“解题达人”备战2023高考语法之动词时态语态
目录 内容
板块一 基础知识解析
板块二 单句语法填空
板块三 篇章语法填空
一：基础知识解析
1：考点归纳
动词时态历来是高考考查的重点。动词时态考查虽多，但考向非常集中， 最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时，其次是现在完成时， 其他时态考查相对较少。因此备考重点是：
①动词时态的基本用法 ②动词语态的基本用法 ③主谓一致
通过“时态定义”解决时态：虽然新课标或考纲中列出了10种时态，但近三年全国卷主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。尽管如此，以下8种时态的基本用法和构成还应掌握。准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。
一般将来时 will do
过去将来时 would do
一般现在时 do/does
一般过去时 did
现在进行时 am/is/are doing
过去进行时 was/were doing
现在完成时 have/has done
过去完成时 had done
2：考点详解
1：动词时态的一般体
时态 用法 例句
一般
现在
时 表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night等连用。 On Monday mornings, it usually takes me an hour to drive to work though the actual distance is only 20 miles.周一早晨开车上班我一般要花费一个小时,尽管实际距离只有20英里。
如果主句用一般将来时,那么在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。 The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started.这位总统希望人们在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。
一般
过去
时
表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有关系,常与yesterday, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。 (2019江苏卷) A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith fell in love with the people and culture there.史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。
有些句子,虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语,但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态,也要用一般过去时。常见的有:know, think, expect, want等。 Edward, you play so well. But I didn't know you could play the piano.爱德华,你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。
一般
将来
时 “shall/will+动词原形”表示从现在看以后将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow, next year, in+一段时间等连用。其中shall通常用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.学生们一直在刻苦学习功课,他们的努力(将来)最终会获得成功。
“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯博士将在今年夏天和他的妻女一起游览北京。
一般
将来
时 “be to+动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作;也可表示职责、义务、意图、禁止等。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.10点前你必须得上交试卷。
The meeting is to be held at 3 o'clock this afternoon.会议将于今天下午3点举行。
“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 The train is about to start.火车就要开了。
按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come等动词。 The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.这家商店每天晚上11点关门。
表示位置转移的动词(短语),如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, run out等,可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。 Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there's none left.洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。
2：动词时态的进行体
时态 用法 例句
现在
进行
时 表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.我们今天面对的是一个陌生的新世界,并且我们都在想我们将要如何应对。
表示位置转移的动词,如:go, get, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear等,可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。 I am meeting Peter at the airport this afternoon. 今天下午我要去飞机场接彼得。
过去
进行
时 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作,常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten o'clock yesterday等连用。 He was writing a book last year, but I don't know if he has finished it. 他去年在写一本书,但我不知道他是否已经完成。
表示一个过去的动作正在进行时,另一个过去的动作发生了,常与并列连词when或while引导的时间状语从句连用。 Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.杰克正在实验室里工作,这时突然断电了。
将来
进行
时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作,常与一些标志性的时间状语连用,如:at this time tomorrow,by then, from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow等。 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be having a class at that time.简不能参加今天下午3点的会,因为她那个时间有课。
3：动词时态的完成体
时态 用法 例句
现在
完成
时 表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束,而且对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语:already, just, yet, never, before, lately, recently, in the last(past) few days/years, up to now, till now, so far等。 (2019江苏卷)The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months.在过去的三个月里,这位音乐家和他的乐队成员们已经进行了十场演出。
表示从过去某时开始一直延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常与since+时间点,for+时间段等表示一段时间的状语连用。 His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了许多好评。
在条件或时间状语从句中,用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。 I'll give my opinion when I have read the book through. 我读完了这本书就会告诉你我的意见。
过去
完成
时 表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。 When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I hadn't seen for years.当沿着街道散步的时候,我遇见了多年未见的戴维。
表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态,常用的时间状语:before, by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time+从句等。 It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.很久以后我才能够完全领会到他们为我做的一切。
表示“希望、打算”的动词(如hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, plan, intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的愿望或计划。 (2019天津卷)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.我本希望送给彼得一份礼物祝贺他结婚了,但我没能做到。
常使
用完
成时
的句
型 (1)This/It/That is the first/... time+that sb. has done sth.
This/It/That was the first/... time+that sb. had done sth.这/那是某人第几次做某事;
(2)It(This)is/was the+最高级+名词+that从句,从句中的谓语用现在/过去完成时;
(3)It is/has been+一段时间+since sb. did sth.
It was/had been+一段时间+since sb. had done sth.自从……以来多久了;
(4)Hardly(Scarcely)... when.../No sooner... than...一……就……,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
4：语态
基本
用法 被动语态的使用场合:(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者;(2)需要突出或强调动作的承受者。 (2019江苏卷)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals will have been installed by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.他们正在努力确保到2022年时为北京冬奥会安装5G终端。
主动
形式
表示
被动
意义 “系动词feel, sound, taste, look, smell, appear, seem, turn, stay, become, get, grow, keep等+形容词/名词”构成系表结构,常用主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软,卖得很好。
当sell, read, cut, wash, write, open, wear(磨损), run(运转), burn等不及物动词后有状语(well/easily等)修饰,用来表示主语的属性、特征或功能时,用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days I think it is suitable for us teenagers.你买了最近销售得很好的那本书了吗 我认为它适合我们青少年。
特别
提醒 有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态,如:have有;cost花费;lack缺少;own拥有;belong to属于;date from/back to追溯到;take part in参加;等等。
不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态,如:happen/take place/occur发生;remain剩下;last持续;break out爆发;come out出版;come up被提出;run out用完;等等。
3：解题技巧
谓语动词三步解题法
二：单句语法填空
1.He graduated from university last year and ___________ (work) in our company ever since.
解析：has been working/has worked 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：他去年大学毕业后就一直在我们公司工作。根据时间状语ever since可知，此处使用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，表示一个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在或者表示动作从过去持续到现在并将持续下去，主语为he，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has worked/has been working。
2.Hopefully by 2025 we _______ (develop) more convenient electronic products.
解析：will have developed 希望到2025年，我们能开发更方便的电子产品。根据时间状语by 2025，可知用将来完成时。
3.Scientists said that continued greenhouse gas emission _________(result) in long-lasting changes to the global climate.
解析：would result 考查动词的时态。句意为:科学家表示，持续的温室气体排放会导致全球气候的长期变化。根据前文said及语境可知此处表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作应用过去将来时.
