中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake
单元小结
【精讲精练】
要点1 how many 和how much
how many…与how much…
how many和how much都用来对“数量”进行提问，意为“多少”，前者主要用来对可数名词进行提问，后接可数名词复数形式；后者主要用来对不可数名词进行提问，后接不可数名词。另外，how much还可以直接用于询问价格。例如：
－How many books are there on the desk 桌上有几本书？ －There are five. 有五本。
－How many weeks are there in a year 一年有多少个星期？ －There are fifty-two. 有五十二个。
－How much is your schoolbag 你的书包多少钱？ －It’s 100 yuan. 一百元。
－How much milk is there in the bottle 瓶子里有多少牛奶？ －There is only a little. 只有一点儿。【注意】
how much对价格提问，后接be动词时，be动词是单数形式还是复数形式，取决于be之后的名词。例如：
－How much are the bananas 这些香蕉多少钱？ －Two yuan a kilo. 两元一公斤。
－How much is the dictionary 这本字典多少钱？ －Forty yuan. 四十元。
【典例分析】
1.There are twenty girls in my class.（划线提问）
________ _________ girls are there in your class
2.__________ _______ milk do you want 你要多少牛奶？
3.______ _______ _______ the shoes 这鞋子多少钱？
4.—________apples are there in the basket
—Six.
A. How old B. How much C. How many D. How
5. — is the bike？
— Only 150 yuan.
A. How much B. How many C. How long D. How often
6. — _______ juice do we need
—Four bottles.
A. How much B. How many C. How old D. How heavy
7. —______ is the price of the two pairs of shoes
—_______ _______ 100 yuan.
A. What, It is B. How much, It's C. What, They are D. How much, They are
8. I want to make a banana shake. Please tell me, ______ milk do I need, and ______ bananas do I need
A. how much; how much B. how many; how many
C. how much; how many D. how many; how much
要点2 add
add作动词，意为“加，增加”，常用以下结构：
（1）add… to… 意为“把……加到……”，例如：
Don’t add fuel to the flames. 别再火上浇油了。
（2）add to表示“增加；增添”,其中to是介词,后接名词或代词。例如：
Each girl present at the party was wearing a flower in the hair, which added to their beauty.
参加晚会的姑娘人人头上都戴有一朵花,使得她们显得愈加漂亮。
（3）add up 意为“把……加起来”。例如：
Add up all the numbers and you will see how much you owe me.
把所有的数字加起来看看你欠我多少。
（4）add up to 意为“总计；加起来结果是”。例如：
All the numbers add up to exactly 900. 所有数加起来一共900.
【典例分析】
1.如果你认为这咖啡太浓，就加点儿热水。
________ some hot water ________ the coffee if you think it is much too strong.
2. If more salt______ to the soup, it will taste better
A. is added B. will be added C. will add D. Adds
3.Please ________ all the figures to see how much they ________.
A. add; add up B. add up; add up to C. add up; add up D. add; add to
4. He. _________ some sugar _________ the coffee.
A. put；at B. added；to C. added；with D. added；/
要点3 turn on
turn on是动副短语，意为“打开”，反义词为turn off，意为“关闭”。例如：
Please turn on the radio. 请打开收音机。
Please turn off the light. 请关灯。
【拓展】
（1）在英语中，由“动词 + 副词”构成的短语动词的宾语如果是代词，只能放在动词与副词之间；如果是名词，既可以放在它们之间，也可以放在副词之后。turn与off; on; up; down; over搭配均是动副结构。例如：
Please turn the tap off. Don’t turn it on. 请把水龙头关掉，别打开。
Turn on the computer. = Turn the computer on. 打开电脑。
（2）turn on与open的辨析：
turn on通常指打开水龙头、煤气或电灯、电视等电器的开关，其对应词为turn off。
open指把关着或封着的门、窗、箱子、盒子等打开，其对应词为close。例如：
I want to watch the football match. Please turn on the TV.
我想看足球比赛，请把电视打开。
Please open the door for me. 请为我开门。
（3）与turn相关的短语：
turn up (把音量)调大，调高 turn down (把音量)调小，调低
turn in 上交 turn into使成为；翻译成 turn out关；熄灭（灯、煤气等）
turn to转向 turn over翻转
【典例分析】
1.He (打开) the computer and begins to do his home work.
Please (打开) the door and let the boy come in.
2. ---- Sara, __________ the TV right now. It’s time to go to bed.
---- Oh, Mum, this is my favourite programme!
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down
3. How noisy it is! Could you please ____ the CD player a little
A. turn off B. turn down C. turn on D. turn up
4 别担心! 我已经关灯了.
Don't worry! I have _______ _______ the lights.
5. Mum wants to watch the CCTV news. Let’s __________ the TV.
A. turn down B. turn off C. turn to D. turn on
6. I want to use the computer. Can you
A. turn on it B. turn it on C. turn it off D. turn off it
7.Don’t forget to_________ the lights when they are not in use!
A. turn over B. turn off C. turn up D. turn on
8. I love this song by Lady Gaga. Would you ________ the TV a bit, please I can't hear it clearly.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down
要点4 cut up
cut up意为“切碎”，其同义词组为cut into pieces。cut up后跟代词作宾语时，代词应放在cut和up之间；接名词作宾语时，名词通常放在up后。例如：
cut it(them) up 把它（它们）切碎 cut up the apple 把那个苹果切碎
【拓展】
cut意为“切；割”，其过去式和过去分词均为cut，现在分词为cutting。
常见搭配：
cut grass 割草 cut one’s finger割伤某人的手指 cut hair 剪发 cut a cake切蛋糕
相关短语：
辨析：cut off / cut down / cut in / cut out
词汇 例句
cut off 切断，剪断 They have cut off the water/electricity/gas supply.
cut down 砍倒，减少 If you cut down all the trees, you will ruin the land.
cut in 插嘴 She always cut in when other people are talking.
cut out 切去，切除 The cancerous cells had to be cut out.
【典例分析】
1、完成句子
1）我已经决定减少吸烟。
I have decided to _____ my smoking.
2）他们由于欠话费被停机。
They were ______ for not paying their phone bill.
3）我们谈话时她老是插嘴
She kept _______ on our conversation.
4）人们正在砍倒太多的树木。
People are__________ too many trees.
2. —I heard that Paul hurt himself badly in the earthquake.
—Yes. The doctor had to his right leg to save him.
A. cut up B. cut out C. cut off D. cut down
3 We must cut ______ the tomatoes and put them _______ the blender.
A．off; in B．up; into C．down; into D．over; in
要点5 by +sth./doing :
Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big meal.
by +sth./doing :
以…...方式 I study English by listening to English songs.
by：① “在……的旁边”，表示位置，=near，beside 。
There is an old house by the lake. 在湖旁有一座老房子。
② “从……的旁边经过路过”，表示移动方向。
An old friend passed by me without stopping.一位老朋友从我身边经过，没有停留。
③ “不迟于，在……之前”，
You must finish the work by Friday.
④ “ 通过，用”,表示方法手段。如：
I learn English by listening to the radio. 我通过听收音机学英语。
⑤ “被，由，受”，用于被动语态。如：
The cake is eaten by the boy. 这块蛋糕被那个小男孩吃了。
【典例分析】
一、指出下列各句‘by’的用法
1.There is a house by the river.
2.An old friend passed by me without stopping.
3.You must finish this work by Friday
4.I learn English by listening to the radio.
5.The cake was eaten by that little boy
要点6 finally
finally是副词，多修饰动态动词，位置较灵活，可位于句中、句首或句尾，位于句中时，要放在be动词、助动词和情态动词之后，行为动词之前。例如：
They finally found the lost child. 他们终于找到了丢失的孩子。
He worked out the math problem finally. 他终于解出了那道数学题。
【拓展】
finally; at last和in the end的辨析：
finally强调在列举论点时，引出最后一个内容，有表示盼望已久的事情终于实现了的含义。侧重最后的结果。例如：
They talked about it for hours, finally they decided not to go.
他们为此讨论了几个小时，最后决定不去了。
at last强调经过曲折后才达到目的。表示期待的感情更为强烈。侧重指先后顺序，并且在句中的位置较为灵活。例如：
When they found him at last, he was almost dead. 当他们最终找到他时，他几乎死过去了。
in the end在强调经过许多变化、困难之后才达到目的时，与at last的用法一样，且位置较为灵活。但在表示对将来的结局表示预测时，只能用in the end。例如：
He tried many different jobs, and in the end he became a postman.
