种群和谐共存。in harmony为固定搭配，意为“和谐地”，故填in。
2. In the reading class, you are asked to read a passage from a book with which most people would be unfamiliar.
2.【解析】在阅读课上，你被要求阅读一本大部分人都不熟悉的书里的一篇文章。be unfamiliar with为固定搭配，意为“对……不熟悉”，此处为定语从句，介词提至关系代词前。
3. All of us students were dressed in school uniforms with red ribbons on our wrists, showing the energy of youth.
3.【解析】句意为：我们所有同学都穿着校服……be dressed in…为固定用法，意为“穿着……”，故填in。
4. The next day, we were given a long list of things to do but they were in a language that we could not understand at all.
4.【解析】句意为：第二天，我们收到一条长长的事情待做清单，但是这些事情都是用一种我们根本不懂的语言写的。表示语言的名词前常用介词in，表示“用某种语言”，故填in。
5. The initiative(倡议), called the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, aims to build a trade network by linking Asia with Africa and Europe along ancient trade routes.
5.【解析】句意为：这个被称作“丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路”的倡议旨在建立一个贸易网，将亚洲、非洲和欧洲沿着古代的贸易路线连接起来。根据句意可知，设空处表示“沿着”，故填along。
6. Despite these difficulties, they managed to work out 24 Solar Terms by studying the sun’s movement and also paying attention to other natural changes such as air temperature, water and crop growth.
6.【解析】句意为：尽管有这些困难，通过研究太阳的运动和关注气温、水、作物生长等自然变化，他们还是成功地制订了二十四节气。设空处后为名词词组，因此需要填介词。根据句意可知，设空处表示“尽管”，故填Despite。
7. Now in Shenzhen, if a delivery man gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice, he or she will be banned from driving food delivery vehicles for a whole year.
7.【解析】句意为：现在在深圳，送货员如果因违反交通规则被抓住两次以上，将被禁止驾驶送餐车一整年。ban sb. from doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“禁止某人做某事”，故填from。
8. This fascination led to an increasing demand for this product, and promoted the development of this trading route.
8.【解析】句意为：这种吸引力导致对这款产品的需求增加，从而促进了这条贸易路线的发展。demand for sth.为固定搭配，意为“对某物的需求”，故填for。
9. However, change is necessary if someone wants to keep up with the fast pace of modern life. Without change there would be no life at all.
9.【解析】句意为：然而，如果人们想要跟上现代生活的快速节奏，改变是很有必要的。没有改变就没有生活。由语境可知，此处表示“没有”，故填Without。
10. It’s of great importance to ask for help and let people know your feelings if you feel worried or anxious.
10.【解析】句意为：如果你感到担心或焦虑，寻求帮助并让别人知道你的感觉是非常重要的。此处为“be＋of＋抽象名词”结构，be of importance＝be important，故填of。
11. Tell your mom that you notice how much she does for the family.
11.【解析】句意为：告诉你妈妈，你知道她为家庭付出了多少。根据句意可知，设空处表示“为了”。故填for。
12. Confucius Institutes are worldwide non-profit public institutions established by the Chinese government to promote its language and culture by／through teaching plans and cultural exchanges.
12.【解析】句意为：孔子学院是中国政府设立的全球性非营利性公共机构，目的是通过教学计划和文化交流推广本国语言和文化。根据句意可知，设空处表示方式，意为“通过”。故填by／through。
13. During my first year in China, I spent the summer holidays with my family at the seaside in Beidaihe.
13.【解析】句意为：在中国的第一年，我和我的家人在北戴河海滨度过了暑假。spend… with sb.为固定搭配，意为“和某人共度……”，故填with。
14. From taking off hats to throwing mortar boards(学位帽) in the air, hats have long been associated with ceremonies and practices.
14.【解析】句意为：从脱帽到向空中扔学士帽，帽子一直以来都与仪式和惯例联系在一起。from… to…为固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。
15. Despite their popularity, only The Deer and the Cauldron as well as other three novels has been translated into English.
15.【解析】句意为：尽管它们很受欢迎，但只有《鹿鼎记》和其他三部小说被译成了英文。设空处后为名词，因此需填介词。根据句意可知，设空处表示“尽管”，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Despite。
16. Confucius(孔子) is honored for setting the tone for much traditional Chinese music for thousands of years.
16.【解析】句意为：几千年来，孔子因为许多中国传统音乐定下了基调而受到尊敬。be honored for…为固定搭配，意为“因……而受到尊敬”。
17. He hurried through the airport, and then raced to／toward the taxi sign.
17.【解析】句意为：他匆匆穿过机场，然后朝出租车的标志跑去。根据句意可知，设空处表示“向，朝，往（某个方向或某处）”。故填to/toward。
18. You can also apply for an undemanding position related to your desired industry.
18.【解析】句意为：你也可以申请一个与你期望的行业相关的轻松职位。apply for为固定搭配，意为“申请”。故填for。
【知识拓展】apply for， apply to， apply...to...的区别
（1）apply（to…）for…意为“（向……）申请……”，如：apply (to a company) for a job（向公司）申请一份工作。（2）apply to意为“适用于”，如：What I’m saying applies only to some of you.我所说的只适用于你们中的一些人。（3）apply… to…意为“把……应用到……”，如：The new technology has been applied to farming.这项新技术已经应用于农业。
19. Zodiac animals have both fixed and non-fixed elements attached to them.
19.【解析】句意为：十二生肖动物既有固定的元素，也有不固定的元素。attach… to…为固定搭配，意为“把……附在……”。故填to。
20. The 46-year-old professor of fine art at Tsinghua University has been working to make oracle bone inscriptions(甲骨文) into emojis.
20.【解析】句意为：这位46岁的清华大学美术教授一直致力于将甲骨文制作成表情符号。make… into…为固定搭配，意为“把……变成……”。故填into。
21. Its inclusion on the World Heritage List proved that this fact has been widely recognized by the international community.
