备战2023年高考英语命题热点素材学案--“二十大”主题专练：专题06 人与自然和谐共生-（Word版附答案解析）
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| 名称 | 备战2023年高考英语命题热点素材学案--“二十大”主题专练：专题06 人与自然和谐共生-（Word版附答案解析） |  | |
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06 人与自然和谐共生
金句诵读
1.推动绿色发展，促进人与自然和谐共生
Pursuing Green Development and Promoting Harmonybetween Humanity and Nature
2.尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然，是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的内在要求。
Respecting, adapting to, and protecting nature is essential for building China into a modern socialist country in all respects.
3.加快发展方式绿色转型Accelerating the transition to a model of green development
4.深入推进环境污染防治Intensifying pollution prevention and control
5. 提升生态系统多样性、稳定性、持续性Enhance diversity, stability and sustainability in our ecosystems
6. 积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和
Working actively and prudently toward the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality
语段填空-原创
The 8th Shanghai International Nature Conservation Festival kicked off on Thursday .
Featuring green and low-carbon development harmony 1 human and nature, nine themed activities including a celebrity forum, environmental protection science popularization, a photography exhibition and other on-theme events in 2 (vary) venues will be held through Nov 4 in the city.
Panels and round-table conferences will be held in Pudong and Chongming during the weekend, 3 (invite) experts from universities, research institutes and well-known enterprises 4 ( discuss )topics focusing on achieving the goal of carbon neutrality and maintaining natural ecosystems. The younger generations 5 (expect) to be a major part of the activities. Since June this year, nearly one million students have been involved in the 6 (relate) activities and more than 4,000 nature notes made by teenagers based on 7 (they) own observation and research of the plants and environment have been received by the festival organizer.
A series of science popularization activities will be launched in the city's zoos, botanical garden 8 forest parks during the coming week. The city's per capita greenery space amounted to 8.8 square meters by the end of last year. 9 number of parks is 532 in the city, about 3.5 times compared to 2011. Meanwhile, the city carried out the construction, protection and restoration of wildlife habitats according to local conditions, and established 22 wildlife 10 (habitat)
【答案】
1.between 2．various 3．inviting 4．to discuss 5．are expected
6.related 7．their 8．and 9．The 10．habitats.
阅读理解
Passage1
This week record-breaking temperatures of more than 40’C were forecast in Britain. Schools closed and hospitals cancelled routine appointments. The Royal Air Force had to rearrange flights from its biggest air base after the runway melted. In mainland Europe, things were bleaker still. After weeks of drought, a heatwave sparked wildfires in France, Greece, Portugal and Spain. Parts of America are struggling through one of their hottest summers ever. And many places of eastern and southern China have seen unusually high temperatures in recent weeks.
Why are all of these places suffering extreme heat at the same time Climate change has made heatwaves more frequent. Very hot temperatures that were once rare occur more frequently and heatwaves that were once impossible come to pass. The temperatures in Britain this week fit into the second category(II),says Richard Betts, a climate researcher with the British Met Office. Similarly, modelling carried out by the World Weather Attribution group, a research coalition, found that last year’s unprecedented heatwave in the Pacific Northwest would have been ”virtually impossible“ without climate change. New records will be set as long as humans continue to burn fossil fuels and destroy carbon-storing ecosystems.
Whatever the cause, the consequences are disastrous. Heatwaves kill people and worsen existing health conditions. Heatwaves can cause crops to suffer, as happened this spring in India. In three northern states, yields probably fell by between 10%-35%. If several “breadbasket” arc as are affected there will be worldwide shortages, pushing up prices. Other systems are at risk, too. Heat can disrupt everything from manufacturing to transport. Last weak factories in Zhejiang province in China were forced to ration(定量供应)power to ensure enough supply for air-conditioners in nearby homes. Heatwaves often stretch energy grids(电网)to breaking point. In places where electricity is moved across borders, a stream of power from somewhere not affected can help stabilize the grid. But simultaneous(同时的)heatwaves make that complicated. In an interconnected world，regions rely on each other to cope with disaster. Which becomes much harder when the disasters arc happening in many places at once.
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．Extreme heat breaks out across the globe.
B．The new temperature record has been set in some areas.
C．Natural disasters are increasing due to the extreme heat.
D．Many places arc actively fighting against extreme heat.
2．What can we learn from paragraph 2
A．There used to be frequent heatwaves and high temperatures.
B．The British feel more comfortable when the temperature is II.
C．One of the critical factors in extreme heat is human activities.
D．It is impossible to experience extreme heat in Pacific Northwest.
3．What problem would heatwaves cause globally according to the last paragraph
A．Low birth rate.
B．High crop price.
C．Less factories
D．Global warming.
4．What does the underlined pronoun “that” refer to in the last paragraph
A．Stretching energy grids.
B．Rationing power in factories.
C．Generating power.
D．Moving electricity across borders.
Passage2
It is long known that there are benefits from being in nature. Living around trees can help you live longer. Walking in the woods is good for your mood. But it’s not just what you see that makes an impact. A group of scientists from the U. S. and Canada studied the advantages of nature using their ears instead of their eyes.
“Our research team studied the acoustic (声学的) environment for quite a few years, but from the view of the negative impacts of noise pollution,” Rachel Buxton, the post-doctoral researcher and bird expert says. “However, I’ve always been curious about what are the beneficial impacts of natural sounds.” Being a bird expert made him interested in sounds.
For their research, Buxton and her team identified three dozen studies that examined the health benefits of natural sound. Some examples they found reported in those studies included decreased pain, lowered stress, improved mood, and better cognitive (认知的) function. With these results in hand, they then listened to audio recordings from 251 sites in 68 national parks across the United States.
“We found many sites beneficial to health in parks—sites with abundant natural sounds and little disturbance from noise,” Buxton says. “Yet, parks that are more heavily visited or near urban areas are more likely to be flooded with noise. That means many park visitors are not gaining the health benefits found in more quiet spaces.”
Interestingly, Buxton says, there was also some evidence that natural sounds have benefits over silence. There was also evidence that more different types of natural sounds—more types of birds singing versus just one type of bird—have benefits over fewer sounds.
“Also, a really interesting result was that listening to natural sounds with road noise had more benefits than just listening to noise,” she says. “So although you might not be getting the same health benefits as a quiet environment with lots of natural sound, even in a city if you have noise in the background, listening to natural sounds still delivers some health benefits.”
5．How does the author introduce the topic of the text
A．By listing examples. B．By making a comment.
C．By providing some accurate data. D．By presenting a widely held view.
6．What is Buxton’s previous study centered on
A．The bad effects of noises. B．Birds’ habitat environment.
C．The causes of noise pollution. D．Humans’ visual interest in nature.
7．Which paragraph best supports “Quiet environment with natural sounds has a better effect”
A．Paragraph 3. B．Paragraph 4. C．Paragraph 5. D．Paragraph 6.
8．What might be the best title for the text
A．Advantages of being in nature. B．Different types of natural sounds.
C．Well-being from sounds of nature. D．Relationship between sounds and moods.
Passage3
Mark Baker’s appreciation for nature runs deep, but he hasn’t always championed the Amazon rainforest’s rugged beauty.
For eight years, Mr. Baker’s business sold rare tropical wood from the Amazon to customers across the United States. Exporting wood provided him with an excuse to spend a lot of time in the rainforest, taking him back to his boyhood days. Mr. Baker told himself that selective harvest was just part of managing the resource.
But gradually he began to notice on his birding outings that the forest had grown quieter. On the Manaus docks, he saw wood for export labeled with the name of a type of wood legal to export, but knew that it was another illegal type. “It took me eight years to come to the realization that the construct that you can selectively harvest and manage the forest was a bunch of nonsense,” he says. “I couldn’t do it anymore.”
Because of his own personal transformation, Mr. Baker founded an ecotourism company that takes tourists along Brazil’s Rio Negro. With the trips, he aims to foster appreciation and a sense of stewardship(管理)for the rainforest among global citizens.
The Amazon rainforest covers more than 2.3 million square miles and is the biggest carbon store in the world, according to Giordane Martins, a biologist. Forty percent of Brazil’s land lies in the Amazon, but roughly 20% of it is already deforested. Ecotourism, what Mark is doing, has a positive impact.
“Our role is to educate,” Mark says. “Many people arrive with that nature sensibility. Some acquire it on our tours. One of the goals of ecotourism is to share the economic benefits of travel. The other is to help promote conservation, to generate income and help protect the forest. We’ve seen that happen. I wish we could say we saved the rainforest. We haven’t. But we have had an impact.”
9．Why did Mark Baker quit exporting wood business
A．Because he didn’t earn enough money.
B．Because he couldn’t stay in the rainforest and recall his boyhood days any more.
C．Because he realized it was nonsense to harvest selectively and manage the forest.
D．Because he was angry to see all wood for export in his company was another type.
10．Which of the following statements is WRONG
A．The Amazon forest is a most important carbon resource for our globe.
B．All tourists come to visit the Amazon rainforest with nature sensibility.
C．The Amazon rainforest has lost a lot of trees due to human activities.
D．The ecotourism company founded by Mark Baker hasn’t made a grand success.
11．Which of the following can best describe Mark Baker
A．Environmentally conscious and selfish.
B．Profit-oriented and competent.
C．Socially responsible and determined.
D．Smart and pessimistic.
12．What can we learn about the ecotourism from the last paragraph
A．It has a positive impact.
B．It has saved the rainforest.
C．It is profitable but meaningless.
D．It provides academic education.t
Passage4
Nowadays, many of us spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. The result is that our brain easily feels tired. We need to give the brain a rest, but how
David Strayer is a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. He claims that camping may be just what a tech-tired brain needs. His argument finds strong support from Carl and Kate, two experienced campers. Carl, who works for a mobile phone company, says that being outdoors makes him feel relaxed. It also prepares him for the work he must do. “Camping gives us a chance to be in touch with nature and it’s very relaxing. When you return to work on Monday, you’ re in a better state of mind. I really like the way I feel on Monday.” Kate is a senior editor. She says camping brings her some peace she couldn’t have otherwise. She even finds herself more creative.