他做过许多工作，最后当了一名邮递员。
finally, at last, in the end
finally 表示某一动作的顺序是在最后，无感彩，用于过去时，它在句中的位置以在句首时为多
at last 往往表示经过一番努力或曲折的过程，常常带有较浓厚的感彩，也可用来表示：等候或耽误了很多时间之后才......语气比较强烈。
in the end 表示经过许多变化、困难或捉摸不定的情况后，某时才发生，有时可与finally互相换用
【典例分析】
完成句子
1.最后，后他们完成了这项工作
__________ they finished the work.
2.最后，工作完成了，他可以休息了。
_________ __________the work was done and he could rest.
3.他尝试了很多次，最后成功了
He tried several times, and ___________ _________ __________ he succeeded.
4. In the end we found his sister behind the door.（改为同义句）
_______________ ______________ we found his sister behind the door.
5. We usually have a final exam ______________________ June every year.
A. in the end of B. at the end of C. by the end of D. to the end of
要点7 fill
fill表示“装满，填满”，可用作及物和不及物动词，通常与介词 with 连用。
Everything is filled with new life. 万物充满了生气。
He filled the glass with water. 他把杯子装满了水。
【拓展】
full 作为形容词，意为“充满的”。例如：
Please tell me the full story. 请将全部情况告诉我。
The train was traveling at full speed. 火车正全速前进。
be full of 意为“充满……的”。例如：
The room is full of young people. 房间里全是年轻人。
【典例分析】
1.—The box is too heavy to carry. What’s in it —Oh, it is _______books.
A. filled with B. covered with C. used for D. asked for
2.It is raining hard. The pool ______ water.
A.is filled of B. is full with C. is filled with D. is fulled of
3.正如习总书记所说：“只要我们撸起袖子加油干，中国梦就一定会实现”
As president Xi says ,“If we are ___________ energies to do everything ,China Dream is sure to come true .”
4. —Can I fill the box ________ my model cars
—I'm afraid not. It's full ________ my school things.
A. with; with B. of; of C. of; with D. with; of
5. Don't ________ your glass too ________.
A. fill；full B. fill；filled C. full；full D. full；filled
要点8 let
let的用法
let意为“让，允许”， 表示 “让（允许）某人做某事”应该说“let somebody do something”，不能说“let somebody to do something”。如：
Let me help you. 让我帮助你。
His mother doesn’t let him go out at night. 他母亲不让他晚上出去。
“Let’s…”是表示建议或请求的祈使句句型，“Let’s”是“Let us”的缩写形式。
例如：Let’s go to school. 咱们上学吧。
Let’s play basketball after school. 咱们放学后打篮球吧。
拓展：Let’s 与Let us在用法上略有区别
在表示向对方提出建议，涉及双方的共同行为时，“Let us”可以缩写成“Let’s”；而表示请求对方允许做某事，不涉及对方行为时，“Let us”不能缩写成“Let’s”。
例如：Let’s (=Let us) play sports. 咱们做运动吧。
Let us know your telephone number. 请把你的电话号码告诉我们。
（Let us 不能缩写成Let’s）
注意：
以“Let’s”开头的句子改为反意疑问句的时候，后面的附加疑问句用“shall we？”，因为Let’s是把说话人包含在内了；以“Let us”开头的句子改为反意疑问句的时候，后面的附加疑问句用“will you ”， 因为“Let us”没有把说话人包含在内。
【典例分析】
1. — Let’s _______. — OK.
A. to play basketball B. to play the basketball
C. play basketball D. play the basketball
2. —Let's watch TV.
—______.
A. Sorry，I don't B. That's a good idea C. Yes，I do D. No，I don't
3.—Let’s watch a basketball game.
—________.
A.I see B. You’re welcome C. That sounds good D. Nice to see you
4.My grandpa always us sports.
A. let; play B. lets; play C. lets; plays D. let; plays
要点9
forget to do sth. 忘记（去）做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事。
【拓展】
（1）remember to do sth.表示“记得要做某事”，事情还没有做。例如：
Remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时记得关灯。
（2）remember doing sth.表示“记得曾经做过某事”，事情已经做过了。例如：
He remembered going to Shanghai with his parents when he was five years old.
他记得五岁时曾经和父母去过上海。
【典例分析】
1.Tina is busy ____ at school, but she never forgets _____ her mother every day.
A. work; to call B. working; to call C. working; calling
2.I forgot _________(borrow) some money from you last week, I’m so sorry.
3.—Do you still remember ________ Yao Ming in Beijing
—Yes, of course, three years ago.
A. to meet B. meeting
C. meet D. met
4 —Will she forget ______ dinner for us
—No, she won’t.
A.cooks B.to cook C.cooking D.cooked
5 —Why do you mention this again
—Oh, dear, I forgot ______ you about that before.
A.telling B.told C.to tell D.to telling
要点10
It’s a time （for sb）. to do sth. 该是（某人）做某事的时期了
It’s time （for sb.）to do sth. =It’s time for sth. 该是（某人）做某事的时间了。
It’s a time for you to study English.
It’s time for us to go to school.(It’s time for school.)
要点11 celebrate
celebrate的用法
（1）作为动词，意为“庆祝”，后常接birthday【生日】,festival【节日】,success【成功】等词汇。
Let’s celebrate the New Year by having a big party.
让我们举办一个盛大的聚会来迎接新年吧。
（2）其名词为celebration,意为“庆祝（活动）；庆典等”。
The foreign friends enjoyed the celebration during the Spring Festival.
这些外国朋友们非常喜欢春节期间的庆祝活动。
【典例分析】
1.—What are they doing
—They are (庆祝) Christmas.
2 —How do most people ________ the Dragon Boat Festival(端午节)
—Most of the young people like watching the dragon boat racing.
A. report B. celebrate C. choose D. expect
要点12
serve v. 服务 n. service
serve +名/代 “提供…” The shop serves nice food.
serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. Serve it to your friends with some vegetables.
serve sb. with sth. “用某物招待某人” Serve the guests with some tea.
【典例分析】
1. —Did you follow the “Eat-up” Campaign (光盘行动) this lunch
—Of course. The restaurant ________ delicious food to us.
A. took B. kept C. bought D. served
要点13 on special holiday /on the fourth Thursday
on 表时间
介词on表时间时，用在具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上前
We have no classes on Sunday. 星期日我们没有课
It happened on the morning of the fifteenth. 事情发生在15日的上午
We met Mr. Smith on a warm morning. 我们在一个温暖的早上遇见了史密斯先生
in表时间
介词in常用在表示年、月、季节、世纪的名词前，还可用于上午、下午、晚上等固定短语中
in 2012 在2012年
in September 在9月
in spring/summer/autumn/winter 在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天
in the 20th century 在20世纪
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上
● 6.At three this afternoon. 今天下午3点钟
at表时间
介词at常用在表示时刻的名词前
I usually play basketball at six o’clock in the afternoon. 我通常在下午6点钟打篮球
I have lunch at twelve o’clock at school. 我中午12点学校吃午饭
知识拓展
at 构成的短语
at night 在晚上
at noon 在中午
at Christmas 在圣诞节
【易混辨析】on, in与at
on 用在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上前 on Saturday morning 在周六上午
in 用在世纪、年份、季节、月份，上午、下午或晚上前 in December 在12月in the evening 在晚上in 2012 在2012年
at 用来表示在某个时间点、某一时刻或年龄 at six o’clock 在6点at the age of 25 在25岁
【典例分析】
1、用介词at，in或者是on填空。
1） The students go to school _______the morning.
2.）We don’t have lessons _______Saturday or Sunday.
3） I often go home _____five in the afternoon.
4）He gets up _____half past six every morning.
5） My friends are busy, and they finish school ______ 7:10 _____the evening.
6）Lily’s birthday is ___ April 11.
7）My birthday is ___ March. What about you
8）He gets a lot of gifts ___ Christmas Day.
2. The art festival is May and School Day is June 3rd.
A. in; on B. in; at C. on; / D. on; on
3.________ the afternoon of June 2nd, many foreigners arrived ________ Shanghai.
A. In；at B. On；to C. In；in D. On；in
4. ________ Monday the second class is English. It's ________ 8：55.
A. On；at B. At；on C. On；on D. At；at
5.Do you have time ________ the afternoon of Monday？
A. in B. at C. on D. for
6. ---When is Thanksgiving Day
---It’s _______ the fourth Thursday _______ November.
A. at; of B. on; in C. in; on D. on; at
要点14 need
need此处作实意动词， 意为“需要”， 后面可以跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。
【归纳】
need sth. 需要某物
need to do sth. 需要做某事
例：I need an eraser. 我需要一块橡皮。
I need to do my homework. 我需要做家庭作业。
知识拓展
need也可用作情态动词，意为“需要”，此时need没有人称和的变化，其后跟动词时要用动词原形， 变否定句时要在need后加上not； 变疑问句时， 要把need提到主语前.