21.【解析】句意为：将其列入世界遗产名录证明了这一事实得到了国际社会的广泛认可。分析句意可知，此处意为“在世界遗产名录上”，应使用介词on，表示“在……上”，故填on。
22. Masterpieces such as Along the River During the Qingming Festival were projected onto the roofs, giving visitors a feeling like walking through time.
22.【解析】句意为：《清明上河图》等名作被投射在屋顶上，让游客们有一种穿越时间的感觉。根据句意可知，设空处指“穿过”。故填through。
23. Normally it’s necessary to know what pattern looks nice against the wall when picking the curtain.
23.【解析】句意为：通常，挑选窗帘的时候知道哪种图案和墙搭配得好是很必要的。against在此意为“衬托”，符合句意。故填against。
【知识拓展】against的其他含义
（1）反对；违背；与……相反
（2）触；碰；撞；紧靠；倚靠
（3）与……竞争；对阵
（4）防备；抵御
24. There is no denying that the province is of great significance to the tourism development in China.
24.【解析】句意为：毫无疑问，这个省对中国旅游业的发展意义重大。此处为“be＋of＋抽象名词”结构，be of significance＝be significant，故填of。
25. But before reaching the top of the mountain, one of my feet was injured and I had to give up eventually.
25.【解析】句意为：但是，在到达山顶之前，我的一只脚受伤了，所以我不得不放弃。根据句意可知，设空处意为“在……之前”，应用介词before。
26. He said he was enthusiastic about Chinese, and asked me to find him some books intended for Chinese beginners.
26.【解析】句意为：他说他对中文很感兴趣，让我给他找一些适合中文初学者的书。be enthusiastic about…为固定搭配，意为“热衷于……；对……感兴趣”。故填about。
27. Antonio collected a drop of puddle water and put it under his microscope to observe.
27.【解析】句意为：安东尼奥收集了一滴水坑里的水，并把它放在他的显微镜下观察。根据句意可知，设空处表示“在……下面”。
28. It remains a difficult task, however, for Chinese films to appeal to North American moviegoers and achieve similar success beyond national borders.
28.【解析】句意为：然而，中国电影想要吸引北美电影爱好者并在海外取得同样的成功，仍然是一项艰巨的任务。根据语境可知，设空处指在海外，超出本国国土范畴，故填beyond。
29. In much of Asia, especially in the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
29.【解析】句意为：在亚洲大部分地区，特别是所谓的“饭碗”文化的中国、日本、越南，（人们）通常用筷子吃饭。根据句意可知，设空处意为“用；使用”。故填with。
30. According to the researchers, friendships can “make a world of difference”, and even influence how we respond to illness.
30.【解析】句意为：研究人员称，友谊可以“创造新世界”，甚至影响我们对疾病的反应。respond to…意为“对……做出反应，回应”。
31. During the Tang Dynasty, the Emperor Taizong established an opera school with a poetic name liyuan.
31.【解析】句意：在唐朝，太宗皇帝建立了一所戏剧学校，有一个富有诗意的名字——梨园。“a poetic name Liyuan”是定语，修饰“an opera school”。表示“拥有”之意，要用介词with。
32. After having a long study and a lot of hard work by the local people, the great Dujiangyan Irrigation System was completed.
32.【解析】考查介词。在经过长期调研和地方群众的大量艰苦工作之后，伟大的都江堰灌溉系统完工了。after意为“在……之后”，符合语境。
33. Smart LYZ, a Shenzhen-based company which focused on／upon developing AI technology and smart hotels, opened the first ever fully automated(自动化的) hotel in Chengdu.
33.【解析】此处表示专注于研发AI技术和智能宾馆。focus on／upon是固定搭配，意为“集中精力于”，故填on／upon。
34. Shared bikes are bringing cycling back to people’s lives.
34.【解析】此处表示“将骑自行车运动带回人们的生活中”，故填介词to。
35. A boy found a cocoon(茧) of a butterfly and watched the butterfly for several hours as it struggled to force its body through that little hole.
35.【解析】蝴蝶挣扎着迫使它的身体穿过那个小洞，表示“穿过”要用介词through。
【知识拓展】 through 表示“从中间穿过”，across 表示“从表面穿过”。
36. Researchers say we can accurately judge 90% of a stranger’s personality simply by looking at the person’s shoes.
36.【解析】根据空前的“90％”和空后的“a stranger’s personality”可知，空处表示所属关系，故用介词of。
37. According to the World Health Organization, about 200 million people suffered from malaria(疟疾) around the world last year.
37.【解析】句意：据世界卫生组织调查，去年全世界大约有2亿人得疟疾。suffer from 为固定搭配，意为“（因疾病、痛苦等）受折磨”。
38. You have no idea how she finished the relay race(接力赛) with her left foot injured so much.
38.【解析】此处为“with＋n.＋过去分词”结构，故填with。
39. 100℃ is the temperature at which water boils.
39.【解析】表示“在……度”时用介词at。
40. Of／Among of／among all the animals I’ve ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive.
40.【解析】all the…表示“在所有的……中”。注意首字母大写。
41. Although against my opinion, the old professor didn’t put forward his own.
41.【解析】against在此表示“反对”。
42. A serious study of physics is impossible without some knowledge of mathematics.
42.【解析】介词without表示“没有”。
43. He seemed to be giving the impression that he didn’t enjoy himself in Paris. On the contrary, he had a wonderful time.
