中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题五 形容词与副词（解析版）
【解密高考】形容词和副词是每年高考必考点之一，近几年语境综合化程度越来越高，难度加大，侧重考查考生在具体语境中灵活运用形容词、副词的能力。高频考点有：形容词、副词词义辨析；原级、比较级、最高级的使用；倍数的表达方法；比较等级的修饰语；多个形容词的排列顺序；常见形容词、副词的惯用法等。
【命题方向】2023年高考对与形容词和副词有关的构词法的考查仍会成为语法填空的重点之一；形容词和副词的比较等级；形容词和副词之间的转换；名词转换为形容词等。
核心考点一形容词词义辨析
1.形容词
形容词是说明人或事物的属性、状态或特征的词，在句子中主要作名词的装饰语。形容词通常置于其修饰的名词之前，并且多数形容词具有比较等级。
分类:
一、描述形容词
表示名词的性质、颜色、大小和状态等的形容词。如:
Have you read her new novel 你看过她新出的小说了吗？
His hair was as white as snow . 他头发雪白。
She wrote the letter with blue ink.她用蓝墨水写了那封信。
Her hands were blue with cold. 她的双手冻得发青。
二、物质形容词
由物质名词充当或物质名词转换而成的形容词。如:
This glass dish is very fragile. 这玻璃碟子十分易碎。
They sat and had their lunch on a grassy hillside. 他们坐在长满草的山坡上吃他们的午饭。
三、数量形容词
1)不定数量形容词:不定代词之后接名词时即成为不定数量形容词。如:
Are there any cookies left
有剩下的曲奇饼吗？
He offered some useful advice.
他提出了一些有益的建议。
2)数词。如:
They have three small children.
他们有三个年幼的孩子。
He put on his second best suit.
他穿上了他第二好的西服。
3)倍数词。如:
Children travel (at) half fare. 儿童交通费减半。
He was drinking his double whisky too fast and scowling. 他大口喝着双份威士忌，双眉紧皱。
四、专有形容词
由专有名词转换而成的形容词如地名、国名等。如:
Many Japanese and Chinese teas are green teas. 日本和中国的许多茶都是绿茶。
In Chinese folklore the bat is a symbol of good fortune. 在中国民间传说中，蝙蝠是好运的象征。
五、物主形容词
包括人称代词的所有格(形容词性物主代词)和名词的所有格。如:
Their friends suggested they should put up their prices.
他们的朋友们建议他们提高价格。
She was very supportive during my father's illness.
在我父亲生病期间，她给了很多帮助。
六、指示形容词
指示代词this，that，these，those之后接名词或one/ones，成为指示形容词。如:
This knife needs sharpening.
这把刀需要磨了。
That phone's always ringing.
那个电话总是响个不停。
I planted those apple trees.
我种了那些苹果树。
七、疑问形容词
疑问代词which，whose，what之后接名词或代词，成为疑问形容词。如:
Whose side are you on anyway 你到底赞成谁的观点呢？
Which direction are you facing 你面朝哪个方向？
What sign are you 你属什么星座？
八、关系形容词
关系代词which，whose，what之后接名词，成为关系形容词。如:
He's a man whose opinion I respect. 他是我尊重其意见的人。
Your claim ought to succeed, in which case the damages will be substantial. 你的索赔应当能成功，假如这样的话，损害赔偿金将会相当可观。
九、动词形容词
由动词转化成的形容词，即动名词、现在分词、过去分词。如:
She managed to escape from the burning car. 她设法从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。
There is hot and cold running water in all the bedrooms. 所有的卧室里都有冷热自来水。
Cucumber is good for soothing tired eyes. 黄瓜对缓解眼睛疲劳很有效。
【考例1】1．（2022·天津市新华中学高三阶段练习）Life is like sport, by which I mean, it’s a highly ______ business. If you want to win, you must struggle.
A．competitive B．dynamic C．complicated D．fascinating
【答案】A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生活就像运动，我的意思是，这是一个高度竞争的行业。如果你想赢，你必须奋斗。A. competitive有竞争力的；B. dynamic充满活力的；C. complicated复杂的；D. fascinating迷人的。由语意可知，你只有奋斗，才有可能赢，因此，生活就像体育运动一样具有竞争力。故选A项。
【考例2】（2022·天津·南开中学高三阶段练习）The study suggested that the ________ use of chemicals in agriculture had caused water pollution in this area.
A．complex B．commercial C．widespread D．ultimate
【答案】C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，农业中化学品的广泛使用已经造成了该地区的水污染。A. complex复杂的；B. commercial商业的；C. widespread广泛的；D. ultimate最终的。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语。此处表示“广泛的”，故用widespread。故选C。
核心考点二 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
一、原级比较
1. ＂as＋形容词＋(a/an)＋名词＋as＂表示原级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词的顺序。
As a matter of fact, getting rid of a bad habit is as much an effort as forming a good one.
事实上，摆脱坏习惯就像养成好习惯一样需要努力。
I was making as much money as I was as an accountant.
我的收入和我做会计的工资一样多。
2. ＂as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂与＂not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂表示同级比较，即两个或两
部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。
It's not so easy as you'd think.
不像你想的那么容易。
I'm not so stupid as to believe that.
我还不至于傻得连那样的话都相信。
【考例3】（2022·上海高三上学期月考）In Britain 18-to-24-year-olds are spending _________ time on Facebook and Instagram, its sister app, as they were four years ago.
A．much more B．as half much C．more much D．half as much
【答案】D
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在英国，18到24岁的年轻人花在Facebook和Instagram（其姊妹应用）上的时间是四年前的一半。根据空后的as可知，此处考查as much...as结构，排除A、C项，much后接被修饰的不可数名词time，half作为倍数，应置于第一个as之前，故选D项。
【考例4】（2021·上海·复旦高三）A student of music needs________ to become a performer as a medical student needs________ a doctor.
A．as long and tough a training；to become B．as long and tough a training；becoming
C．as a long and tough training；to become D．as a long and tough training；becoming
【答案】A
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：一名音乐专业的学生要想成为一名演奏者，就像一名医科学生要成为一名医生一样，需要经过长期艰苦的训练。根据后面的as可知，第一空格处是as……as句型，句型为：as+形容词+名词+as，再分析句意，名词training前用不定冠词a泛指“一种”音乐专业的训练，符合语境；第二个空格处用动词不定式来表目的与上文的to become并列。故选A项。
【考例5】（2022·甘肃·高三月考）We cannot expect her to do the homework ______ look after the children.
A．as good as B．as well as C．as far as D．as long as
【答案】B
【详解】考查固定短语语义辨析。句意：我们不能指望她既做作业又照顾孩子。A. as good as和……一样好，不亚于；B. as well as既……又……；C. as far as远至，就……而言；D. as long as只要。根据句意可知，不能指望她既干这个又干那个。故选B项。
二、比较级
1. 比较级的修饰语有: rather, much，still, any(否定句、疑问句中), even, far, a lot，a bit, a little, a great deal等。
The leaves taste rather bitter. 这些叶子尝起来相当苦。
Could you go a little slower 你能走慢点吗？
I can't run any faster. 我不能跑得更快了。
If you don't tell them, nobody will be any the wiser . 如果你不告诉他们，谁也不会察觉。
There are far more opportunities for young people than there used to be. 现在年轻人的机会比过去多得多。
2. 比较级的常见结构：
（1）“比较级+than”结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方。
I'm older than her. 我比她年龄大。
He loves me more than you do. 他比你更爱我。
（2）由more, fewer, less+名词构成的比较级
①more “比……多”，后接复数名词或不可数名词
She earns a lot more than I do. 她赚的钱比我多多了。
Only two more days to go! 仅仅剩下两天了！
people with more money than sense 金钱多于智慧的人
②less “比……少”，后接不可数名词
He was advised to smoke fewer cigarettes and drink less beer. 有人劝他少抽烟、少喝啤酒。
③fewer“比……少”，后接复数名词
There seem to be fewer tourists around this year.
