牛津译林版（2020）必修第二册 Unit 4 Exploring Literature Vocabulary 课件（52张PPT）
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| 名称 | 牛津译林版（2020）必修第二册 Unit 4 Exploring Literature Vocabulary 课件（52张PPT） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-11-05 16:50:25 | ||
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(共52张PPT)
M2U4 Vocabulary 1
1.devote vt.致力，专心，献身
devoted adj. 挚爱的,忠诚的,全心全意的
a ~ father/ fan /supporter
慈爱的父亲、忠实的崇拜者、忠实的支持者
devotion n. 关爱
devote...to sth / doing sth把…用于,把…奉献于
...=sth./ oneself/ time/ life/ attention/ energy
=be devoted to sth./doing sth.致力于；献身于
=be dedicated/committed to
to teaching, the man has built a close relationship with the students.
= himself to teaching, the man has built a close relationship with the students.
致力于教学使他很出名。
teaching made him well-known.
= teaching made him well-known.
Devoted
Devoting
His devotion to
His being devoted to
2.literature un. 文学;(某学科的)文献/著作
Chinese Literature
great works of literature 文学巨著
literature review 文献综述；文献评论
literary adj. 文学的
literacy [ l t r si] n. 读写能力
literate adj. 有读写能力的，有文化的
illiterate adj. 不识字的
I always have butterflies (in my stomach) before an exam.
(做事前)情绪紧张,心里发慌
3.shell n. 贝壳；壳
nutshell 坚果壳
put sth in a nutshell 简而言之
He put the situation in a nutshell.
他简明扼要地说明了情况。
4.in store (for sb)
即将发生（在某人身上），等待着某人
We don’t know what life holds in store for us.
我们不知道等待我们的将是什么样的生活。
They think it’ll be easy but they have a surprise in store.
他们以为事情容易，到时候他们会吃惊的。
store v. 储存；cn. (大型)百货商店，店铺；仓库；贮存物
chain stores
a vast store of knowledge 丰富的知识
medical stores 医疗用品
storage un.贮存，贮藏；(计)存储；付费托管
storage space 贮存空间
data storage 数据存储
n. use/usage; cover/coverage
新闻报道; (书、课程学习、电视等的)覆盖范围
5.appeal v.
①呼吁，恳求 appeal for calm
appeal to the crowd not to panic
Farmers have appealed to the government for help.
②吸引，使某人有兴趣 appeal to sb
The range of topics will appeal to youngsters.
③上诉，申诉 appeal （to sb./sth.）against
They intend to appeal against the conviction.
他们打算对判决提出上诉。
appeal to one’s sense of justice/ one’s better nature
激发某人的正义感/ 唤醒某人的良知
appeal n.
①呼吁，恳求 make an ~ to sb for sth /to do sth
警方呼吁公众保持冷静。
The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.
②吸引力 have a great appeal for sb
Does jazz hold any appeal for you
你对爵士乐感兴趣吗？
③上诉，申诉 make an appeal against sth
appealing adj. 有吸引力的，有感染力的
6.determine vt&vi 确定; 决心；查明
~ a date for the meeting
determining factors 决定性因素
~ the cause of the fire
determine to do（强调动作）=determine on sth.
他们决定早点出发。
They determined to make an early start / on an early start/ (that) they should make an early start.
be determined to do sth 决心做某事（强调状态）
determined adj. 有决心的，意志坚定的，坚决的
a determined look/ attitude
坚定的神情/态度
a determined man＝a man of determination
determination n.决心，毅力
She has shown determination to achieve her goals.
7. significant adj. 有重大意义的，显著的
a highly significant discovery 有重大意义的发现
a ~ improvement/difference/ increase
a ~ number/amount of… 相当多的
It is significant that... …显著的 /是重要的
The result is highly significant for the future of the research project.
a significant look/smile 意味深长的眼神/微笑
significantly adv. 显著地，明显地；意味深长地 significance n.重要性，意义
8.description n.描述，形容
give a general/ brief/ detailed /complete/ vivid description of sth./sb.
fit/match a description of… 与对…的描述相符
Everything in this little house is so clean and neat that it is beyond description.
难以描述，无法形容
describe vt.描述 describe sb/sth as....
descriptive adj. 描述性的，叙述的
9.sensitive adj.