4.Last week I took part in the Civil Service Admission Examination, for which I ________(prepare) for nearly three months.
解析：had prepared 考查动词的时态。句意为:上周我参加了公务员考试,为此我准备了将近三个月。根据句意可知,prepare这一动作发生在"took part in"之前,表示过去的过去,应用过去完成时。故填had prepared。
5.The new technology （ provide） people everywhere with many benefits over the years.
解析：has provided根据时间状语over the years可知，句子应使用现在完成时，主语the new technology为单数，助动词应用has。故填：has provided。
6.The manager got to the company in a hurry, only to find that he (leave) his laptop at home.
解析：had left考查过去完成时。句意:经理匆匆忙忙来到公司,结果却发现他把笔记本电脑忘在家里了。根据语境可知,"忘在家里"这个动作发生在"到达公司"这个动作之前,表示过去的过去,应用过去完成时,故填had left。
7.It was in March.Surrounded by a group of girls who ____________ (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldn’t help crying.
解析：pointed 考查一般过去时；根据后面的laughed可知，设空处为pointed。句意:那是在三月。被一群女孩包围着，指着我并嘲笑我，我忍不住哭了起来。
8.Over the past few months，I ____________ (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws.
解析：have learned(learnt) 考查现在完成时；根据前面的Over the past few months可知，设空处用现在完成时。句意:在过去的几个月里，我了解到没有人是完美的，我们都有缺陷。
9.One day, when I was drawing diagrams on the balcony and he (bathe) inside, the volcano erupted unexpectedly.
解析：was bathing。本句为and连接的并列结构，根据前面的was drawing便可得知此处应填 was bathing。句意:有一天，当我在阳台上画图表，他正在里面洗澡时，火山突然爆发了。
10.While online shopping (change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
解析：根据语境结合后面的have been可知此处应用现在完成时，强调对现在造成的结果或影响，又主语为online shopping，故应填has changed。句意:虽然网上购物改变了我们的生活，但并不是所有的影响都是积极的。
11.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody (have) to worry about fashion
解析：has/will have 空格前面的从句为一般现在时，主句谓语动词应该用一般现在时或者一般将来时。而句子主语nobody是第三人称单数，所以当句子为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。
12.While regularly eating out seems to (become) common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost.
解析：have become 根据时间状语in recent years可知，此处应用动词不定式的完成式。 seem to have done “似乎已经做过”。
13.While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.
解析：is考查时态和主谓一致。本文介绍了跑步的好处，通篇以一般现在时为主。本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，故用一般现在时；且宾语从句中的主语为it，故用is。
14.Mr Wang said that he （explain）the problem before the plan was carried out. However, he was asked to do it again.
解析：had explained 王先生说他在计划实施之前已经解释了这个问题，但是他被要求再解释一遍。动词|explain作宾语从句的谓语动词，根据句意，该动词发生在was carried out之前，即过去的过去，所以应该用过去完成时态
15.It was the first time that he __________（visit）the New Coastal Area of Tianjin and was so impressed by its fast development.
解析：had visited 考查时态。句意：这是他第一次来到天津这个新的沿海地区，天津的快速发展给他留下了深刻印象。分析题意，根据固定搭配It +be+the +序数词+time+that（某人第几次做某事）可知，若be动词为was时，从句的动词用过去完成时。故此处的时态为过去完成时。
16.Hopefully, in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______（develop）more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
解析：will have developed 考查时态。句意：希望到2025年我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时我们会开发出更方便的电子通讯工具。根据前句中时间状语in 2025可知，用将来时态；再根据by then可知，到2025年那时，我们已经开出了更方便的通讯工具，所以用将来完成时。故选D。
17.Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
解析：were used 由语境和must have been可知此处讲的是过去的事情,主语Steam engines和use之间是被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。句意：蒸汽机被使用去拉动车厢，这一定是相当不愉快的乘客，所有的烟雾和噪音。
18.Surprisingly, a few years later, I am back in Virginia where I (grow) up and have just launched my very own insurance platform with my wife, Jade.
解析：grew 句意:令人惊讶的是,几年后,我回到了我长大的地方——弗吉尼亚州,和我的妻子Jade刚刚推出了自己的保险平台。设空处表达:我曾经在那里长大,是过去发生的事情。应该用一般过去时,故填grew。
19.On Oct. 5th, Tu Youyou (award) the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She shared the prize with two other scientists from Ireland and Japan.
解析：was awarded 句意:10月5日,屠呦呦被授予2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。她与另外两名来自爱尔兰和日本的科学家分享了这个奖项。根据句中时间状语 On Oct.5th可知时态用一般过去时。主语Tu Youyou与award之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填 was awarded。
20.They swear to marry each other, but (oppose)strongly by their parents and villagers.
解析：are opposed 考查动词的时态和语态。他们发誓要结婚,但是却遭到了他们的父母以及村民的坚决反对。句子的主语是They,连词but连接两个并列的谓语动词。设空处动词与主语之间是被动关系,时态为一般现在时,故填are opposed。
21.Some American scholars ________ (think) China could hardly realize food-sufficiency because of the limited water resources, decrease of agricultural land due to industrial expansion and the fast population growth.
解析： thought考查时态。句意：美国有学者认为，由于水资源有限，工业扩张导致农业用地减少，人口快速增长，中国很难实现粮食自给。根据“think”后宾语从句谓语动词“could hardly realize”（很难实现）是一般过去时，所以空格处也用一般过去时。故填thought。
22.A new group of free employees have been added to a French workforce. So far, a theme park in western France ________ (employ) six birds, more exactly six crows, to collect and deal with garbage — mainly cigarette ends and other small pieces.
解析：has employed考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：一群新的自由雇员加入了法国的劳动力大军。到目前为止，法国西部的一个主题公园雇佣了六只鸟，更准确地说是六只乌鸦，来收集和处理垃圾——主要是烟头和其它小碎片。分析句子成分可知，此处缺少谓语动词，根据时间状语so far，可知时态为现在完成时；句子主语a theme park和动词employ之间是主动关系，且主语是单数名词。故填has employed。
23.Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a health care system in which patients ________ (treat) with natural plant, animal, and mineral remedies (药物).
