(共44张PPT)
Unit 5
Unit 5 Into the wild
To read the passage and understand the attributive clauses led by where, when and why;
To learn what where, when and why refer to in the sentence;
To know the differences between which/that and where, when, why;
To describe animals by using attributive clauses led by where, when and why;
Attributive clauses
(2)
Analyze sentences from the passage and find out what the words where, when and why refer to;
Find out the advantage of using attributive clauses.
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the question.
a. Eventually, it manages to reach
the places where it will spend the winter.
b. The solution… comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.
c. Sadly, human activity is the main reason why
the number of monarch butterflies is falling.
What do “where”, “when”. “why” refer to in each sentences
What’s the difference between the two groups of sentences
a. Eventually, it manages to reach
the places where it will spend the winter.
d. Eventually, it manages to reach those places. It will spend the winter there.
one sentence
two sentences
defining the noun “places”
use an adverb
b. The solution… comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.
e. It’s in serious trouble. The solution…
comes at this time.
one sentence
two sentences
defining the noun “time”
use a phrase to show the time
c. Sadly, human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling.
f. Sadly, human activity is the main reason.
For this reason, the number of monarch butterflies is falling.
one sentence
two sentences
use a phrase
defining the noun “reason”
Why does the author choose to use sentences (a), (b), and (c) in the reading passage
thinking
Because there is a closer link and connection between the item and the clause defining it in the sentences (a), (b) and (c). It will also make the passage clearer, and create an emphatic effect on the location, time and reason being defined.
More practice for what the words where, when and why refer to;
Compare attributive clauses led by which/that with the ones led by where, when or why;
1. Look for more sentences with attributive clauses in the reading passage.
1) These two pieces of information – the time
of day and the point where the sun is in
the sky…
先行词
Where在从句中作地点状语
2) In many of the places where the butterfly can be found, people are destroying …
3) They cut down trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars eat.
4) If this works, there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies may increases once again.
2. Read the passage and underline the words that where, when, and why refer to.
where
在定语从句中用作地点状语，其先行词须是表地点的名词。
如: This is the school where I studied a few
years ago.
关系副词在定语从句中的用法
why
在定语从句中用作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason(s)。
如: Do you know the reason why he is not
here
when
在定语从句中用作时间状语，其先行词须是表时间的名词。
如: Can you tell me the time when the film
will start
【拓展】
1) 当 situation, case, point (地点), occasion(场合) 等充当先行词，且在定语从句中作地点状语时，定语从句引导词用where；如：
You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
你可能遇上一种情况，使你不得不立刻作出决定。
Three hours later, our bus reached the point where the road divides.
三小时后我们的车到达路的分岔处。
2) 当point (时刻)，occasion(时刻)在定语从句中作时间状语时，定语从句引导词用when。如：
We had reached the point when there was no money left.
我们曾落到身无分文的地步。
Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
我能跟孩子们待一整天的时候很少。
a. Eventually, it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter.
Eventually, it manages to reach the places
which is warm in winter.
adverbial
subject
Compare the following sentences and find out the different use of which/that and when.
b. The solution… comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.
The solution… comes at a time
which is recorded in the book.
adverbial
subject
c. Sadly, human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling.
Sadly, human activity is the main reason which the scientist has found in his
research.
adverbial
object
When we use which/that to lead an attributive clause, which/that is used as subject or object in the clause.
If we use where, when or why to lead an attributive clause, where, when or why is used as an adverbial in the clause.
Conclusion
Complete sentences with the proper words which/that, where, when or why;
Use attributive clauses to describe an animal.
We have known the use of which/that, where, when and why. When we choose the proper word, we should first analyze the attributive clause’s sentence structure.
From: David Waters To: Kay Silverman
Subject: Back to nature
Hi Kay,
We’re having an amazing time here in South Africa. Our accommodation is perfect. It is in a location _______ we can watch animals wandering past on their way to the waterhole.
where
Complete the email with where, when or why.
Sunset is the time of day _______ we sit on the balcony and count how many giraffes or antelopes we can see.
I guess this is the reason _______ this place is so popular. Next week, we are going to fly up to Zambia. That’s one of the countries _______ you can visit the famous Victoria Falls.
See you soon.
David
when
why
where
Animal idioms
Understand and use the animal idioms.