David Strayer explains that camping allows close contact with nature and being in nature calms the brain and helps it to focus. When people go camping, they need to learn about animals and natural environments; they have to deal with the weather, learn to stay dry in the rain or warm in the snow and have to keep the feet in good condition when hiking and walking.
Some might say that taking a long walk in the woods or by the ocean or in a city park is wonderful, too. But camping requires that one spend more time in nature and it can test him in different ways. And it brings more health benefit as well.
13．How does Carl feel after camping
A．Warm. B．Calm. C．Relaxed. D．Peaceful.
14．Why does the author take Carl and Kate as examples
A．To share a good camping site. B．To share their work experiences.
C．To show their interest in camping. D．To show advantages of camping.
15．Which of the following is the benefit of camping
A．It helps protect the environment. B．It helps us learn more about nature.
C．It teaches us to keep warm in the rain. D．It teaches us to avoid difficult situations.
16．What is the author’s attitude towards camping
A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Uninterested. D．Doubtful.
Passage5
Hope for Solving Our Seas’ Problems
The world’ oceans, more than 70 percent of the Earth's surface, are filled with problems: Overfishing, warming and acidifying (酸化的) waters, plastic pollution, a loss of abundance and diversity. ____17____ But it's of great importance. To care about the ocean in the 21st century is to feel conflicted: despairing what's been lost, optimistic about what we can save.
David Doubilet is a photographer who has already spent more than 27,000 hours underwater. ____18____ There is an image where Doubilet holds a photo he's made on the same reef, in the same spot, in 2009 — and what that reef looked like nine years later. The decline has been completely discouraging.
____19____ He talks about places where the coral's still healthy and is even being used to develop new species of more resilient (可迅速恢复的) coral. And he believes his work documenting all of this — the good and the bad — can inform and inspire.
“The time in the sea has given me a priceless perspective,” he says. “I can make pictures that bear witness. Pictures have this power to educate. But he is careful not to show only pictures that make people feel bad —“____20____”
That’s the message of this issue: ____21____ As Doubilet puts it; “With hope, there's always the ability to change. Whether we choose to drive a hybrid car or not, whether we choose to turn down the temperature, whether we use sustainable energy. Above all, there is hope.”
A．We need pictures that also show hope and resilience.
B．There is reason for hope and a lot that each of us can do.
C．It was like a bunch of corals, and I went back to a boneyard.
D．He has photographed the story about the changes to coral reefs.
E．Yet Doubilet remains hopeful that we can turn a lot of this around.
F．Finding solutions, or even reasons for optimism, can seem a demanding task.
G．There you'll find ideas for addressing the problems and being part of the solutions.
完形填空
The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. It is impossible to ____22____ on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.
Rainforests have ____23____ over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and ____24____ renewable natural resources that for ages, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have ____25____ a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of humankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. ____26____, the inner dynamics of a tropical rainforest is an intricate (错综复杂的) and fragile system. Everything is so ____27____ that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. Sadly, it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to____28____ forever.
The scale of human ____29____ on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen — at a cost of our ____30____. In 2001, The World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice, wheat, and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2020, increasing irrigation water demands by 50% or more. They further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050; ____31____, it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the bulk of the world’s demand for wood.
In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth’s land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in ____32____. In fewer than fifty years, more than half of the world’s tropical rainforests have fallen ____33____ to fire and the chain saw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. Unbelievably, more than 200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day. That is more than 150 acres lost every minute of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year! More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone, and much more is severely threatened as the destruction continues. It is estimated that the Amazon alone is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. If nothing is done to curb (抑制) this____34____, the entire Amazon could well be gone within fifty years.
Massive____35____ brings with it many ugly consequences—air and water pollution, soil erosion, malaria epidemics, the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the____36____ of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming.
22．A．maintain B．capture C．claim D．prove
23．A．changed B．evolved C．expanded D．existed
24．A．energizing B．healing C．isolating D．breathing
25．A．contributed B．stored C．reduced D．affected
26．A．However B．Furthermore C．Therefore D．Otherwise
27．A．active B．sensitive C．interdependent D．delicate
28．A．restore B．support C．revive D．last
29．A．pressure B．power C．concern D．strength
30．A．existence B．ecosystem C．planet D．survival
31．A．unfortunately B．consequently C．naturally D．similarly
32．A．store B．food C．smoke D．wealth
33．A．subject B．down C．apart D．victim
34．A．trend B．practice C．increase D．attitude
35．A．protection B．industrialization C．modernization D．deforestation
36．A．appearance B．explosion C．loss D．increase
语法填空
We live in a vast, complex world, ___37___ new species are being discovered all the time. Yet even as these ___38___ (excite) creatures are being discovered, the increasing human population, climate change, habitat destruction, hunting and the over-exploitation of wildlife mean countless numbers of animals are currently ___39___(push) to the edge of extinction.
Scientists have estimated that over the course of Earth’s history, anywhere between 1 and 4 billion species ___40___(exist).
The natural extinction rate describes how fast plants, mammals, birds and insects ___41___ (die) off if humans weren’t in the picture. It is estimated that today species are disappearing at almost 1,000 ___42___ (time) the natural rate, meaning we’re losing around 150—200 species every single day.
Choosing animals which are likely to go extinct before your children have the opportunity ___43___ (see) them was a daunting task.
By only picking 10, we had to leave ___44___ countless other animals that are facing ___45___ (similarity) depressing circumstances. ___46___ millions of other species, many never known to science, are also likely to die out in the coming decades.
书面表达
Passage1
今年夏天森林火灾频发，生态破坏严重。你校英文报以保护森林为主题，举办征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.森林的重要性；
2.保护森林的倡议。
注意：1.词数不少于80；
2.短文的题目已为你写好。
Save the Forest
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Passage2
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150词左右。
One fall，my wife Elli and I had a single goal:to photograph polar bears. We were staying at a research camp outside “the polar bear capital of the world”-the town of Churchill in Manitoba，Canada.
Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous. Polar bears-like all wild animals-should be photographed from a safe distance. When I'm face to face with a polar bear，I like it to be through a camera with a telephoto lens. But sometimes，that is easier said than done. This was one of those times.
As Elli and I cooked dinner，a young male polar bear who was playing in a nearby lake sniffed，and smelled our garlic bread.
The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp，which was surrounded by a high wire fence. He pulled and bit the wire. He stood on his back legs and pushed at the wooden fence posts.
Terrified，Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew. We yelled at the bear，hit pots hard，and fired blank shotgun shells into the air. Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off. Not this polar bear though-he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws(爪子).
I radioed the camp manager for help. He told me a helicopter was on its way，but it would be 30 minutes before it arrived. Making the best of this close encounter(相遇)，I took some pictures of the bear.