解析：are treated考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：中医是一种用天然植物、动物和矿物药物治疗病人的保健系统。根据句意可知，此句描述一般事实，故用一般现在时。主语patients与treat是动宾关系，故用被动语态，因此句子用一般现在时的被动语态，即is/are done，主语patients是复数，因此空格处是are treated，故填are treated。
24.In the afternoon, we delivered a lecture to the students there. Not only ________ we give them tips on how to choose proper books for themselves, but also guided them on how to read different kinds of books.
解析：did考查部分倒装。句意：我们不仅教他们如何为自己选择合适的书，而且还指导他们如何阅读不同种类的书。“not only”置于句首，用部分装结构；根据“but also guided them”可知，此处为一般过去时，所以空格处也要用一般过去时；该处谓语动词是“give”，所以用助动词do/did/does。故填did。
25.When the two parts ________ (put) together, it means people keeping their words win trust. You can understand the philosophy at first glance.
解析：are put考查动词语态和时态。句意：当这两部分结合在一起时，就意味着言行一致的人赢得了信任。分析句子结构可知，此空处为谓语动词；此处描述客观事实，故用一般现在时；谓语动词put和主语parts之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；主语为复数，故谓语动词用复数形式，故填are put。
26.The team________ (treat) more than 3,000 people who were injured in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia, and spent several months giving aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan.
解析：have been考查动词时态。句意：多年来，大量的哈利·波特迷都去苏格兰的爱丁堡，参观据报道作者J·K·罗琳开始创作该系列小说的地方。根据时间状语For years可知，用现在完成时，主语fans复数，谓语复数形式。故填have been。
27．For years, large number of Harry Potter fans________ (be) to Edinburgh, Scotland, to visit the sites where it was reported author J.K. Rowling had started writing the series.
解析：was elected考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：上周，16岁的瑞典气候变化活动家格蕾塔·通伯格(Greta Thunberg)当选为2019年“年度人物”。分析句子可知，此处是句子谓语动词，主语“Greta Thunberg”和“elect”之间是被动关系，由“last week”判断时态为一般过去时，应用一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were done，主语是单数，因此空格处是was elected，故填was elected。
28.There are two main reasons for that. First, Chinese cultural and tourism authorities ________ (promote) Chinese culture for long.
解析：考查时态。句意：第一，长期以来，中国文化和旅游部门一直在推广中国文化。根据句中for long可知，句子应用现在完成时，且结合语意，强调“推广”这一动作是一直正在进行的，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been promoting。
29.In April, the ministry advised that a primary school student ________ (go) to bed before 9:20 pm, a middle school student before 10 pm and high school student before 11 pm separately, 99.8 percent of primary and secondary schools have issued rules preventing students bringing smartphones to class and provided communication channels for students to contact their parents in an emergency, he said.
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：在4月教育部建议小学生就寝时间一般不晚于晚上9点20，初中生一般不晚于晚上10点，高中生一般不晚于23:00。advise后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略，故填(should) go。
30.Scientists showed the first-ever photograph of a black hole on April 10, 2019. The photo ________ (show) at press conferences held at the same time in Shanghai, Taipei, Tokyo, Washington DC, Brussels and Santiago.
解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这张照片同时在上海、台北、东京、华盛顿、布鲁塞尔和圣地亚哥同时举行的新闻发布会上展出。根据上文的“on April 10, 2019 ”及本句中的“at the same time”可知，句子用一般过去时，主语The photo和动词show之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是名词单数，be动词用was。故填was shown。
三：篇章语法填空
Passage A
Nowadays, Chinese people 1 （impress）by the progress of our country, which is extremely exciting. We 2 （make）great progress in science and technology in the past decades, especially the progress in space exploration. We conquered the space, and the conquest represents a visible proof of our nation’s 3 （strong）.
The advances in space technology will be 4 （benefit）to us in the long run. Thanks to communication satellites, we can see television pictures transmitted（传送）across the globe, and we can communicate with our friends and business partners 5 are far away from us. Without exploring the space, we could never figure out its mysteries（奥秘）or broaden our horizons far beyond the boundary of 6 planet Earth.
Besides, what distinguishes us from animals 7 （be）that we know we need to explore. Actually, the space technology is not only the search 8 knowledge but also a mirror of the development of our nation. We will become proud of our motherland, We will devote ourselves to 9 （develop）our country.
China is growing stronger and stronger, and it will never fall behind in the progress of science and technology. We are looking forward to new 10 （breakthrough）, and we believe they will come up in the near future.
解析：1. are impressed 2. have made 3. strength 4. beneficial 5. who/that 6. the 7. is 8. for 9. developing 10. breakthroughs
本篇是一篇说明文。文章主要指出了在过去的几十年里，中国在科学技术方面所取得的进步，具体是太空探索技术方面的成就。
1.考查谓语动词。句意：如今，我国的发展进步给很多人留下了深刻的印象。根据句子分析可知，Chinese people为主语，the progress of our country为宾语，此空为谓语动词，“对……印象深刻”表达为sb. be impressed by…，Chinese people为集体名词，谓语动词用复数，且时间是nowadays，故填are impressed。
2.考查时态。句意：在过去的几十年，我国在科学和科技方面取得了巨大的进步。根据句子分析可知，we为主语，great progress为宾语，此空做谓语，时间状语是in the past decades，意为“在过去的几十年”，应用现在完成时。we意为“我们”，要用复数。故填have made。
3.考查名词。句意：我们成功得登上了太空，这也是我国实力最好的证明。根据句子分析可知，of是介词，后跟名词作宾语。our nation’s为物主代词，后跟名词，故填strength。
4.考查形容词做表语。句意：在长远看来，太空技术的进步对我们意义重大。根据句子分析可知，the advances为主语，will be为系动词，此处应用形容词做表语，be beneficial to意为“对……有益”，故填beneficial。
5.考查定语从句。句意：并且我们也能与离我们距离较远的朋友以及生意伙伴交流。根据句子分析可知，our friends and business partners为先行词，后跟定语从句，定语从句中，are为系动词，far away from us为表语，缺主语。先行词为人，故用that/who引导定语从句。故填who/that。
6.考查冠词。句意：如果不探索太空，我们就无法发现它的奥秘，也无法开拓我们的视野，这些都是远远超出了地球之外的。根据句子分析可知，planet earth 意为“行星地球”，可数名词，表示世界上独一无二的要用定冠词，故填the。
7.考查谓语动词单复数。句意：此外，我们与动物的不同之处在于我们知道我们需要去探索。根据句子分析可知，what引导的主语从句what distinguishes us from animals为主语，空后that引导表语从句，此空为谓语。what引导的主语从句，谓语动词用单数，且根据distinguishes可知，时态为一般现在时，故填is。
8.考查介词。句意：事实上，太空科技并不只是对知识的探索，还是一面镜子，反映了我国的发展。根据句子分析可知，“对……的探索”表达为the research for sth.，故填for。
9.考查现在分词作宾语。句意：我们将致力于国家的发展。根据句子分析可知，“致力于做……”表达为devote ourselves to doing sth.，to为介词，后跟doing，故填developing。
10.考查名词单复数。句意：我们期待着新的突破，并且我们相信在不久的将来，这些突破就会实现。根据句子分析可知，we为主语，are looking forward to为谓语，后跟名词作宾语。breakthrough为可数名词，空前没有冠词a，故要用复数。故填breakthroughs。
Passage B
People use the saying "out of this world," to praise something as exceptional. But, at auction(拍卖) house Sotheby's Dubai, officials are using 1 term literally.