今年来访的旅游者似乎少了。
3. 比较级的特殊结构
（1）The more…,the more…表示“越……,就越……”(more代表比较级)
The more she thought about it, the more depressed she became.
这件事她越想越感到沮丧。
The more powerful the car the more difficult it is to handle.
汽车的功效越大，操纵起来越难。
（2）“比较级+比较级”和“more and more+多音节词原级”表示“越来越……”
She spends more and more time alone in her room.
她一个人待在屋里的时间越来越多。
As time goes by, we are growing wiser and wiser.
随着时间的推移，我们变得越越聪明了。
（3）＂the＋比较级＋of the two ＋名词＂表示＂两者中较……的那个＂。
Greg is the taller of the two. 格里格是这两个中较高的。
This box is the heavier of the two. 这个箱子是两个箱子中较重的一个。
（4）“no +比较级+than”结构表示“和……一样不……”
“not +比较级+than”结构意为“不及”，表示前者不如后者
Never have I looked down upon others, because I myself is no better than them.
我从来没有看不起过任何人，因为我本身并不会比别人好多少。
His work is as good, if not better than, as yours.
他的工作即使不比你的更好，也与你的一样。
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of colors.
一些人可能认为花园只是植物，花朵，形状和大量的颜色。
【考例6】（2021·全国I卷）After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___5___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】better
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级better。故填better。
【考例7】（2021·全国II卷）The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____4____ (hot) the spring!
【答案】hotter
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和！此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
【考例8】（2021·浙江1月真题卷）This may be due to some disadvantages for people ____38____ (live) in the countryside, including ____39____ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】lower
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。
三、最高级
1. 最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。
Which is the first most useful invention 哪一个是第一个最有用途的发明？
The first most important thing is to disconnect from the problem. 首先，最重要的是暂时抛开这个问题。
The last of these reasons is by far the most important. 这些理由中最后一条比其他的重要得多。
2. 最高级意义的表达法
①the +最高级+比较范围
The farthest place Ted had travelled to was Chicago. 泰德去过的最远的地方是芝加哥。
②never…a(n)+比较级+可数名词单数
Better late than never. but never later is better. 迟到总比不到好，但从不迟到更好。
③ 比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词
比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋anyone else
比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词
eg: 露丝娅是她学校最高的女生。
Lucy is taller than any other girl in her school.
=Lucy is taller than all the other girls in her school.
=Lucy is taller than any of the other girls in her school.
=Lucy is taller than the rest of girls in her school.
=Lucy is the tallest girl in her class.
④否定词＋比较级＝最高级。
The price has never been more cheaper. 价格从未如此便宜过。
Nothing is more important than this. 没有什么比这件事更重要了。
=Nothing is so important as this.= This is the most important thing. 这件事最重要。
I couldn’t agree with you any more. 我非常同意。
It couldn’t be worse. 不能再糟糕了。
【考例9】（2022.全国乙卷）As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___53___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
【答案】largest
【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
【考例10】（2022.全国甲卷）In the last five years. Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___67___ (high) mountain.
【答案】highest
【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处是指三者或三者以上的比较，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
【考例11】（2022·广东·盐田高中高三月考）Any potential triggering (触发) of atomic weapons would be ______ a disaster of immense scale.
A．nothing less than B．nothing better than
C．nothing more than D．nothing worst than
【答案】A
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：任何可能的核武器触发都完全是一场规模巨大的灾难。 A.nothing less than完全是；不亚于；B.nothing better than没有比……更好；C. nothing more than不过是；无非是；D.nothing worst than没有比……更糟糕。根据句意和常识可知，核武器的触发完全是一场巨大的灾难。故选B。
四、倍数表达法
表示倍数的句型：
(1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
(2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
(3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height 等)＋of＋B
(4)A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
(5)A is＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句
The new planet is about ten times the size of the earth. 新发现的行星大约是地球的10倍那么大。
The new planet is about ten times lager than the earth.
The new planet is about ten times as large as the earth.
The output of this year is 4 times that of 2021.＝The output of this year is 4 times what it was in 2021.
今年的产量是2021年的四倍。
New drivers have twice as many accidents as experienced drivers.
新驾驶员所出的事故是老驾驶员的两倍。
【考例12】（2022·广东·执信中学高三阶段练习）It is reported that Americans eat too much protein every day, ______ as they actually need.
A．as twice much B．twice much as
C．as much twice D．twice as much
【答案】D
【详解】考查倍数表达法。句意：据报道，美国人每天摄入的蛋白质太多，是他们实际需要的两倍。此处是倍数表达法“倍数+as+形容词/副词+as”。故选D项。
【考例13】（2021·江苏·高三）Farmers had a good harvest this year.They got in almost ________ they did five years ago.
A．as twice much rice as B．as much rice as twice
C．twice as more rice than D．twice as much rice as
【答案】D
【详解】考查倍数表达法。句意：今年，农民有了好收成。收获的稻米几乎是五年前的两倍之多。根据倍数表达的固定句式结构：倍数+ as + adj.原级 +名词 + as。D项符合这个结构。故选D项。
核心考点三、形容词的词性转换
1.名词、动词转换形容词
转换范例:
（1）名词+al 变为形容词
culture-cultural文化的；nature-natural 自然的；function- functional实用的
（2）动词/名词+able/ible 变为形容词
accept - acceptable可接受的 access - accessible容易达到的
comfort - comfortable 舒适的 desire - desirable 可取的，值得用的
（3）动词+ive 变为形容词
create - creative 创造性的
detect - detective 侦探的
instruct→instructive具有教育意义的
defense - defensive 防御的，自卫的
（4）名词+ful 变为形容词
hope - hopeful满怀希望的
thank - thankful感激的
meaning - meaningful 有意义的
（5）名词+y/ly 变为形容词
noise - noisy聒噪的
friend→friendly友好的
cost - costly 昂贵的
（6）名词+ous 变为形容词
courage - courageous 勇敢的
danger - dangerous危险的
adventure - adventurous 勇于冒险的
mountain - mountainous 多山的
（7）以some结尾的形容词
tire - tiresome令人厌烦的
trouble - troublesome 麻烦的
fear - fearsome 可怕的
battle - battlesome好斗的
2.动词转换形容词
（1）以ing结尾的形容词，常译为“令人……的”，用于说明事物的性质或特征，通常是物作主语。这类形容词常作定语或表语。
（2）以ed结尾的形容词，常译为“（人）觉得……的”，通常是人作主语，表示人的感受。这类形容词常作表语，不作定语。
① amazing adj. 令人惊异的；惊人的； amazed adj. 感到惊奇的；惊讶的
We were amazed at his amazing achievements.
我们对他所取得的惊人成就感到惊讶。
② amusing adj. 引人发笑的；有趣的； amused adj. 被逗笑的；愉快的
Everyone was amused at the amusing story. 那个有趣的故事把大家都逗乐了。
③ astonishing adj. 使人吃惊的； astonished adj. 惊讶的；吃惊的
The astonishing news made all of us astonished.
这个惊人的消息让我们所有的人都无比震惊。
④ boring adj. 乏味的；无聊的 bored adj. 厌倦的；烦闷的
The boring job made him get bored.
这份枯燥的工作让他感到厌烦。
⑤ confusing adj. 难以理解的；令人费解的； confused adj. 困惑的；迷惑的
The confusing instructions makes me confused.
这个说明书令人费解，把我弄糊涂了。
⑥ disappointing adj. 令人失望的； disappointed adj. 感到失望的；沮丧的
The exam results were disappointing and I was really disappointed.