43.【解析】on the contrary 意为“恰恰相反”，为固定搭配。注意首字母大写。
44. China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals for the benefit of all its citizens.
44.【解析】for the benefit of表示“为了……的利益”。
45. As is widely accepted, outdoor activities help children learn out of curiosity, which, in turn, promotes creativity.
45.【解析】in turn为固定短语，意为“转而；相应地”，符合句意，故填in。
46. The book tells the story of the growing relationship between a city girl, Sunflower, and a country boy, Bronze.
46.【解析】根据语境可知，这里应用between… and…表示“在……和……之间”。
47. On the morning of July 11th, the day after we arrived in Beijing, our guide took us to visit the Ming Tombs.
47.【解析】表示在具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上都用介词on。注意首字母大写。
48. At that time, they were two teenagers.
48.【解析】at that time 意为“在那时”，为固定搭配，故填At。
49. In Chinese, some words concerning(concern) dogs don’t have very good meanings，such as “No ivory(象牙) can come out of a dog’s mouth”.
49.【解析】考查介词。此处应用介词concerning表示“关于，涉及”。
50. Most caves are formed by nature under the ground, and some have entrances people can find.
50.【解析】此处表示“大部分洞穴是在地下自然形成的”，再结合空前的“are formed”可以判断，应用介词by。
51. Jane is in a hurry because the bus to the airport leaves in half an hour.
51.【解析】in a hurry 意为“匆忙，仓促”，为固定短语。
52. The little pupil took his grandma by the arm and walked her across the street.
52.【解析】句意：那个小学生挽着奶奶的手臂，护送她过了马路。take sb. by the arm 意为“挽着某人的手臂”。
53. All are welcome to join the yoga club regardless of age or sex.
53.【解析】regardless of 表示“不管，不顾”，为固定搭配。
54. She drove so fast that the car almost went off the road.
54.【解析】off the road 表示“偏离公路”。
55. In addition to the school, there is also a clinic in the village, which is also built with the support of the government.
55.【解析】in addition to表示“除……之外（还有）”。注意首字母大写。
56. As a doctor, you should be more patient with your patients.
56.【解析】be patient with 表示“对……有耐心”，是固定搭配。
57. We show great respect for Mr. Anderson, our new English teacher.
57.【解析】show respect for 表示“对……表示尊敬”，是固定搭配。
58. ——Do you look on him as an equal
——Probably not.
58.【解析】look on sb. as为固定搭配，意为“将某人看作”。故填as。
59. If the answer to the question is yes, you had better control your stress, as you are probably under more stress than what is good for you.
59.【解析】the answer to the question 意为“问题的答案”。故填to。
60. The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
60.【解析】句意：政府已经采取措施降低日常用品的高价以维持市场稳定。bring down 意为“减少，降低”，为固定搭配。
二、语篇型语法填空
61. On a Saturday afternoon a homeless man came into our shop. Normally we are closed on Saturday but 62. on this occasion I was there working on something. He started talking 63. about/of how he started a marketing company and wanted to see if he could help us. He then went into details 64. on/about his journey of jobs through life. He talked 65. for 20 minutes, telling me many stories 66. about his life adventures. Though most times I might get impatient when someone talks al lot, this time I practiced just listening and being present 67. for him. Though I wasn’t able to use what he was offering, I wished him well and offered him some water 68. for the rest of his journey. He thanked me 69. for listening and for my encouragement. He went off 70. in the hope getting his idea accepted somewhere else, while I stood there thinking. Even when we cannot always help, we can always listen. It matters!
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者遇到一个陌生人来自己的商店兜售其市场开发的观点。尽管作者对此不感兴趣，但还是认真倾听。
61. On【解析】考查介词短语。这里用介词on接具体某天的上／下午。
62. on【解析】考查介词搭配。这里用固定短语on this occasion表示这一次，因此本空填介词on。
63. about/of【解析】考查介词搭配。这里用动词短语 talk about／of表示“谈论”。
64. on/about【解析】考查介词搭配。本空填介词on或about表示“关于”。
65. for【解析】考查介词搭配。语境表示“他说了20分钟”，介词for接时间名词表示一段时间。
66. about【解析】考查介词搭配。语境表示“告诉我很多关于他人生的冒险经历”，因此本空填介词about。
67. for【解析】考查介词搭配。这里填介词for表示对象。
68. for【解析】考查介词搭配。短语 for the rest of 表示“在……剩下的时间”。
69. for【解析】考查介词搭配。这里填介词for 表示原因。thank sb. for (doing) sth. 表示“为（做）某事向某人道谢”。
70. in【解析】考查介词短语。用 in the hope of 表示“希望”。
三、单句语法填空（真题版）
1．（2022全国甲卷） He flew 4, 700 kilometers ________ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
1．from
【解析】
考查介词和固定搭配。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从......到......”。故填from。
2．（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilometers ________ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20.
2．from
【解析】
考查介词和固定搭配。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到…… ”。故填from。
3．（2022年新高考I卷）Giant pandas also serve ______ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
3．as
【解析】
考查介词。句意：大熊猫还充当（扮演）着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。serve as “充当”是固定搭配。故填as。
4．（2022年全国甲卷） Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ______ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
4．from
【解析】
考查介词。句意：现在，曹已经开始了他梦想的第二部分，沿着一带一路走下去。9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步返回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
5．（2022年全国乙卷） May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ______ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
5．by
【解析】
考查介词。句意：今年5月21日是联合国于2019年11月27日正式命名的第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”，be named by“由...命名”。故填by。
6．（2021新课标II卷）A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over ________ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
6．from
【解析】
考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 switch意为“转变”，句子表示“该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯”，from sth. to sth.意为“从……到……”，故填from。
7．（2021年北京卷）While riding his bike home ________ a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.
7．on
【解析】
考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。故填on。
8．（2020年北京卷）Over time, the bags fall apart________ countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them.
8．into##to
【解析】
考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，这些袋子分解成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。fall apart into/to...是固定搭配，意为“分崩离析成……”，故填into/to。
9．(2020新课标I卷)because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so ________ the familiar near side.