The company announced this week that it will sell a black diamond 2 they say is believed to have fallen to Earth from outer space. That would make it a literal "out of this world" jewel. It 3 (weigh) 555.55 carats. One carat equals 200 milligrams.
The rare stone 4 (show) to reporters at Sotheby's last Monday. Next month, it will be put up for sale at Sotheby's in London. Sotheby's expects the purchase price will reach 5 least $6.8 million.
Experts at the National Space Foundation in the United States call black diamonds "carbonado diamonds." On 6 (it) website, the science 7 (organize) writes that carbonado diamonds form during supernova(超新星) explosions. "Black diamonds," the website says, "8 (be) once the size of asteroids (小行星) a kilometer or more" across when they first began to hit Earth.
Carbonado diamonds are extremely rare and are found 9 (nature) only in Brazil and Central Africa. Experts say study of the 10 (stone) chemical structure leads them to believe they come from space.
解析：
1.the。考查冠词。指上句提到的out of this world这个词语。定冠词+名词，指上文提到的人或物。
2.that/which。考查定语从句。去掉they say可以看出定语从句谓语动词为is believed，可知所填词在定语从句中作主语。因先行词为black diamond，指物，所以用.that/which引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
3.weighs。考查时态。根据下句equals 可知本句也用一般现在时。因主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词也相应用第三人称单数形式。
4.was shown。考查语态。因钻石是“被展示”的，用被动语态；根据时间状语last Monday可知用一般过去时，所以本空填一般过去时被动语态。
5.at。考查介词。at least 至少。
6.its。考查代词。表示“它的”，用物主代词its，指National Space Foundation这个组织的。
7.organization。考查词类转换。the science organization 科学组织。动词转换为名词作主语。
8.were。 考查时态和主谓一致。根据once(曾经)及后面when引导的时间状语从句可知本句讲的是过去发生的事，用一般过去时。因主语为Black diamonds，是复数，所以用were。
9.naturally。考查词类转换。修饰动词are found，用副词作状语。句意：黑钻石极其罕见，只有在巴西和中非才能天然发现。
10.stone's。考查名词所有格。stone's chemical structure 石头的化学结构。表示“石头的”，用所有格stone'。
Passage C
When the Winter Olympics met Chinese New Year, Beijing made everyone’s stay in China____36____ (enjoy) with a wonderful experience of Chinese culture. As the world’s first “dual Olympic city”, it ____37____ (pay) attention to the details in every aspect to support the safe and smooth ____38____ (operate) of the Games while overcoming the difficulties brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Beijing was applauded and praised by athletes____39____ its excellent venue (场地) services during the Games. One of the greatest is the Big Air Shougang Olympic venue____40____ witnessed the epic victory of 18-year-old Chinese freestyle skier Gu Ailing, also____41____ (know) as Eileen Gu. Eileen spoke____42____ (high) of this competition venue, ____43____ all other athletes said the Shougang Big Air was the best of its kind that they had set foot on.
The design concept of this platform ____44____ (develop) from the traditional painting in Dunhuang, Gansu Province. The Shougang Big Air is the only snow event venue in downtown Beijing, making it the coolest thing for Big Air athletes ____45____ (jump) against the backdrop of coolant towers. Besides, the venue will be a permanent big air facility, the first of its kind in the world.
解析：36. enjoyable 37. paid 38. operation 39. for 40. that/which
41. known 42. highly 43. and/while 44. develops## developed 45. to jump
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是北京奥运会的场馆，尤其是首钢滑雪大跳台场馆。
36.考查形容词。句意：当冬奥会与中国农历新年相遇时，北京让每个人都在中国愉快地体验了中国文化。空格处用形容词作宾语补足语，enjoy的形容词形式是enjoyable，故填enjoyable。
37.考查时态。句意：作为世界上首个“双奥之城”，北京在克服新冠肺炎疫情带来的困难的同时，高度重视各方面细节，全力支持奥运会安全顺利举办。根据语境可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式paid。故填paid。
38.考查名词。smooth是形容词，修饰名词，根据语境可知，句子表示“北京高度重视各方面细节，全力支持奥运会安全顺利举办”，空格处意为“运行”，名词是operation，表“运行”时，operation是不可数名词，故填operation。
39.考查介词。句意：北京冬奥会期间出色的场馆服务赢得了运动员们的掌声和称赞。由“its excellent venue (场地) services during the Games”可知，句子表示“因为出色的场馆服务，北京受到了称赞”，空格处表示“因为”，用介词for，故填for。
40.考查定语从句。句意：其中最棒的场馆之一是首钢滑雪大跳台场馆，见证了18岁的中国自由式滑雪运动员谷爱凌，也被称为Eileen Gu的史诗般的胜利。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词“Big Air Shougang Olympic venue”是物，因此空格处用关系代词that/which，故填that/which。
41.考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，定语从句中谓语是witnessed，空格处用非谓语形式，由固定短语“be known as(被称为)”可知，此处省略be，用过去分词作后置定语，故填known。
42.考查副词。句意：谷爱凌高度评价了这个比赛场地，与此同时，所有运动员都说首钢滑雪大跳台是他们所去过的最好的比赛场地。空格处用副词highly修饰动词spoke，speak highly of是固定短语，意为“高度评价”，故填highly。
43.考查连词。空后的“all other athletes said the Shougang Big Air was the best of its kind that they had set foot on”和前面的“spoke____ (high) of this competition venue”是并列关系，因此用and，也可用while表示“与此同时”，故填and/while。
44.考查时态语态。句意：这个跳台的设计理念来源于甘肃敦煌的传统绘画。develop from从……发展而来，不及物动词短语，因此用主动语态，句子可理解为描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，也可理解为发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，主语“The design concept of this platform”是单数，故填develops/developed。
45.考查不定式。句意：首钢滑雪大跳台是北京市中心唯一的雪赛场馆，对于大跳台运动员来说，在冷却塔的背景下跳跃是最酷的事情。句中it是形式宾语，空格处用不定式作真正的宾语，故填to jump。
Passage D
Some people love to read books. They can’t get enough of the____36____ (print) word. Others have a big appetite for making and eating food. Well, if you are both an____37____ (enthusiasm) reader and eater, you may want to take part in an edible book festival, ____38____ you can have your book and eat it, too!