考试结果令人失望，我感到很沮丧。
⑦ discouraging adj. 令人泄气的； discouraged adj. 泄气的；沮丧的
No matter how discouraging the result is, don't be discouraged.
无论结果多么令人沮丧，你都不要灰心。
⑧embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的； embarrassed adj. 尴尬的；局促不安的
The embarrassing situation made everyone embarrassed.
这种尴尬的局面让大家都很尴尬。
⑨encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的； encouraged adj. 受鼓舞的
Hearing the encouraging news, we all felt encouraged.
听到这个振奋人心的消息，我们都深受鼓舞。
⑩frightening adj. 令人恐惧的； frightened adj. 恐惧的；害怕的
The frightening snake made her frightened to death.
那条令人恐惧的蛇把她吓得要死。
【考例14】Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___6___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
【答案】meaningful
【详解】考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful表示“有意义的”，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
【考例15】On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___82___ (sleep) while watching TV.
【答案】asleep
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
核心考点四 副词和形容词互转
形容词变副词通常是加y，其变化有规律可循，请记住以下口诀：
一般直接加，元(e)去e加y，辅(y)变i加y，le结尾e加y。
变化形式 例词
直接加ly(表示以某种方式) bad - badly 严重地 差地
extreme-extremely极端
以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，改y为i，加ly happy - happily 高兴地
merry - merrily快乐地
去e加ly true→truly真正地
以le结尾的形容词去e加y simple→simply简单地
gentle→gently温柔地
★注意：
1.多音节y结尾的词 将y改为i后加ly，如：
easy-easily happy-happily heavy-heavily
2.单音节y结尾的词 直接加ly，如：gay-gayly sly-slyly
3.以ll结尾的词 只加y ，如：full-fully
4.以ic结尾的词 加ally，如：
automatic-automatically ；energetic-energetically
5.其他形容词 均加ly，如：
polite-politely；wide-widely；glad-gladly
6.本身既是形容词也是副词，无需改变，如：
fast----fast early----early high----high hard----hard late----late far----far wide----wide alone----alone、
7.虽然以ly结尾，但却是形容词，不能直接用来修饰动词，，如：
friendly lively lovely lonely likely
8.有些形容词本身即为副词，同时也有加ly的副词形式。但加不加ly意思不一样，使用时需注意
wide(形容词，宽阔的)----wide(副词，睁大地)/widely(副词，广泛地)
high(形容词，高的)----high(副词，高地)/highly(副词，高度地)
hard副词容易写成hardly, hardly意思为“几乎不”，与hard无任何关系
【考例16】（2022·浙江）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, _____94_____（rough） 200 academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
【答案】roughly
【详解】考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”，故填roughly。
【考例17】（2022·全国II卷）When he looked down, he ___84___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.
【答案】accidentally
【详解】考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。
一、单选选择题
1．（2021·天津高三阶段练习）—The price of the house advertised is rather reasonable, and I fancy it much.
—Let’s be ________ . We just can’t afford to pay that much money.
A．optimistic B．realistic C．enthusiastic D．systematic
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：——广告上介绍的房子价格相当合理，我很喜欢。——让我们现实点。我们付不起那么多钱的。A. optimistic乐观的；B. realistic现实的；C. enthusiastic热情的；D. systematic系统的。由“We just can’t afford to pay that much money”可知，第二句话是说“让我们现实点。我们付不起那么多钱的”，空格处意为“现实的”，故选B。
2．（2022·天津高三阶段练习）It is required that the railway station should be ________ from anywhere in the village within half an hour by shared bikes.
A．adoptable B．acceptable C．available D．accessible
【答案】D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要求火车站应在半小时内可从村里任何地方共享自行车到达。A. adoptable可采纳的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. available可利用的；D. accessible可到达的。此处指半小时内通过共享单车到达火车站。故选D项。
3．（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨三中高三阶段练习）Much to my anger, what Miss Lin said at the meeting was not ________ with what she had told me before.
A．consistent B．desperate C．irrelevant D．innocent
【答案】A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令我非常生气的是，林小姐在会上说的话与她以前告诉我的话不一致。A. consistent一致的；B. desperate绝望的；C. irrelevant不相关的；D. innocent无辜的。分析句子，设空处应该使用形容词作表语。根据句意，此处表示“林小姐在会上说的话与她以前告诉我的话不一致”。故选A。
4．（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六中学校高三阶段练习）Although he is a billionaire, he is ________ in all areas, which saves him a lot of money.
A．dynamic B．economical C．fulfilling D．external
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然他是个亿万富翁，但他在各个方面都很节俭，这为他节省了很多钱。A. dynamic充满活力的；B. economical节俭的；C. fulfilling令人满足的；D. external外面的。题干表达的是他虽然富有但是在各方面都是节俭的，故选B项。
5．（2022·广东·深圳中学高三开学考试）In those days, our ________ concern was to provide the victims of the floods with food and health care.
A．primary B．constant C．frequent D．permanent
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那些日子里，我们一直关心的是为水灾受害者提供食物和保健。A. primary主要的；B. constant不断的，持续的；C. frequent频繁的；D. permanent永久的。根据“In those days”可知，此处表示“那些天一直担心的事情”，故选B。
6．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）True friends are people who face extreme hardship to save each other.
A．are about to B．are blind to C．are willing to D．are likely to
【答案】C
【详解】考查短语。句意：真正的朋友是愿意面对极端困难来拯救彼此的人。A. are about to马上；B. are blind to对……视而不见；C. are willing to愿意；D. are likely to可能。根据句意可知，此处表示“真正的朋友是愿意面对极端困难来拯救彼此的人”，故选C。
7．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）—Do you think that the 11th Chinese National Games were a success
—Yes，________！It couldn’t be ________.
A．relatively；better B．approximately；worse
C．absolutely；better D．fortunately；worse
【答案】C
【详解】考查副词和形容词比较级。句意：——你认为第十一届中国全运会成功了吗？——是的，当然！再好不过了。A.relatively；better 相对地，更好；B.approximately；worse 大概地，更糟糕；C.absolutely；better 绝对，更好；D.fortunately；worse幸运地，更糟糕。根据语境知，第十一届全运会绝对是一个成功的盛会，第一个空应该用副词absolutely；结合句意，it couldn't be better意思是“不能再好了”，第二空填better。故选C项。
8．（2022·天津·静海一中模拟预测）As online shopping becomes increasingly popular, the Internet is regarded as a(n) ________ way of reaching target customers.
A．efficient B．temporary C．complex D．definite
【答案】A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着网上购物越来越流行，互联网被视为联系目标客户的有效方式。A. efficient有效的；B. temporary暂时的；C. complex复杂的；D. definite确定的。结合常识和句意可知，互联网是联系目标客户的有效方式。故选A项。
9．（2022·天津·耀华中学一模）Father’s loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic and ________, putting others first.
A．cautious B．courageous C．considerate D．humorous
【答案】C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：父亲的慈爱和无私激励着我变得更加富有同情心和体贴，把别人放在第一位。A. cautious谨慎的；B. courageous勇敢的；C. considerate体贴的；D. humorous幽默的。根据“putting others first.”可知，父亲的慈爱和无私激励着自己变得更加富有同情心和体贴。故选C。
10．（2022·天津市滨海新区大港油田实验中学模拟预测）The change of a job can be a very challenging and ______ experience for most people.
A．inspiring B．disturbing C．motivating D．fascinating
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对大多数人来说，工作的改变是一种非常具有挑战性和令人不安的经历。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. disturbing令人不安的；C. motivating激励的；D. fascinating迷人的。根据“The change of a job”和“challenging”可知，换工作对大多数人来说是具有挑战和令人不安的经历。故选B。
11．（2022·天津·高三专题练习）It’s wise to have a(n) ________ solution to the problem we are facing now, in case the first one does not work when used.