Elli and I feared the fence wouldn't last through 30 more minutes of the bear's punishment. The camp manager suggested I use pepper spray. The spray burns the bears' eyes，but doesn't hurt them. So I approached our uninvited guest slowly and，through the fence，sprayed him in the face. With an angry roar(吼叫)，the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes.
注意:1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph1:
A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp.____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph2:
At that very moment, the helicopter arrived. ____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
阅读理解
1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇是说明文。文章讲解了由于人类的活动导致气温上升，从而产生热浪，以及热浪对于世界各地的不良影响。
1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“This week record-breaking temperatures of more than 40’C were forecast in Britain. ”（本周，英国的气温预计将突破40摄氏度。）和“ In mainland Europe, things were bleaker still. After weeks of drought, a heatwave sparked wildfires in France, Greece, Portugal and Spain. ”（在欧洲大陆，情况更加严峻。经过数周的干旱，热浪在法国、希腊、葡萄牙和西班牙引发了野火。）可知，本段主要讲解了热浪横扫了世界各地。A项“Extreme heat breaks out across the globe.”（全球爆发酷暑。）能概括本段大意，故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“New records will be set as long as humans continue to burn fossil fuels and destroy carbon-storing ecosystems.”（只要人类继续燃烧化石燃料并破坏碳储存生态系统，就会创造新的记录。）可知，是造成高温不断创新记录的一个主要原因是人类燃烧化石燃料，破坏了碳储存生态系统。C项“One of the critical factors in extreme heat is human activities.”（极端炎热的关键因素之一是人类活动。）是其同义表达，故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Heatwaves can cause crops to suffer, as happened this spring in India. In three northern states, yields probably fell by between 10%-35%. If several “breadbasket” arc as are affected there will be worldwide shortages, pushing up prices.”（热浪会导致农作物受损，就像今年春天在印度发生的那样。在北方三个州，收益率可能下降了10%-35%。如果几个“粮仓”受到影响，世界范围内就会出现短缺，从而推高价格。）可知，热浪会使农作物受损，从而导致粮食价格上涨。B项“High crop price.”（作物价格高。）符合原文表述，故选C项。
4．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Heatwaves often stretch energy grids(电网)to breaking point. In places where electricity is moved across borders, a stream of power from somewhere not affected can help stabilize the grid. But simultaneous(同时的)heatwaves make that complicated. ”（热浪通常会拉伸能源网格到断裂点。在电力跨境输送的地方，来自未受影响地方的电力流可以帮助稳定电网。但同时发生热浪使这变得复杂。）可以推测，这里的that指代是上一句的“ electricity is moved across borders”。D项“Moving electricity across borders.”（跨境输送电力。）符合推断，故选D项。
5．D 6．A 7．B 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了长期以来，人们都知道在大自然中生活是有好处的，听自然声音会带来一些健康益处。
5．推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“It is long known that there are benefits from being in nature. Living around trees can help you live longer. Walking in the woods is good for your mood. (长期以来，人们都知道在大自然中生活是有好处的。住在树周围可以帮助你活得更长。在树林里散步对你的心情有好处。)”“在大自然中生活是有好处的”这个观点是人们普遍接受和认可的，可知作者介绍文章的主题是通过提出广泛的观点，故选D。
6．推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“Our research team studied the acoustic (声学的) environment for quite a few years, but from the view of the negative impacts of noise pollution (我们的研究团队对声环境进行了多年的研究，但从噪声污染的负面影响来看)”可知Buxton之前的研究重点是噪音的不良影响，故选A。
7．推理判断题。文章第四段讲到“We found many sites beneficial to health in parks—sites with abundant natural sounds and little disturbance from noise (我们发现公园里有许多有益于健康的场所，它们有丰富的自然声音，很少受到噪音的干扰。)”可知第四段最能支持“自然声音的安静环境效果更好”，故选B。
8．主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了长期以来，人们都知道在大自然中生活是有好处的，听自然声音会带来一些健康益处。以及最后一段讲到“So although you might not be getting the same health benefits as a quiet environment with lots of natural sound, even in a city if you have noise in the background, listening to natural sounds still delivers some health benefits. (因此，尽管你可能得不到与拥有大量自然声音的安静环境一样的健康益处，即使在城市中，如果你有背景噪音，听自然声音也会带来一些健康益处。)”可知文章的最佳标题是“来自大自然的声音的幸福”，故选C。
9．C 10．B 11．C 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了靠着雨林木材做生意的Mark Baker意识到自己的行为对雨林造成了很大的破坏，从而一改态度，开始号召生态旅游，拯救雨林，并起到了一些积极作用。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段第三四句“ “It took me eight years to come to the realization that the construct that you can selectively harvest and manage the forest was a bunch of nonsense,” he says. “I couldn’t do it anymore.” (“我花了8年的时间才意识到，你可以选择性地收割和管理森林的构想是一派胡言。”他说。“我再也做不下去了。”)”可知，Mark Baker放弃木材出口生意的原因是他意识到选择性收割和管理森林是无稽之谈。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Many people arrive with that nature sensibility. (许多人都带着对自然的感情来到这里。)”可知，是很多人而不是所有人带着对自然的感情来到这里。所以选项B“All tourists come to visit the Amazon rainforest with nature sensibility. (所有的游客都带着对自然的敏感来参观亚马逊雨林。)”是错误的。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段第三四句“ “It took me eight years to come to the realization that the construct that you can selectively harvest and manage the forest was a bunch of nonsense,” he says. “I couldn’t do it anymore.” (“我花了8年的时间才意识到，你可以选择性地收割和管理森林的构想是一派胡言。”他说。“我再也做不下去了。” )”可知，他是下定了决心的。根据第四段最后一句“With the trips, he aims to foster appreciation and a sense of stewardship(管理)for the rainforest among global citizens. (通过这些旅行，他的目标是在全球公民中培养对雨林的欣赏和管理意识。)”可知，他是具有社会责任感的。故选C项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I wish we could say we saved the rainforest. We haven’t. But we have had an impact. (我希望我们可以说我们拯救了雨林。我们还没有。但我们已经产生了影响。)”可知，虽然他们提倡的生态旅游还没有完全拯救雨林，但是已经产生了积极的影响。故填A项。
13．C 14．D 15．B 16．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。过度使用电子设备的后果是我们的大脑会感到疲劳。David Strayer认为露营可能正是厌倦科技的大脑所需要的，Carl和Kate就是最好的例证，露营不但使人可以亲近大自然，了解大自然，还能使人放松下来，以更好的状态投入工作。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Carl, who works for a mobile phone company, says that being outdoors makes him feel relaxed. It also prepares him for the work he must do. (在一家手机公司工作的卡尔说，在户外让他感到放松。这也为他必须做的工作做好准备。)”可知，露营后卡尔感到放松。故选C项。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段中“He claims that camping may be just what a tech-tired brain needs. His argument finds strong support from Carl and Kate, two experienced campers. (他声称，露营可能正是厌倦科技的大脑所需要的。他的观点得到了卡尔和凯特两位经验丰富的露营者的大力支持。)”可知，作者之所以以卡尔和凯特为例主要是为了展示露营的好处。故选D项。
15．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“When people go camping, they need to learn about animals and natural environments; they have to deal with the weather, learn to stay dry in the rain or warm in the snow and have to keep the feet in good condition when hiking and walking. (当人们去野营时，他们需要了解动物和自然环境；他们必须应对天气，学会在雨中保持干燥或在雪中保持温暖，在徒步旅行和步行时必须保持脚的良好状态。)”可知，露营的好处是它帮助我们更多地了解自然。故选B项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“But camping requires that one spend more time in nature and it can test him in different ways. And it brings more health benefit as well. (但是露营需要一个人花更多的时间在大自然中，它可以在不同的方面考验他。它还能带来更多的健康益处。)”可知，作者对露营的态度是“积极的”。故选A项。
17．F 18．D 19．E 20．A 21．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一位水下摄影师通过拍摄水下珊瑚礁的照片，提出对于解决海洋问题，我们应充满希望。
17．根据前文“The world’ oceans, more than 70 percent of the Earth's surface, are filled with problems: Overfishing, warming and acidifying (酸化的) waters, plastic pollution, a loss of abundance and diversity. (占地球表面70% 以上的海洋，充满了各种问题：过度捕捞，变暖和酸化的海水，塑料污染，丰富性和多样性的丧失)”讲述了海洋存在的问题，所以接下来可以阐述解决这些存在问题的方法。选项F.“Finding solutions, or even reasons for optimism, can seem a demanding task. (找到解决办法，甚至找到乐观的理由，似乎是一项艰巨的任务)”与前文逻辑一致，符合题意。故选F。
18．根据前文“David Doubilet is a photographer who has already spent more than 27,000 hours underwater. (David Doubilet是个摄影师，他已经在水下呆了超过27000小时)”及后文“There is an image where Doubilet holds a photo he's made on the same reef, in the same spot, in 2009.(有一张图片是Doubilet在2009年的同一个地点，在同一个珊瑚礁上拍摄的)”可知，David Doubilet 的职业摄影师，他拍摄了一张珊瑚礁的照片。所以空白处的内容应为他拍摄的主题是什么。选项D.“He has photographed the story about the changes to coral reefs.(他拍摄了珊瑚礁变化的故事)”与前后文的逻辑一致，符合题意，故选D。
19．根据第二段最后两句“There is an image where Doubilet holds a photo he's made on the same reef, in the same spot, in 2009 — and what that reef looked like nine years later. The decline has been completely discouraging.(有一张图片是Doubilet在2009年的同一个地点，在同一个珊瑚礁上拍摄的，这张照片是九年后那个珊瑚礁的样子。这种衰退完全令人沮丧)”可知，照片中的珊瑚礁和9年前的样子比较，可以看出珊瑚礁的衰退。空白后下文“And he believes his work documenting all of this — the good and the bad — can inform and inspire. (他相信他记录所有这一切的工作——好的和坏的——能够提供信息和启发)”可知，他认为他的记录会给我们提供信息和启发，来做出对珊瑚礁有利的措施。所以空白处应为承前启后的作用。应该讲述他对珊瑚礁的恢复是有信心的。选项E.“Yet Doubilet remains hopeful that we can turn a lot of this around.(但Doubilet仍然希望我们能扭转局面)”与文意相符，故选E。
20．根据前文“But he is careful not to show only pictures that make people feel bad(但他很细心，不只展示那些让人感觉不好的照片)”可知，接下来要讲述的为他的照片中还要继续展示好的一面。选项A.“We need pictures that also show hope and resilience. (我们需要同时展现希望和韧性的照片)”与文意相符，故选A。
21．根据下文“As Doubilet puts it; "With hope, there's always the ability to change. Whether we choose to drive a hybrid car or not, whether we choose to turn down the temperature, whether we use sustainable energy. Above all, there is hope.” (正如Doubilet所说，“有了希望，就总有能力改变。我们是否选择开混合动力车，是否选择降低温度，是否使用可持续能源。最重要的是希望。”)”讲述了对于我们的未来，充满希望是重要的，因为希望决定着我们能否改变。所以空白处应该讲述我们要充满希望的理由及我们可以做的事情。选项B.“There is reason for hope and a lot that each of us can do.(我们有理由充满希望，我们每个人都可以做很多事)”与文意一致，故选B。
完形填空
22．B 23．B 24．D 25．A 26．A 27．C 28．D 29．A 30．B