1. as busy as a(n) _______
2. kill two _______ with one stone
3. When the cat’s away, the _______ will play.
bee
birds
mice
Look at the pictures and complete the idioms with animal names.
4. hold your _______
5. It’s raining _______ and ________.
horses
cats
dogs
English idioms are a way of adding colour to the language. For example, instead of saying “It’s raining heavily”, you could say “_______________________”. Another reason to use idioms is that they are concise. For example, to describe someone who is always working or busy doing something, we can say they are __________________.
It’s raining cats and dogs
as busy as a bee
Complete the paragraph with the animal idioms above.
If they’re rushing into something and should wait and be patient, you could say “_________________”. Learning idioms can be fun, especially when we compare them to Chinese equivalents. Take, for example, “__________________________________ ” (people do what they want and have fun when someone in authority is absent) and “_________________________” (solve two problems with one action) – are there corresponding idioms in Chinese
hold your horses
When the cat’s away, the mice will play
kill two birds with one stone
Find more animal idioms.
Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌。
like a cat on hot bricks 像热锅上的蚂蚁
He is a lucky dog. 他是个幸运儿。
dark horse 黑马
Never offer to teach fish to swim.
不要班门弄斧。
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
Fine feathers make fine birds.
人要衣装，马要鞍。
Cats hide their claws.
知人知面不知心。
Don't count your chickens before they're hatched.
鸡蛋未孵出，先别数小鸡。
A crow is never the whiter for washing herself often.
江山易改，本性难移。
Every dog has his day. 人人皆有得意时。
Let sleeping dogs lie. 勿惹是生非。
The frog in the well knows nothing of the great ocean.
井底之蛙，不知大海。
The fox preys farthest from his hole.
兔子不吃窝边草。
Create situations to use the animal idioms;
Use attributive clauses to help you express your ideas.
Choose an idiom and describe a situation with it.
A: She’s as busy as a bee.
B: What makes you say that
…
You can tell a story and have some animal idioms in it;
Pay attention to the tense you will use in your story;
You can use attributive clauses to modify somebody or something in your story. That will make your story more attractive.
Lily is as busy as a bee. She is a person who never has free time. When she comes to the place where she works, she will not stop until she can finish the work. There is no time when she will keep still and has nothing to do.
Write a passage about the experience between you and the animals, and use some attributive clauses in your passage.(共31张PPT)
The Attributive Clause
What is the attribute
(什么是定语）
a red apple a beautiful girl
形容词作定语
my friend
his pen
代词作定语
a girl in red
a man with glasses
介词短语作定语
apple tree
shoe shop
名词作定语
什么是定语？
定语就是用来修饰名词或者代词的成分
What is the attributive clause (什么是定语从句）
1.什么是定语从句？
修饰某一名词或代词的句子。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词；
Zhong Nanshan is a doctor who/that is known to many Chinese people.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
先行词：被修饰的成分,即名词或代词。
引导词有关系代词：who whom whose that which
关系副词：when where why
2.定语从句的结构
先行词＋关系词＋从句
（1）关系词紧跟先行词；
（2）关系词包括关系代词和关系副词；
I know the boy who is sitting on the desk.
主句
定语从句
先行词
引导词
3.关系词三功能
4.关系代词有：that,who,which,whom,whose
She is the girl who/that called me five times yesterday.
The man whom/who/that I talked to was a singer.
I like the dog which/that likes to play hide and seek with me.
It is a house whose window is broken.
I know the boy whose parents are teachers.
关系 代词 指代的 先行词 在从句中 所做成分 是否可省略
that
which
who
whom
whose
人，物
主语,宾语
作宾语可省略
物
主语,宾语
作宾语可省略
人
主语,宾语
作宾语可省略
人
宾语
可省略
(人/物)的
定语
不可省略
巧记关系代词：
是人就用who，宾语可用whom,
定语用whose, 非人用which,
that都可以。
注： whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词
与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose
多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which
互换使用, 即the+名词＋of which\whom或of which\ whom ＋ the+名词。
This is the book whose cover is blue.
This is the book of which the cover is blue.
＝of which the book
1.Do you know the girl whose hair is
very short in our class
2.He is the student whose pencil I
broke yesterday.
3.The teacher, whose son I work with,
is liked by all the students.
4.The chair, the legs of which are broken, is
being repaired now.