A．alternative B．acceptable C．final D．better
【答案】A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于我们现在面临的问题，有一个替代的解决方案是明智的，以防第一个方案在使用时不起作用。A. alternative供选择的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. final最终的；D. better更好的。根据“in case the first one does not work when used.”可知，需要一个可替代的解决方案，防止第一个方案在使用时不起作用。故选A。
12．（2022·天津和平·三模）The woman was so ________ that even the clicking sound of the mouse upset her.
A．generous B．flexible C．thoughtful D．sensitive
【答案】D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个女人非常敏感，连鼠标的咔哒声都让她心烦。A. generous慷慨的；B. flexible灵活的；C. thoughtful体贴的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据“even the clicking sound of the mouse upset her.”可知，这个女人对声音非常敏感。故选D。
13．（2022·天津滨海新·一模）The Shenzhou-13 return capsule, carrying three astronauts, made an _____ and safe landing in the scheduled area on April 16, 2022.
A．active B．accurate C．extreme D．extra
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2022年4月16日，载着三名宇航员的神舟十三号返回舱在预定区域准确、安全着陆。A. active 活跃的；B. accurate精确的；C. extreme极其的；D. extra多余的。根据后文safe，可知此处是精确着陆，故选B项。
14．（2022·天津·南开中学高三阶段练习）—A well-trained dog will make no attempt to share your lunch.
—But it will just make you feel so ________ that you cannot enjoy it.
A．guilty B．skeptical C．fragile D．eager
【答案】A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：——一条训练有素的狗不会试图分享你的午餐。——但它只会让你感到内疚，以至于你不能享受它。A. guilty内疚的；B. skeptical怀疑的；C. fragile易碎的；D. eager渴望的，迫切的。根据“that you cannot enjoy it.”可知，此处是指因为不给狗分享午餐而感到内疚，以至于不能好好享受午饭。故选A。
15．（2022·天津·高三专题练习）Some of the actors’ live lives ________ to the parts they play in the movie.
A．identical B．available C．familiar D．reliable
【答案】A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些演员的生活与他们在电影中扮演的角色完全相同。A. identical完全相同的；B. available合适的，可利用的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. reliable可靠的。根据选项及常识可知，此处使用形容词identical，指“有些演员的生活与他们在电影中扮演的角色完全相同”。故选A项。
16．（2022·天津·高三专题练习）They’d won 12 ______ games before they lost.
A．vivid B．straight C．typical D．flexible
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们在输掉比赛前已经连续赢了12场。A.vivid生动的，逼真的；B.straight连续的；C.typical典型的；D.flexible灵活的。根据句意，他们连续12场比赛都赢了，straight意为“连续的”，作宾语games的前置定语，符合语境。故选B项。
17．（2022·北京·高三）Under this ________pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.
A．intensive B．weighty C．intense D．bulky
【答案】C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这种强烈的压力下，有些岩石甚至变成了液体。A. intensive密集的，加强的；B. weighty沉重的；重大的；C. intense强烈的；D. bulky庞大的；笨重的。根据后文“some of the rocks even became liquid”可知，是因为“强烈的压力”。intensive 强调“短时间内集中紧张进行的”，不符合句意。故选C项。
18．（2022·天津·高三专题练习）My schedule is quite ________, so I can arrange to write the briefing any time next day.
A．sensible B．flexible C．dramatic D．reliable
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的时间表很灵活，所以我可以安排在第二天的任何时间写简报。A. sensible明智的；B. flexible灵活的；C. dramatic戏剧性的；D. reliable可靠的。根据“write the briefing any time next day”可知，此处表示时间表很灵活。故选B。
19．（2022·天津·耀华中学模拟预测）—A well-trained dog will make no attempt to share your lunch.
—But it will just make you feel so ______ that you cannot enjoy it.
A．desperate B．skeptical C．fragile D．guilty
【答案】D
【详解】考查形容词。句意：—条训练有素的狗不会试图分享你的午餐。—但它只会让你感到内疚，以至于你不能享受它。 A.desperate沮丧的；B.skeptical怀疑的；C.fragile虚弱的；D.guilty有罪的，内疚的。根据句意，此处意指训练有素的狗狗不会去抢你的午餐吃，这会让你感到有些负罪感和内疚，以至于你不能很好地享受午餐。根据上下文的转折关系，可知这会让你感到内疚，故选D项。
20．（2022·天津市宁河区芦台第一中学二模）Mary was greatly inspired though she made ________improvements in her English writing.
A．brilliant B．modest C．substantial D．considerable
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：玛丽虽然在英语写作上只有一点点进步，但她还是深受鼓舞。A. brilliant极聪明的；B. modest适度的，中等的；C. substantial数目大的，可观的；D. considerable相当多的，相当大的。因为句中有“though尽管”表让步，说明她只有很小的进步。故选B项。
21．（2022·天津市西青区杨柳青第一中学模拟预测）Nowadays, basic health care services are ________ to almost all the Chinese people. This accounts for the fact that the average life expectancy of all the Chinese has already risen to 75.
A．accessible B．abundant C．accurate D．attractive
【答案】A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目前，基本医疗卫生服务基本普及。这就是为什么中国人的平均预期寿命已经上升到75岁的原因。 A. accessible可使用的；B. abundant丰富的；C. accurate准确的；D. attractive吸引人的。由“the average life expectancy of the Chinese has already risen to 75”可知，基本医疗卫生服务基本普及，所以中国人的平均预期寿命已经上升到75岁，也就是大部分中国人都可以使用基本医疗卫生服务，因此空格处是“可使用的”，故选C。
22．（2022·天津市新华中学高三阶段练习）— You don’t see the professor from Singapore quite often, do you
—No, we only meet ______.
A．eventually B．consistently C．frequently D．occasionally
【答案】D
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：——你不经常见到那位来自新加坡的教授，是吗？——不，我们只是偶尔见面。A. eventually最后，终于； B.consistently一贯地； C.frequently频繁地； D.occasionally偶然，偶尔。由前一句句意“don’t see ... quite ofen(不经常见面)”可知是偶尔见面，所以D.occasionally符合语境。故选D项。
23．（2022·天津·耀华中学高三阶段练习）—The test results are terrible. Is it too difficult for the students
—Not really. Some students lost marks________ because they didn’t read the question properly.
A．automatically B．hardly C．deliberately D．simply
【答案】D
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：——测试的结果很糟糕。这对学生来说太难了吗？——不完全是。一些学生失去分数只是因为没有正确地阅读这个问题。A.automatically自动地；B.hardly几乎不；C.deliberately有意地；D.simply（引出概括或解释）不过，只是。根据前后文可知，学生失分仅仅因为没有正确地读题，给出解释和强调。故选D。
24．（2022·广东·执信中学高三阶段练习）Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, ______, have its own problem.
A．therefore B．however C．moreover D．otherwise
【答案】B
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究显示，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且很可能减少受伤。然而，它也有自己的问题。A. therefore因此；B. however然而；C. moreover此外；D. otherwise否则。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用however。故选B。
25．（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨三中高三阶段练习）Wash your hands ________ with hot soapy water before handling any food.
A．thoroughly B．purely C．immensely D．permanently
【答案】A
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在处理任何食物之前都要用热肥皂水彻底把手洗干净。A. thoroughly彻底地；B. purely完全地；C. immensely无限地；D. permanently永久地。结合语意，在处理食物之前，应该要彻底地把手洗干净，这样才卫生。故选A项。
26．（2022·天津·南开中学高三阶段练习）The percentage of students majoring in arts has increased _________ from 8% to 37% in the past two years.
