2022-2023学年沪教牛津版 八年级上册 U1 Encyclopaedias
单元知识点+语法精讲精练 （教师版）
单元重难点详解：
1. Look it up! 查阅一下！
look up意为“查阅；查询”，强调在词典、参考书等工具书里查询。
We can look up new words in a dictionary. 我们可以在词典中查新单词。
【拓展】 look up 仰视；向上看
He looked up from his book as I came into the room.
我进入房间时，他从书本上抬起头来看了看。
look 的相关短语： （填入合适的介词）
look around 向周围看 look out 向外看；当心
look like 看起来像 look the same 看起来相同
look forward to 盼望 look for 寻找
look at 看着 look after 照顾；照料
【即学即练】
1). If you don’t know the meaning of this word, you can___D___ in the dictionary.
A. look it for B. look up it C. look for it D. look it up
2). ____B___ ! The car is coming.
A. Look for B.Look out C. Look at D. Look after
3). My sister is ill, so I have to____D___ her at home.
A. look for B.look out C. look at D. look after
2. Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor,musician,engineer and scientist.
※ Italian n. 意大利语 /adj. 意大利的;意大利人的→ Italy n. 意大利
※ inventor n. 发明家 → invent v. 发明→ invention n. 发明;发明物
※musician n. 音乐家→music n. 音乐 →musical adj. 与音乐相关的,音乐的
※scientist n. 科学家→science n. 科学 →scientific adj. 科学的
3. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. 达芬奇出生在农村。
※ be born 意为“出生”，其后可接地点或时间状语。注意介词的使用。
【即学即练】
1. He____D___ in China in 1997.
A.born B. is born C. bears D. was born
2.Li Ming was born in England B May 8th, 1995.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
※ in the countryside： 在乡下，在农村
4.From an early age，he showed great intelligence and artistic ability.
※from an early age: 从小，在小时候=when sb. was very young
※ intelligence n. 才智，智慧 → adj.____intelligent__聪明的，智能的
AI的全称：__Artificial Intelligence______
※artistic→artist n. 艺术家,画家 art n. 艺术,美术
※ability n. 才能;能力
【变】able adj. 有能力的;有才干的
【拓展】have the ability to do sth.=be able to do sth. 有能力做某事
5. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines.
例如，他的笔记本里包含一些飞行器的有趣图画。
a．include 是及物动词，意为“包含，包括”
The club includes 20 girls.
【培优拓展】：including 和included
including 是include的现在分词，也是介词，意为“包括，包含在内”，
included 是include过去式和过去分词。作过去分词时 意为“被包括，被包含在内”
1.New Zealand has a lot of unique native animals,_____A_________fish.
A. including B. included C. includes D. to include
2.There were seven people killed in the accident,four children___C______.
A. including B. includes C.included D. include
6. Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than sixty million years before human beings.
恐龙在六百多万年前先于人类就生活在地球上了。
live 居住、生活.
live in+大地点: 住在，生活在……. 如： live in Guangzhou/ America
live at+小地点: 住在，生活在……. 如： live at Green street
more than 多于=over
eg: More than forty countries came to Guangzhou to take part in the 2010 Asian Games.
more than还有不仅仅的意思
翻译： 他不仅仅是一位艺术家.
He is more than an artist.
hundred, thousand, million, billion的用法
跟具体数词连用时不可用复数形式 eg. two hundred/ five thousand
hundreds of/ thousands of 、millions of表示一个概数，意为“数以百计、千计的、 数百万的……”
【即学即练】
① 昨天300名学生参加了这次校运动会。
Three hundred students_attended the sports meeting yesterday.__________
②数以千计的人在战争中死去。（war 战争）
_Thousands of people died in the war._____________
※ human adj. 人的 human beings 人类
a human being=a person
7. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants.
some….others….意思是_一些。。。，另一些。。。_____。
eg: Usually in the park, some people are singing , others are running.