In such festivals, people create projects and present____39____ to judges. There are two rules: the project must be made of food, and it must be based____40____ a book. For example, someone might make the chocolate factory from Charlie and the Chocolate Factory with chocolate bars.
Sometimes, judges award prizes for the best projects like “Best Pun.” A pun is a funny play on words that sound similar but have different____41____ (meaning), like tale and tail. A possible____42____ (win) for “Best Pun” might show Peter Rabbit, the character from The Tale of Peter Rabbit, with a tail made of marshmallow fluff (棉花糖). ____43____ (make) a pun, the project could be called “The Tail of Peter Rabbit”,____44____ title punny enough to make the judges laugh!
Given the fun and often silly nature, it’s not surprising that many of these festivals_____45_____ (hold) on April Fool’s Day!
解析：36. printed 37. enthusiastic 38. where 39. them 40. on
41. meanings 42. winner 43. To make 44. a 45. are held
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个可食用图书节， 在这个节日里，有一些非常有趣的活动，你可以积极参与，感受节日的快乐。
36.考查非谓语动词。句意：他们对印刷的文字不满足。分析句子结构， 此处修饰后面名词word，作前置定语，因print与word构成被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填printed。
37.考查形容词。句意：好吧，如果你既是一个热情的读者又是一个食客，你可能想参加一个可食用的图书节，在那里你可以拥有你的书，也可以吃它！此处修饰后面名词reader and eater，作前置定语，用形容词形式。enthusiastic热情的，符合题意。故填enthusiastic。
38.考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构，此句为非限制性定语从句。先行词book festival在从句you can have your book and eat it作状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
39.考查代词。句意：在这样的节日里，人们创建项目并将其呈现给评委。根据句子，此处指代projects，作宾语用them。故填them。
40.考查介词。 句意：有两条规则：项目必须由食物构成，并且必须基于一本书。be based on“与……为基础”，固定搭配。故填on。
41.考查名词。句意：双关语是对听起来相似但含义不同的词的一种有趣的戏法，比如故事和尾巴。根据句意及tale and tail，可知此处meaning（含义）用复数形式，作宾语。故填meanings。
42.考查名词。句意：《最佳双关语》的一个可能的赢家可能是《彼得的故事》中的人物彼得兔子。根据Best Pun及 show Peter Rabbit，可推测此处表达“获胜者”作主语，结合前面有a，winner获胜者，符合题意。故填winner。
43.考查非谓语动词。句意：为了制作双关语，这个项目可以被称为“彼得兔的尾巴”，一个足以让评委发笑的标题！分析句子结构，此处用非谓语动词。结合语境，表达目的，用不定式短语。故填To make。
44.考查冠词。根据句子结构，此处作The Tail of Peter Rabbit的同位语，泛指“一个足以让评委发笑的标题”，用不定冠词a。故填a。
45.考查动词时态语态。句意：考虑到这种乐趣和愚蠢的天性，许多这样的节日都在愚人节举行也就不足为奇了！分析句子结构，此处作从句的谓语动词，与前面主语many of these festivals构成被动关系，讲述现在的事实用一般现在时，主语festivals是复数，故填are held。
Passage E
The female Chinese taikonaut Wang Yaping hit headlines all over the world. Known for ____41____ (broadcast) a 40-minute live lesson showing space experiments in the Tiangong-1 space lab, she has drawn ____42____ (globe) attention during her space missions.
“When I was young, my dream was to go beyond the village and to pay back ____43____ my parents had given me.” Wang recalled. Her space dream started in 2003 when China sent ____44____ (it) first taikonaut Yang Liwei into space. “I watched the bright rocket flame on TV, and an idea flashed through my mind: When will there be ____45____ female taikonaut ” Wang said. At that time, she was already a transport aircraft pilot with two ____46____ (year) of experience. During desert survival training, she ____47____ (ask) for the same standards as those for males and demanded to train in the pressure chamber (压力舱) for an extra 30 minutes each time. “You can’t catch a break ____48____ (simple) for being a woman,” Wang said. Her efforts were not ____49____ vain.
Wang’s lesson painted a space world for children and earned her millions of hits on social media, where she has _____50_____ (know) as a “space heroine”.
解析：41. broadcasting 42. global 43. what 44. its 45. a
46. years 47. asked 48. simply 49. in 50. been known
这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国女宇航员王亚平登上了世界各地的头条。她以在天宫一号空间实验室直播40分钟的太空实验而闻名，在她的太空任务中，她吸引了全球的关注。
41.考查非谓语动词。句意：她以在天宫一号空间实验室直播40分钟的太空实验而闻名，在她的太空任务中，她吸引了全球的关注。介词for后面需加动名词作宾语。故填broadcasting。
42.考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词attention需用形容词作定语。故填global。
43.考查宾语从句。句意：“我年轻的时候，我的梦想是走出村庄，报答父母给我的一切。”空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
44.考查代词。句意：她的太空梦始于2003年，当时中国将首位宇航员杨利伟送入太空。修饰名词taikonaut需用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
45.考查冠词。句意：“我在电视上看到了明亮的火箭火焰，一个想法闪过我的脑海：什么时候会有女宇航员 ”taikonaut为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且female发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
46.考查名词。句意：当时，她已经是一名有两年经验的运输机飞行员。year为可数名词，two后面需加可数名词复数形式。故填years。
47.考查动词时态。句意：在沙漠生存训练中，她提出了与男性相同的标准，并要求每次在压力舱中额外训练30分钟。空处和demanded为并列的谓语，需用一般过去时。故填asked。
48. 考查副词。句意：“你不可能仅仅因为是女人而得到休息，”王说。修饰介词短语for being a woman需用副词作状语。故填simply。
49. 考查介词。句意：她的努力没有白费。in vain为固定短语，意为“徒劳，白费”。故填in。
50. 考查动词时态语态。句意：王亚平的课为孩子们描绘了一个太空世界，她在社交媒体上获得了数百万的点击量，被称为“太空女英雄”。where引导的非限制性定语从句缺少谓语，she和know为被动关系，需用被动语态，结合空前的“has”可知，此处为现在完成时的被动语态。故填been known。
Passage F
Thanks to smartphones and watches, it’s never difficult to find out what the time is nowadays. However, in ancient times, people weren’t able to figure out the time of day so ____41____ (easy).