31．A 32．C 33．D 34．A 35．D 36．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。雨林生态系统经过几百万年的进化变成了现在这么复杂的系统，雨林呈现出生物多样性，但同时也很脆弱，物种之间息息相关，雨林因为要满足人类的经济发展和人口增长的需要而被人类肆意破坏，雨林正在以惊人的速度消失，同时因此产生了多个恶果。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是不可能用胶片拍摄，用语言描述，或解释给从没有去过雨林深处体验过这种令人惊叹的经历的人。A. maintain保持；B. capture拍摄；C. claim声称；D. prove证实。上文“The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. (原始雨林的美丽、庄严和永恒是无法形容的。)”可知，雨林的美只能亲自去体验，电影都无法捕捉到雨林的美和神秘，故选B项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨林经过了数百万年的进化，才形成了今天这种难以置信地复杂的环境。A. changed改变；B. evolved进化；C. expanded扩大，增加；D. existed存在。根据句意，雨林变成现在的状态，是经历了几百万年的进化才形成的，evolved符合语境。故选B项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨林是一个有生命和还呼吸着的可再生自然资源的宝库，多年来，由于其丰富的动植物物种，为人类的生存和福祉贡献了丰富的资源。A. energizing使人充满活力；B. healing治疗；C. isolating隔离；D. breathing呼吸。根据句意，and前后两个词都强调活着的，现在分词作定语，修饰natural resources，breathing符合语境。故选D项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨林是一个有生命和还呼吸着的可再生自然资源的宝库，多年来，由于其丰富的动植物物种，为人类的生存和福祉贡献了丰富的资源。A. contributed有助于，贡献；B. stored储存，容纳；C. reduced减少；D. affected影响。根据句意，雨林中丰富的动植物为人类的生存做出了贡献，contributed符合语境。故选A项。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，热带雨林的内部动态是一个复杂而脆弱的系统。A. However然而；B. Furthermore而且；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。由下句“Everything is so 6 that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. (一切都是如此的相互依赖，破坏一个部分会导致未知的损坏，甚至整个森林的毁坏。) ”可知，上文写的雨林的丰富性，此处借助于however，介绍了雨林的脆弱性，与上文形成对比。故选A项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都是如此的相互依赖，破坏一个部分会导致未知的损坏，甚至整个森林的毁坏。 A. active活跃的；B. sensitive善解人意的；C. interdependent相互依赖的；D. delicate脆弱的。根据句意，“牵一发而动全身”，对雨林的任何破坏，都会危及到其他物种，甚至危及整个森林，可推知：雨林中的一切都是相互依赖的。故选C项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：可悲的是，人类只花了一个世纪的干预就摧毁了大自然设计的永存之物。A. restore恢复；B. support支持；C. revive使复兴；D. last持续。上文“Rainforests have 2 over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. (雨林经过了数百万年的进化，才形成了今天这种难以置信地复杂的环境。)”可知，短短一个世纪，人为干涉就破坏了大自然花了数百万年进化而来的生态系统，倘若没有人为干涉，生态系统本是可以持续永远的，last符合语境。故选D项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句句意：在过去的几十年里，人类对世界各地生态系统的压力大大增加。A. pressure压力；B. power能力；C. concern忧虑，关爱；D. strength实力，强度。由下文“Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. (自1980年以来，全球经济规模增长了两倍，世界人口增长了30%)”可知，随着人类发展经济的生产原材料的需要，以及人口增长导致的对生存物资的需要，人类对生态系统的索取越加增大，生态系统的压力增加了。故选A项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：地球上一切事物的消耗都在增加——以我们的生态系统为代价。A. existence存在；B. ecosystem生态系统；C. planet行星；D. survival生存。上文“The scale of human 8 on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. (在过去的几十年里，人类对世界各地生态系统的压力大大增加。自1980年以来，全球经济规模增长了两倍，世界人口增长了30%)”可知，经济发展和人口激增，都是在消耗地球生态系统，以生态系统为代价。故选B项。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们进一步报告说，到2050年，对木材的需求可能会翻一番；不幸的是，世界上的热带森林仍然是世界木材需求的主要来源。A. unfortunately不幸地，遗憾地；B. consequently因此；C. naturally自然地；D. similarly相似地。根据上下文，雨林已经不堪重荷，但是人类对木材需求还在增加，很不幸地，压力依然落在热带雨林上。故选A项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，一半以上的雨林已经化为乌有。A. store商店；B. food食物；C. smoke烟；D. wealth财富。短语go up in smoke，意为“像烟一样一下子就消失了，随烟飘散”，smoke符合句意。故选C项。
33．考查名词和动词短语辨析。句意：在不到50年的时间里，世界上一半以上的热带雨林都成为了火灾和电锯的牺牲品，而且这种破坏的速度还在加快。A. subject主题；B. (fall) down跌倒；C. fall (apart)分开；D. victim受害者，牺牲品。空格处单词与后半句中的destruction (毁灭，破坏) 呼应。短语fall victim to，意为“成为……的牺牲品”，为固定搭配，victim符合句意。故选D项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果什么都不做去控制这种趋势，整个亚马逊森林会在50年内消失。A. trend趋势；B. practice练习；C. increase增加；D. attitude态度。上句“It is estimated that the Amazon alone is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. (据估计，仅亚马逊河就以每年20000平方英里的速度消失)”可知，亚马逊河就以每年20000平方英里的速度消失，如果不控制这一趋势，整个亚马逊森林会在50年内消失。故选A项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大量的毁林会带来严重的后果——空气和水污染、水土流失、疟疾流行、二氧化碳被释放到大气中，以及动植物的灭绝带来的生物多样性的丧失。A. protection保护；B. industrialization工业化；C. modernization现代化；D. deforestation滥伐森林。根据上文“Today, more than half has already gone up in 11 . In fewer than fifty years, more than half of the world's tropical rainforests have fallen 12 to fire and the chain saw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. (如今，一半以上的雨林已经化为乌有。在不到50年的时间里，世界上一半以上的热带雨林都成为了火灾和电锯的牺牲品，而且这种破坏的速度还在加快。)”可知，雨林受到前所未有的破坏，同时带来了一系列的恶果。deforestation符合语境。故选D项。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大量的毁林会带来严重的后果——空气和水污染、水土流失、疟疾流行、二氧化碳被释放到大气中，以及动植物的灭绝带来的生物多样性的丧失。A. appearance出现；B. explosion爆炸；C. loss丧失；D. increase增加。由“extinction of plants and animals (植物和动物的灭绝)”可知，大规模的砍伐森林，会导致森林失去生物多样性。故选C项。
语法填空
37．where 38．exciting 39．being pushed 40．have existed
41．would die 42．times 43．to see 44．out 45．similar 46．But
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了新物种不断被发现，但是无数的物种目前正因为人类活动而被推向灭绝的边缘。
37．考查非限定性定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个巨大而复杂的世界里，在这里新物种不断被发现。分析句子结构，world为先行词，后接非限定性定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，设空处应用关系副词where。故填where。
38．考查形容词。句意：然而，就在这些令人兴奋的生物被发现的同时，不断增长的人口、气候变化、栖息地破坏、狩猎和对野生动物的过度开发意味着无数的动物目前正被推向灭绝的边缘。根据设空处前后词汇，应用形容词做名词creatures的前置定语，修饰物的excite的形容词为exciting。故填exciting。
39．考查动词时态、语态。句意：然而，就在这些令人兴奋的生物被发现的同时，不断增长的人口、气候变化、栖息地破坏、狩猎和对野生动物的过度开发意味着无数的动物目前正被推向灭绝的边缘。根据句子结构，mean后接宾语从句，此处为从句的谓语动词，根据状语currently，应用现在进行时态，push与逻辑主语animals之间为动宾关系，此处应用现在进行时的被动语态be being done。故填being pushed。
40．考查时态、主谓一致。句意：科学家们估计，在地球的历史进程中，存在过10亿到40亿物种。根据时间状语over the course of Earth's history，谓语动词estimated后接的宾语从句应用现在完成时态；主语为between 1 and 4 billion species，为复数，助动词用have。故填have existed。
41．考查虚拟语气。句意：自然灭绝率描述了如果没有人类，植物、哺乳动物、鸟类和昆虫的灭绝速度会有多快。根据后半句中if humans weren’t in the picture，可知设空处用虚拟语气中的主句部分，与现在事实相反，应为would do的形式，故填would die。
42．考查名词复数。句意：据估计，如今物种消失的速度几乎是自然速度的1000倍，这意味着我们每天大约失去150到200个物种。跟在数字1000后，设空处应用名词复数times。故填times。
43．考查动词不定式。句意：选择那些可能在你的孩子有机会看到它们之前就灭绝的动物是一项艰巨的任务。短语have the opportunity to do sth，动词不定式作opportunity的定语，故填to see。
44．考查固定短语。句意：我们只选择了10种动物，却没有考虑到无数其他正面临同样令人沮丧境况的动物。短语leave out，意为“不考虑，不包括”。故填out。
45．考查形容词。句意：我们只选择了10种动物，却没有考虑到无数其他正面临同样令人沮丧境况的动物。根据句子结构，修饰名词circumstances，应用形容词，similarity的形容词为similar，为前置定语。故填similar。
46．考查连词。句意：但是，数以百万计的其他物种，其中许多从未为科学所知，也可能在未来几十年灭绝。根据上文，我们只是忽略了无数其他正面临同样令人沮丧境况的动物，但是更多的人类尚未发现的物种也在消失，只是我们不知道而已。此处为转折关系，且在句首，应首字母大写。故填But。
书面表达
Passage1
As you might know, deforestation has become a growing concern worldwide. It is high time that we took this issue seriously.
Forests are of great significance as they produce over 20% the Earth’s oxygen, and house an incredible variety of wildlife. So, what can we do to make a difference To begin with, the local communities ought to develop sustainable agriculture. That way, it is more likely to achieve a balance between forest protection and economic development. In addition, it is essential for the government to outlaw excessive deforestation. As for us, we should raise our awareness of conserving forest resources. For instance, we can start from reducing our daily consumption of paper.
Forests are critical to the survival of every living thing on the earth. Let’s join hands to ensure a greener planet for the generations to come!
【导语】这是一篇开放作文。要求考生以保护森林为主题，向学校英文报投稿。
【详解】词汇积累
担忧：worry→concern
重要性：importance→significance
难以置信的：unbelievable→incredible
例如：for example→for instance
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Forests are of great significance. Forests produce over 20% the Earth’s oxygen. Forests house an incredible variety of wildlife.
拓展句：Forests are of great significance as they produce over 20% the Earth’s oxygen, and house an incredible variety of wildlife.
【点睛】[高分句型1] As you might know, deforestation has become a growing concern worldwide. (运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] It is high time that we took this issue seriously. (运用了虚拟语气)
Passage2
A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp. Roars and screams pierced the silence with needle-like shrillness. The noises turned Elli and I pale with horror. I feared that the giant would destroy our whole fence. He roared repeatedly, shattering what was left of the silence. Elli seized this opportunity to take some pictures of the bear. The animal’s noises echoed all around us. We betrayed our feelings by huddling together, shivering with fear. After thoroughly scrutinizing the area, he trotted forward a few steps.
At that very moment, the helicopter arrived. My heart leaped with joy as I knew we were likely to be saved. Elli used pepper spray again to buy us enough time. But this time the bear became more alert. He regarded us with the merciless necessity of hunger, so we throw all the food we have. He then turned away and started devouring. As we were climbing the rope ladder, Elli prayed like thousand times to show thankfulness of being safe and sound.
【解析】
本文主要讲述了人与熊对抗，之后成功脱险的故事。主人公的感情线变化为：兴奋渴望→惊恐→放松。剧情线以主人公如何与北极熊周旋并成功摆脱它展开。
由第一段的段首提示句可知：几分钟后，熊又回到营地。接下来可通过场景渲染，描写当时令人颤栗惊恐的画面，例如“Roars and screams pierced the silence with needle-like shrillness.”这不仅合理地描写了熊的反应，也描绘出让人战栗的场景。
由第二段的段首提示句可知：此时，直升机到了。如果想要进行续写两段的合理衔接，第一段的结尾可描写成“After thoroughly scrutinizing the area, the bear trotted forward a few steps.”这样可以营造出危急的场景。“我们”看到直升机的到来，感到绝处逢生的喜悦，可以以人物心理描写作为第二段的开头，重点描写喜极而泣的状态，例如“My heart leaped with joy as I knew we were likely to be saved.”