①able to understand other people’s feelings and problems 体贴的，善解人意的
a sensitive and caring mom
She is much more sensitive to the needs of the kids.
② easily offended容易生气的,敏感的~ to/about
She’s very sensitive about her weight.
He’s sensitive to criticism.
③easily affected or damaged 过敏的，敏感的 My teeth are very sensitive to cold food.
④needs to be dealt with very carefully(情况或话题）须谨慎对待的；敏感的
a politically sensitive issue
⑤reacting to changes 灵敏的，灵敏度高的
a sensitive instrument
⑥ able to understand art, music and literature （对艺术、音乐、文学等）感受力强的，有表现能力的
sensitivity n. 体贴; 敏感性; 过敏 ;灵敏性
10.reflect v. mirror
①映出(影像)reflect sb/sth in sth在…中映出…的影像
I can see my face reflected in the mirror.
②反射（光热声）reflect the sound/hear/light
③显示，表明，表达（情感，态度）
reflect the views of local people
④反思，认真思考 reflect on/upon sth
reflect that......琢磨着
reflection n. 映像；反射；反映；沉思，深思
Upon/On flection, I was determined to take the job.
10.capable adj.
adj.有能力的，有才能的
be capable of (doing) sth
n. capability 才能，能力
the capability of sth/doing sth
11.awaken (formal)vt/vi awakened, awakened
①to (make sb) wake up（使）醒来
be awakened by 被...吵醒
She awakened to the sound of birds singing.
她醒来听到鸟的叫声。
② 唤起,激发起 =arouse
~ terrible memories 唤起了可怕的往事
awaken one's interest in 唤起某人对...的兴趣
③awaken (sb) to sth使某人意识到，使醒悟
We must awaken people to the dangers for the environment.
I gradually awakened to the realization that our marriage was over.
awaken to the truth 幡然醒悟
awake adj. 醒着的
v. 觉醒; 唤醒 （awoke, awaken）
I lies awake at night worrying about his job.
I awoke/woke up from a deep sleep.
我从沉睡中醒来。
He awoke to find her gone.
These pictures awoke memories of childhood in me.
这些照片唤起了我童年的回忆。
It took her some time to awake to the dangers of her situation.
意识到，觉察到
12.launch vt.
船舶下水、发射火箭；发起,开始从事;发行,上市
~ a satellite/ missile
~ an attack on the enemy
~ a campaign/ an appeal
~ a new novel/ model
launch into sth/launch yourself into sth开始投入/做...
13.permanence un.
permanence n.永久，永久性
permanent adj.永久的
permanently adv.永久地
temporary = impermanent
14.contain vt
① have sth. inside or as part of 包含,含有,容纳
This drink doesn’t contain any alcohol.
The bottle contains two litres.
②keep feelings under control控制，克制，抑制（感情）
I just could hardly contain myself.
③ 防止…蔓延（或恶化）prevent
to contain an epidemic 防止流行病的蔓延
to contain the rebellion 遏制叛乱
container cn.容器
contain/include
15.universal
adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的
a topic of universal interest 普遍感兴趣的话题
a universal truth 普遍真理
a universal feature
universe n.宇宙
universally adv. 普遍地，全体地，一直地；到处，随时随地
It is universally acknowledged that... 人们普遍认为
16.summary
n. a short statement that gives only the main points of sth. 总结，概括
The following is a summary of our conclusions.
in summary 总的来说，总之
summarize vt. 总结；概述
v. sum=summarize
In the final paragraph, sum up your argument.
to sum up 概括起来说
M2U4 Vocabulary 2
17.feature
cn. ①特点，特色
a key/significant/common/distinguishing feature
一个重要、共同、显著特征
②a special article or programme about sb/sth（报章、电视等的）特写，专题节目
a special feature on education 关于教育的专题文章
a feature article 专题报道
feature film 故事片 (rather than an documentary)
vt. 以...为特色，由...主演，以…为主要组成
feature sb/sth as sb/sth
The film featured Brando as the Godfather.
The latest model features high speed and small size.
vi. to have an important part in sth 起重要作用；占重要地位
Violence seems to feature heavily in all of his books.