拓展：用法辨析
词性， 词义 用法
泛指 other 形容词; 其他的 other+名词复数
泛指 others=other+名（复） 代词; 其他的人/物 （复数） Some...,others 后不加名词
特指 the other 两者中的另一个 One..., the other...
泛指 another 代词、形容词; 又一。。，另一。。。 another+ 名词单数
特指 the others 其他的人/物（复数） =the other+ 名（复）=the rest
【即学即练】用 another、other、the other、others、the others 填空
①.Do you have any _______other_________questions
②.He has two daughters. One is a nurse, _____the other__________is a worker.
③.Some of us like singing and dancing, __others______________ go in for sports.
④.There ’re 40 students in our class.Two boys are playing football, and __the others are running.
⑤.He is very clever. He may be ____another_______ Edison.
as….as….: 和……一样(as + 形容词/副词原级 + as) eg: He is as rich as her
【即学即练】
1.English is as___B____ as maths.
more important B. important C. most important D. importanter
2.She writes as B as me.
careful B. carefully C. more careful D. more carefully
8. Dinosaurs all died out suddenly.
die：意思是是“死，死亡”， v；它的名词为__death_____，形容词为__dead____ ,现在分词为___dying______。
※ 常见die的短语:
① die out: 灭绝；绝种
② die of： 因……而死。一般用于害病，疲劳，寒冷，饥渴，年老，失望，悲伤等感情原因等造成死亡；
③die from: 因……而死。常用于由于外部创伤或间接的原因致死。
④die away: （声音、光线、风等）渐渐消失
【即学即练】
1) Every day,dozens of people ___die from_____ car accidents in the world.
2) The noise of the plane ___died away_ _ in the distance．
3) Many people____die of_____ heart attack every year.
※suddenly(adv.) 突然地--sudden (adj.)突然的/ (n). 突然发生的事
短语拓展：all of a sudden 突然地
9.However, people can learn about the lives of dinosaurs from fossils of their skeletons, eggs and footprints.
however 和but 的用法区别
【辨】but conj.是并列连词,连接两个并列分句,语气强烈
however adv. 不能直接连接两个分句,however后需要用逗号隔开
learn about...(from)意思是：_(从)... 了解、得知______
We should learn about western countries history.
10. When I was young, I used to keep a notebook.
当我小的时候，我过去有一个笔记本。
“used to + 动词原形”意为“过去常常做某事”，并且暗含有“现在已不做”之意。
翻译句子： 过去我们经常写信，而现在写电子邮件。
We _used to write letters_____, but now we write e-mails.
拓展： 区分 be used to doing sth. : 习惯做某事__________________
be used to do sth. : _被用于做某事___=_be used for doing sth.____
【即学即练】
1.He __C______ get up late, but now he gets up early everyday.
A. was used to B. was used C. used to D. get used to
2.About 100 times faster than 4 G networks,5G will B a lot more in other areas.
A. be used to doing B. be used to do
C. use to do D. used to do
11. They were not very good, but they helped me think and dream.
help sb. (to) do sth. = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事/ 在某方面帮助了某人
拓展： help oneself to … 随便吃些……
12. Just remember to think and to dream. 记住要思考和梦想。
辨析： remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（此事还未做）
remember doing sth. 记得已做过某事（此事已做完）
拓展：remember that+句子
eg. Remember that tomorrow is your mother’s birthday.
13. How long did dinosaurs live on Earth before they disappeared
在恐龙消失之前，它们在地球上生活了多长时间？
辨析：how far, how soon, how often 和 how long
how far 询问的是距离多远；
how soon 询问的是多久以后，多用in + 时间段 进行回答；
how often 询问的是做某事的频率，多用sometimes, always等频率副词作答；
how long 询问的是多长时间，多用for + 时间段回答。它还可以用来提问物体的长度，意为“多长”。
【即学即练】
1）.--“___A____have they studied English ”
--“They have studied English for three years.”