最后，结尾部分需要迅速收束，并说明成功逃脱的结局。
关于画线词：Elli作为女主人公，是续写内容中应该出现的画线词，noises, pictures, fence, spray与熊有关，也在两段续写内容中出现。最终，两人回归安全状态，因此画线词safe也可自然而然地出现在续写内容中。由此划分画线词，可迅速锁定需使用的画线词范围，辅助构思。
金句诵读
1.推动绿色发展，促进人与自然和谐共生
Pursuing Green Development and Promoting Harmonybetween Humanity and Nature
2.尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然，是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的内在要求。
Respecting, adapting to, and protecting nature is essential for building China into a modern socialist country in all respects.
3.加快发展方式绿色转型Accelerating the transition to a model of green development
4.深入推进环境污染防治Intensifying pollution prevention and control
5. 提升生态系统多样性、稳定性、持续性Enhance diversity, stability and sustainability in our ecosystems
6. 积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和
Working actively and prudently toward the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality
语段填空-原创
The 8th Shanghai International Nature Conservation Festival kicked off on Thursday .
Featuring green and low-carbon development harmony 1 human and nature, nine themed activities including a celebrity forum, environmental protection science popularization, a photography exhibition and other on-theme events in 2 (vary) venues will be held through Nov 4 in the city.
Panels and round-table conferences will be held in Pudong and Chongming during the weekend, 3 (invite) experts from universities, research institutes and well-known enterprises 4 ( discuss )topics focusing on achieving the goal of carbon neutrality and maintaining natural ecosystems. The younger generations 5 (expect) to be a major part of the activities. Since June this year, nearly one million students have been involved in the 6 (relate) activities and more than 4,000 nature notes made by teenagers based on 7 (they) own observation and research of the plants and environment have been received by the festival organizer.
A series of science popularization activities will be launched in the city's zoos, botanical garden 8 forest parks during the coming week. The city's per capita greenery space amounted to 8.8 square meters by the end of last year. 9 number of parks is 532 in the city, about 3.5 times compared to 2011. Meanwhile, the city carried out the construction, protection and restoration of wildlife habitats according to local conditions, and established 22 wildlife 10 (habitat)
【答案】
1.between 2．various 3．inviting 4．to discuss 5．are expected
6.related 7．their 8．and 9．The 10．habitats.
阅读理解
Passage1
This week record-breaking temperatures of more than 40’C were forecast in Britain. Schools closed and hospitals cancelled routine appointments. The Royal Air Force had to rearrange flights from its biggest air base after the runway melted. In mainland Europe, things were bleaker still. After weeks of drought, a heatwave sparked wildfires in France, Greece, Portugal and Spain. Parts of America are struggling through one of their hottest summers ever. And many places of eastern and southern China have seen unusually high temperatures in recent weeks.
Why are all of these places suffering extreme heat at the same time Climate change has made heatwaves more frequent. Very hot temperatures that were once rare occur more frequently and heatwaves that were once impossible come to pass. The temperatures in Britain this week fit into the second category(II),says Richard Betts, a climate researcher with the British Met Office. Similarly, modelling carried out by the World Weather Attribution group, a research coalition, found that last year’s unprecedented heatwave in the Pacific Northwest would have been ”virtually impossible“ without climate change. New records will be set as long as humans continue to burn fossil fuels and destroy carbon-storing ecosystems.
Whatever the cause, the consequences are disastrous. Heatwaves kill people and worsen existing health conditions. Heatwaves can cause crops to suffer, as happened this spring in India. In three northern states, yields probably fell by between 10%-35%. If several “breadbasket” arc as are affected there will be worldwide shortages, pushing up prices. Other systems are at risk, too. Heat can disrupt everything from manufacturing to transport. Last weak factories in Zhejiang province in China were forced to ration(定量供应)power to ensure enough supply for air-conditioners in nearby homes. Heatwaves often stretch energy grids(电网)to breaking point. In places where electricity is moved across borders, a stream of power from somewhere not affected can help stabilize the grid. But simultaneous(同时的)heatwaves make that complicated. In an interconnected world，regions rely on each other to cope with disaster. Which becomes much harder when the disasters arc happening in many places at once.
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．Extreme heat breaks out across the globe.
B．The new temperature record has been set in some areas.
C．Natural disasters are increasing due to the extreme heat.
D．Many places arc actively fighting against extreme heat.
2．What can we learn from paragraph 2
A．There used to be frequent heatwaves and high temperatures.
B．The British feel more comfortable when the temperature is II.
C．One of the critical factors in extreme heat is human activities.
D．It is impossible to experience extreme heat in Pacific Northwest.
3．What problem would heatwaves cause globally according to the last paragraph
A．Low birth rate.
B．High crop price.
C．Less factories
D．Global warming.
4．What does the underlined pronoun “that” refer to in the last paragraph
A．Stretching energy grids.
B．Rationing power in factories.
C．Generating power.
D．Moving electricity across borders.
Passage2
It is long known that there are benefits from being in nature. Living around trees can help you live longer. Walking in the woods is good for your mood. But it’s not just what you see that makes an impact. A group of scientists from the U. S. and Canada studied the advantages of nature using their ears instead of their eyes.
“Our research team studied the acoustic (声学的) environment for quite a few years, but from the view of the negative impacts of noise pollution,” Rachel Buxton, the post-doctoral researcher and bird expert says. “However, I’ve always been curious about what are the beneficial impacts of natural sounds.” Being a bird expert made him interested in sounds.
For their research, Buxton and her team identified three dozen studies that examined the health benefits of natural sound. Some examples they found reported in those studies included decreased pain, lowered stress, improved mood, and better cognitive (认知的) function. With these results in hand, they then listened to audio recordings from 251 sites in 68 national parks across the United States.
“We found many sites beneficial to health in parks—sites with abundant natural sounds and little disturbance from noise,” Buxton says. “Yet, parks that are more heavily visited or near urban areas are more likely to be flooded with noise. That means many park visitors are not gaining the health benefits found in more quiet spaces.”
Interestingly, Buxton says, there was also some evidence that natural sounds have benefits over silence. There was also evidence that more different types of natural sounds—more types of birds singing versus just one type of bird—have benefits over fewer sounds.
“Also, a really interesting result was that listening to natural sounds with road noise had more benefits than just listening to noise,” she says. “So although you might not be getting the same health benefits as a quiet environment with lots of natural sound, even in a city if you have noise in the background, listening to natural sounds still delivers some health benefits.”
5．How does the author introduce the topic of the text
A．By listing examples. B．By making a comment.
C．By providing some accurate data. D．By presenting a widely held view.
6．What is Buxton’s previous study centered on
A．The bad effects of noises. B．Birds’ habitat environment.
C．The causes of noise pollution. D．Humans’ visual interest in nature.
7．Which paragraph best supports “Quiet environment with natural sounds has a better effect”
A．Paragraph 3. B．Paragraph 4. C．Paragraph 5. D．Paragraph 6.
8．What might be the best title for the text
A．Advantages of being in nature. B．Different types of natural sounds.
C．Well-being from sounds of nature. D．Relationship between sounds and moods.
Passage3
Mark Baker’s appreciation for nature runs deep, but he hasn’t always championed the Amazon rainforest’s rugged beauty.
For eight years, Mr. Baker’s business sold rare tropical wood from the Amazon to customers across the United States. Exporting wood provided him with an excuse to spend a lot of time in the rainforest, taking him back to his boyhood days. Mr. Baker told himself that selective harvest was just part of managing the resource.
But gradually he began to notice on his birding outings that the forest had grown quieter. On the Manaus docks, he saw wood for export labeled with the name of a type of wood legal to export, but knew that it was another illegal type. “It took me eight years to come to the realization that the construct that you can selectively harvest and manage the forest was a bunch of nonsense,” he says. “I couldn’t do it anymore.”
Because of his own personal transformation, Mr. Baker founded an ecotourism company that takes tourists along Brazil’s Rio Negro. With the trips, he aims to foster appreciation and a sense of stewardship(管理)for the rainforest among global citizens.
The Amazon rainforest covers more than 2.3 million square miles and is the biggest carbon store in the world, according to Giordane Martins, a biologist. Forty percent of Brazil’s land lies in the Amazon, but roughly 20% of it is already deforested. Ecotourism, what Mark is doing, has a positive impact.
“Our role is to educate,” Mark says. “Many people arrive with that nature sensibility. Some acquire it on our tours. One of the goals of ecotourism is to share the economic benefits of travel. The other is to help promote conservation, to generate income and help protect the forest. We’ve seen that happen. I wish we could say we saved the rainforest. We haven’t. But we have had an impact.”
9．Why did Mark Baker quit exporting wood business
A．Because he didn’t earn enough money.
B．Because he couldn’t stay in the rainforest and recall his boyhood days any more.
C．Because he realized it was nonsense to harvest selectively and manage the forest.
D．Because he was angry to see all wood for export in his company was another type.
10．Which of the following statements is WRONG
A．The Amazon forest is a most important carbon resource for our globe.
B．All tourists come to visit the Amazon rainforest with nature sensibility.
C．The Amazon rainforest has lost a lot of trees due to human activities.
D．The ecotourism company founded by Mark Baker hasn’t made a grand success.
11．Which of the following can best describe Mark Baker
A．Environmentally conscious and selfish.
B．Profit-oriented and competent.
C．Socially responsible and determined.
D．Smart and pessimistic.
12．What can we learn about the ecotourism from the last paragraph
A．It has a positive impact.
B．It has saved the rainforest.
C．It is profitable but meaningless.
D．It provides academic education.t
Passage4
Nowadays, many of us spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. The result is that our brain easily feels tired. We need to give the brain a rest, but how
David Strayer is a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. He claims that camping may be just what a tech-tired brain needs. His argument finds strong support from Carl and Kate, two experienced campers. Carl, who works for a mobile phone company, says that being outdoors makes him feel relaxed. It also prepares him for the work he must do. “Camping gives us a chance to be in touch with nature and it’s very relaxing. When you return to work on Monday, you’ re in a better state of mind. I really like the way I feel on Monday.” Kate is a senior editor. She says camping brings her some peace she couldn’t have otherwise. She even finds herself more creative.
David Strayer explains that camping allows close contact with nature and being in nature calms the brain and helps it to focus. When people go camping, they need to learn about animals and natural environments; they have to deal with the weather, learn to stay dry in the rain or warm in the snow and have to keep the feet in good condition when hiking and walking.