9．than
【解析】
考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。分析句子结构及句意可知空前的more so意为has more deep craters (环形山)，依据空后的the familiar near side可知此处是在将月球距离我们远的不熟悉的一面与距离近的熟悉的一面进行比较，需填介词than，表示“比……更”。故答案为than。
10．（2018新课标III卷）My name is Mireya Mayor. I was searching________ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
10．for
【解析】
考查介词短语。句意：我叫Mireya Mayor。我在寻找我一直观察的这三只西部低地大猩猩。根据固定搭配search for表示“寻找”，故填for。
11．（2022·内蒙古·呼和浩特市教育教学研究中心一模）Word came that the Beijing- Zhangjiakou high-speed railway, located in North China, is now ________construction, and is expected to be completed by 2020 in preparation for the cities to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
11．under
【解析】
考查介词。句意：有消息称，位于中国北方的京张家口高铁正在建设中，预计将于2020年完工，为2022年冬奥会的主办城市做准备。根据句意及空格后名词construction，可知此处涉及介词短语under construction“在建造中”。故填under。
12．（2022·江西·模拟预测）When visiting China, many travellers expect to have close contact with the giant panda, one of the most adorable creatures in the world. Actually, no other country can provide such a ________ (wonder) chance like China, as the giant panda is native ________China and thus serves as China's national symbol.
12．wonderful to
【解析】
1.考查形容词。句意：实际上，没有任何其它国家可以提供像中国这样好的机会，因为大熊猫是原产于中国的，并因此作为中国的国家符号。根据句子结构和意思可知，形容词修饰后面的名词chance。故填wonderful。
2.考查固定搭配。句意：实际上，没有任何其它国家可以提供像中国这样好的机会，因为大熊猫是原产于中国的，并因此作为中国的国家符号。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配be native to，表示“原产于”的意思。故填to。
13．（2022·广西桂林·二模）Snowflakes are created like magic, awakening (唤醒) characters often seen in Chinese New Year paintings, such as Qin Qiong and Yuchi Gong, two gods of the door, competing ________ alpine (高山) skiing, and Mu Guiying and Yang Zongbao, a couple as well as generals of the Song Dynasty (960-1279), engaging in pair skating.
13．in
【解析】
考查介词。句意：雪花像魔法一样被创造出来，唤醒了中国年画中经常出现的人物，比如参加高山滑雪比赛的门神秦琼和尉迟恭，以及从事双人滑冰的宋朝(960-1279)将军穆桂英和杨宗宝夫妇。compete in“参加……比赛”是固定搭配，符合句意。故填in。
14．The national railway operator said it will adjust bullet train ticket prices on six railway lines according ________ passenger numbers.
14．to
【解析】
考查固定短语。句意：国家铁路运营商表示，将根据乘客人数调整六条铁路线上的子弹头列车票价。according to是固定短语，意思是“根据”。故填to。
15．Another conflict started ________ him and me, but this time it was about color of the object.
15．between
【解析】
考查介词。句意：另一场冲突开始于他和我之间，但这次是关于物体的颜色。由句意可知，此处为表示“在两者之间”，因此用介词between。between him and me表示“在我和他之间”，满足句意要求。故填between。
16．One day, however, Han skipped the housework and joined some friends ________ a “game” of throwing rocks at passing cars.
16．in
【解析】
考查固定短语。句意：然而，有一天，韩没有做家务活，和一些朋友一起玩了一个向过往汽车扔石头的“游戏”。join sb. in sth.是固定短语，意思是“加入……参加活动”。故填in。
17．Caring for an elderly parent can take great efforts emotionally and physically, and the financial challenges can sometimes seem ________ our ability.
17．beyond
【解析】
考查介词。句意：照顾上了年纪的父母在情感上和体力上都要付出巨大努力，经济上的挑战有时候超过了我们的能力。根据句意此处应填介词beyond意思是“超出”。故填：beyond。
18．You are not wearing your seat belt, so you can slide in and out of your seat easily. That sounds ________ a lot of fun.
18．like
【解析】
考查固定短语。句意：您没有系安全带，因此您可以轻松地滑入和滑出座椅。这听起来像是很有趣。sound like意为“听起来像……”。故填like。
19．On top of that, the system can help cut the time needed to check class attendance ________ only a few seconds.
19．to
【解析】
考查介词。句意：最重要的是，该系统可以帮助将检查课堂出勤所需的时间缩短到几秒钟。根据句意可知，该系统可以帮助将检查课堂出勤所需的时间缩短到几秒钟，这里to表示程度、范围，意思是“到，达”。故填to。
20．The music of Beijing opera can be divided ________ the Xipi and Erhuang styles.
20．into
【解析】
考查介词。句意：京剧的曲调可以被分为西皮和二黄两种。divide…into是固定短语，意思是“把……分成”。故填into。
21．There will always be someone who will stop you in the street, asking for directions ________ the nearest ATM.
21．to
【解析】
考查介词。句意：总会有这样的人在街上拦住你问最近的自动取款机在哪个方向。direction 与to连用时，表示“去往……的方向”。根据句意，故填to。
22．The “new four great inventions” are all related ________ China’s high-tech innovation (创新), which has improved the people’s living standard.
22．to
【解析】
考查介词。句意：“新四大发明”全都与中国的高科技创新有关系，这种创新已经改善了人们的生活水平。be related to是固定短语，意思是“同……有联系”。故填to。
23．Northerners tend to eat more meat and dairy for the purpose ________ fighting against the cold weather.
23．of
【解析】
考查介词。句意：北方的人倾向于吃更多的肉和奶制品，目的是抵抗寒冷的天气。for the purpose of“为了……的目的”。故填of。
24．There was a note ________ his teacher informing that my son was invited to attend the competition but the parents were expected to pay for their children.
24．from
【解析】
考查介词。句意：来自他老师的一份通知告知我的儿子被邀请去参加这次比赛，但是父母要为孩子支付参赛费用。分析句子可知，横线处可以填入介词，his teacher作为其介词宾语，from意为“来自”，符合句意。故填from。
25．________ this particular occasion, the moon will appear 7 percent larger and 16 percent brighter than usual.