A. How long B. How many C. How often D. How soon
2）. --“___C___will he leave here ”
--“He will leave here in a month”
A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How many times
3）. --“__C__does he watch TV” --“Once a week.”
How long B. How soon C. How often D. How many
14.One day, Sammy went for a walk in the mountains.
※ go for a walk :去散步 同义表达：take a walk/ have a walk____
Jane Dickinson won Magic TV Quiz.
※ win:—过去式：___won__________---过去分词：_won________________
winner n. 获胜者
【辨】win宾语为比赛或某个项目或荣誉(game,match,prize等)不能接人,反义词为lose
beat宾语为人或团体
Exercise: 选择正确的词，并用正确形式填空。
1.Are you sure Class Four will _____beat_____________(win;beat)Class Two
2.She has won (win;beat)the Nobel Prize twice.
U1 单元语法讲练
（一）some 和any 的用法
I have some questions about dinosaurs.关于恐龙方面,我有一些问题。
She does not have any questions about dinosaurs.关于恐龙方面,她没有任何问题。
Do they have any questions about dinosaurs 关于恐龙方面,他们有任何问题吗
Yes,they have some questions about dinosaurs.是的,他们有一些问题(要问)。
Would you like some tea
总结1：___some__________通常用于肯定句,_____any______ 通常用于否定句和疑问句中。
在期待对方作出肯定回答的问句中,或表示邀请、要求等交际用途的问句中用some,而不用any。
特别用法：. any用在肯定句中，表示“任何一个，任何”。如：
You can take any of them.
If you have any question, you can ask me for help.
（二）somebody, anybody, nobody
something, anything, nothing
1.由some-和any-构成的复合不定代词，其用法区别与some和any相同。即是说some-构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句或是委婉的疑问句，any-用于否定句，疑问句或是条件状语从句。如：
Something is wrong with her eyes.
There is not anybody in this room
2. somebody=someone
anybody=anyone
nobody=no one
3. no=not….any
如：There is not anybody in the room.
= There is nobody in the room.
4. somebody ,anybody, nobody 在句子中充当主语时，把它们当第三人称单数。如：
Something is wrong with my computer.
Nobody is in the room.
Is there anybody here
5.修饰复合不定代词的形容词或其它词要放在其后，即定语后置。
如: There is something important in today’s newspaper.
单元语法训练
一、单项选择
1．We have _____ apples． But we don't have _______ bananas．
A．some， some B．any， any C．some； any D．any； some
2．Is there _____ in this book？
A．something interesting B．anything interesting
C．interesting something D．interesting anything
3．﹣Is _____ here？ ﹣Yes， we are all here．
A．anybody B．everybody C．somebody D．nobody
4．﹣Does _____ know the answer to the question？
A．everybody B．anybody C．somebody D．nobody
5．Please keep quiet everybody． I have _______ to tell you．
A．important anything B．important something
C．something important D．anything important
6．There is ________ in today's homework．
A．difficult nothing B．difficult anything
C．nothing difficult D．anything difficult
7.I asked Lily for some water, but she didn’t have______.
A.some B. few C. many D. any
8. Would you like to get me _____ water I’m thirty.
A.some B. any C.few D. little
9.My uncle told me I could take ______ book I like from his bookshelf.
A.some B. any C. no D. not
10.Here ______ some of our suggestions.
A.are B. is C. be D. was
11. ----- Where is my notebook
----- I don’t know. It isn’t here. Maybe ______ took it away by mistake.
A.everyone B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody
12. ---- Who helped you clean the classroom yesterday
----- _______. I cleaned it all by myself.
somebody B. nobody C. everybody D. anybody
13. ---- The exam was very easy, wasn’t it
----- Yes, but I don’t think ______ would pass it.
A.somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody
14.A: What a big box! Can I help you
B: No, thanks. There’s _______ in it. It’s empty.