Some might say that taking a long walk in the woods or by the ocean or in a city park is wonderful, too. But camping requires that one spend more time in nature and it can test him in different ways. And it brings more health benefit as well.
13．How does Carl feel after camping
A．Warm. B．Calm. C．Relaxed. D．Peaceful.
14．Why does the author take Carl and Kate as examples
A．To share a good camping site. B．To share their work experiences.
C．To show their interest in camping. D．To show advantages of camping.
15．Which of the following is the benefit of camping
A．It helps protect the environment. B．It helps us learn more about nature.
C．It teaches us to keep warm in the rain. D．It teaches us to avoid difficult situations.
16．What is the author’s attitude towards camping
A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Uninterested. D．Doubtful.
Passage5
Hope for Solving Our Seas’ Problems
The world’ oceans, more than 70 percent of the Earth's surface, are filled with problems: Overfishing, warming and acidifying (酸化的) waters, plastic pollution, a loss of abundance and diversity. ____17____ But it's of great importance. To care about the ocean in the 21st century is to feel conflicted: despairing what's been lost, optimistic about what we can save.
David Doubilet is a photographer who has already spent more than 27,000 hours underwater. ____18____ There is an image where Doubilet holds a photo he's made on the same reef, in the same spot, in 2009 — and what that reef looked like nine years later. The decline has been completely discouraging.
____19____ He talks about places where the coral's still healthy and is even being used to develop new species of more resilient (可迅速恢复的) coral. And he believes his work documenting all of this — the good and the bad — can inform and inspire.
“The time in the sea has given me a priceless perspective,” he says. “I can make pictures that bear witness. Pictures have this power to educate. But he is careful not to show only pictures that make people feel bad —“____20____”
That’s the message of this issue: ____21____ As Doubilet puts it; “With hope, there's always the ability to change. Whether we choose to drive a hybrid car or not, whether we choose to turn down the temperature, whether we use sustainable energy. Above all, there is hope.”
A．We need pictures that also show hope and resilience.
B．There is reason for hope and a lot that each of us can do.
C．It was like a bunch of corals, and I went back to a boneyard.
D．He has photographed the story about the changes to coral reefs.
E．Yet Doubilet remains hopeful that we can turn a lot of this around.
F．Finding solutions, or even reasons for optimism, can seem a demanding task.
G．There you'll find ideas for addressing the problems and being part of the solutions.
完形填空
The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. It is impossible to ____22____ on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.
Rainforests have ____23____ over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and ____24____ renewable natural resources that for ages, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have ____25____ a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of humankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. ____26____, the inner dynamics of a tropical rainforest is an intricate (错综复杂的) and fragile system. Everything is so ____27____ that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. Sadly, it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to____28____ forever.
The scale of human ____29____ on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen — at a cost of our ____30____. In 2001, The World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice, wheat, and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2020, increasing irrigation water demands by 50% or more. They further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050; ____31____, it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the bulk of the world’s demand for wood.
In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth’s land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in ____32____. In fewer than fifty years, more than half of the world’s tropical rainforests have fallen ____33____ to fire and the chain saw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. Unbelievably, more than 200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day. That is more than 150 acres lost every minute of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year! More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone, and much more is severely threatened as the destruction continues. It is estimated that the Amazon alone is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. If nothing is done to curb (抑制) this____34____, the entire Amazon could well be gone within fifty years.
Massive____35____ brings with it many ugly consequences—air and water pollution, soil erosion, malaria epidemics, the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the____36____ of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming.
22．A．maintain B．capture C．claim D．prove
23．A．changed B．evolved C．expanded D．existed
24．A．energizing B．healing C．isolating D．breathing
25．A．contributed B．stored C．reduced D．affected
26．A．However B．Furthermore C．Therefore D．Otherwise
27．A．active B．sensitive C．interdependent D．delicate
28．A．restore B．support C．revive D．last
29．A．pressure B．power C．concern D．strength
30．A．existence B．ecosystem C．planet D．survival
31．A．unfortunately B．consequently C．naturally D．similarly
32．A．store B．food C．smoke D．wealth
33．A．subject B．down C．apart D．victim
34．A．trend B．practice C．increase D．attitude
35．A．protection B．industrialization C．modernization D．deforestation
36．A．appearance B．explosion C．loss D．increase
语法填空
We live in a vast, complex world, ___37___ new species are being discovered all the time. Yet even as these ___38___ (excite) creatures are being discovered, the increasing human population, climate change, habitat destruction, hunting and the over-exploitation of wildlife mean countless numbers of animals are currently ___39___(push) to the edge of extinction.
Scientists have estimated that over the course of Earth’s history, anywhere between 1 and 4 billion species ___40___(exist).
The natural extinction rate describes how fast plants, mammals, birds and insects ___41___ (die) off if humans weren’t in the picture. It is estimated that today species are disappearing at almost 1,000 ___42___ (time) the natural rate, meaning we’re losing around 150—200 species every single day.
Choosing animals which are likely to go extinct before your children have the opportunity ___43___ (see) them was a daunting task.
By only picking 10, we had to leave ___44___ countless other animals that are facing ___45___ (similarity) depressing circumstances. ___46___ millions of other species, many never known to science, are also likely to die out in the coming decades.
书面表达
Passage1
今年夏天森林火灾频发，生态破坏严重。你校英文报以保护森林为主题，举办征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.森林的重要性；
2.保护森林的倡议。
注意：1.词数不少于80；
2.短文的题目已为你写好。
Save the Forest
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Passage2
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150词左右。
One fall，my wife Elli and I had a single goal:to photograph polar bears. We were staying at a research camp outside “the polar bear capital of the world”-the town of Churchill in Manitoba，Canada.
Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous. Polar bears-like all wild animals-should be photographed from a safe distance. When I'm face to face with a polar bear，I like it to be through a camera with a telephoto lens. But sometimes，that is easier said than done. This was one of those times.
As Elli and I cooked dinner，a young male polar bear who was playing in a nearby lake sniffed，and smelled our garlic bread.
The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp，which was surrounded by a high wire fence. He pulled and bit the wire. He stood on his back legs and pushed at the wooden fence posts.
Terrified，Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew. We yelled at the bear，hit pots hard，and fired blank shotgun shells into the air. Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off. Not this polar bear though-he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws(爪子).
I radioed the camp manager for help. He told me a helicopter was on its way，but it would be 30 minutes before it arrived. Making the best of this close encounter(相遇)，I took some pictures of the bear.
Elli and I feared the fence wouldn't last through 30 more minutes of the bear's punishment. The camp manager suggested I use pepper spray. The spray burns the bears' eyes，but doesn't hurt them. So I approached our uninvited guest slowly and，through the fence，sprayed him in the face. With an angry roar(吼叫)，the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes.