25．On
【解析】
考查固定短语。句意：在这个特别时刻，月亮显得比平时大7%，亮16%。on this/that occasion是固定短语，意思是“在……时候（场合）”。故填On。
26．In addition ________ many awards Damon has received, including Academy Awards and Golden Globe Awards, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2007 for his work in the film industry.
26．to
【解析】
考查固定词组。句意：Damon除了获得包括奥斯卡金像奖及金球奖的许多奖项外，他因为在电影业中的工作在2007成为好莱坞星光大道上的明星。根据设空处后面的many awards宾语成分可知，设空处应该填写介词。in addition to是固定短语，意为“除……之外”，符合句意，故填to。
27．She said her name was Miss Bai and kindly offered to show me ________ the city.
27．around
【解析】
考查介词短语。句意：她说她的名字是白小姐，她很乐意地带我参观这个城市。根据空后的the city作宾语成分可知，设空处应该填写介词。show sb around…是固定短语，意为“带领某人参观……”。故填around。
28．During the eighteenth century, it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot ________ a dump site (垃圾场).
28．as
【解析】
考查介词。句意：在18世纪，对于几个邻近的城镇来说，选择一个遥远的地点作为垃圾场是寻常的。根据句意可知，选择一个遥远的地点作为垃圾场是寻常的，as用作介词，意思是“作为”，符合语境。故填as。
29．I was a member ________ bird conservation organization at the time, so we often took care of injured birds.
29．of
【解析】
考查介词。句意：那时我是一个鸟类保护组织的一名成员，因此我们经常照顾受伤的鸟儿。分析句子可知，名词member和 bird conservation organization之间存在所属关系。of表示所属关系“……的”，a member of意思是“……的一名成员”，符合句意，故填of。
30．There I would watch the bamboo trees bend ________ the pressure from the wind.
30．under
【解析】
考查固定短语。句意：在那里，我会看着竹子在风的压力下弯曲。under the pressure是固定短语，意思是“在压力下”。故填under。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题四 介词（原卷版）
【解密高考】介词数量多，一次多义，用法活跃，是高考涉及较多的语法考点，高考英语对介词的考查主要体现在不及物动词后介词的搭配，固定搭配，介词短语做后置定语等。
【命题方向】2023年高考对介词（短语）及动词短语中介词和副词的考查会呈现复杂化、综合化； 语法填空对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词，将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查，精细化考查介词短语的辨析；语法填空对动词短语的考查可能会给出动词，设空处让考生填出与之搭配的介词或副词。
完形填空重点考查语境把握介词或介词短语的使用。
核心考点一、 表示“时间”的介词
1. at, on, in
(1) at表示“在某一时刻，某一时点”。如：
I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6点起床。
注：at daybreak在黎明 at noon在中午
at night在夜间 at Christmas在圣诞节期间
at the age of five在五岁时
(2) on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如：
I heard a shot on (the morning of ) March 18. 三月十八日(早晨) 我听到一声枪响。
We don’t have classes on Sunday. 星期天我们不上课。
(3) in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。如：
in the 20th century在20世纪 in 1999在1999年
in winter在冬季 in September在九月
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上
2. for, during, through
(1) for后接“一段时间”，表示某事持续多久，多与完成时连用。如：
She has been ill for several days. 她已经病了几天了。
(2) during表示“在……期间”。如：
I went to France for two weeks during the summer. 夏天我去了法国两个星期。
(3) through表示“一直……，自始至终”。如：
They worked hard through the winter. 整个冬天他们都在努力工作。
3. from, since
(1) from表示“时间的起点”，可译作“从……”，多用于“from…to/till…”中。如：
You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什么时间来都行。
(2) since表示“自从……以来（直到现在）”。如：
We have known each other since ten years ago. 我们十年前就认识了。
注意：
for和since都常与完成时连用，但for接时间段，since接时间点。如:
for two hours（持续）两小时 since last week从上周直到现在
4. before, by, till, until
(1) before指“在……之前”，与after相对。如：
Please come before ten o’clock. 请10点以前来。
(2) by指“不迟于，到……时为止，在……以前”。如：
We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.
到上学期末为止，我们已经学了1000多个单词了。
We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term.
到本学期结束前，我们将学了两千英语单词了。
注：by后接过去时间，常与过去完成时连用；by后接将来时间，常与将来完成时连用。
(3) till (until) “直到……为止”。 在肯定句中，till/until必须与延续动词连用；在否定句中，till/until常与非
延续性动词连用。如
I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock. 直到12点我才睡。
You must wait for him till tomorrow. 你必须一直等到他明天。
5. after, in, within
(1) in和after都可表示“在……之后”，但用法不同：
a. 用in时要具备两个条件：用于将来时；后接时间段
I’ll arrive in an hour. 我一小时后到达。
b. after既可用于将来时，也可用于过去时
He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌症，一年后去世了。
The meeting will end after 3:00pm. 会议将在下午三点后结束。
(2) within“在……时间之内”。强调事情发生的全过程不超出某一时间，没有时态的限制。如：
I can finish it within an hour. 我不需一小时就可把它做完。
【考例1】1．Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _______ half an hour.
A．by B．in
C．for D．until
【答案】B
【详解】考查介词辨析。句意：Jane很着急，因为去机场的火车半小时以后就要出发了。本题的关键是the train to the airport leaves火车将要离开；在这句话里使用了一般现在时代替将来时，表示按照车站的时间表列车进出。实际上本句是一个将来时，四个选项里只有“in+一段时间”可以和将来时连用。故B正确。
【考例2】19．September 30 is the day ________ which you must pay your bill.
【答案】by
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：9月30日是你必须付账单的最后期限。分析可知，设空处和which引导定语从句，修饰先行词，the day，此处by意为“不迟于……，在……之前”，所以填by。
【考例3】He called the two young men to him ________ dawn, when others were sound asleep.