A.nothing B. everything C. anything D. Something
14.---- Have you brought with you We won’t have time to come back.
----Don’t worry. All the things we need are here, in this big bag.
A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing沪教牛津版 八年级上册 U1 Encyclopaedias
单元知识点+语法精讲精练 （学生版）
单元重难点详解：
1. Look it up! 查阅一下！
look up意为“查阅；查询”，强调在词典、参考书等工具书里查询。
We can look up new words in a dictionary. 我们可以在词典中查新单词。
【拓展】 look up 仰视；向上看
He looked up from his book as I came into the room.
我进入房间时，他从书本上抬起头来看了看。
look 的相关短语： （填入合适的介词）
look 向周围看 look 向外看；当心
look 看起来像 look the same 看起来相同
look forward 盼望 look 寻找
look 看着 look 照顾；照料
【即学即练】
1). If you don’t know the meaning of this word, you can______ in the dictionary.
A. look it for B. look up it C. look for it D. look it up
2). _______ ! The car is coming.
A. Look for B.Look out C. Look at D. Look after
3). My sister is ill, so I have to_______ her at home.
A. look for B.look out C. look at D. look after
2. Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor,musician,engineer and scientist.
※ Italian n. 意大利语 adj. 意大利的;意大利人的→ ____________ n. 意大利
※ inventor n. 发明家 → invent v. 发明→ _________ n. 发明;发明物
※musician n. 音乐家→music n. 音乐 →_________ adj. 与音乐相关的,音乐的
※scientist n. 科学家→science n. 科学 →_________ adj. 科学的
3. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. 达芬奇出生在农村。
※ be born 意为“出生”，其后可接地点或时间状语。注意介词的使用。
【即学即练】
1. He_______ in China in 1997.
A.born B. is born C. bears D. was born
2.Li Ming was born in England May 8th, 1995.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
※ in the countryside： 在乡下，在农村
4.From an early age，he showed great intelligence and artistic ability.
※from an early age: 从小，在小时候=when sb. was very young
※ intelligence n._____________ → adj.__________________聪明的，智能的
AI的全称：___________________________________
※artistic→artist n. 艺术家,画家 art n. 艺术,美术
※ability n. 才能;能力
【变】able adj. 有能力的;有才干的
【衍】have the ability to do sth.=be able to do sth. 有能力做某事
5. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines.
例如，他的笔记本里包含一些飞行器的有趣图画。
a．include 是及物动词，意为“包含，包括”
The club includes 20 girls.
【培优拓展】：including 和included
including 是include的现在分词，也是介词，意为“包括，包含在内”，
included 是include过去式和过去分词。作过去分词时， 意为“被包括，被包含在内”
【即学即练】
1.New Zealand has a lot of unique native animals,______________fish.
A. including B. included C. includes D. to include
2.There were seven people killed in the accident,four children_________.
A. including B. includes C.included D. include
6. Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than sixty million years before human beings.
恐龙在六百多万年前先于人类就生活在地球上了。
live 居住、生活.
live in+大地点: 住在，生活在……. 如： live in Guangzhou/ America
live at+小地点: 住在，生活在……. 如： live at Green street
more than 多于=over
eg: More than forty countries came to Guangzhou to take part in the 2010 Asian Games.
more than还有不仅仅的意思
翻译： 他不仅仅是一位艺术家.
hundred, thousand, million, billion的用法
跟具体数词连用时不可用复数形式 eg. two hundred/ five thousand
hundreds of/ thousands of 、millions of表示一个概数，意为“数以百计、千计的、 数百万的……”
【即学即练】
① 昨天300名学生参加了这次校运动会。
___________________________________________________________________
②数以千计的人在战争中死去。（war 战争）
___________________________________________________________________
※ human adj. 人的 human beings 人类
a human being=a person
7. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants.
some….others….意思是___________________。
eg: Usually in the park, some people are singing , others are running.