注意:1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph1:
A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp.____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph2:
At that very moment, the helicopter arrived. ____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
阅读理解
1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇是说明文。文章讲解了由于人类的活动导致气温上升，从而产生热浪，以及热浪对于世界各地的不良影响。
1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“This week record-breaking temperatures of more than 40’C were forecast in Britain. ”（本周，英国的气温预计将突破40摄氏度。）和“ In mainland Europe, things were bleaker still. After weeks of drought, a heatwave sparked wildfires in France, Greece, Portugal and Spain. ”（在欧洲大陆，情况更加严峻。经过数周的干旱，热浪在法国、希腊、葡萄牙和西班牙引发了野火。）可知，本段主要讲解了热浪横扫了世界各地。A项“Extreme heat breaks out across the globe.”（全球爆发酷暑。）能概括本段大意，故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“New records will be set as long as humans continue to burn fossil fuels and destroy carbon-storing ecosystems.”（只要人类继续燃烧化石燃料并破坏碳储存生态系统，就会创造新的记录。）可知，是造成高温不断创新记录的一个主要原因是人类燃烧化石燃料，破坏了碳储存生态系统。C项“One of the critical factors in extreme heat is human activities.”（极端炎热的关键因素之一是人类活动。）是其同义表达，故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Heatwaves can cause crops to suffer, as happened this spring in India. In three northern states, yields probably fell by between 10%-35%. If several “breadbasket” arc as are affected there will be worldwide shortages, pushing up prices.”（热浪会导致农作物受损，就像今年春天在印度发生的那样。在北方三个州，收益率可能下降了10%-35%。如果几个“粮仓”受到影响，世界范围内就会出现短缺，从而推高价格。）可知，热浪会使农作物受损，从而导致粮食价格上涨。B项“High crop price.”（作物价格高。）符合原文表述，故选C项。
4．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Heatwaves often stretch energy grids(电网)to breaking point. In places where electricity is moved across borders, a stream of power from somewhere not affected can help stabilize the grid. But simultaneous(同时的)heatwaves make that complicated. ”（热浪通常会拉伸能源网格到断裂点。在电力跨境输送的地方，来自未受影响地方的电力流可以帮助稳定电网。但同时发生热浪使这变得复杂。）可以推测，这里的that指代是上一句的“ electricity is moved across borders”。D项“Moving electricity across borders.”（跨境输送电力。）符合推断，故选D项。
5．D 6．A 7．B 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了长期以来，人们都知道在大自然中生活是有好处的，听自然声音会带来一些健康益处。
5．推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“It is long known that there are benefits from being in nature. Living around trees can help you live longer. Walking in the woods is good for your mood. (长期以来，人们都知道在大自然中生活是有好处的。住在树周围可以帮助你活得更长。在树林里散步对你的心情有好处。)”“在大自然中生活是有好处的”这个观点是人们普遍接受和认可的，可知作者介绍文章的主题是通过提出广泛的观点，故选D。
6．推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“Our research team studied the acoustic (声学的) environment for quite a few years, but from the view of the negative impacts of noise pollution (我们的研究团队对声环境进行了多年的研究，但从噪声污染的负面影响来看)”可知Buxton之前的研究重点是噪音的不良影响，故选A。
7．推理判断题。文章第四段讲到“We found many sites beneficial to health in parks—sites with abundant natural sounds and little disturbance from noise (我们发现公园里有许多有益于健康的场所，它们有丰富的自然声音，很少受到噪音的干扰。)”可知第四段最能支持“自然声音的安静环境效果更好”，故选B。
8．主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了长期以来，人们都知道在大自然中生活是有好处的，听自然声音会带来一些健康益处。以及最后一段讲到“So although you might not be getting the same health benefits as a quiet environment with lots of natural sound, even in a city if you have noise in the background, listening to natural sounds still delivers some health benefits. (因此，尽管你可能得不到与拥有大量自然声音的安静环境一样的健康益处，即使在城市中，如果你有背景噪音，听自然声音也会带来一些健康益处。)”可知文章的最佳标题是“来自大自然的声音的幸福”，故选C。
9．C 10．B 11．C 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了靠着雨林木材做生意的Mark Baker意识到自己的行为对雨林造成了很大的破坏，从而一改态度，开始号召生态旅游，拯救雨林，并起到了一些积极作用。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段第三四句“ “It took me eight years to come to the realization that the construct that you can selectively harvest and manage the forest was a bunch of nonsense,” he says. “I couldn’t do it anymore.” (“我花了8年的时间才意识到，你可以选择性地收割和管理森林的构想是一派胡言。”他说。“我再也做不下去了。”)”可知，Mark Baker放弃木材出口生意的原因是他意识到选择性收割和管理森林是无稽之谈。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Many people arrive with that nature sensibility. (许多人都带着对自然的感情来到这里。)”可知，是很多人而不是所有人带着对自然的感情来到这里。所以选项B“All tourists come to visit the Amazon rainforest with nature sensibility. (所有的游客都带着对自然的敏感来参观亚马逊雨林。)”是错误的。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段第三四句“ “It took me eight years to come to the realization that the construct that you can selectively harvest and manage the forest was a bunch of nonsense,” he says. “I couldn’t do it anymore.” (“我花了8年的时间才意识到，你可以选择性地收割和管理森林的构想是一派胡言。”他说。“我再也做不下去了。” )”可知，他是下定了决心的。根据第四段最后一句“With the trips, he aims to foster appreciation and a sense of stewardship(管理)for the rainforest among global citizens. (通过这些旅行，他的目标是在全球公民中培养对雨林的欣赏和管理意识。)”可知，他是具有社会责任感的。故选C项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I wish we could say we saved the rainforest. We haven’t. But we have had an impact. (我希望我们可以说我们拯救了雨林。我们还没有。但我们已经产生了影响。)”可知，虽然他们提倡的生态旅游还没有完全拯救雨林，但是已经产生了积极的影响。故填A项。
13．C 14．D 15．B 16．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。过度使用电子设备的后果是我们的大脑会感到疲劳。David Strayer认为露营可能正是厌倦科技的大脑所需要的，Carl和Kate就是最好的例证，露营不但使人可以亲近大自然，了解大自然，还能使人放松下来，以更好的状态投入工作。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Carl, who works for a mobile phone company, says that being outdoors makes him feel relaxed. It also prepares him for the work he must do. (在一家手机公司工作的卡尔说，在户外让他感到放松。这也为他必须做的工作做好准备。)”可知，露营后卡尔感到放松。故选C项。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段中“He claims that camping may be just what a tech-tired brain needs. His argument finds strong support from Carl and Kate, two experienced campers. (他声称，露营可能正是厌倦科技的大脑所需要的。他的观点得到了卡尔和凯特两位经验丰富的露营者的大力支持。)”可知，作者之所以以卡尔和凯特为例主要是为了展示露营的好处。故选D项。
15．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“When people go camping, they need to learn about animals and natural environments; they have to deal with the weather, learn to stay dry in the rain or warm in the snow and have to keep the feet in good condition when hiking and walking. (当人们去野营时，他们需要了解动物和自然环境；他们必须应对天气，学会在雨中保持干燥或在雪中保持温暖，在徒步旅行和步行时必须保持脚的良好状态。)”可知，露营的好处是它帮助我们更多地了解自然。故选B项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“But camping requires that one spend more time in nature and it can test him in different ways. And it brings more health benefit as well. (但是露营需要一个人花更多的时间在大自然中，它可以在不同的方面考验他。它还能带来更多的健康益处。)”可知，作者对露营的态度是“积极的”。故选A项。
17．F 18．D 19．E 20．A 21．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一位水下摄影师通过拍摄水下珊瑚礁的照片，提出对于解决海洋问题，我们应充满希望。
17．根据前文“The world’ oceans, more than 70 percent of the Earth's surface, are filled with problems: Overfishing, warming and acidifying (酸化的) waters, plastic pollution, a loss of abundance and diversity. (占地球表面70% 以上的海洋，充满了各种问题：过度捕捞，变暖和酸化的海水，塑料污染，丰富性和多样性的丧失)”讲述了海洋存在的问题，所以接下来可以阐述解决这些存在问题的方法。选项F.“Finding solutions, or even reasons for optimism, can seem a demanding task. (找到解决办法，甚至找到乐观的理由，似乎是一项艰巨的任务)”与前文逻辑一致，符合题意。故选F。
18．根据前文“David Doubilet is a photographer who has already spent more than 27,000 hours underwater. (David Doubilet是个摄影师，他已经在水下呆了超过27000小时)”及后文“There is an image where Doubilet holds a photo he's made on the same reef, in the same spot, in 2009.(有一张图片是Doubilet在2009年的同一个地点，在同一个珊瑚礁上拍摄的)”可知，David Doubilet 的职业摄影师，他拍摄了一张珊瑚礁的照片。所以空白处的内容应为他拍摄的主题是什么。选项D.“He has photographed the story about the changes to coral reefs.(他拍摄了珊瑚礁变化的故事)”与前后文的逻辑一致，符合题意，故选D。
19．根据第二段最后两句“There is an image where Doubilet holds a photo he's made on the same reef, in the same spot, in 2009 — and what that reef looked like nine years later. The decline has been completely discouraging.(有一张图片是Doubilet在2009年的同一个地点，在同一个珊瑚礁上拍摄的，这张照片是九年后那个珊瑚礁的样子。这种衰退完全令人沮丧)”可知，照片中的珊瑚礁和9年前的样子比较，可以看出珊瑚礁的衰退。空白后下文“And he believes his work documenting all of this — the good and the bad — can inform and inspire. (他相信他记录所有这一切的工作——好的和坏的——能够提供信息和启发)”可知，他认为他的记录会给我们提供信息和启发，来做出对珊瑚礁有利的措施。所以空白处应为承前启后的作用。应该讲述他对珊瑚礁的恢复是有信心的。选项E.“Yet Doubilet remains hopeful that we can turn a lot of this around.(但Doubilet仍然希望我们能扭转局面)”与文意相符，故选E。
20．根据前文“But he is careful not to show only pictures that make people feel bad(但他很细心，不只展示那些让人感觉不好的照片)”可知，接下来要讲述的为他的照片中还要继续展示好的一面。选项A.“We need pictures that also show hope and resilience. (我们需要同时展现希望和韧性的照片)”与文意相符，故选A。
21．根据下文“As Doubilet puts it; "With hope, there's always the ability to change. Whether we choose to drive a hybrid car or not, whether we choose to turn down the temperature, whether we use sustainable energy. Above all, there is hope.” (正如Doubilet所说，“有了希望，就总有能力改变。我们是否选择开混合动力车，是否选择降低温度，是否使用可持续能源。最重要的是希望。”)”讲述了对于我们的未来，充满希望是重要的，因为希望决定着我们能否改变。所以空白处应该讲述我们要充满希望的理由及我们可以做的事情。选项B.“There is reason for hope and a lot that each of us can do.(我们有理由充满希望，我们每个人都可以做很多事)”与文意一致，故选B。
完形填空
22．B 23．B 24．D 25．A 26．A 27．C 28．D 29．A 30．B