A．gradually B．slightly C．dramatically D．particularly
【答案】C
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在过去的两年中，主修文科的学生比例从8%急剧上升到37%。A. gradually逐渐地；B. slightly稍微；C. dramatically显著地；D. particularly特别。根据后文“from 8% to 37%”可知，此处指显著上升，应用dramatically。故选C。
27．（2022·天津市双菱中学高三阶段练习）There’s little chance that we will be successful in trying to change the present situation. ________, it is vital that we try our best.
A．Meanwhile B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Nevertheless
【答案】D
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们成功改变现状的可能性很小。然而，我们尽最大努力是至关重要的。A. Meanwhile与此同时；B. Otherwise否则；C. Therefore因此；D. Nevertheless然而，不过。根据句意可知，空格前后两句话为转折关系。故选D。
28．（2022·天津河西·三模）The girl stood looking round in all directions with her luggage in her hands, but ________ no one had come to meet her.
A．barely B．entirely C．precisely D．apparently
【答案】D
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：那姑娘手里拿着行李，站在那里东张西望，但显然没有人来接她。A. barely仅仅，几乎没有；B. entirely完全地；C. precisely精确地，恰好；D. apparently显然。根据“looking round in all directions”及转折词but可知，此处指“但显然没有人来接她”，其他选项不符合题意。故选D项。
29．（2022·天津·高三专题练习）Several years ago, I had a manager who________ changed his mind about what he wanted.
A．strangely B．constantly C．actually D．ultimately
【答案】B
【详解】考查副词。句意：几年前，我有一个经理，关于他想要的东西，他总是改变主意。A. strangely不可思议地；B. constantly经常地，总是；C. actually实际上；D. ultimately最终。根据句意和语境，这位经理不断地改变自己想要的东西，设空处应用constantly，作状语。故选B项。
30．（2022·天津和平·三模）There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. ________ , it is important that we try.
A．Meanwhile B．Therefore C．Besides D．Nevertheless
【答案】D
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们成功改变法律的可能性很小。然而，我们的尝试是很重要的。A. Meanwhile同时；B. Therefore因此；C. Besides另外；D. Nevertheless然而。根据句意可知，上下两句之间是转折关系，即“虽然这件事可能性小，然而我们还是要尝试”之意。此处用副词Nevertheless(然而)在句中作状语。故选D项。
二、语篇语法填空
（一）
（2021·浙江）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier ____30____ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ____31____ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a ____32____ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ____33____ (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ____34____ 2. 1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain ____35____ (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ____36____ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed ____37____(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people ____38____ (live) in the countryside, including ____39____ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】30．and 31．that##which 32．person’s 33．is considered 34．by
35．was 36．studied 37．sharply 38．living 39．lower
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标，主要是由于农村地区的体重指数（BMI）增加了，并分析了其中的原因。
30．考查连词。句意：在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的人们体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知，that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故填and。
31．考查定语从句。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词tool，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
32．考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
33．考查动词被动语态。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（a BMI）是单数，时态是一般现在时，且主语和consider是表被动关系，故填is considered。
34．考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合语境，故填by。
35．考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（gain）是单数，时态是一般过去时，故填was。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系，应该使用过去分词作定语。故填studied。
37．考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrow，用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在分词形式，故填living。
39．考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。
（二）
（2021·全国）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___40___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___41___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___42___ （marry）ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much ___43___ （small）than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home ___44___ （paint）white.” It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ___45___ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, ___46___ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___47___ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
___48___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ____49____ （sell）most of their furniture.
【答案】40．has proved##has proven 41．for 42．marriage 43．smaller
44．was painted 45．herself 46．neither 47．to plant 48．The 49．sold
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁史。
40．考查动词时态。句意：它不像乔治·华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。根据时间状语“since it opened to the public”可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，故设空处用现在完成时；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
41．考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
42．考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”，此处用名词作定语，故填marriage。
43．考查形容词比较级。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处用形容词比较级形式，故填smaller。
44．考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被粉刷”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
45．考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词，作宾语；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
46．考查连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”，意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
47．考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示，故填to plant。
48．考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。
49．考查动词时态。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们把房子租了出去，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式是sold。故填sold。
（三）
（2022·全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___50___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___51___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___52___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___53___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___54___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___55___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___56___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
___57___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___58___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____59_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【答案】50．by 51．the 52．addressed 53．largest 54．responsibility 55．shared 56．and 57．To strengthen 58．inviting 59．its
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
50．考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
51．考查冠词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。分析句意可知，特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the表特指。故填the。
52．考查动词的时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。分析句意可知，本句是陈述过去事情，所以用一般过去时。故填addressed。
53．考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
54．考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
55．考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。因为语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
56．考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。分析句式结构可知,名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
57．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
58．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语,表主动关系。故填inviting。
59．考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。分析句式结构可知,名词exhibition前应该用形容词性物主代词来修饰。故填its。
（四）
（2022·全国甲卷）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___60___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___61___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___62___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___63___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___64___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___65___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao ___66___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___67___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___68___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____69____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】60．to journey 61．who 62．held 63．A 64．protection 65．meaningful 66．has walked 67．highest 68．from 69．planning
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个有视力障碍的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
60．考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。step前面有序数词first，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
61．考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the man，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
62．考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。动词hold意为“举行”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语“the Belt and Road Forum”之间构成被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填held。
63．考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。此处名词friend第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词表示泛指，且friend是以辅音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词a。故填A。
64．考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。
65．考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful表示“有意义的”，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
66．考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
67．考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处是指三者或三者以上的比较，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
68．考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
69．考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。动词plan意为“计划”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填planning。
（五）
（2022·全国）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___70___ (cover)an area about three times ___71___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___72___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___73___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___74___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___75___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___76___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___77___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___78___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____79_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】70．Covering 71．the 72．were 73．to increase 74．is designed
75．and 76．populations 77．eventually 78．as 79．that
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。
70．考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语，空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
71．考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，此处考查倍数表达法，即为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份，因此此处应填定冠词the。故填the。
72．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。
73．考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。
74．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
75．考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处前后为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。
76．考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处和and后的复数名词homes并列，且在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population ，意为“种群”，且应用复数形式。故填populations。
77．考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处后为动词achieve，空处应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve，结合语意可知，此处意为“最终”，应用副词eventually。故填eventually。
78．考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语serve as，意为“充当”，故空处应填介词as。故填as。
79．考查定语从句。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子可知，空处考查引导限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题五 形容词与副词（原卷版）
【解密高考】形容词和副词是每年高考必考点之一，近几年语境综合化程度越来越高，难度加大，侧重考查考生在具体语境中灵活运用形容词、副词的能力。高频考点有：形容词、副词词义辨析；原级、比较级、最高级的使用；倍数的表达方法；比较等级的修饰语；多个形容词的排列顺序；常见形容词、副词的惯用法等。
【命题方向】2023年高考对与形容词和副词有关的构词法的考查仍会成为语法填空的重点之一；形容词和副词的比较等级；形容词和副词之间的转换；名词转换为形容词等。
核心考点一形容词词义辨析
1.形容词
形容词是说明人或事物的属性、状态或特征的词，在句子中主要作名词的装饰语。形容词通常置于其修饰的名词之前，并且多数形容词具有比较等级。
分类:
一、描述形容词
表示名词的性质、颜色、大小和状态等的形容词。如:
Have you read her new novel 你看过她新出的小说了吗？
His hair was as white as snow . 他头发雪白。
She wrote the letter with blue ink.她用蓝墨水写了那封信。
Her hands were blue with cold. 她的双手冻得发青。
二、物质形容词
由物质名词充当或物质名词转换而成的形容词。如:
This glass dish is very fragile. 这玻璃碟子十分易碎。
They sat and had their lunch on a grassy hillside. 他们坐在长满草的山坡上吃他们的午饭。
三、数量形容词
1)不定数量形容词:不定代词之后接名词时即成为不定数量形容词。如:
Are there any cookies left
有剩下的曲奇饼吗？
He offered some useful advice.