例：You needn’t do it again. 你不需要再做一遍了，
Need he do his homework first 他需要先做他的家庭作业吗
【典例分析】
1.He ________ any help. He can do it all by himself.
A. needs not B. needn’t C. doesn’t need D. doesn’t need to ask
2. —What ________ you _______
—Some balloons.
A. do…need to buy B. need…to buy C. do…need buy D. need…buying
3. She a cup of coffee.
A. need B. needn’t C. needs D. doesn’t need to
要点15
辨析：a few & few & a little & little（高频考题）
a few “一些；几个”，修饰可数名词复数，表示肯定意义。 There are a few apples in the box.盒子里有几个苹果。There are few apples in the box. 盒子里没几个苹果。
few “几个；很少”，修饰可数名词复数，表示否定意义。
a little “一点；一些”，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义。 There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。There is little water in the glass.杯子里几乎没有水。
little “一点；很少”，修饰不可数名词，表示否定意义。
【典例分析】
一、选用few a few little a little 填空
1. Please hurry up. There is _________ time left.
2. Please don’t worry. There is still _________ time left.
3. The box is very heavy. And ___________of us can lift it.
4. There is __________ink in my pen, Please give me____________.
5. Simon makes __________ friends in his class because he is very selfish and dishonest.
6.There is _________food in the cupboard. I must go and get some.
7.The question is difficult and ____________ students can answer it.
8.The question is difficult but ____________ students can answer it.
9.You should walk __________faster.
10 There are a lot of new books, but____________ of them are easy to read.
二、单项选择
11. Mike did very well in this math exam and he made ______ mistakes in it.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
12. —Hurry up! The movie is beginning.
—Don’t worry. There is still ______ time left
A. little B. a little C. a few D. few
13.—Is your friend Michael still in Australia
—I don't know. I have ________ information about him because we haven't seen each other for _______ years.
A. a little；a few B. little；a few C. a few；a little D. few；a little
14.The man has _______ friends in this city，so he often stays at home.
A. a few B. few C. little D. a little
要点16 enjoy
enjoy的用法
（1） 作为动词，意为“喜爱；享受……的乐趣”。常用于：
①enjoy doing sth. 意为“喜欢做某事；享受做某事的乐趣”。
The little boy enjoys reading books very much. 那个小男孩儿非常喜爱读书。
②enjoy oneself 意为“玩得开心；过得愉快”，其同义短语为have fun, have a good time。
We enjoyed ourselves in the swimming pool yesterday.
我们昨天在游泳池里玩得很开心。
拓展：
只接v.－ing形式作宾语的动词：喜欢（enjoy），思念（miss），介意（mind）；完成（finish），练习（practise），放弃（give up）。
【典例分析】
1.We had a school trip last week and we enjoyed ________.
A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves
2.When President Xi Jinping has spare time, he enjoys ________ and sports.
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
3.My parents enjoy________ for a walk after supper.
A. go B. goes C. going D. to go
要点16 pour
pour ….into…
pour…into…意为“把……倒进……里”，意义相当于put…into…，但pour …into…通常强调倾倒液体；而put…into…既可以放液体，也可以放固体。例如：
He poured the milk into the cup. 他把牛奶倒进杯子里。
You must put them into the blender. 你得把他们放进搅拌器里。
【拓展】
1）pour意为“倾倒；灌；浇”。例如：
Please pour me a cup of tea. / Please pour a cup of tea for me. 请给我倒杯茶。
pour也有“（雨）倾盆而下，下大雨”的意思。例如：
It never rains but it pours. （谚）屋漏偏遭连阴雨。/ 一波未平，一波又起。
2）in和into的区别：
in和into都可表示“在（到）……里面”，有时可以互换，但侧重点不同。in是表示物体位置的静态介词；into是表示动作方向的动态介词，常与表示动作的动词，如come; go; run; rush等连用；当与put; fall; throw等动词连用时，二者可以互换。类似的词有on和onto。例如：
I found him in the classroom. 我在教室里找到了他。
Please help me carry the books into the classroom. 请帮我把这些书搬到教室里去。
【重点词组】
1.turn on接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开
turn off 关上
turn up旋大（灯火等），开大（煤气等）调高（声音等），
turn down 把（灯火、电器等）关小一点;拒绝
2.pour…into…把……倒入……
3 a good idea好主意
4.cut up切碎
cut sth into pieces把某物切成碎片
5.put…into…把……放入……
6.one more thing还有一件事
7.a piece of一片/张/段/首…
…two pieces of bread 两片面包
8. fill A with B用B把A装满
9.cover A with B用 B 覆盖A
10.one by one一个接一个；逐个；依次
11.mix it all up 将它们混合在一起了
mix A with B 把AB 混合
12.another 10 minutes另外10分钟
13.take out a book from the library从书店拿出一本书
14.on special holidays在特殊的节日里
15. at a very high temperature在很高的温度下
【重点句式】
1 Can you make a banana milk shake Of course. First , peel two bananas, then cut them up and put them in the blender. Next, pour some yogurt into the blender . Finally, turn on the machine.
你会做一份香蕉奶昔吗？当然啦。首先，剥两根香蕉，然后把他们切碎，放到搅拌机里，接着倒一些酸奶到搅拌机里，最后，打开搅拌机。
2 Can you tell me how to make fruit salad
你能告诉我怎么做水果沙拉吗？
3 I want to make Russian Soup for the party on Saturday.
我想为周六的聚会做罗宋汤
4 Don't forget to add salt to the noodles.
别忘了往面条里加点盐
5 cook it for 3 to 5 minutes
煮3到5分钟
6 put some butter on a piece of bread, and put another piece on top.
往面包师上抹点黄油，让后把另一片面包放在顶部
6 they dug a hole and planted a little tree.
他们挖了一个洞，然后栽上了一颗小树
7 fill the glass with water and pass it to me.
把杯子里装满水，然后递给我
8 Thanksgiving is on the fourth Thursday in November in the US.
感恩节在每十一月的第四个周四
9 People usually celebrate it by having a big meal with family.
人们通过和家人在家吃大餐来庆祝它。
10 Sandwiches are my favourite food.
三明治是我最爱的食物。
（一）可数名词和不可数名词的用法区别
（1）可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，而不可数名词没有复数形式。
（2）不定冠词a/an、基数词可直接修饰可数名词，表示数量 而不可数名词在表示数量时, 则用“冠词/基数词+表示计量单位的名词+of+不可数名词”。
（3）可数名词复数前可用many, some, any, few, a few, a lot of, lots of等修饰；不可数名词 前可用much, some, any, little, a little, a lot of, lots of等修饰。
（4）可数名词作主语时，谓语动词与主语的单复数保持一致，不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式
（5） 提问可数名词的数量用how many，提问不可数名词的数量用how much。
1 名词复数的规则变化：
(1) 一般情况下在词尾加-s。如：book → books, chair → chairs
(2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词，在词尾加-es。如：
class → classes, box → boxes
(3) 以f或fe结尾的名词，先将f或fe变为v，再加-es。如：
shelf → shelves, wife → wives
(4) 以o结尾的名词，词尾加-es或-s。如：
tomato → tomatoes, photo → photos
(5) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，先将y改为i，再加-es。如：
baby → babies, factory → factories
2 名词复数的不规则变化：
(1) 元音字母发生变化。如：
man → men, woman → women, foot → feet,
tooth → teeth, mouse → mice, goose → geese
(2) 单、复数形式相同。如：deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese
(3) 词尾发生变化。如：child → children
(4) 有些名词只有复数形式。如：clothes, trousers, people
(5) man, woman修饰其他名词时，单复数要与被修饰的名词保持一
致。如：a man doctor → men doctors
【典例分析】
一、将可数名词和不可数名词分类，填入对应的位置：
apple, bread, coffee, egg, juice, milk, potato, advice, tomato, tea, desk, guitar, tree, bus, weather, information
可数名词：________________________________________________________________ ______________
不可数名词：___________________________________________________________________________
二、用单词的适当形式填空
1. How many do you have (dictionary)
2. She likes eating noodles very much and she doesn’t add too much salt to them. (tomato)
3. There is a by the river and there are many on the hill. (sheep)
4. Linda bought two in the supermarket last night. (knife)
5. These watches were made by . (German)
6. is my favorite color and I also like eating best. (orange)
7. No matter what time we are getting through, (hero) are always around us.
8. My aunt's baby has four (tooth) now.
9. Let life be beautiful like summer flowers and death like autumn (leaf).
10. I have some (photo) that I took in Australia last year.
三、用how many或how much填空
1. ______________ cheese do you want
2. ______________ onions does your mother buy
3. ______________ tomatoes are there on the plate
4. ______________ yogurt do you need for your banana milk shake
5. _____________ bottles of juice do you have
6. are the tomatoes Five yuan a kilo.