拓展：用法辨析
词性， 词义 用法
泛指 other 形容词; 其他的 other+名词复数
泛指 others=other+名（复） 代词; 其他的人/物 （复数） Some...,others 后不加名词
特指 the other 两者中的另一个 One..., the other...
泛指 another 代词、形容词; 又一。。，另一。。。 another+ 名词单数
特指 the others 其他的人/物（复数） =the other+ 名（复）=the rest
【即学即练】用 another、other、the other、others、the others 填空
①.Do you have any ________________questions
②.He has two daughters. One is a nurse, _______________is a worker.
③.Some of us like singing and dancing, ________________ go in for sports.
④.There ’re 40 students in our class.Two boys are playing football, and ________are running.
⑤.He is very clever. He may be _________________ Edison.
as….as….: 和……一样(as + 形容词/副词原级 + as) eg: He is as rich as her
【即学即练】
1.English is as_______ as maths.
more important B. important C. most important D. importanter
2.She writes as as me.
careful B. carefully C. more careful D. more carefully
8. Dinosaurs all died out suddenly.
die：意思是是“死，死亡”， v；它的名词为_______，形容词为______ ,现在分词为_________。
※ 常见die的短语:
① die out: 灭绝；绝种
② die of： 因……而死。一般用于害病，疲劳，寒冷，饥渴，年老，失望，悲伤等感情原因等造成死亡；
③die from: 因……而死。常用于由于外部创伤或间接的原因致死。
④die away: （声音、光线、风等）渐渐消失
【即学即练】
1) Every day, dozens of people _________ _car accidents in the world.
2) The noise of the plane ____ _ in the distance．
3) Many people_________ heart attack every year.
※suddenly(adv.) 突然地--sudden (adj.)突然的/ (n). 突然发生的事
短语拓展：all of a sudden 突然地
9.However, people can learn about the lives of dinosaurs from fossils of their skeletons, eggs and footprints.
however 和but 的用法区别
【辨】but conj.是并列连词,连接两个并列分句,语气强烈
however adv. 不能直接连接两个分句,however后需要用逗号隔开
learn about...(from)意思是：____________________
We should learn about western countries history.
10. When I was young, I used to keep a notebook.
当我小的时候，我过去有一个笔记本。
“used to + 动词原形”意为“过去常常做某事”，并且暗含有“现在已不做”之意。
翻译句子： 过去我们经常写信，而现在写电子邮件。
We ___________________, but now we write e-mails.
拓展： 区分 be used to doing sth.: __________________
be used to do sth. : __________________=_____________________
【即学即练】
1.He ________ get up late, but now he gets up early everyday.
A. was used to B. was used C. used to D. get used to
2.About 100 times faster than 4 G networks,5G will a lot more in other areas.
A. be used to doing B. be used to do
C. use to do D. used to do
11. They were not very good, but they helped me think and dream.
help sb. (to) do sth. = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事/ 在某方面帮助了某人
拓展： help oneself to … 随便吃些……
12. Just remember to think and to dream. 记住要思考和梦想。
辨析： remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（此事还未做）
remember doing sth. 记得已做过某事（此事已做完）
拓展：remember that+句子
eg. Remember that tomorrow is your mother’s birthday.
13. How long did dinosaurs live on Earth before they disappeared
在恐龙消失之前，它们在地球上生活了多长时间？
辨析：how far, how soon, how often 和 how long
how far 询问的是距离多远；
how soon 询问的是多久以后，多用in + 时间段 进行回答；
how often 询问的是做某事的频率，多用sometimes, always等频率副词作答；
how long 询问的是多长时间，多用for + 时间段回答。它还可以用来提问物体的长度，意为“多长”。
【即学即练】
1）.--“_______have they studied English ”
--“They have studied English for three years.”
A. How long B. How many C. How often D. How soon
2）. --“______will he leave here ”
--“He will leave here in a month”
A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How many times
3）. --“____does he watch TV” --“Once a week.”