31．A 32．C 33．D 34．A 35．D 36．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。雨林生态系统经过几百万年的进化变成了现在这么复杂的系统，雨林呈现出生物多样性，但同时也很脆弱，物种之间息息相关，雨林因为要满足人类的经济发展和人口增长的需要而被人类肆意破坏，雨林正在以惊人的速度消失，同时因此产生了多个恶果。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是不可能用胶片拍摄，用语言描述，或解释给从没有去过雨林深处体验过这种令人惊叹的经历的人。A. maintain保持；B. capture拍摄；C. claim声称；D. prove证实。上文“The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. (原始雨林的美丽、庄严和永恒是无法形容的。)”可知，雨林的美只能亲自去体验，电影都无法捕捉到雨林的美和神秘，故选B项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨林经过了数百万年的进化，才形成了今天这种难以置信地复杂的环境。A. changed改变；B. evolved进化；C. expanded扩大，增加；D. existed存在。根据句意，雨林变成现在的状态，是经历了几百万年的进化才形成的，evolved符合语境。故选B项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨林是一个有生命和还呼吸着的可再生自然资源的宝库，多年来，由于其丰富的动植物物种，为人类的生存和福祉贡献了丰富的资源。A. energizing使人充满活力；B. healing治疗；C. isolating隔离；D. breathing呼吸。根据句意，and前后两个词都强调活着的，现在分词作定语，修饰natural resources，breathing符合语境。故选D项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨林是一个有生命和还呼吸着的可再生自然资源的宝库，多年来，由于其丰富的动植物物种，为人类的生存和福祉贡献了丰富的资源。A. contributed有助于，贡献；B. stored储存，容纳；C. reduced减少；D. affected影响。根据句意，雨林中丰富的动植物为人类的生存做出了贡献，contributed符合语境。故选A项。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，热带雨林的内部动态是一个复杂而脆弱的系统。A. However然而；B. Furthermore而且；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。由下句“Everything is so 6 that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. (一切都是如此的相互依赖，破坏一个部分会导致未知的损坏，甚至整个森林的毁坏。) ”可知，上文写的雨林的丰富性，此处借助于however，介绍了雨林的脆弱性，与上文形成对比。故选A项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都是如此的相互依赖，破坏一个部分会导致未知的损坏，甚至整个森林的毁坏。 A. active活跃的；B. sensitive善解人意的；C. interdependent相互依赖的；D. delicate脆弱的。根据句意，“牵一发而动全身”，对雨林的任何破坏，都会危及到其他物种，甚至危及整个森林，可推知：雨林中的一切都是相互依赖的。故选C项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：可悲的是，人类只花了一个世纪的干预就摧毁了大自然设计的永存之物。A. restore恢复；B. support支持；C. revive使复兴；D. last持续。上文“Rainforests have 2 over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. (雨林经过了数百万年的进化，才形成了今天这种难以置信地复杂的环境。)”可知，短短一个世纪，人为干涉就破坏了大自然花了数百万年进化而来的生态系统，倘若没有人为干涉，生态系统本是可以持续永远的，last符合语境。故选D项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句句意：在过去的几十年里，人类对世界各地生态系统的压力大大增加。A. pressure压力；B. power能力；C. concern忧虑，关爱；D. strength实力，强度。由下文“Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. (自1980年以来，全球经济规模增长了两倍，世界人口增长了30%)”可知，随着人类发展经济的生产原材料的需要，以及人口增长导致的对生存物资的需要，人类对生态系统的索取越加增大，生态系统的压力增加了。故选A项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：地球上一切事物的消耗都在增加——以我们的生态系统为代价。A. existence存在；B. ecosystem生态系统；C. planet行星；D. survival生存。上文“The scale of human 8 on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. (在过去的几十年里，人类对世界各地生态系统的压力大大增加。自1980年以来，全球经济规模增长了两倍，世界人口增长了30%)”可知，经济发展和人口激增，都是在消耗地球生态系统，以生态系统为代价。故选B项。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们进一步报告说，到2050年，对木材的需求可能会翻一番；不幸的是，世界上的热带森林仍然是世界木材需求的主要来源。A. unfortunately不幸地，遗憾地；B. consequently因此；C. naturally自然地；D. similarly相似地。根据上下文，雨林已经不堪重荷，但是人类对木材需求还在增加，很不幸地，压力依然落在热带雨林上。故选A项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，一半以上的雨林已经化为乌有。A. store商店；B. food食物；C. smoke烟；D. wealth财富。短语go up in smoke，意为“像烟一样一下子就消失了，随烟飘散”，smoke符合句意。故选C项。
33．考查名词和动词短语辨析。句意：在不到50年的时间里，世界上一半以上的热带雨林都成为了火灾和电锯的牺牲品，而且这种破坏的速度还在加快。A. subject主题；B. (fall) down跌倒；C. fall (apart)分开；D. victim受害者，牺牲品。空格处单词与后半句中的destruction (毁灭，破坏) 呼应。短语fall victim to，意为“成为……的牺牲品”，为固定搭配，victim符合句意。故选D项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果什么都不做去控制这种趋势，整个亚马逊森林会在50年内消失。A. trend趋势；B. practice练习；C. increase增加；D. attitude态度。上句“It is estimated that the Amazon alone is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. (据估计，仅亚马逊河就以每年20000平方英里的速度消失)”可知，亚马逊河就以每年20000平方英里的速度消失，如果不控制这一趋势，整个亚马逊森林会在50年内消失。故选A项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大量的毁林会带来严重的后果——空气和水污染、水土流失、疟疾流行、二氧化碳被释放到大气中，以及动植物的灭绝带来的生物多样性的丧失。A. protection保护；B. industrialization工业化；C. modernization现代化；D. deforestation滥伐森林。根据上文“Today, more than half has already gone up in 11 . In fewer than fifty years, more than half of the world's tropical rainforests have fallen 12 to fire and the chain saw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. (如今，一半以上的雨林已经化为乌有。在不到50年的时间里，世界上一半以上的热带雨林都成为了火灾和电锯的牺牲品，而且这种破坏的速度还在加快。)”可知，雨林受到前所未有的破坏，同时带来了一系列的恶果。deforestation符合语境。故选D项。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大量的毁林会带来严重的后果——空气和水污染、水土流失、疟疾流行、二氧化碳被释放到大气中，以及动植物的灭绝带来的生物多样性的丧失。A. appearance出现；B. explosion爆炸；C. loss丧失；D. increase增加。由“extinction of plants and animals (植物和动物的灭绝)”可知，大规模的砍伐森林，会导致森林失去生物多样性。故选C项。
语法填空
37．where 38．exciting 39．being pushed 40．have existed
41．would die 42．times 43．to see 44．out 45．similar 46．But
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了新物种不断被发现，但是无数的物种目前正因为人类活动而被推向灭绝的边缘。
37．考查非限定性定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个巨大而复杂的世界里，在这里新物种不断被发现。分析句子结构，world为先行词，后接非限定性定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，设空处应用关系副词where。故填where。
38．考查形容词。句意：然而，就在这些令人兴奋的生物被发现的同时，不断增长的人口、气候变化、栖息地破坏、狩猎和对野生动物的过度开发意味着无数的动物目前正被推向灭绝的边缘。根据设空处前后词汇，应用形容词做名词creatures的前置定语，修饰物的excite的形容词为exciting。故填exciting。
39．考查动词时态、语态。句意：然而，就在这些令人兴奋的生物被发现的同时，不断增长的人口、气候变化、栖息地破坏、狩猎和对野生动物的过度开发意味着无数的动物目前正被推向灭绝的边缘。根据句子结构，mean后接宾语从句，此处为从句的谓语动词，根据状语currently，应用现在进行时态，push与逻辑主语animals之间为动宾关系，此处应用现在进行时的被动语态be being done。故填being pushed。
40．考查时态、主谓一致。句意：科学家们估计，在地球的历史进程中，存在过10亿到40亿物种。根据时间状语over the course of Earth's history，谓语动词estimated后接的宾语从句应用现在完成时态；主语为between 1 and 4 billion species，为复数，助动词用have。故填have existed。
41．考查虚拟语气。句意：自然灭绝率描述了如果没有人类，植物、哺乳动物、鸟类和昆虫的灭绝速度会有多快。根据后半句中if humans weren’t in the picture，可知设空处用虚拟语气中的主句部分，与现在事实相反，应为would do的形式，故填would die。
42．考查名词复数。句意：据估计，如今物种消失的速度几乎是自然速度的1000倍，这意味着我们每天大约失去150到200个物种。跟在数字1000后，设空处应用名词复数times。故填times。
43．考查动词不定式。句意：选择那些可能在你的孩子有机会看到它们之前就灭绝的动物是一项艰巨的任务。短语have the opportunity to do sth，动词不定式作opportunity的定语，故填to see。
44．考查固定短语。句意：我们只选择了10种动物，却没有考虑到无数其他正面临同样令人沮丧境况的动物。短语leave out，意为“不考虑，不包括”。故填out。
45．考查形容词。句意：我们只选择了10种动物，却没有考虑到无数其他正面临同样令人沮丧境况的动物。根据句子结构，修饰名词circumstances，应用形容词，similarity的形容词为similar，为前置定语。故填similar。
46．考查连词。句意：但是，数以百万计的其他物种，其中许多从未为科学所知，也可能在未来几十年灭绝。根据上文，我们只是忽略了无数其他正面临同样令人沮丧境况的动物，但是更多的人类尚未发现的物种也在消失，只是我们不知道而已。此处为转折关系，且在句首，应首字母大写。故填But。
书面表达
Passage1
As you might know, deforestation has become a growing concern worldwide. It is high time that we took this issue seriously.
Forests are of great significance as they produce over 20% the Earth’s oxygen, and house an incredible variety of wildlife. So, what can we do to make a difference To begin with, the local communities ought to develop sustainable agriculture. That way, it is more likely to achieve a balance between forest protection and economic development. In addition, it is essential for the government to outlaw excessive deforestation. As for us, we should raise our awareness of conserving forest resources. For instance, we can start from reducing our daily consumption of paper.
Forests are critical to the survival of every living thing on the earth. Let’s join hands to ensure a greener planet for the generations to come!
【导语】这是一篇开放作文。要求考生以保护森林为主题，向学校英文报投稿。
【详解】词汇积累
担忧：worry→concern
重要性：importance→significance
难以置信的：unbelievable→incredible
例如：for example→for instance
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Forests are of great significance. Forests produce over 20% the Earth’s oxygen. Forests house an incredible variety of wildlife.
拓展句：Forests are of great significance as they produce over 20% the Earth’s oxygen, and house an incredible variety of wildlife.
【点睛】[高分句型1] As you might know, deforestation has become a growing concern worldwide. (运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] It is high time that we took this issue seriously. (运用了虚拟语气)
Passage2
A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp. Roars and screams pierced the silence with needle-like shrillness. The noises turned Elli and I pale with horror. I feared that the giant would destroy our whole fence. He roared repeatedly, shattering what was left of the silence. Elli seized this opportunity to take some pictures of the bear. The animal’s noises echoed all around us. We betrayed our feelings by huddling together, shivering with fear. After thoroughly scrutinizing the area, he trotted forward a few steps.
At that very moment, the helicopter arrived. My heart leaped with joy as I knew we were likely to be saved. Elli used pepper spray again to buy us enough time. But this time the bear became more alert. He regarded us with the merciless necessity of hunger, so we throw all the food we have. He then turned away and started devouring. As we were climbing the rope ladder, Elli prayed like thousand times to show thankfulness of being safe and sound.
【解析】
本文主要讲述了人与熊对抗，之后成功脱险的故事。主人公的感情线变化为：兴奋渴望→惊恐→放松。剧情线以主人公如何与北极熊周旋并成功摆脱它展开。
由第一段的段首提示句可知：几分钟后，熊又回到营地。接下来可通过场景渲染，描写当时令人颤栗惊恐的画面，例如“Roars and screams pierced the silence with needle-like shrillness.”这不仅合理地描写了熊的反应，也描绘出让人战栗的场景。
由第二段的段首提示句可知：此时，直升机到了。如果想要进行续写两段的合理衔接，第一段的结尾可描写成“After thoroughly scrutinizing the area, the bear trotted forward a few steps.”这样可以营造出危急的场景。“我们”看到直升机的到来，感到绝处逢生的喜悦，可以以人物心理描写作为第二段的开头，重点描写喜极而泣的状态，例如“My heart leaped with joy as I knew we were likely to be saved.”
最后，结尾部分需要迅速收束，并说明成功逃脱的结局。
关于画线词：Elli作为女主人公，是续写内容中应该出现的画线词，noises, pictures, fence, spray与熊有关，也在两段续写内容中出现。最终，两人回归安全状态，因此画线词safe也可自然而然地出现在续写内容中。由此划分画线词，可迅速锁定需使用的画线词范围，辅助构思。