他提出了一些有益的建议。
2)数词。如:
They have three small children.
他们有三个年幼的孩子。
He put on his second best suit.
他穿上了他第二好的西服。
3)倍数词。如:
Children travel (at) half fare. 儿童交通费减半。
He was drinking his double whisky too fast and scowling. 他大口喝着双份威士忌，双眉紧皱。
四、专有形容词
由专有名词转换而成的形容词如地名、国名等。如:
Many Japanese and Chinese teas are green teas. 日本和中国的许多茶都是绿茶。
In Chinese folklore the bat is a symbol of good fortune. 在中国民间传说中，蝙蝠是好运的象征。
五、物主形容词
包括人称代词的所有格(形容词性物主代词)和名词的所有格。如:
Their friends suggested they should put up their prices.
他们的朋友们建议他们提高价格。
She was very supportive during my father's illness.
在我父亲生病期间，她给了很多帮助。
六、指示形容词
指示代词this，that，these，those之后接名词或one/ones，成为指示形容词。如:
This knife needs sharpening.
这把刀需要磨了。
That phone's always ringing.
那个电话总是响个不停。
I planted those apple trees.
我种了那些苹果树。
七、疑问形容词
疑问代词which，whose，what之后接名词或代词，成为疑问形容词。如:
Whose side are you on anyway 你到底赞成谁的观点呢？
Which direction are you facing 你面朝哪个方向？
What sign are you 你属什么星座？
八、关系形容词
关系代词which，whose，what之后接名词，成为关系形容词。如:
He's a man whose opinion I respect. 他是我尊重其意见的人。
Your claim ought to succeed, in which case the damages will be substantial. 你的索赔应当能成功，假如这样的话，损害赔偿金将会相当可观。
九、动词形容词
由动词转化成的形容词，即动名词、现在分词、过去分词。如:
She managed to escape from the burning car. 她设法从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。
There is hot and cold running water in all the bedrooms. 所有的卧室里都有冷热自来水。
Cucumber is good for soothing tired eyes. 黄瓜对缓解眼睛疲劳很有效。
【考例1】1．（2022·天津市新华中学高三阶段练习）Life is like sport, by which I mean, it’s a highly ______ business. If you want to win, you must struggle.
A．competitive B．dynamic C．complicated D．fascinating
【答案】A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生活就像运动，我的意思是，这是一个高度竞争的行业。如果你想赢，你必须奋斗。A. competitive有竞争力的；B. dynamic充满活力的；C. complicated复杂的；D. fascinating迷人的。由语意可知，你只有奋斗，才有可能赢，因此，生活就像体育运动一样具有竞争力。故选A项。
【考例2】（2022·天津·南开中学高三阶段练习）The study suggested that the ________ use of chemicals in agriculture had caused water pollution in this area.
A．complex B．commercial C．widespread D．ultimate
【答案】C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，农业中化学品的广泛使用已经造成了该地区的水污染。A. complex复杂的；B. commercial商业的；C. widespread广泛的；D. ultimate最终的。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语。此处表示“广泛的”，故用widespread。故选C。
核心考点二 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
一、原级比较
1. ＂as＋形容词＋(a/an)＋名词＋as＂表示原级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词的顺序。
As a matter of fact, getting rid of a bad habit is as much an effort as forming a good one.
事实上，摆脱坏习惯就像养成好习惯一样需要努力。
I was making as much money as I was as an accountant.
我的收入和我做会计的工资一样多。
2. ＂as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂与＂not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂表示同级比较，即两个或两
部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。
It's not so easy as you'd think.
不像你想的那么容易。
I'm not so stupid as to believe that.
我还不至于傻得连那样的话都相信。
【考例3】（2022·上海高三上学期月考）In Britain 18-to-24-year-olds are spending _________ time on Facebook and Instagram, its sister app, as they were four years ago.
A．much more B．as half much C．more much D．half as much
【答案】D
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在英国，18到24岁的年轻人花在Facebook和Instagram（其姊妹应用）上的时间是四年前的一半。根据空后的as可知，此处考查as much...as结构，排除A、C项，much后接被修饰的不可数名词time，half作为倍数，应置于第一个as之前，故选D项。
【考例4】（2021·上海·复旦高三）A student of music needs________ to become a performer as a medical student needs________ a doctor.
A．as long and tough a training；to become B．as long and tough a training；becoming
C．as a long and tough training；to become D．as a long and tough training；becoming
【答案】A
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：一名音乐专业的学生要想成为一名演奏者，就像一名医科学生要成为一名医生一样，需要经过长期艰苦的训练。根据后面的as可知，第一空格处是as……as句型，句型为：as+形容词+名词+as，再分析句意，名词training前用不定冠词a泛指“一种”音乐专业的训练，符合语境；第二个空格处用动词不定式来表目的与上文的to become并列。故选A项。
【考例5】（2022·甘肃·高三月考）We cannot expect her to do the homework ______ look after the children.
A．as good as B．as well as C．as far as D．as long as
【答案】B
【详解】考查固定短语语义辨析。句意：我们不能指望她既做作业又照顾孩子。A. as good as和……一样好，不亚于；B. as well as既……又……；C. as far as远至，就……而言；D. as long as只要。根据句意可知，不能指望她既干这个又干那个。故选B项。
二、比较级
1. 比较级的修饰语有: rather, much，still, any(否定句、疑问句中), even, far, a lot，a bit, a little, a great deal等。
The leaves taste rather bitter. 这些叶子尝起来相当苦。
Could you go a little slower 你能走慢点吗？
I can't run any faster. 我不能跑得更快了。
If you don't tell them, nobody will be any the wiser . 如果你不告诉他们，谁也不会察觉。
There are far more opportunities for young people than there used to be. 现在年轻人的机会比过去多得多。
2. 比较级的常见结构：
（1）“比较级+than”结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方。
I'm older than her. 我比她年龄大。
He loves me more than you do. 他比你更爱我。
（2）由more, fewer, less+名词构成的比较级
①more “比……多”，后接复数名词或不可数名词
She earns a lot more than I do. 她赚的钱比我多多了。
Only two more days to go! 仅仅剩下两天了！
people with more money than sense 金钱多于智慧的人
②less “比……少”，后接不可数名词
He was advised to smoke fewer cigarettes and drink less beer. 有人劝他少抽烟、少喝啤酒。
③fewer“比……少”，后接复数名词
There seem to be fewer tourists around this year.
今年来访的旅游者似乎少了。
3. 比较级的特殊结构
（1）The more…,the more…表示“越……,就越……”(more代表比较级)
The more she thought about it, the more depressed she became.
这件事她越想越感到沮丧。
The more powerful the car the more difficult it is to handle.
汽车的功效越大，操纵起来越难。
（2）“比较级+比较级”和“more and more+多音节词原级”表示“越来越……”
She spends more and more time alone in her room.
她一个人待在屋里的时间越来越多。
As time goes by, we are growing wiser and wiser.
随着时间的推移，我们变得越越聪明了。
（3）＂the＋比较级＋of the two ＋名词＂表示＂两者中较……的那个＂。
Greg is the taller of the two. 格里格是这两个中较高的。
This box is the heavier of the two. 这个箱子是两个箱子中较重的一个。
（4）“no +比较级+than”结构表示“和……一样不……”
“not +比较级+than”结构意为“不及”，表示前者不如后者
Never have I looked down upon others, because I myself is no better than them.