7. chicken do you want
8. ____________orange do you want
（二）祈使句
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。
一、祈使句的肯定句式：一般分为以下四种类型：
（1）实义动词＋其他成分。
Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。
（2）Be动词＋其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）。
Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。
（3）Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分。
Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。
（4）无动词祈使句。
This way，please！请这边走！ Just a minute，please！请稍等片刻！
二、祈使句的否定句式
祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在动词原形前加上don't或never，一般分为以下三种类型：
（1）在肯定祈使句的动词原形前加don't，构成“Don't＋动词原形＋其他成分”。
Don't say that again！别再那样说了！
（2）let引导的祈使句的否定形式有两种：
① 以let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，在let前加don't。
Don't let me go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。
② 以let's开头的祈使句，必须在let's后加not。
Let's not play computer games from now on.从现在开始，我们不玩电脑游戏了吧。
（3）在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用
“No＋名词/动词的 ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。
NO PHOTOS！禁止拍照！
【典例分析】
1.Tom, ________ afraid of speaking out your ideas.
A. don't B. not C. not be D. don't be
2.Don't run in the hallways and________ arrive late for class.
A. not to B. won't C. don't D. no
3. ________ kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nice place to live in.
A．Be B．Being C．To be D．Been
介绍你最喜欢的食物及制作方法
【写作任务】 (Section B 3c)
某英文杂志新设栏目《在线烹饪》并公开征集稿件，内容主要是介绍你最喜欢的食物及制作方法。假如你最喜欢的食物是蛋炒饭，请写一篇短文向该杂志投稿。
【思路点拨】
1. 定基调
体裁：说明文
时态：一般现在时
人称：第二人称
2. 谋布局、写句子
3. 巧衔接
本文主要描述蛋炒饭的制作过程，所以可以用first, next, then, finally等表示顺序的词来连接各步骤，使文章过渡自然，富有逻辑。
4. 成篇章
Hello, my favorite food is rice fried with eggs. Here I will tell you how to make it.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
知识要点二：语法
知识要点三：书面表达
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" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake
单元小结
【精讲精练】
要点1 how many 和how much
how many…与how much…
how many和how much都用来对“数量”进行提问，意为“多少”，前者主要用来对可数名词进行提问，后接可数名词复数形式；后者主要用来对不可数名词进行提问，后接不可数名词。另外，how much还可以直接用于询问价格。例如：
－How many books are there on the desk 桌上有几本书？ －There are five. 有五本。
－How many weeks are there in a year 一年有多少个星期？ －There are fifty-two. 有五十二个。
－How much is your schoolbag 你的书包多少钱？ －It’s 100 yuan. 一百元。
－How much milk is there in the bottle 瓶子里有多少牛奶？ －There is only a little. 只有一点儿。【注意】
how much对价格提问，后接be动词时，be动词是单数形式还是复数形式，取决于be之后的名词。例如：
－How much are the bananas 这些香蕉多少钱？ －Two yuan a kilo. 两元一公斤。
－How much is the dictionary 这本字典多少钱？ －Forty yuan. 四十元。
【典例分析】
1.There are twenty girls in my class.（划线提问）
________ _________ girls are there in your class
【答案】How many 后面接可数名词。
2.__________ _______ milk do you want 你要多少牛奶？
【答案】How much 后接不可数名词。milk 不可数。
3.______ _______ _______ the shoes 这鞋子多少钱？
【答案】How much are 多少钱。
4.—________apples are there in the basket
—Six.
A. How old B. How much C. How many D. How
【答案】C句意：——在篮子里有多少苹果？——6个。apples是名词复数，how many提问名词复数的量，多少，故选C。
5. — is the bike？
— Only 150 yuan.
A. How much B. How many C. How long D. How often
【答案】A
【解析】句意：—这辆自行车多少钱？——仅售150元。
A. How much 多少钱；多少，后接不可数名词；B. How many多少，后接可数名词复数；C. How long多长时间； D. How often多久一次。根据答语“Only 150 yuan. 仅售150元。”可知，上句是询问“这辆自行车多少钱 ”故选A。
6. — _______ juice do we need
—Four bottles.
A. How much B. How many C. How old D. How heavy
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：——我们需要多少果汁？——四瓶。
考查疑问词短语辨析。How much多少，对不可数名词或价格提问；How many多少，后接可数名词复数；How old多大，询问年龄；How heavy多重，询问重量。juice是不可数名词，应用how much提问。故选A。7. —______ is the price of the two pairs of shoes
—_______ _______ 100 yuan.
A. What, It is B. How much, It's C. What, They are D. How much, They are
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——这两双鞋的价格是多少 ——100元。
考查特殊疑问词及代词辨析。根据答语“100 yuan”可知是对价格的询问，询问价格，句中含有“the price”，因此用固定句型“What is the price of… ”来提问，排除B、D选项；又因第二句用“the price of the two pairs of shoes”做主语，代替the price应该用it，故选A。
8. I want to make a banana shake. Please tell me, ______ milk do I need, and ______ bananas do I need
A. how much; how much B. how many; how many
C. how much; how many D. how many; how much
【答案】C
【解析】how much 修饰不可数名词，how many 修饰可数名词，milk为不可数名词，banana为可数名词。
要点2 add
add作动词，意为“加，增加”，常用以下结构：
（1）add… to… 意为“把……加到……”，例如：
Don’t add fuel to the flames. 别再火上浇油了。
（2）add to表示“增加；增添”,其中to是介词,后接名词或代词。例如：
Each girl present at the party was wearing a flower in the hair, which added to their beauty.
参加晚会的姑娘人人头上都戴有一朵花,使得她们显得愈加漂亮。
（3）add up 意为“把……加起来”。例如：
Add up all the numbers and you will see how much you owe me.
把所有的数字加起来看看你欠我多少。
（4）add up to 意为“总计；加起来结果是”。例如：
All the numbers add up to exactly 900. 所有数加起来一共900.
【典例分析】
1.如果你认为这咖啡太浓，就加点儿热水。
________ some hot water ________ the coffee if you think it is much too strong.
【答案】Add to
2. If more salt______ to the soup, it will taste better
A. is added B. will be added C. will add D. Adds
【答案】A
【解析】句意：如果汤里再多加点盐尝起来会更好。根据句意及题干分析此题应用被动语态，其基本结构是be+动词的过去分词，根据主将从现原则，if从句中应用一般现在时态，故选A。
3.Please ________ all the figures to see how much they ________.
A. add; add up B. add up; add up to C. add up; add up D. add; add to
【答案】B
【解析】句意“请把数字全部加起来，看看合计有多少”。add填加；add up加起来；add up to合计。根据句意，故选B。
4. He. _________ some sugar _________ the coffee.
A. put；at B. added；to C. added；with D. added；/
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他向咖啡里加了一些糖。
put…in…意为“把……放入……”；add…to…意为“向……里加……”；根据句意及固定搭配，故选B。
要点3 turn on
turn on是动副短语，意为“打开”，反义词为turn off，意为“关闭”。例如：
Please turn on the radio. 请打开收音机。
Please turn off the light. 请关灯。
【拓展】
（1）在英语中，由“动词 + 副词”构成的短语动词的宾语如果是代词，只能放在动词与副词之间；如果是名词，既可以放在它们之间，也可以放在副词之后。turn与off; on; up; down; over搭配均是动副结构。例如：
Please turn the tap off. Don’t turn it on. 请把水龙头关掉，别打开。
Turn on the computer. = Turn the computer on. 打开电脑。
（2）turn on与open的辨析：
turn on通常指打开水龙头、煤气或电灯、电视等电器的开关，其对应词为turn off。
open指把关着或封着的门、窗、箱子、盒子等打开，其对应词为close。例如：
I want to watch the football match. Please turn on the TV.
我想看足球比赛，请把电视打开。
Please open the door for me. 请为我开门。
（3）与turn相关的短语：
turn up (把音量)调大，调高 turn down (把音量)调小，调低
turn in 上交 turn into使成为；翻译成 turn out关；熄灭（灯、煤气等）
turn to转向 turn over翻转
【典例分析】
1.He (打开) the computer and begins to do his home work.
Please (打开) the door and let the boy come in.
【答案】1.turn on 2.open
2. ---- Sara, __________ the TV right now. It’s time to go to bed.
---- Oh, Mum, this is my favourite programme!
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down
【答案】B
【解析】A. turn on打开（电器等） B. turn off 关上 C. turn up将（声音）调大 D. turn down将（声音）调小。句意：在关掉电视。该睡觉了。----哦，妈妈，这是我最喜欢的节目！故答案选B。
3. How noisy it is! Could you please ____ the CD player a little
A. turn off B. turn down C. turn on D. turn up
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意选B。turn down(把……调低)。
4 别担心! 我已经关灯了.