【答案】before
【详解】考查介词。句意：在黎明前他给这两个年轻人打电话，那时其他人还在熟睡。根据when others were sound asleep，可知此处表示“在拂晓前”。应用介词before。故填before。
【考例4】The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys ________ at last it reaches the sea. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】till/until
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：长城自西向东蜿蜒而行，穿过沙漠，越过高山，穿过山谷，最后到达大海。由句型分析可知，这里应填连词，在根据句意，这里应表示“直到”最后流进海里。故填till/until。
核心考点二 表示“地点、方位”的介词
1. at, on, to, in
at表示在小地方; 在……附近，旁边
in 表示 在大地方; 在……围之内
on 表示毗邻，接壤
to 表示在 范围外，不强调是否接壤
He arrived at the station at ten.
He is sitting at the desk.
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
Jiangsu lies in the east of China.
Russia live on the north of China.
Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.
2. above, over, on
above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对；
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触；
on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
The bird is flying above my head.
There is a bridge over the river.
He put his watch on the desk.
3. along, through, across
(1) across 和 through 都可表示“横过”或“穿过”，前者主要表示从某物的表面“横过”，涉及“面”的概念；而后者则表示从某个空间“穿过”，涉及“体”的概念。如：
He walked across the road carefully. 他小心地走过马路。
He walked through the forest alone. 他独自一人走过森林。
有时 across 表示“横过”也可在“体”内进行，但此时它仍与through 有差别：前者表示从某个“体”的一端到另一端，而后者表示穿过两端。如：
He walked across the hall. 他从大厅的一端走到另一端。
He walked through the hall. 他穿过大厅。
(2)along 表示“沿着”，通常用于狭长的东西。如：
I saw him running along the road. 我看见他沿着这条路跑。
【考例5】The Great Wall winds its way ____high mountains, ___ deep valleys and ___ great deserts.
A．on, across, through B．over, through, through
C．over, through, across D．on, in, across
【答案】C
【详解】考查介词。句意：长城蜿蜒曲折越过高山，穿过山谷和沙漠。表示“越过”用over，表示“穿过内部”用through，表示“穿过表面”用across，故选C。
4. between, among
between一般指“两者之间”
among用于三个或三个以上的人或物之中，或笼统的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在……中间”。如：
Between the door and the windows there is a map. 门和窗户的中间有一张地图。
They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲在树林中。
【考例6】You have to stop eating ______ meals if you want to lose weight.
A．among B．within
C．between D．from
【答案】C
【详解】考查介词辨析。A. among在三者或以上之间；B. within在…内；C. between在两者之间D. from从，来自。句意：如果你想减肥就必须在两餐之间禁食东西。此处表示在两者之间，故选C.
三、其他介词
1. 表示“工具或手段”的介词 by, with, on
（1）by用某种方式,多用于交通。
by bus乘公共汽车,
by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。
注意:表示搭乘交通工具时,用by时不用冠词,用in时要用冠词。请比较:
I went there by bus/in a bus. 我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。
（2）with表示“用某种工具”。如:
He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。
（3）on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。
They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on tv. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。
【考例7】（2022年全国乙卷） May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ______ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
【答案】by
【详解】考查介词。句意：今年5月21日是联合国于2019年11月27日正式命名的第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”，be named by“由...命名”。故填by。
【考例8】After spotting a wallet on the front seat inside a parked car ________ its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the owner to return.
【答案】with
【详解】考查介词。句意：他在一辆停着的车的前座上发现了一个钱包，车窗是开着的，他在雨中守了大约两个小时，等着钱包的主人回来。由“its window down”可知，车窗开着是一个伴随的动作，应用with表伴随，with its window down是一个with复合结构，故填with。
2. 表示关于的介词 of, about, on
(1) of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。如:
He spoke of the film the other day. 他前几天提到了这部影片。
(2) about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。如:
Can you tell me something about yourself 你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗
(3)on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。如:
It’s a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
3. 表原因或理由的介词for, at, from, of, with, by, because of
(1)for表示原因,常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。如:
I am sorry for what i said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
(2)at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。如:
He was surprised at the news. 听到这消息他大吃一惊。
(3)from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。如:
He died from the wound. 他因受伤而致死。
(4) of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。如:
The old man died of hunger. 老人死于饥饿。
(5) with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。如:
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。
(6)by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
Her body was bent by age. 他因年老背弯了。
She took your umbrella by mistake. 我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。
(7)because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。如:
He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.
【考例9】（2022全国甲卷） He flew 4, 700 kilometers ________ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】from
【详解】考查介词和固定搭配。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从......到......”。故填from。
【考例10】The little pupil took his grandma _________ the arm and walked her across the street.
【答案】by
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：这个小学生拉住奶奶的手，扶她走过街道。本题考查短语take sb. by the arm拉住某人的胳膊，故填by。
常见的介词搭配：
1. “介词＋ 名词”型
(1) in 构成的短语
in advance 在前头，事先，预先 in case 如果，万一
in charge主管，掌管，看管 in common共有，共同，公有
in demand有需要的 in doubt 感到疑惑的，难以确定的
in effect实际上，生效 in fact事实上
in order按序，井然有序，情况良好； 恰当 in progress进行中
in return作为回报 in vain徒劳
in turn依次，替换地；相应地，转而
【考例11】His efforts to raise money for the programme were ______ vain because no one showed the intention of taking a cent from their own pockets.
【答案】in
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：他为这个项目筹款的努力是徒劳的，因为没有一个人打算从自己口袋里拿出一分钱。in vain为固定搭配，意为“徒劳；白费”。故填in。
(2) on构成的短语
on guard 在值勤 on leave在休假
on holiday在度假 on strike罢工
on sale出售 on loan借贷
on the move在移动，搬迁；离开 on the march在行军
on the go正在活动，正在奔走 on the air正在广播
(3) beyond构成的短语
beyond one's power是某人力所不及的 beyond praise夸不胜夸
beyond one's reach够不着 beyond description难以形容
beyond words无法用语言形容 beyond doubt无疑
beyond one's understanding 无法理解
【考例12】Although her description sounded wonderful, the price of the house was ______, so we didn’t buy it.