我从来没有看不起过任何人，因为我本身并不会比别人好多少。
His work is as good, if not better than, as yours.
他的工作即使不比你的更好，也与你的一样。
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of colors.
一些人可能认为花园只是植物，花朵，形状和大量的颜色。
【考例6】（2021·全国I卷）After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___5___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】better
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级better。故填better。
【考例7】（2021·全国II卷）The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____4____ (hot) the spring!
【答案】hotter
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和！此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
【考例8】（2021·浙江1月真题卷）This may be due to some disadvantages for people ____38____ (live) in the countryside, including ____39____ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】lower
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。
三、最高级
1. 最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。
Which is the first most useful invention 哪一个是第一个最有用途的发明？
The first most important thing is to disconnect from the problem. 首先，最重要的是暂时抛开这个问题。
The last of these reasons is by far the most important. 这些理由中最后一条比其他的重要得多。
2. 最高级意义的表达法
①the +最高级+比较范围
The farthest place Ted had travelled to was Chicago. 泰德去过的最远的地方是芝加哥。
②never…a(n)+比较级+可数名词单数
Better late than never. but never later is better. 迟到总比不到好，但从不迟到更好。
③ 比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词
比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋anyone else
比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词
eg: 露丝娅是她学校最高的女生。
Lucy is taller than any other girl in her school.
=Lucy is taller than all the other girls in her school.
=Lucy is taller than any of the other girls in her school.
=Lucy is taller than the rest of girls in her school.
=Lucy is the tallest girl in her class.
④否定词＋比较级＝最高级。
The price has never been more cheaper. 价格从未如此便宜过。
Nothing is more important than this. 没有什么比这件事更重要了。
=Nothing is so important as this.= This is the most important thing. 这件事最重要。
I couldn’t agree with you any more. 我非常同意。
It couldn’t be worse. 不能再糟糕了。
【考例9】（2022.全国乙卷）As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___53___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
【答案】largest
【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
【考例10】（2022.全国甲卷）In the last five years. Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___67___ (high) mountain.
【答案】highest
【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处是指三者或三者以上的比较，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
【考例11】（2022·广东·盐田高中高三月考）Any potential triggering (触发) of atomic weapons would be ______ a disaster of immense scale.
A．nothing less than B．nothing better than
C．nothing more than D．nothing worst than
【答案】A
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：任何可能的核武器触发都完全是一场规模巨大的灾难。 A.nothing less than完全是；不亚于；B.nothing better than没有比……更好；C. nothing more than不过是；无非是；D.nothing worst than没有比……更糟糕。根据句意和常识可知，核武器的触发完全是一场巨大的灾难。故选B。
四、倍数表达法
表示倍数的句型：
(1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
(2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
(3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height 等)＋of＋B
(4)A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
(5)A is＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句
The new planet is about ten times the size of the earth. 新发现的行星大约是地球的10倍那么大。
The new planet is about ten times lager than the earth.
The new planet is about ten times as large as the earth.
The output of this year is 4 times that of 2021.＝The output of this year is 4 times what it was in 2021.
今年的产量是2021年的四倍。
New drivers have twice as many accidents as experienced drivers.
新驾驶员所出的事故是老驾驶员的两倍。
【考例12】（2022·广东·执信中学高三阶段练习）It is reported that Americans eat too much protein every day, ______ as they actually need.
A．as twice much B．twice much as
C．as much twice D．twice as much
【答案】D
【详解】考查倍数表达法。句意：据报道，美国人每天摄入的蛋白质太多，是他们实际需要的两倍。此处是倍数表达法“倍数+as+形容词/副词+as”。故选D项。
【考例13】（2021·江苏·高三）Farmers had a good harvest this year.They got in almost ________ they did five years ago.
A．as twice much rice as B．as much rice as twice
C．twice as more rice than D．twice as much rice as
【答案】D
【详解】考查倍数表达法。句意：今年，农民有了好收成。收获的稻米几乎是五年前的两倍之多。根据倍数表达的固定句式结构：倍数+ as + adj.原级 +名词 + as。D项符合这个结构。故选D项。
核心考点三、形容词的词性转换
1.名词、动词转换形容词
转换范例:
（1）名词+al 变为形容词
culture-cultural文化的；nature-natural 自然的；function- functional实用的
（2）动词/名词+able/ible 变为形容词
accept - acceptable可接受的 access - accessible容易达到的
comfort - comfortable 舒适的 desire - desirable 可取的，值得用的
（3）动词+ive 变为形容词
create - creative 创造性的
detect - detective 侦探的
instruct→instructive具有教育意义的
defense - defensive 防御的，自卫的
（4）名词+ful 变为形容词
hope - hopeful满怀希望的
thank - thankful感激的
meaning - meaningful 有意义的
（5）名词+y/ly 变为形容词
noise - noisy聒噪的
friend→friendly友好的
cost - costly 昂贵的
（6）名词+ous 变为形容词
courage - courageous 勇敢的
danger - dangerous危险的
adventure - adventurous 勇于冒险的
mountain - mountainous 多山的
（7）以some结尾的形容词
tire - tiresome令人厌烦的
trouble - troublesome 麻烦的
fear - fearsome 可怕的
battle - battlesome好斗的
2.动词转换形容词
（1）以ing结尾的形容词，常译为“令人……的”，用于说明事物的性质或特征，通常是物作主语。这类形容词常作定语或表语。
（2）以ed结尾的形容词，常译为“（人）觉得……的”，通常是人作主语，表示人的感受。这类形容词常作表语，不作定语。
① amazing adj. 令人惊异的；惊人的； amazed adj. 感到惊奇的；惊讶的
We were amazed at his amazing achievements.
我们对他所取得的惊人成就感到惊讶。
② amusing adj. 引人发笑的；有趣的； amused adj. 被逗笑的；愉快的
Everyone was amused at the amusing story. 那个有趣的故事把大家都逗乐了。
③ astonishing adj. 使人吃惊的； astonished adj. 惊讶的；吃惊的
The astonishing news made all of us astonished.
这个惊人的消息让我们所有的人都无比震惊。
④ boring adj. 乏味的；无聊的 bored adj. 厌倦的；烦闷的
The boring job made him get bored.
这份枯燥的工作让他感到厌烦。
⑤ confusing adj. 难以理解的；令人费解的； confused adj. 困惑的；迷惑的
The confusing instructions makes me confused.
这个说明书令人费解，把我弄糊涂了。
⑥ disappointing adj. 令人失望的； disappointed adj. 感到失望的；沮丧的
The exam results were disappointing and I was really disappointed.
考试结果令人失望，我感到很沮丧。
⑦ discouraging adj. 令人泄气的； discouraged adj. 泄气的；沮丧的
No matter how discouraging the result is, don't be discouraged.
无论结果多么令人沮丧，你都不要灰心。
⑧embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的； embarrassed adj. 尴尬的；局促不安的
The embarrassing situation made everyone embarrassed.
这种尴尬的局面让大家都很尴尬。
⑨encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的； encouraged adj. 受鼓舞的
Hearing the encouraging news, we all felt encouraged.
听到这个振奋人心的消息，我们都深受鼓舞。
⑩frightening adj. 令人恐惧的； frightened adj. 恐惧的；害怕的
The frightening snake made her frightened to death.
那条令人恐惧的蛇把她吓得要死。
【考例14】Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___6___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
【答案】meaningful
【详解】考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful表示“有意义的”，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
【考例15】On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___82___ (sleep) while watching TV.