Don't worry! I have _______ _______ the lights.
【解析】turn off
5. Mum wants to watch the CCTV news. Let’s __________ the TV.
A. turn down B. turn off C. turn to D. turn on
【答案】D
【解析】句意“妈妈想看央视新闻。我们打开电视吧”。A.声音调低；拒绝；B.关闭；C.转向；D.打开。根据句意，故选D。
6. I want to use the computer. Can you
A. turn on it B. turn it on C. turn it off D. turn off it
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查动词词组辨析。句意: 我想用电脑, 你能把它打开吗 turn on“动词+副词”构成的短语, 意
7.Don’t forget to_________ the lights when they are not in use!
A. turn over B. turn off C. turn up D. turn on
【答案】B
【解析】句意“当你不使用灯时，不要忘记关掉他们”。A.移交；B.关闭；C.出现；D.打开。根据句意可知，不用灯时要关灯，故选B。
8. I love this song by Lady Gaga. Would you ________ the TV a bit, please I can't hear it clearly.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析；A. turn on 打开； B. turn off 关掉； C. turn up调大； D. turn down调小；句意：我极爱Lady Gaga的这首歌。请你把电视调小一点，好吗？我听不清楚。根据句意，故选D。
要点4 cut up
cut up意为“切碎”，其同义词组为cut into pieces。cut up后跟代词作宾语时，代词应放在cut和up之间；接名词作宾语时，名词通常放在up后。例如：
cut it(them) up 把它（它们）切碎 cut up the apple 把那个苹果切碎
【拓展】
cut意为“切；割”，其过去式和过去分词均为cut，现在分词为cutting。
常见搭配：
cut grass 割草 cut one’s finger割伤某人的手指 cut hair 剪发 cut a cake切蛋糕
相关短语：
辨析：cut off / cut down / cut in / cut out
词汇 例句
cut off 切断，剪断 They have cut off the water/electricity/gas supply.
cut down 砍倒，减少 If you cut down all the trees, you will ruin the land.
cut in 插嘴 She always cut in when other people are talking.
cut out 切去，切除 The cancerous cells had to be cut out.
【典例分析】
1、完成句子
1）我已经决定减少吸烟。
I have decided to _____ my smoking.
2）他们由于欠话费被停机。
They were ______ for not paying their phone bill.
3）我们谈话时她老是插嘴
She kept _______ on our conversation.
4）人们正在砍倒太多的树木。
People are__________ too many trees.
【答案】cut down; cut off; cutting in，cutting down ，
2. —I heard that Paul hurt himself badly in the earthquake.
—Yes. The doctor had to his right leg to save him.
A. cut up B. cut out C. cut off D. cut down
【答案】C
【解析】cut up切碎，cut out停止，裁剪，cut off切除，cut down砍到；根据句意"是的，医生不得不切掉他的右腿来救他"可知，要填"切除"，其他选项语意不通。故选：C。
3 We must cut ______ the tomatoes and put them _______ the blender.
A．off; in B．up; into C．down; into D．over; in
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们必须把西红柿切碎，然后把它们放进搅拌器。cut off切断，cut up切碎，cut down砍下，cut over割伤。put in驶进，put into放进去。结合句意，把西红柿放进搅拌器之前，应把它们切碎，故用cut up。故选B。
要点5 by +sth./doing :
Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big meal.
by +sth./doing :
以…...方式 I study English by listening to English songs.
by：① “在……的旁边”，表示位置，=near，beside 。
There is an old house by the lake. 在湖旁有一座老房子。
② “从……的旁边经过路过”，表示移动方向。
An old friend passed by me without stopping.一位老朋友从我身边经过，没有停留。
③ “不迟于，在……之前”，
You must finish the work by Friday.
④ “ 通过，用”,表示方法手段。如：
I learn English by listening to the radio. 我通过听收音机学英语。
⑤ “被，由，受”，用于被动语态。如：
The cake is eaten by the boy. 这块蛋糕被那个小男孩吃了。
【典例分析】
一、指出下列各句‘by’的用法
1.There is a house by the river.
【答案】by介词，在旁边=beside，near
2.An old friend passed by me without stopping.
【答案】by 介词。“从……的旁边经过路过”
3.You must finish this work by Friday
【答案】by 介词。到。。。为止
4.I learn English by listening to the radio.
【答案】by介词“ 通过，用”
5.The cake was eaten by that little boy
【答案】by “被，由，受” 用于被动语态。
要点6 finally
finally是副词，多修饰动态动词，位置较灵活，可位于句中、句首或句尾，位于句中时，要放在be动词、助动词和情态动词之后，行为动词之前。例如：
They finally found the lost child. 他们终于找到了丢失的孩子。
He worked out the math problem finally. 他终于解出了那道数学题。
【拓展】
finally; at last和in the end的辨析：
finally强调在列举论点时，引出最后一个内容，有表示盼望已久的事情终于实现了的含义。侧重最后的结果。例如：
They talked about it for hours, finally they decided not to go.
他们为此讨论了几个小时，最后决定不去了。
at last强调经过曲折后才达到目的。表示期待的感情更为强烈。侧重指先后顺序，并且在句中的位置较为灵活。例如：
When they found him at last, he was almost dead. 当他们最终找到他时，他几乎死过去了。
in the end在强调经过许多变化、困难之后才达到目的时，与at last的用法一样，且位置较为灵活。但在表示对将来的结局表示预测时，只能用in the end。例如：
He tried many different jobs, and in the end he became a postman.
他做过许多工作，最后当了一名邮递员。
finally, at last, in the end
finally 表示某一动作的顺序是在最后，无感彩，用于过去时，它在句中的位置以在句首时为多
at last 往往表示经过一番努力或曲折的过程，常常带有较浓厚的感彩，也可用来表示：等候或耽误了很多时间之后才......语气比较强烈。
in the end 表示经过许多变化、困难或捉摸不定的情况后，某时才发生，有时可与finally互相换用
【典例分析】
完成句子
1.最后，后他们完成了这项工作
__________ they finished the work.
【答案】Finally
2.最后，工作完成了，他可以休息了。
_________ __________the work was done and he could rest.
【答案】At last
3.他尝试了很多次，最后成功了
He tried several times, and ___________ _________ __________ he succeeded.
【答案】In the end
4. In the end we found his sister behind the door.（改为同义句）
_______________ ______________ we found his sister behind the door.
【答案】At last 句意：最后我们在门后找到了他的妹妹。根据同义词短语：in the end最终，最后；强调时间顺序上的最后，相当于at last 或finally.
5. We usually have a final exam ______________________ June every year.
A. in the end of B. at the end of C. by the end of D. to the end of
【答案】B句意：我们通常在每一年的六月底又一次期末考试。考查易混短语辨析。根据：in the end：最终，最后；强调时间顺序上的最后，强调结果一般不与of连用。at the end：在……的末端；在……的后期；既指某一段时间的后期，也指某一地点的末端。一般与of连用。by the end：到……末时为止；强调时间概念，一般也与of连用。故选B。
要点7 fill
fill表示“装满，填满”，可用作及物和不及物动词，通常与介词 with 连用。
Everything is filled with new life. 万物充满了生气。
He filled the glass with water. 他把杯子装满了水。
【拓展】
full 作为形容词，意为“充满的”。例如：
Please tell me the full story. 请将全部情况告诉我。
The train was traveling at full speed. 火车正全速前进。
be full of 意为“充满……的”。例如：
The room is full of young people. 房间里全是年轻人。
【典例分析】
1.—The box is too heavy to carry. What’s in it —Oh, it is _______books.
A. filled with B. covered with C. used for D. asked for
【答案】A. be filled with 充满。Be covered with 被覆盖。Be used for 被用来。。。 be asked for 被。。。要求。
2.It is raining hard. The pool ______ water.
A.is filled of B. is full with C. is filled with D. is fulled of
【答案】C . be full of 和be filled with 都是固定搭配。
3.正如习总书记所说：“只要我们撸起袖子加油干，中国梦就一定会实现”
As president Xi says ,“If we are ___________ energies to do everything ,China Dream is sure to come true .”
【答案】full of /filled with
4. —Can I fill the box ________ my model cars
—I'm afraid not. It's full ________ my school things.