A．within reach B．beyond our range
C．in the lead D．under discussion
【答案】B
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：虽然她的描述听起来很好，但那房子的价格超出了我们的承受范围，所以我们没有买下来。A. within reach触手可及；B. beyond our range超出我们的范围；C. in the lead处于领先地位；D. under discussion在讨论中。根据后文“so we didn’t buy it”可知，此处指价格超出了我们的承受范围。故选B项。
(4) under构成的短语
under development 在发展中 under observation在观察中
under test在测试中 under construction在建设中
under examination在检查(调查)中 under consideration在考虑中
under repair在修理中
(5) at 构成的短语
at length 详细地，长时间 at sea茫然
at will任意地 at work在上班
at lunch在吃午饭 at rest在休息
at table在吃饭 at school上学
at church做礼拜 at peace处于和平状态
(6) out of 构成的短语
out of breath 上气不接下气 out of balance失去平衡
out of date过时 out of patience不耐烦
out of control失去控制 out of business破产
out of style过时，不时髦 out of the ordinary不寻常的
out of touch失去联系
2． 复杂介词型
(1) 表示原因(通常在句中作状语), 意为“由于，因为”。
because of：表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)；
on account of：常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。
(2) 表示“除……之外”。
with the exception of＝ except, except for“除……之外”；
apart from (＝美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除……之外”，相当于except (for), 又可以表示“除……之外，(还，也)”，相当于besides；
in addition to“除……之外(还，也)”，相当于besides。
(3) 表示“有关，关于”。
concerning=regarding“关于，就……而论，在……方面”；
with respect to“关于，就……而言”；
as for和as to用于句首时表示“至于”。
(4) 表示“在……之前”。
ahead of=in advance of，可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前，更早”， 还可表示“领先，优于”；
in front of 多指空间的前后关系，“在……前方”。
(5) 表示“支持，赞成”。
in support of 维护，支持，支援；
in favor of 可指某人“支持，赞成”，也可指事物“有利于……”
(6) 表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照”。
in the light of 按照，考虑到 in terms of 就……而言，谈到
according to 根据；按照 in view of 鉴于，因为
(7) 表示“尽管”。
in spite of 尽管，不管
【考例13】China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ______ benefit of all its citizen.
【解析】考查介词。句意：为了全体公民的利益，中国一直在推动公立医院的改革。结合句意表示为…的利益"短语为for the benefit of。故填for。
【考例14】________ being looked down upon, Stephen Curry never failed his fans' expectation and performed beyond everyone's expectations with his accurate shots and continuous efforts.
A．Because of B．In case of C．Despite D．As a result of
【答案】B
【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：为防止被人看不起的情况，Stephen Curry从来没有辜负过球迷的期望，他的精准投篮和不断努力的表现超出了所有人的期望。A. Because of 由于；B. In case of以防；C. Despite尽管；D. As a result of作为…的结果。结合句意，Curry应该是为了防止别人看不起，所以努力表现。其他选项不符合题意。故选B项。
一、单句语法填空
1. Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally, enabling ecosystem and fish populations to exist harmony.
2. In the reading class, you are asked to read a passage from a book which most people would be unfamiliar.
3. All of us students were dressed school uniforms with red ribbons on our wrists, showing the energy of youth.
4. The next day, we were given a long list of things to do but they were a language that we could not understand at all.
5. The initiative(倡议), called the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, aims to build a trade network by linking Asia with Africa and Europe ancient trade routes.
6. these difficulties, they managed to work out 24 Solar Terms by studying the sun’s movement and also paying attention to other natural changes such as air temperature, water and crop growth.
7. Now in Shenzhen, if a delivery man gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice, he or she will be banned
driving food delivery vehicles for a whole year.
8. This fascination led to an increasing demand this product, and promoted the development of this trading route.
9. However, change is necessary if someone wants to keep up with the fast pace of modern life. change there would be no life at all.
10. It’s great importance to ask for help and let people know your feelings if you feel worried or anxious.
11. Tell your mom that you notice how much she does the family.
12. Confucius Institutes are worldwide non-profit public institutions established by the Chinese government to promote its language and culture teaching plans and cultural exchanges.
13. During my first year in China, I spent the summer holidays my family at the seaside in Beidaihe.
14. From taking off hats throwing mortar boards(学位帽) in the air, hats have long been associated with ceremonies and practices.
15. their popularity, only The Deer and the Cauldron as well as other three novels has been translated into English.
16. Confucius(孔子) is honored setting the tone for much traditional Chinese music for thousands of years.
17. He hurried through the airport, and then raced the taxi sign.
18. You can also apply an undemanding position related to your desired industry.
19. Zodiac animals have both fixed and non-fixed elements attached them.
20. The 46-year-old professor of fine art at Tsinghua University has been working to make oracle bone inscriptions(甲骨文)
emojis.
21. Its inclusion the World Heritage List proved that this fact has been widely recognized by the international community.
22. Masterpieces such as Along the River During the Qingming Festival were projected onto the roofs, giving visitors a feeling like walking time.
23. Normally it’s necessary to know what pattern looks nice the wall when picking the curtain.
24. There is no denying that the province is great significance to the tourism development in China.
25. But reaching the top of the mountain, one of my feet was injured and I had to give up eventually.
26. He said he was enthusiastic Chinese, and asked me to find him some books intended for Chinese beginners.
27. Antonio collected a drop of puddle water and put it his microscope to observe.
28. It remains a difficult task, however, for Chinese films to appeal to North American moviegoers and achieve similar success national borders.
29. In much of Asia, especially in the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Vietnam, food is usually eaten
chopsticks.
30. According to the researchers, friendships can “make a world of difference”, and even influence how we respond
illness.