In classic Chinese martial arts novels, we might see the phrase “the time it takes to burn an incense (香) stick” ____42____ (use) to describe the deadline for a contest (比武). Indeed, this method was used by monks (和尚) as ____43____ way to keep track of time during meditation.
However, you may wonder how long ____44____ takes to burn an incense stick. Of course, it depends on many factors, such as the air temperature and wind speed. Generally, however, the phrase “to burn an incense stick” ____45____ (suggest) one hour.
There are also other similar phrases, such as “the time it takes to drink a cup of tea”, ____46____ means time for hot tea to cool down before one can drink it. It is about 10 to 15 minutes.
But as the ____47____ (year) have gone by, people ____48____ (change) the definitions of these ancient time-telling methods. In ancient China, “the time it takes to eat a meal” ____49____ (be) about an hour. These days, with our fast-paced lifestyles, _____50_____ (eat) a meal usually takes around half that time.
解析：41. easily 42. used 43. a 44. it 45. suggests
46. which 47. years 48. have changed 49. was 50. eating
这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了中国古代的计时方式。
41.考查副词。句意：然而，在古代，人们无法如此轻易地算出一天中的时间。easy的副词形式easily意为“轻易地”，修饰该句中的副词so作状语。故填easily。
42.考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国古典武侠小说中，我们可能会看到“烧香所需的时间”这个习语被用来描述比武的最后期限。分析句子结构可知，该句谓语动词是might see ，use与逻辑主语phrase 之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词形式used作宾语补足语。故填used。
43.考查冠词。句意：事实上，这种方法被和尚用作冥想时记录时间的一种途径。该句中way是可数名词，泛指一种途径，其首字母是辅音音素，该名词前应该用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
44.考查代词。句意：然而，你可能想知道烧香需要多长时间。分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句，从句中“花费时间做某事”用it takes +时间to do,真正的主语是动词不定式to burn an incense stick.，因此应该用代词it作形式主语。故填it。
【45题详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：然而，一般来说，“烧一柱香”这个习语意味着一个小时。该句主语the phrase是单数形式，结合句意阐述一般性事实，谓语动词应该用一般现在时，因此，谓语动词应该用单数suggests。故填suggests。
【46题详解】考查定语从句。句意：还有其他类似的短语，如“喝一杯茶所需的时间”，意思是在人能喝之前，热茶冷却的时间。分析句子结构可知，这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词phrases，关系词在从句中作主语，应该用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
47.考查名词的数。句意：但是随着岁月的流逝，人们已经改变了这些古代计时方法的定义。名词year意为“年”，是可数名词，根据句意，此处随着岁月的流逝，表示过去了很多年，应该用复数形式years。故填years。
48. 考查时态。分析句意可知，句意阐述阐述“已经改变”表示现在已经完成的事情，谓语动词现在完成时have changed。故填have changed。
49. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在中国古代，“吃饭的时间”大约是一个小时。分析句意可知，根据句中时间状语In ancient China，阐述中国古代是过去的事实，谓语动词用一般过去时，该句主语“the time it takes to eat a meal ”是一个习语，谓语动词应该用单数；be动词的一般过去时单数形式是was。故填was。
50.考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，随着我们快节奏的生活方式，吃一顿饭通常需要花费大约一半的时间。分析句子结构可知，句子主语是“吃一顿饭”，谓语动词是“takes ”，eat应该用动名词形式eating作主语。故填eating。“解题达人”备战2023高考语法之动词时态语态
目录 内容
板块一 基础知识解析
板块二 单句语法填空
板块三 篇章语法填空
一：基础知识解析
1：考点归纳
动词时态历来是高考考查的重点。动词时态考查虽多，但考向非常集中， 最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时，其次是现在完成时， 其他时态考查相对较少。因此备考重点是：
①动词时态的基本用法 ②动词语态的基本用法 ③主谓一致
通过“时态定义”解决时态：虽然新课标或考纲中列出了10种时态，但近三年全国卷主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。尽管如此，以下8种时态的基本用法和构成还应掌握。准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。
一般将来时 will do
过去将来时 would do
一般现在时 do/does
一般过去时 did
现在进行时 am/is/are doing
过去进行时 was/were doing
现在完成时 have/has done
过去完成时 had done
2：考点详解
1：动词时态的一般体
时态 用法 例句
一般
现在
时 表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night等连用。 On Monday mornings, it usually takes me an hour to drive to work though the actual distance is only 20 miles.周一早晨开车上班我一般要花费一个小时,尽管实际距离只有20英里。
如果主句用一般将来时,那么在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。 The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started.这位总统希望人们在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。
一般
过去
时
表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有关系,常与yesterday, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。 (2019江苏卷) A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith fell in love with the people and culture there.史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。
有些句子,虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语,但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态,也要用一般过去时。常见的有:know, think, expect, want等。 Edward, you play so well. But I didn't know you could play the piano.爱德华,你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。
一般
将来
时 “shall/will+动词原形”表示从现在看以后将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow, next year, in+一段时间等连用。其中shall通常用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.学生们一直在刻苦学习功课,他们的努力(将来)最终会获得成功。
“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯博士将在今年夏天和他的妻女一起游览北京。
一般
将来
时 “be to+动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作;也可表示职责、义务、意图、禁止等。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.10点前你必须得上交试卷。
The meeting is to be held at 3 o'clock this afternoon.会议将于今天下午3点举行。
“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 The train is about to start.火车就要开了。
按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come等动词。 The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.这家商店每天晚上11点关门。
表示位置转移的动词(短语),如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, run out等,可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。 Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there's none left.洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。
2：动词时态的进行体
时态 用法 例句
现在
进行
时 表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.我们今天面对的是一个陌生的新世界,并且我们都在想我们将要如何应对。
表示位置转移的动词,如:go, get, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear等,可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。 I am meeting Peter at the airport this afternoon. 今天下午我要去飞机场接彼得。
过去
进行
时 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作,常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten o'clock yesterday等连用。 He was writing a book last year, but I don't know if he has finished it. 他去年在写一本书,但我不知道他是否已经完成。
表示一个过去的动作正在进行时,另一个过去的动作发生了,常与并列连词when或while引导的时间状语从句连用。 Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.杰克正在实验室里工作,这时突然断电了。
将来
进行
时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作,常与一些标志性的时间状语连用,如:at this time tomorrow,by then, from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow等。 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be having a class at that time.简不能参加今天下午3点的会,因为她那个时间有课。
3：动词时态的完成体
时态 用法 例句
现在
完成
时 表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束,而且对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语:already, just, yet, never, before, lately, recently, in the last(past) few days/years, up to now, till now, so far等。 (2019江苏卷)The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months.在过去的三个月里,这位音乐家和他的乐队成员们已经进行了十场演出。