How long B. How soon C. How often D. How many
14.One day, Sammy went for a walk in the mountains.
※ go for a walk :去散步 同义表达：_____________________________
Jane Dickinson won Magic TV Quiz.
※ win:—过去式：_____________---过去分词：_________________
winner n. 获胜者
【辨】win宾语为比赛或某个项目或荣誉(game,match,prize等)不能接人,反义词为lose
beat宾语为人或团体
Exercise: 选择正确的词，并用正确形式填空。
1.Are you sure Class Four will __________________(win;beat)Class Two
2.She _(win;beat)the Nobel Prize twice.
U1 单元语法讲练
（一）some 和any 的用法
I have some questions about dinosaurs.关于恐龙方面,我有一些问题。
She does not have any questions about dinosaurs.关于恐龙方面,她没有任何问题。
Do they have any questions about dinosaurs 关于恐龙方面,他们有任何问题吗
Yes,they have some questions about dinosaurs.是的,他们有一些问题(要问)。
Would you like some tea
总结1：_____________通常用于肯定句,___________ 通常用于否定句和疑问句中。
在期待对方作出肯定回答的问句中,或表示邀请、要求等交际用途的问句中用some,而不用any。
特别用法：. any用在肯定句中，表示“任何一个，任何”。如：
You can take any of them.
If you have any question, you can ask me for help.
（二）somebody, anybody, nobody
something, anything, nothing
1.由some-和any-构成的复合不定代词，其用法区别与some和any相同。即是说some-构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句或是委婉的疑问句，any-用于否定句，疑问句或是条件状语从句。如：
Something is wrong with her eyes.
There is not anybody in this room
2. somebody=someone
anybody=anyone
nobody=no one
3. no=not….any
如：There is not anybody in the room.
= There is nobody in the room.
4. somebody ,anybody, nobody 在句子中充当主语时，把它们当第三人称单数。如：
Something is wrong with my computer.
Nobody is in the room.
Is there anybody here
5.修饰复合不定代词的形容词或其它词要放在其后，即定语后置。
如: There is something important in today’s newspaper.
单元语法训练
一、单项选择
1．We have _____ apples． But we don't have _______ bananas．（ ）
A．some， some B．any， any C．some； any D．any； some
2．Is there _____ in this book？（ ）
A．something interesting B．anything interesting
C．interesting something D．interesting anything
3．﹣Is _____ here？ ﹣Yes， we are all here．（ ）
A．anybody B．everybody C．somebody D．nobody
4．﹣Does _____ know the answer to the question？（ ）
A．everybody B．anybody C．somebody D．nobody
5．Please keep quiet everybody． I have _______ to tell you．（ ）
A．important anything B．important something
C．something important D．anything important
6．There is ________ in today's homework．（ ）
A．difficult nothing B．difficult anything
C．nothing difficult D．anything difficult
7.I asked Lily for some water, but she didn’t have______.
some B. few C. many D. any
8. Would you like to get me _____ water I’m thirty.
some B. any C.few D. little
9.My uncle told me I could take ______ book I like from his bookshelf.
some B. any C. no D. not
10.Here ______ some of our suggestions.
are B. is C. be D. was
11. ----- Where is my notebook
----- I don’t know. It isn’t here. Maybe ______ took it away by mistake.
A.everyone B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody
12. ---- Who helped you clean the classroom yesterday
----- _______. I cleaned it all by myself.
somebody B. nobody C. everybody D. anybody
13. ---- The exam was very easy, wasn’t it
----- Yes, but I don’t think ______ would pass it.
A.somebody B. body C. everybody D. nobody
14.A: What a big box! Can I help you
B: No, thanks. There’s _______ in it. It’s empty.
A.nothing B. everything C. anything D. Something
14.---- Have you brought with you We won’t have time to come back.
----Don’t worry. All the things we need are here, in this big bag.
A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