A. with; with B. of; of C. of; with D. with; of
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——我能用我的汽车模型装满这个盒子吗？——恐怕不行。里面装满了我的学习用品。fill …with…用……装满……；be full of充满……；故选D。
5. Don't ________ your glass too ________.
A. fill；full B. fill；filled C. full；full D. full；filled
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词及形容词的运用。根据句意可知，不要把杯子倒得太满。fill意为：填充，填满；full意为：满的，饱的；Don't后接动词原型fill；程度副词too后接形容词full。
要点8 let
let的用法
let意为“让，允许”， 表示 “让（允许）某人做某事”应该说“let somebody do something”，不能说“let somebody to do something”。如：
Let me help you. 让我帮助你。
His mother doesn’t let him go out at night. 他母亲不让他晚上出去。
“Let’s…”是表示建议或请求的祈使句句型，“Let’s”是“Let us”的缩写形式。
例如：Let’s go to school. 咱们上学吧。
Let’s play basketball after school. 咱们放学后打篮球吧。
拓展：Let’s 与Let us在用法上略有区别
在表示向对方提出建议，涉及双方的共同行为时，“Let us”可以缩写成“Let’s”；而表示请求对方允许做某事，不涉及对方行为时，“Let us”不能缩写成“Let’s”。
例如：Let’s (=Let us) play sports. 咱们做运动吧。
Let us know your telephone number. 请把你的电话号码告诉我们。
（Let us 不能缩写成Let’s）
注意：
以“Let’s”开头的句子改为反意疑问句的时候，后面的附加疑问句用“shall we？”，因为Let’s是把说话人包含在内了；以“Let us”开头的句子改为反意疑问句的时候，后面的附加疑问句用“will you ”， 因为“Let us”没有把说话人包含在内。
【典例分析】
1. — Let’s _______. — OK.
A. to play basketball B. to play the basketball
C. play basketball D. play the basketball
【答案】C
【解析】let’s后面跟动词原形，所以排除A，B，play basketball中间不能加冠词the，故选C
2. —Let's watch TV.
—______.
A. Sorry，I don't B. That's a good idea C. Yes，I do D. No，I don't
【答案】B
【解析】点拨：考查交际用语。对别人的提议或建议表示赞同或支持时，应说“Good idea.” “That's a good idea.” “OK.”等来应答。故选B项。
3.—Let’s watch a basketball game.
—________.
A.I see B. You’re welcome C. That sounds good D. Nice to see you
【答案】C
【解析】句意:“我们看一场篮球比赛吧。”“听起来不错。”“Let’s…”是表示提建议的句型,结合选项可知应该用“That sounds good.”回答。
4.My grandpa always us sports.
A. let; play B. lets; play C. lets; plays D. let; plays
【答案】B
【解析】let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”。本句主语My grandpa为第三人称单数,故谓语用lets。
要点9
forget to do sth. 忘记（去）做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事。
【拓展】
（1）remember to do sth.表示“记得要做某事”，事情还没有做。例如：
Remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时记得关灯。
（2）remember doing sth.表示“记得曾经做过某事”，事情已经做过了。例如：
He remembered going to Shanghai with his parents when he was five years old.
他记得五岁时曾经和父母去过上海。
【典例分析】
1.Tina is busy ____ at school, but she never forgets _____ her mother every day.
A. work; to call B. working; to call C. working; calling
【答案】此题用固定搭配法。be busy doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事”，forget to do sth. 意为“忘记去做某事”。
2.I forgot _________(borrow) some money from you last week, I’m so sorry.
【答案】borrowing forget doing sth.忘了做过某事。
3.—Do you still remember ________ Yao Ming in Beijing
—Yes, of course, three years ago.
A. to meet B. meeting
C. meet D. met
【答案】B句意：-你还记得在北京见过姚明吗？-是的，当然记得，是在三年前。to meet动词不定式，遇见；meeting动名词形式；meet遇见，动词原形；met遇见，是meet的过去式。句中谓语动词是remember意思是“记得”，常用于句型remember to do sth.记得去做某事（还没做）；或者remember doing sth.记得做过某事（已经做过了）。根据对话的意思可知，这里说的是三年前的事情，是做过的事情，故应选B。
4 —Will she forget ______ dinner for us
—No, she won’t.
A.cooks B.to cook C.cooking D.cooked
【答案】B 她会忘记给我们做饭吗？forget to do sth 忘了要做某事。
5 —Why do you mention this again
—Oh, dear, I forgot ______ you about that before.
A.telling B.told C.to tell D.to telling
【答案】A 你为什么再说一遍？哦，天哪，我忘了以前跟你说过那件事了。forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事。
要点10
It’s a time （for sb）. to do sth. 该是（某人）做某事的时期了
It’s time （for sb.）to do sth. =It’s time for sth. 该是（某人）做某事的时间了。
It’s a time for you to study English.
It’s time for us to go to school.(It’s time for school.)
要点11 celebrate
celebrate的用法
（1）作为动词，意为“庆祝”，后常接birthday【生日】,festival【节日】,success【成功】等词汇。
Let’s celebrate the New Year by having a big party.
让我们举办一个盛大的聚会来迎接新年吧。
（2）其名词为celebration,意为“庆祝（活动）；庆典等”。
The foreign friends enjoyed the celebration during the Spring Festival.
这些外国朋友们非常喜欢春节期间的庆祝活动。
【典例分析】
1.—What are they doing
—They are (庆祝) Christmas.
【答案】celebrating
2 —How do most people ________ the Dragon Boat Festival(端午节)
—Most of the young people like watching the dragon boat racing.
A. report B. celebrate C. choose D. expect
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——端午节多数人怎么庆祝？——大多数年轻人喜欢看龙舟比赛。
考查动词辨析。report 报告；celebrate 庆祝；choose 选择；expect期盼；根据“Most of the young people like watching the dragon boat racing.”可知，此处表示庆祝方式，故选B。
要点12
serve v. 服务 n. service
serve +名/代 “提供…” The shop serves nice food.
serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. Serve it to your friends with some vegetables.
serve sb. with sth. “用某物招待某人” Serve the guests with some tea.
【典例分析】
1. —Did you follow the “Eat-up” Campaign (光盘行动) this lunch
—Of course. The restaurant ________ delicious food to us.
A. took B. kept C. bought D. served
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——今天中午你遵守光盘行动了吗？——当然，餐馆里给我们提供了美味的食物。
考查动词辨析。took带走； kept保持；bought买；served提供。分析“The restaurant…delicious food to us.”可知，应该是餐馆提供给我们食物，故选D。
要点13 on special holiday /on the fourth Thursday
on 表时间
介词on表时间时，用在具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上前
We have no classes on Sunday. 星期日我们没有课
It happened on the morning of the fifteenth. 事情发生在15日的上午
We met Mr. Smith on a warm morning. 我们在一个温暖的早上遇见了史密斯先生
in表时间
介词in常用在表示年、月、季节、世纪的名词前，还可用于上午、下午、晚上等固定短语中
in 2012 在2012年
in September 在9月
in spring/summer/autumn/winter 在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天
in the 20th century 在20世纪
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上
● 6.At three this afternoon. 今天下午3点钟
at表时间
介词at常用在表示时刻的名词前
I usually play basketball at six o’clock in the afternoon. 我通常在下午6点钟打篮球
I have lunch at twelve o’clock at school. 我中午12点学校吃午饭
知识拓展
at 构成的短语
at night 在晚上
at noon 在中午
at Christmas 在圣诞节
【易混辨析】on, in与at
on 用在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上前 on Saturday morning 在周六上午
in 用在世纪、年份、季节、月份，上午、下午或晚上前 in December 在12月in the evening 在晚上in 2012 在2012年
at 用来表示在某个时间点、某一时刻或年龄 at six o’clock 在6点at the age of 25 在25岁
【典例分析】
1、用介词at，in或者是on填空。
1） The students go to school _______the morning.
【答案】in in the morning也可泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上时用 in。
2.）We don’t have lessons _______Saturday or Sunday.
【答案】on on用于具体的某一天，星期前。
3） I often go home _____five in the afternoon.
【答案】at at表示某一具体时刻前。
4）He gets up _____half past six every morning.
【答案】at at表示某一具体时刻前。
5） My friends are busy, and they finish school ______ 7:10 _____the evening.
【答案】at in
6）Lily’s birthday is ___ April 11.
【答案】on
7）My birthday is ___ March. What about you
【答案】in
8）He gets a lot of gifts ___ Christmas Day.
【答案】on
2. The art festival is May and School Day is June 3rd.
A. in; on B. in; at C. on; / D. on; on
【答案】A
【解析】句意：艺术节在五月，校庆是在六月三号。
考查介词辨析。in+月份；on+具体的某一天；at+具体时刻。根据“May五月”可知，第一空填“in”；根据“June 3rd六月三号”可知，第二空填“on”。故选A。
3.________ the afternoon of June 2nd, many foreigners arrived ________ Shanghai.
A. In；at B. On；to C. In；in D. On；in
【答案】D
【解析】在具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上用on；到达大地点用介词in。
4. ________ Monday the second class is English. It's ________ 8：55.