表示从过去某时开始一直延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常与since+时间点,for+时间段等表示一段时间的状语连用。 His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了许多好评。
在条件或时间状语从句中,用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。 I'll give my opinion when I have read the book through. 我读完了这本书就会告诉你我的意见。
过去
完成
时 表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。 When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I hadn't seen for years.当沿着街道散步的时候,我遇见了多年未见的戴维。
表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态,常用的时间状语:before, by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time+从句等。 It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.很久以后我才能够完全领会到他们为我做的一切。
表示“希望、打算”的动词(如hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, plan, intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的愿望或计划。 (2019天津卷)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.我本希望送给彼得一份礼物祝贺他结婚了,但我没能做到。
常使
用完
成时
的句
型 (1)This/It/That is the first/... time+that sb. has done sth.
This/It/That was the first/... time+that sb. had done sth.这/那是某人第几次做某事;
(2)It(This)is/was the+最高级+名词+that从句,从句中的谓语用现在/过去完成时;
(3)It is/has been+一段时间+since sb. did sth.
It was/had been+一段时间+since sb. had done sth.自从……以来多久了;
(4)Hardly(Scarcely)... when.../No sooner... than...一……就……,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
4：语态
基本
用法 被动语态的使用场合:(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者;(2)需要突出或强调动作的承受者。 (2019江苏卷)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals will have been installed by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.他们正在努力确保到2022年时为北京冬奥会安装5G终端。
主动
形式
表示
被动
意义 “系动词feel, sound, taste, look, smell, appear, seem, turn, stay, become, get, grow, keep等+形容词/名词”构成系表结构,常用主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软,卖得很好。
当sell, read, cut, wash, write, open, wear(磨损), run(运转), burn等不及物动词后有状语(well/easily等)修饰,用来表示主语的属性、特征或功能时,用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days I think it is suitable for us teenagers.你买了最近销售得很好的那本书了吗 我认为它适合我们青少年。
特别
提醒 有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态,如:have有;cost花费;lack缺少;own拥有;belong to属于;date from/back to追溯到;take part in参加;等等。
不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态,如:happen/take place/occur发生;remain剩下;last持续;break out爆发;come out出版;come up被提出;run out用完;等等。
3：解题技巧
谓语动词三步解题法
二：单句语法填空
1.He graduated from university last year and ___________ (work) in our company ever since.
2.Hopefully by 2025 we _______ (develop) more convenient electronic products.
3.Scientists said that continued greenhouse gas emission _________(result) in long-lasting changes to the global climate.
4.Last week I took part in the Civil Service Admission Examination, for which I ________(prepare) for nearly three months.
5.The new technology （ provide） people everywhere with many benefits over the years.
6.The manager got to the company in a hurry, only to find that he (leave) his laptop at home.
7.It was in March.Surrounded by a group of girls who ____________ (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldn’t help crying.
8.Over the past few months，I ____________ (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws.
9.One day, when I was drawing diagrams on the balcony and he (bathe) inside, the volcano erupted unexpectedly.
10.While online shopping (change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
11.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody (have) to worry about fashion
12.While regularly eating out seems to (become) common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost.
13.While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.
14.Mr Wang said that he （explain）the problem before the plan was carried out. However, he was asked to do it again.
15.It was the first time that he __________（visit）the New Coastal Area of Tianjin and was so impressed by its fast development.
16.Hopefully, in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______（develop）more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
17.Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
18.Surprisingly, a few years later, I am back in Virginia where I (grow) up and have just launched my very own insurance platform with my wife, Jade.
19.On Oct. 5th, Tu Youyou (award) the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She shared the prize with two other scientists from Ireland and Japan.
20.They swear to marry each other, but (oppose)strongly by their parents and villagers.
21.Some American scholars ________ (think) China could hardly realize food-sufficiency because of the limited water resources, decrease of agricultural land due to industrial expansion and the fast population growth.
22.A new group of free employees have been added to a French workforce. So far, a theme park in western France ________ (employ) six birds, more exactly six crows, to collect and deal with garbage — mainly cigarette ends and other small pieces.
23.Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a health care system in which patients ________ (treat) with natural plant, animal, and mineral remedies (药物).
24.In the afternoon, we delivered a lecture to the students there. Not only ________ we give them tips on how to choose proper books for themselves, but also guided them on how to read different kinds of books.
25.When the two parts ________ (put) together, it means people keeping their words win trust. You can understand the philosophy at first glance.
26.The team________ (treat) more than 3,000 people who were injured in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia, and spent several months giving aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan.
27．For years, large number of Harry Potter fans________ (be) to Edinburgh, Scotland, to visit the sites where it was reported author J.K. Rowling had started writing the series.
28.There are two main reasons for that. First, Chinese cultural and tourism authorities ________ (promote) Chinese culture for long.
29.In April, the ministry advised that a primary school student ________ (go) to bed before 9:20 pm, a middle school student before 10 pm and high school student before 11 pm separately, 99.8 percent of primary and secondary schools have issued rules preventing students bringing smartphones to class and provided communication channels for students to contact their parents in an emergency, he said.
30.Scientists showed the first-ever photograph of a black hole on April 10, 2019. The photo ________ (show) at press conferences held at the same time in Shanghai, Taipei, Tokyo, Washington DC, Brussels and Santiago.