31. During the Tang Dynasty, the Emperor Taizong established an opera school a poetic name liyuan.
32. having a long study and a lot of hard work by the local people, the great Dujiangyan Irrigation System was completed.
33. Smart LYZ, a Shenzhen-based company which focused developing AI technology and smart hotels, opened the first ever fully automated(自动化的) hotel in Chengdu.
34. Shared bikes are bringing cycling back people’s lives.
35. A boy found a cocoon(茧) of a butterfly and watched the butterfly for several hours as it struggled to force its body that little hole.
36. Researchers say we can accurately judge 90% a stranger’s personality simply by looking at the person’s shoes.
37. According to the World Health Organization, about 200 million people suffered malaria(疟疾) around the world last year.
38. You have no idea how she finished the relay race(接力赛) her left foot injured so much.
39. 100℃ is the temperature which water boils.
40. all the animals I’ve ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive.
41. Although my opinion, the old professor didn’t put forward his own.
42. A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics.
43. He seemed to be giving the impression that he didn’t enjoy himself in Paris. the contrary, he had a wonderful time.
44. China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals the benefit of all its citizens.
45. As is widely accepted, outdoor activities help children learn out of curiosity, which, turn, promotes creativity.
46. The book tells the story of the growing relationship a city girl, Sunflower, and a country boy, Bronze.
47. the morning of July 11th, the day after we arrived in Beijing, our guide took us to visit the Ming Tombs.
48. that time, they were two teenagers.
49. In Chinese, some words (concern) dogs don’t have very good meanings，such as “No ivory(象牙) can come out of a dog’s mouth”.
50. Most caves are formed nature under the ground, and some have entrances people can find.
51. Jane is a hurry because the bus to the airport leaves in half an hour.
52. The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.
53. All are welcome to join the yoga club regardless age or sex.
54. She drove so fast that the car almost went the road.
55. addition to the school, there is also a clinic in the village, which is also built with the support of the government.
56. As a doctor, you should be more patient your patients.
57. We show great respect Mr. Anderson, our new English teacher.
58. ——Do you look on him an equal
——Probably not.
59. If the answer the question is yes, you had better control your stress, as you are probably under more stress than what is good for you.
60. The government has taken measures to bring the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
二、语篇型语法填空
61. a Saturday afternoon a homeless man came into our shop. Normally we are closed on Saturday but 62. this occasion I was there working on something. He started talking 63. how he started a marketing company and wanted to see if he could help us. He then went into details 64. his journey of jobs through life. He talked 65. 20 minutes, telling me many stories 66. his life adventures. Though most times I might get impatient when someone talks al lot, this time I practiced just listening and being present 67. him. Though I wasn’t able to use what he was offering, I wished him well and offered him some water 68. the rest of his journey. He thanked me 69. listening and for my encouragement. He went off 70. the hope getting his idea accepted somewhere else, while I stood there thinking. Even when we cannot always help, we can always listen. It matters!
三、单句语法填空（拔高版）
1．（2022全国甲卷） He flew 4, 700 kilometers ________ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
2．（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilometers ________ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20.
3．（2022年新高考I卷）Giant pandas also serve ______ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
4．（2022年全国甲卷） Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ______ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
5．（2022年全国乙卷） May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ______ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
6．（2021新课标II卷）A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over ________ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
7．（2021年北京卷）While riding his bike home ________ a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.
8．（2020年北京卷）Over time, the bags fall apart________ countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them.
9．(2020新课标I卷)because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so ________ the familiar near side.
10．（2018新课标III卷）My name is Mireya Mayor. I was searching________ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
11．（2022·内蒙古·呼和浩特市教育教学研究中心一模）Word came that the Beijing- Zhangjiakou high-speed railway, located in North China, is now ________construction, and is expected to be completed by 2020 in preparation for the cities to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
12．（2022·江西·模拟预测）When visiting China, many travellers expect to have close contact with the giant panda, one of the most adorable creatures in the world. Actually, no other country can provide such a ________ (wonder) chance like China, as the giant panda is native ________China and thus serves as China's national symbol.
13．（2022·广西桂林·二模）Snowflakes are created like magic, awakening (唤醒) characters often seen in Chinese New Year paintings, such as Qin Qiong and Yuchi Gong, two gods of the door, competing ________ alpine (高山) skiing, and Mu Guiying and Yang Zongbao, a couple as well as generals of the Song Dynasty (960-1279), engaging in pair skating.
14．The national railway operator said it will adjust bullet train ticket prices on six railway lines according ________ passenger numbers.
15．Another conflict started ________ him and me, but this time it was about color of the object.
16．One day, however, Han skipped the housework and joined some friends ________ a “game” of throwing rocks at passing cars.
17．Caring for an elderly parent can take great efforts emotionally and physically, and the financial challenges can sometimes seem ________ our ability.
18．You are not wearing your seat belt, so you can slide in and out of your seat easily. That sounds ________ a lot of fun.
19．On top of that, the system can help cut the time needed to check class attendance ________ only a few seconds.
20．The music of Beijing opera can be divided ________ the Xipi and Erhuang styles.
21．There will always be someone who will stop you in the street, asking for directions ________ the nearest ATM.
22．The “new four great inventions” are all related ________ China’s high-tech innovation (创新), which has improved the people’s living standard.
23．Northerners tend to eat more meat and dairy for the purpose ________ fighting against the cold weather.
24．There was a note ________ his teacher informing that my son was invited to attend the competition but the parents were expected to pay for their children.
25．________ this particular occasion, the moon will appear 7 percent larger and 16 percent brighter than usual.
26．In addition ________ many awards Damon has received, including Academy Awards and Golden Globe Awards, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2007 for his work in the film industry.
27．She said her name was Miss Bai and kindly offered to show me ________ the city.
28．During the eighteenth century, it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot ________ a dump site (垃圾场).
29．I was a member ________ bird conservation organization at the time, so we often took care of injured birds.
30．There I would watch the bamboo trees bend ________ the pressure from the wind.
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