A. On；at B. At；on C. On；on D. At；at
【答案】A
【解析】句意：周一第二节课是英语，在8：55开始。
on后面接具体的某一天；in后面接不是具体的某一天；at后面跟某一时刻，根据第一个空后面的Monday是具体的某一天，所以用on，排除B和D，由第二个空后面的8：55是具体的某一时刻，所以用at，排除C，故答案选A。
5.Do you have time ________ the afternoon of Monday？
A. in B. at C. on D. for
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查介词辨析。句意：周一下午你有时间吗？the afternoon of Monday，周一下午，具体某一天的上午／下午／晚上，用介词on。故选C。
6. ---When is Thanksgiving Day
---It’s _______ the fourth Thursday _______ November.
A. at; of B. on; in C. in; on D. on; at
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词的用法。根据句意可知，感恩节在11月的第四个星期四。月份前面用介词in；具体到某一天用介词on。
要点14 need
need此处作实意动词， 意为“需要”， 后面可以跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。
【归纳】
need sth. 需要某物
need to do sth. 需要做某事
例：I need an eraser. 我需要一块橡皮。
I need to do my homework. 我需要做家庭作业。
知识拓展
need也可用作情态动词，意为“需要”，此时need没有人称和的变化，其后跟动词时要用动词原形， 变否定句时要在need后加上not； 变疑问句时， 要把need提到主语前.
例：You needn’t do it again. 你不需要再做一遍了，
Need he do his homework first 他需要先做他的家庭作业吗
【典例分析】
1.He ________ any help. He can do it all by himself.
A. needs not B. needn’t C. doesn’t need D. doesn’t need to ask
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他不需要任何帮助。他一个人能做这一切。
考查need的用法。needs需要，是动词三单式，作实义动词，否定句不能直接在动词后面加not，故A不正确；needn’t不需要，need作情态动词，后接动词原形，空后“any help”是名词，故B不正确；doesn’t need不需要，need作实义动词，后接名词、代词等，故C符合句意；doesn’t need to do sth.不需要做某事，ask for help寻求帮助，故D不正确。故选C。
2. —What ________ you _______
—Some balloons.
A. do…need to buy B. need…to buy C. do…need buy D. need…buying
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你需要买什么？——一些气球。
need作为情态动词，可以用于疑问句中，其后的谓语动词用原形。当need是及物动词时，后面可以加名词、代词、动词不定式等作宾语，变问句时，根据时态选择合适的助动词。该句是一般现在时，所以借助助动词do，to buy作宾语，故选A。
3. She a cup of coffee.
A. need B. needn’t C. needs D. doesn’t need to
【答案】C
【解析】句意：她需要一杯咖啡。
考查词性辨析。need意为“需要；必需；必须”，既可作情态动词又可作实义动词。need作情态动词，否定式为needn’t，后接动词原形充当谓语，不可接名词短语（a cup of coffee）作宾语。need作实义动词，其否定式要借助助动词构成，即don’t/doesn’t need。doesn’t need to，其中to为不定式符号，后接动词原形，不可接名词短语（a cup of coffee）作宾语。故B、D项可排除。题干主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式needs（实义动词），可接名词短语（a cup of coffee）作宾语。故选C。
要点15
辨析：a few & few & a little & little（高频考题）
a few “一些；几个”，修饰可数名词复数，表示肯定意义。 There are a few apples in the box.盒子里有几个苹果。There are few apples in the box. 盒子里没几个苹果。
few “几个；很少”，修饰可数名词复数，表示否定意义。
a little “一点；一些”，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义。 There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。There is little water in the glass.杯子里几乎没有水。
little “一点；很少”，修饰不可数名词，表示否定意义。
【典例分析】
一、选用few a few little a little 填空
1. Please hurry up. There is _________ time left.
【答案】little。句意：请快点。剩下的时间不多了。Time 不可数名词。little 表示：几乎没有。little符合题意。
2. Please don’t worry. There is still _________ time left.
【答案】a little 句意：请不要担心。还有一点时间。a little表示：有一点。
3. The box is very heavy. And ___________of us can lift it.
【答案】few 句意：这个箱子很重。很少有人能举起它。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
4. There is __________ink in my pen, Please give me____________.
【答案】little a little 句意：我的钢笔里没有墨水，请给我一点。
5. Simon makes __________ friends in his class because he is very selfish and dishonest.
【答案】few 句意：西蒙在班上很少交朋友，因为他非常自私和不诚实。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
6.There is _________food in the cupboard. I must go and get some.
【答案】little 句意：碗橱里几乎没有食物。我得去拿点。Little 几乎没有。符合题意。
7.The question is difficult and ____________ students can answer it.
【答案】few 句意：这个问题很难，几乎没有学生能回答。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
8.The question is difficult but ____________ students can answer it.
【答案】a few 句意：这个问题很难，但有几个学生能回答。A few 有几个。
9.You should walk __________faster.
【答案】a little. a little也可以用作副词，修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语.其它几个词都没有这种用法。
10 There are a lot of new books, but____________ of them are easy to read.
【答案】few 。有很多新书，但是没几本容易读懂。
二、单项选择
11. Mike did very well in this math exam and he made ______ mistakes in it.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
【答案】B句意：马克在数学考试中做得很好，他很少犯错误。
A. little很少；修饰不可数名词；表示否定意义；B. few很少；修饰可数名词的复数，表示否定意义；C. a little一些，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义；D. a few一些，修饰可数名词 的复数，表示肯定意义。这里mistakes是可数名词的复数，这里表示否定意义，根据题意，故选B。
12. —Hurry up! The movie is beginning.
—Don’t worry. There is still ______ time left
A. little B. a little C. a few D. few
【答案】B句意：——快点！这部电影快开始了。——不要担心。仍然有一点儿时间剩下。
little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little一点，修饰不可数名词；a few一些，修饰可数名词；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词。根据Don't worry.可知不要担心，还有一些时间，修饰不可数名词time，故用a little。故选B。
13.—Is your friend Michael still in Australia
—I don't know. I have ________ information about him because we haven't seen each other for _______ years.
A. a little；a few B. little；a few C. a few；a little D. few；a little
【答案】B
【解析】此题用题眼法和正确把握语境法解答。题眼information是不可数名词，years是可数名词，排除C和D两项；又根据句意“你的朋友Michael还在澳大利亚吗？”“我不知道，对于他我了解的信息很少，因为我们几年没见面了。”可知第一个空表示否定概念，应用little修饰；第二个空表示肯定的概念应用a few修饰。故选B。
14.The man has _______ friends in this city，so he often stays at home.
A. a few B. few C. little D. a little
【答案】B
【解析】此题用题眼法和正确把握语境法解答。根据题眼可数名词friends可排除C和D两项；又根据后半句句意“因此他经常呆在家里”可推断出：这个男人在这个城市中几乎没有朋友。故选B。
要点16 enjoy
enjoy的用法
（1） 作为动词，意为“喜爱；享受……的乐趣”。常用于：
①enjoy doing sth. 意为“喜欢做某事；享受做某事的乐趣”。
The little boy enjoys reading books very much. 那个小男孩儿非常喜爱读书。
②enjoy oneself 意为“玩得开心；过得愉快”，其同义短语为have fun, have a good time。
We enjoyed ourselves in the swimming pool yesterday.
我们昨天在游泳池里玩得很开心。
拓展：
只接v.－ing形式作宾语的动词：喜欢（enjoy），思念（miss），介意（mind）；完成（finish），练习（practise），放弃（give up）。
【典例分析】
1.We had a school trip last week and we enjoyed ________.
A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves
【答案】enjoy oneself 固定词组。玩的开心。答案选D
2.When President Xi Jinping has spare time, he enjoys ________ and sports.
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
【答案】enjoy doing sth. “喜欢做某事”, enjoy后用v. -ing形式,故答案选D。
3.My parents enjoy________ for a walk after supper.