三：篇章语法填空
Passage A
Nowadays, Chinese people 1 （impress）by the progress of our country, which is extremely exciting. We 2 （make）great progress in science and technology in the past decades, especially the progress in space exploration. We conquered the space, and the conquest represents a visible proof of our nation’s 3 （strong）.
The advances in space technology will be 4 （benefit）to us in the long run. Thanks to communication satellites, we can see television pictures transmitted（传送）across the globe, and we can communicate with our friends and business partners 5 are far away from us. Without exploring the space, we could never figure out its mysteries（奥秘）or broaden our horizons far beyond the boundary of 6 planet Earth.
Besides, what distinguishes us from animals 7 （be）that we know we need to explore. Actually, the space technology is not only the search 8 knowledge but also a mirror of the development of our nation. We will become proud of our motherland, We will devote ourselves to 9 （develop）our country.
China is growing stronger and stronger, and it will never fall behind in the progress of science and technology. We are looking forward to new 10 （breakthrough）, and we believe they will come up in the near future.
Passage B
People use the saying "out of this world," to praise something as exceptional. But, at auction(拍卖) house Sotheby's Dubai, officials are using 1 term literally.
The company announced this week that it will sell a black diamond 2 they say is believed to have fallen to Earth from outer space. That would make it a literal "out of this world" jewel. It 3 (weigh) 555.55 carats. One carat equals 200 milligrams.
The rare stone 4 (show) to reporters at Sotheby's last Monday. Next month, it will be put up for sale at Sotheby's in London. Sotheby's expects the purchase price will reach 5 least $6.8 million.
Experts at the National Space Foundation in the United States call black diamonds "carbonado diamonds." On 6 (it) website, the science 7 (organize) writes that carbonado diamonds form during supernova(超新星) explosions. "Black diamonds," the website says, "8 (be) once the size of asteroids (小行星) a kilometer or more" across when they first began to hit Earth.
Carbonado diamonds are extremely rare and are found 9 (nature) only in Brazil and Central Africa. Experts say study of the 10 (stone) chemical structure leads them to believe they come from space.
Passage C
When the Winter Olympics met Chinese New Year, Beijing made everyone’s stay in China____36____ (enjoy) with a wonderful experience of Chinese culture. As the world’s first “dual Olympic city”, it ____37____ (pay) attention to the details in every aspect to support the safe and smooth ____38____ (operate) of the Games while overcoming the difficulties brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Beijing was applauded and praised by athletes____39____ its excellent venue (场地) services during the Games. One of the greatest is the Big Air Shougang Olympic venue____40____ witnessed the epic victory of 18-year-old Chinese freestyle skier Gu Ailing, also____41____ (know) as Eileen Gu. Eileen spoke____42____ (high) of this competition venue, ____43____ all other athletes said the Shougang Big Air was the best of its kind that they had set foot on.
The design concept of this platform ____44____ (develop) from the traditional painting in Dunhuang, Gansu Province. The Shougang Big Air is the only snow event venue in downtown Beijing, making it the coolest thing for Big Air athletes ____45____ (jump) against the backdrop of coolant towers. Besides, the venue will be a permanent big air facility, the first of its kind in the world.
Passage D
Some people love to read books. They can’t get enough of the____36____ (print) word. Others have a big appetite for making and eating food. Well, if you are both an____37____ (enthusiasm) reader and eater, you may want to take part in an edible book festival, ____38____ you can have your book and eat it, too!
In such festivals, people create projects and present____39____ to judges. There are two rules: the project must be made of food, and it must be based____40____ a book. For example, someone might make the chocolate factory from Charlie and the Chocolate Factory with chocolate bars.
Sometimes, judges award prizes for the best projects like “Best Pun.” A pun is a funny play on words that sound similar but have different____41____ (meaning), like tale and tail. A possible____42____ (win) for “Best Pun” might show Peter Rabbit, the character from The Tale of Peter Rabbit, with a tail made of marshmallow fluff (棉花糖). ____43____ (make) a pun, the project could be called “The Tail of Peter Rabbit”,____44____ title punny enough to make the judges laugh!
Given the fun and often silly nature, it’s not surprising that many of these festivals_____45_____ (hold) on April Fool’s Day!
Passage E
The female Chinese taikonaut Wang Yaping hit headlines all over the world. Known for ____41____ (broadcast) a 40-minute live lesson showing space experiments in the Tiangong-1 space lab, she has drawn ____42____ (globe) attention during her space missions.
“When I was young, my dream was to go beyond the village and to pay back ____43____ my parents had given me.” Wang recalled. Her space dream started in 2003 when China sent ____44____ (it) first taikonaut Yang Liwei into space. “I watched the bright rocket flame on TV, and an idea flashed through my mind: When will there be ____45____ female taikonaut ” Wang said. At that time, she was already a transport aircraft pilot with two ____46____ (year) of experience. During desert survival training, she ____47____ (ask) for the same standards as those for males and demanded to train in the pressure chamber (压力舱) for an extra 30 minutes each time. “You can’t catch a break ____48____ (simple) for being a woman,” Wang said. Her efforts were not ____49____ vain.
Wang’s lesson painted a space world for children and earned her millions of hits on social media, where she has _____50_____ (know) as a “space heroine”.
Passage F
Thanks to smartphones and watches, it’s never difficult to find out what the time is nowadays. However, in ancient times, people weren’t able to figure out the time of day so ____41____ (easy).
In classic Chinese martial arts novels, we might see the phrase “the time it takes to burn an incense (香) stick” ____42____ (use) to describe the deadline for a contest (比武). Indeed, this method was used by monks (和尚) as ____43____ way to keep track of time during meditation.
However, you may wonder how long ____44____ takes to burn an incense stick. Of course, it depends on many factors, such as the air temperature and wind speed. Generally, however, the phrase “to burn an incense stick” ____45____ (suggest) one hour.
There are also other similar phrases, such as “the time it takes to drink a cup of tea”, ____46____ means time for hot tea to cool down before one can drink it. It is about 10 to 15 minutes.
But as the ____47____ (year) have gone by, people ____48____ (change) the definitions of these ancient time-telling methods. In ancient China, “the time it takes to eat a meal” ____49____ (be) about an hour. These days, with our fast-paced lifestyles, _____50_____ (eat) a meal usually takes around half that time.