5.只能用that不能用which的情况
有人又有物；
不定序数最高级；
the only,very,last,same
主句which/who;
当先行词：
1. —Do you know the man is cooking in the kitchen
—Sure.He is my uncle.
A.whose B.which C.who D.whom
2. —What are you doing
—We are talking about the singers we like.
A.what B.which C. whose D.whom
3. This is the book he likes very much.
A.who B./ C.where D.whose
C
D
小试身手
B
4. —A plane is a machine can fly.
A.whose B.that C.who D.whom
5. —What are you doing
—I'm looking for a book cover is red.
A.what B.which C.whose D.whom
6. They talked about the things and people were
unforgetable.
A.who B.which C.that D.whose
B
小试身手
C
C
7.China is the third nation sent the person into space.
A.which B.that C.who D.whose
8.This is the best book was written by him.
A.which B.that C.who D.whose
9.Who is the person first stepped on the moon
A .that B.who C.whose D.when
B
B
小试身手
A
1. This is all ____ I know about the matter.
A. that B. what C. who D. which
2. Is there anything else _____ you require
A. which B. that C. who D. what
3. The last place _____ we visited was the Great Wall.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
4. He talked happily about the men and books
_____ interested him greatly in the school.
A. which B. that C. it D. whom
A
B
B
B
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用which而不用that。
(1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）
Those are many trees under which they can have a rest.
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中
Football , which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
(3)先行词本身是that，或句子中已经有了that
What I want to do is that which will help us all.
1. I have a friend __________ likes listening to Classical music.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress ________ I gave her.
3. The man ________ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
4. Kevin is reading a book _________is too difficult for him.
5. The family _____ I’m staying with lives in town.
6. I know the student _________ article was published.
7. Betty, ________ has never been abroad , is studying English very well.
8. My parents live in a house ___________ is more than 100 years old.
9. The boy with ______ John spoke is my brother.
who\that
which\that
whose
which\that
that\which
whose
Who
which\that
whom
定语从句中的关系副词：
when, where, why
when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于
“介词+ 关系代词（which）”。
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the league.
on which
where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于
“介词+ 关系代词（which）”。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
in which
why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当
于“介词for+ 关系代词（which）”。
Do you know the reason why she was late.
It rained heavily, for which he was late for
the class.
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：
My sister, who is twenty, works in
a bank.
The man who came here yesterday has
come again.
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，
如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从
句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先
行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。
这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。
* which, who, as 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
Which和who引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后,并用逗号隔开。which指物，who指人。
而as引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。译为“正如…..那样”，已形成固定结构。 如：as we know, as you see,as is known, as is said, as is reported.
eg. ①Einstein, as is known to all, is a famous scientist.
②As is reported, China has become an important country in the world.
③Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.
④Betty is studying English very well, ______ has never been abroad.
He is the man__ house the pictures are taken.
A. whose B.which C.from whose D.that
2.He lives in the flat,__he can see__ is happen-
ing in the street. A.there/what
B.where/something C.from whose window/all that
3.That was the most interesting film__I have seen.
A. whose B.that C. which D.what
4.Ahead of me I saw a woman__I thought was
my aunt.
A. who B. whom C. from whom D. of whom
5.Watch the girl and her dog__are crossing
the street.
A. who B. which C. that D. they
6. He is the very one of the students____ good at
English.
A. who does B.that is C.whom do D.which are
7.The second book___I want to read is Traveis in
China by Rewi Alley.
A. which B. that C. what D.as
8.He is the same teacher___spoke at the meeting
on the opening ceremony.
A. as B. whom C. that D. who
9.The days___I spent in the countryside in my
childhood was the happiest time___I had ever
had in my life. D. that/that
A. when/when B. when/that C. that /which
She is a Chinese woman doctor.
She received the Nobel Prize.
注：一合并，二去重，三添词
She is a Chinese woman doctor who/that received the Nobel Prize.
Harry Porter
This is a famous book.
J.K Rowling wrote the book.
This is a famous book that/which J.K Rowling wrote.
注：一合并，二去重，三添词
The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is an expert.
The man is an expert.
The man is speaking at the meeting.
These are masks which are made in China.
These are masks.
Masks are made in China.
The woman whom they want to visit is a doctor.
The woman is a doctor.
They want to visit the woman.