【答案】asleep
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
核心考点四 副词和形容词互转
形容词变副词通常是加y，其变化有规律可循，请记住以下口诀：
一般直接加，元(e)去e加y，辅(y)变i加y，le结尾e加y。
变化形式 例词
直接加ly(表示以某种方式) bad - badly 严重地 差地
extreme-extremely极端
以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，改y为i，加ly happy - happily 高兴地
merry - merrily快乐地
去e加ly true→truly真正地
以le结尾的形容词去e加y simple→simply简单地
gentle→gently温柔地
★注意：
1.多音节y结尾的词 将y改为i后加ly，如：
easy-easily happy-happily heavy-heavily
2.单音节y结尾的词 直接加ly，如：gay-gayly sly-slyly
3.以ll结尾的词 只加y ，如：full-fully
4.以ic结尾的词 加ally，如：
automatic-automatically ；energetic-energetically
5.其他形容词 均加ly，如：
polite-politely；wide-widely；glad-gladly
6.本身既是形容词也是副词，无需改变，如：
fast----fast early----early high----high hard----hard late----late far----far wide----wide alone----alone、
7.虽然以ly结尾，但却是形容词，不能直接用来修饰动词，，如：
friendly lively lovely lonely likely
8.有些形容词本身即为副词，同时也有加ly的副词形式。但加不加ly意思不一样，使用时需注意
wide(形容词，宽阔的)----wide(副词，睁大地)/widely(副词，广泛地)
high(形容词，高的)----high(副词，高地)/highly(副词，高度地)
hard副词容易写成hardly, hardly意思为“几乎不”，与hard无任何关系
【考例16】（2022·浙江）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, _____94_____（rough） 200 academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
【答案】roughly
【详解】考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”，故填roughly。
【考例17】（2022·全国II卷）When he looked down, he ___84___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.
【答案】accidentally
【详解】考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。
一、单选选择题
1．（2021·天津高三阶段练习）—The price of the house advertised is rather reasonable, and I fancy it much.
—Let’s be ________ . We just can’t afford to pay that much money.
A．optimistic B．realistic C．enthusiastic D．systematic
2．（2022·天津高三阶段练习）It is required that the railway station should be ________ from anywhere in the village within half an hour by shared bikes.
A．adoptable B．acceptable C．available D．accessible
3．（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨三中高三阶段练习）Much to my anger, what Miss Lin said at the meeting was not ________ with what she had told me before.
A．consistent B．desperate C．irrelevant D．innocent
4．（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六中学校高三阶段练习）Although he is a billionaire, he is ________ in all areas, which saves him a lot of money.
A．dynamic B．economical C．fulfilling D．external
5．（2022·广东·深圳中学高三开学考试）In those days, our ________ concern was to provide the victims of the floods with food and health care.
A．primary B．constant C．frequent D．permanent
6．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）True friends are people who face extreme hardship to save each other.
A．are about to B．are blind to C．are willing to D．are likely to
7．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）—Do you think that the 11th Chinese National Games were a success
—Yes，________！It couldn’t be ________.
A．relatively；better B．approximately；worse
C．absolutely；better D．fortunately；worse
8．（2022·天津·静海一中模拟预测）As online shopping becomes increasingly popular, the Internet is regarded as a(n) ________ way of reaching target customers.
A．efficient B．temporary C．complex D．definite
9．（2022·天津·耀华中学一模）Father’s loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic and ________, putting others first.
A．cautious B．courageous C．considerate D．humorous
10．（2022·天津市滨海新区大港油田实验中学模拟预测）The change of a job can be a very challenging and ______ experience for most people.
A．inspiring B．disturbing C．motivating D．fascinating
11．（2022·天津·高三专题练习）It’s wise to have a(n) ________ solution to the problem we are facing now, in case the first one does not work when used.
A．alternative B．acceptable C．final D．better
12．（2022·天津和平·三模）The woman was so ________ that even the clicking sound of the mouse upset her.
A．generous B．flexible C．thoughtful D．sensitive
13．（2022·天津滨海新·一模）The Shenzhou-13 return capsule, carrying three astronauts, made an _____ and safe landing in the scheduled area on April 16, 2022.
A．active B．accurate C．extreme D．extra
14．（2022·天津·南开中学高三阶段练习）—A well-trained dog will make no attempt to share your lunch.
—But it will just make you feel so ________ that you cannot enjoy it.
A．guilty B．skeptical C．fragile D．eager
15．（2022·天津·高三专题练习）Some of the actors’ live lives ________ to the parts they play in the movie.
A．identical B．available C．familiar D．reliable
16．（2022·天津·高三专题练习）They’d won 12 ______ games before they lost.
A．vivid B．straight C．typical D．flexible
17．（2022·北京·高三）Under this ________pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.
A．intensive B．weighty C．intense D．bulky
18．（2022·天津·高三专题练习）My schedule is quite ________, so I can arrange to write the briefing any time next day.
A．sensible B．flexible C．dramatic D．reliable
19．（2022·天津·耀华中学模拟预测）—A well-trained dog will make no attempt to share your lunch.
—But it will just make you feel so ______ that you cannot enjoy it.
A．desperate B．skeptical C．fragile D．guilty
20．（2022·天津市宁河区芦台第一中学二模）Mary was greatly inspired though she made ________improvements in her English writing.
A．brilliant B．modest C．substantial D．considerable
21．（2022·天津市西青区杨柳青第一中学模拟预测）Nowadays, basic health care services are ________ to almost all the Chinese people. This accounts for the fact that the average life expectancy of all the Chinese has already risen to 75.
A．accessible B．abundant C．accurate D．attractive
22．（2022·天津市新华中学高三阶段练习）— You don’t see the professor from Singapore quite often, do you
—No, we only meet ______.
A．eventually B．consistently C．frequently D．occasionally
23．（2022·天津·耀华中学高三阶段练习）—The test results are terrible. Is it too difficult for the students
—Not really. Some students lost marks________ because they didn’t read the question properly.
A．automatically B．hardly C．deliberately D．simply
24．（2022·广东·执信中学高三阶段练习）Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, ______, have its own problem.
A．therefore B．however C．moreover D．otherwise
25．（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨三中高三阶段练习）Wash your hands ________ with hot soapy water before handling any food.
A．thoroughly B．purely C．immensely D．permanently
26．（2022·天津·南开中学高三阶段练习）The percentage of students majoring in arts has increased _________ from 8% to 37% in the past two years.
A．gradually B．slightly C．dramatically D．particularly
27．（2022·天津市双菱中学高三阶段练习）There’s little chance that we will be successful in trying to change the present situation. ________, it is vital that we try our best.
A．Meanwhile B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Nevertheless
28．（2022·天津河西·三模）The girl stood looking round in all directions with her luggage in her hands, but ________ no one had come to meet her.
A．barely B．entirely C．precisely D．apparently
29．（2022·天津·高三专题练习）Several years ago, I had a manager who________ changed his mind about what he wanted.
A．strangely B．constantly C．actually D．ultimately
30．（2022·天津和平·三模）There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. ________ , it is important that we try.
A．Meanwhile B．Therefore C．Besides D．Nevertheless
二、语篇语法填空
（一）
（2021·浙江）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier ____30____ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ____31____ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a ____32____ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ____33____ (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ____34____ 2. 1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain ____35____ (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ____36____ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed ____37____(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people ____38____ (live) in the countryside, including ____39____ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
（二）
（2021·全国）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___40___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___41___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___42___ （marry）ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much ___43___ （small）than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home ___44___ （paint）white.” It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ___45___ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, ___46___ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___47___ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
___48___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ____49____ （sell）most of their furniture.
（三）
（2022·全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___50___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___51___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___52___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___53___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___54___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___55___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___56___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
___57___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___58___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____59_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
（四）
（2022·全国甲卷）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___60___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___61___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___62___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___63___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___64___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___65___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao ___66___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___67___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___68___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____69____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
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（2022·全国）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___70___ (cover)an area about three times ___71___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___72___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___73___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___74___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___75___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___76___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___77___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___78___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____79_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
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