A. go B. goes C. going D. to go
【答案】C
【解析】句意“我的父母晚饭后喜欢散步”。本题考查固定搭配。enjoy doing sth. “喜欢做某事”, enjoy后用v. -ing形式, 故选C。
要点16 pour
pour ….into…
pour…into…意为“把……倒进……里”，意义相当于put…into…，但pour …into…通常强调倾倒液体；而put…into…既可以放液体，也可以放固体。例如：
He poured the milk into the cup. 他把牛奶倒进杯子里。
You must put them into the blender. 你得把他们放进搅拌器里。
【拓展】
1）pour意为“倾倒；灌；浇”。例如：
Please pour me a cup of tea. / Please pour a cup of tea for me. 请给我倒杯茶。
pour也有“（雨）倾盆而下，下大雨”的意思。例如：
It never rains but it pours. （谚）屋漏偏遭连阴雨。/ 一波未平，一波又起。
2）in和into的区别：
in和into都可表示“在（到）……里面”，有时可以互换，但侧重点不同。in是表示物体位置的静态介词；into是表示动作方向的动态介词，常与表示动作的动词，如come; go; run; rush等连用；当与put; fall; throw等动词连用时，二者可以互换。类似的词有on和onto。例如：
I found him in the classroom. 我在教室里找到了他。
Please help me carry the books into the classroom. 请帮我把这些书搬到教室里去。
【重点词组】
1.turn on接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开
turn off 关上
turn up旋大（灯火等），开大（煤气等）调高（声音等），
turn down 把（灯火、电器等）关小一点;拒绝
2.pour…into…把……倒入……
3 a good idea好主意
4.cut up切碎
cut sth into pieces把某物切成碎片
5.put…into…把……放入……
6.one more thing还有一件事
7.a piece of一片/张/段/首…
…two pieces of bread 两片面包
8. fill A with B用B把A装满
9.cover A with B用 B 覆盖A
10.one by one一个接一个；逐个；依次
11.mix it all up 将它们混合在一起了
mix A with B 把AB 混合
12.another 10 minutes另外10分钟
13.take out a book from the library从书店拿出一本书
14.on special holidays在特殊的节日里
15. at a very high temperature在很高的温度下
【重点句式】
1 Can you make a banana milk shake Of course. First , peel two bananas, then cut them up and put them in the blender. Next, pour some yogurt into the blender . Finally, turn on the machine.
你会做一份香蕉奶昔吗？当然啦。首先，剥两根香蕉，然后把他们切碎，放到搅拌机里，接着倒一些酸奶到搅拌机里，最后，打开搅拌机。
2 Can you tell me how to make fruit salad
你能告诉我怎么做水果沙拉吗？
3 I want to make Russian Soup for the party on Saturday.
我想为周六的聚会做罗宋汤
4 Don't forget to add salt to the noodles.
别忘了往面条里加点盐
5 cook it for 3 to 5 minutes
煮3到5分钟
6 put some butter on a piece of bread, and put another piece on top.
往面包师上抹点黄油，让后把另一片面包放在顶部
6 they dug a hole and planted a little tree.
他们挖了一个洞，然后栽上了一颗小树
7 fill the glass with water and pass it to me.
把杯子里装满水，然后递给我
8 Thanksgiving is on the fourth Thursday in November in the US.
感恩节在每十一月的第四个周四
9 People usually celebrate it by having a big meal with family.
人们通过和家人在家吃大餐来庆祝它。
10 Sandwiches are my favourite food.
三明治是我最爱的食物。
（一）可数名词和不可数名词的用法区别
（1）可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，而不可数名词没有复数形式。
（2）不定冠词a/an、基数词可直接修饰可数名词，表示数量 而不可数名词在表示数量时, 则用“冠词/基数词+表示计量单位的名词+of+不可数名词”。
（3）可数名词复数前可用many, some, any, few, a few, a lot of, lots of等修饰；不可数名词 前可用much, some, any, little, a little, a lot of, lots of等修饰。
（4）可数名词作主语时，谓语动词与主语的单复数保持一致，不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式
（5） 提问可数名词的数量用how many，提问不可数名词的数量用how much。
1 名词复数的规则变化：
(1) 一般情况下在词尾加-s。如：book → books, chair → chairs
(2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词，在词尾加-es。如：
class → classes, box → boxes
(3) 以f或fe结尾的名词，先将f或fe变为v，再加-es。如：
shelf → shelves, wife → wives
(4) 以o结尾的名词，词尾加-es或-s。如：
tomato → tomatoes, photo → photos
(5) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，先将y改为i，再加-es。如：
baby → babies, factory → factories
2 名词复数的不规则变化：
(1) 元音字母发生变化。如：
man → men, woman → women, foot → feet,
tooth → teeth, mouse → mice, goose → geese
(2) 单、复数形式相同。如：deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese
(3) 词尾发生变化。如：child → children
(4) 有些名词只有复数形式。如：clothes, trousers, people
(5) man, woman修饰其他名词时，单复数要与被修饰的名词保持一
致。如：a man doctor → men doctors
【典例分析】
一、将可数名词和不可数名词分类，填入对应的位置：
apple, bread, coffee, egg, juice, milk, potato, advice, tomato, tea, desk, guitar, tree, bus, weather, information
可数名词：________________________________________________________________ ______________
不可数名词：___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】可数名词：apple, egg, potato, tomato, tea, desk, guitar, tree, bus,
不可数名词bread, coffee, juice, milk, advice, tea, weather, information
二、用单词的适当形式填空
1. How many do you have (dictionary)
2. She likes eating noodles very much and she doesn’t add too much salt to them. (tomato)
3. There is a by the river and there are many on the hill. (sheep)
4. Linda bought two in the supermarket last night. (knife)
5. These watches were made by . (German)
6. is my favorite color and I also like eating best. (orange)
7. No matter what time we are getting through, (hero) are always around us.
8. My aunt's baby has four (tooth) now.
9. Let life be beautiful like summer flowers and death like autumn (leaf).
10. I have some (photo) that I took in Australia last year.
【答案】1.dictionaries 2.tomato 3.sheep sheep 4.knives 5.Germans 6.Orange orange 7.heroes 8.teeth 9.leaves 10.photos
三、用how many或how much填空
1. ______________ cheese do you want
2. ______________ onions does your mother buy
3. ______________ tomatoes are there on the plate
4. ______________ yogurt do you need for your banana milk shake
5. _____________ bottles of juice do you have
6. are the tomatoes Five yuan a kilo.
7. chicken do you want
8. ____________orange do you want
【答案】1. How many 2. How many 3. How many 4. How much 5. How many 6. How much
7. How much 8. How much
（二）祈使句
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。
一、祈使句的肯定句式：一般分为以下四种类型：
（1）实义动词＋其他成分。
Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。
（2）Be动词＋其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）。
Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。
（3）Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分。
Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。
（4）无动词祈使句。
This way，please！请这边走！ Just a minute，please！请稍等片刻！
二、祈使句的否定句式
祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在动词原形前加上don't或never，一般分为以下三种类型：
（1）在肯定祈使句的动词原形前加don't，构成“Don't＋动词原形＋其他成分”。
Don't say that again！别再那样说了！
（2）let引导的祈使句的否定形式有两种：
① 以let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，在let前加don't。
Don't let me go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。
② 以let's开头的祈使句，必须在let's后加not。
Let's not play computer games from now on.从现在开始，我们不玩电脑游戏了吧。
（3）在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用
“No＋名词/动词的 ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。
NO PHOTOS！禁止拍照！
【典例分析】
1.Tom, ________ afraid of speaking out your ideas.
A. don't B. not C. not be D. don't be
【答案】D
【解析】句意：汤姆，不要害怕说出你的想法。 此处是祈使句的否定形式，在动词原形前加don’t，be afraid of害怕，故选D。
2.Don't run in the hallways and________ arrive late for class.
A. not to B. won't C. don't D. no
【答案】C
【解析】句意：不要在走廊里跑步，不要上课迟到。此处是祈使句的否定形式，在动词原形前加don’t，故选C。
3. ________ kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nice place to live in.
A．Be B．Being C．To be D．Been
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。由句子结构可知，本句为祈使句，用动词原形开头。故选A。
介绍你最喜欢的食物及制作方法
【写作任务】 (Section B 3c)
某英文杂志新设栏目《在线烹饪》并公开征集稿件，内容主要是介绍你最喜欢的食物及制作方法。假如你最喜欢的食物是蛋炒饭，请写一篇短文向该杂志投稿。
【思路点拨】
1. 定基调
体裁：说明文
时态：一般现在时
人称：第二人称
2. 谋布局、写句子
3. 巧衔接
本文主要描述蛋炒饭的制作过程，所以可以用first, next, then, finally等表示顺序的词来连接各步骤，使文章过渡自然，富有逻辑。
4. 成篇章
Hello, my favorite food is rice fried with eggs. Here I will tell you how to make it.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
2. 谋布局、写句子
(1) Get everything ready
(2) cut up the onion / cut the onion up and put it on a plate
(3) pour the eggs into the pan and cook for two minutes
(4) cook for another two minutes / two more minutes
(5) Add some salt
4. 成篇章
Hello, my favorite food is rice fried with eggs. Here I will tell you how to make it.
First, get everything ready. You need some cooked rice, two eggs, some oil, some beef pieces and an onion.
Next, break the eggs into a bowl and stir. And cut up the onion and put it on a plate.
Then, pour some oil into the pan. When it's hot, pour the eggs into the pan and cook for two minutes. After that, add the cooked rice, the onion and beef pieces and mix them together, and cook for another two minutes.
Finally, add some salt and mix them together. Your rice fried with eggs is OK.
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
知识要点二：语法
知识要点三：书面表达
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