暴力似乎是他所有作品中的主要特色。
18.issue n./v.
cn. ① topic or subject of discussion, problem 议题,争论的问题
a key/sensitive/controversial issue
②a problem/worry that sb has with sth 问题,担忧
Money is not an issue.
③one of a regular series of magazines or newspapers（报刊的）一期，期刊号
The article was published in issue 25.
What is at issue is whether she was responsible for her actions.
议论的焦点是她是否对自己的行为负责任。
vt. ①make sth. known formally 宣布，公布,发布
~ orders/ instructions/ a warning/ a statement/ an appeal
②give sth to sb, especially officially (正式)发给,供给
issue sth to sb=issue sb with sth
to issue passports/visas/tickets 发护照/签证/票
所有员工都配发了防护服。
All the workers were issued with protective clothing.
③出版，发表；正式发行
issue a monthly magazine
issue a set of stamps/ coins/ shares
19.draw on/upon凭借；利用；动用
I have to draw on my savings.
The novelist draws heavily on his personal experiences.
这位小说家在很大程度上是以她的亲身经历为素材。
draw back 后退；撤回，撤销（from）
draw sb out 使畅所欲言
draw the interview out to over an hour 拖延,拉长
draw up a contract/ list 拟订，起草
22.specific adj.
①precise, exact 明确的,具体的
specific instructions/ details
Could you be more specific about what you’re looking for
to be specific 明确地说
② [only before noun] one particular thing only 特定的
The money was collected for a specific purpose: the building of the new library.
programmes aimed at a specific age group
针对特定年龄段电视节目
③ specific to sth. …特有的，只对…有影响的
a belief that is specific to this part of Africa
non-specific adj. 不明确的，非特定的
specifically adv. 特意地，专门地；明确地，具体地
advertising that specifically targets children
I specifically asked you not to do that!
specify vt. 具体指明，明确说明，详述
Remember to specify your size when ordering clothes.
24.particular adj.
①special or great 特别的，格外的，不同寻常的
You should pay particular attention to spelling.
For no particular reason, he quit the job.
② specific 特定的，特指的
Is there a particular type of book he enjoys
③fussy 讲究的，挑剔的
She is very particular about/over her clothes.
He loves science fiction in particular. （= particularly 尤其，特别，格外）
She directed the question at no one in particular .
她的问题并没有针对任何个人。
25. mean adj./vt./n.
adj.
①not generous with money 吝啬的，小气的
be mean with money 在花钱方面非常吝啬
②unkind （人或人的行为）不善良，刻薄的
a mean trick 卑鄙的伎俩
be mean to sb.对某人刻薄
It was mean of him not to invite her.
vt. 意味着; 打算
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
mean to do sth 打算做某事
mean sb. /sth. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
had meant to do 本打算做某事（但没有做成）= meant to have done
The police are meant to protect people.
The diagram is meant to show the different stages of the process.
These books are meant for children.
mean no harm/offence 没有恶意/没有冒犯之意
mean well 本意是好的
He means trouble. 他存心捣乱。
Don’t laugh! I mean it.
She didn't mean it.
means n.方法,手段
means of transport/ communication
by means of 通过，借助，凭借
by all means 当然
by no means 绝不
26.transport n./v.
un. 交通运输系统，运输方式；（货物的）运输，运送=transportation
air/rail/road transport 空运；铁路运输；路运
travel on public transport 乘坐公共交通工具
Canals were used for the transport of goods.
v. 运输，运送 ~ goods
transfer 转移；转学;调动；转让
transform 改变形态，改变外观
transmit 传输;发射；传播（疾病）
translate 翻译
transplant 移植
27.generosity un.
un. willing to give sb money, gifts, time or kindness freely慷慨，大方
generous adj. 宽宏的，大方的；大量的，丰富的
a generous mind 宽阔的胸怀
be generous to sb.
be generous with sth. 在…方面大方
It’s generous of sb. to do sth.
a generous helping of meat
a generous amount of space
28.stage n./v.
n.
①a particular time or state（发展/过程）时期，阶段
The product is at the design stage.
the initial/early stage of sth. …的最初/早期阶段
enter/ reach/ get to a stage 进入/达到某个阶段
②a separate part of a process 段，步骤;
stage by stage 一步一步地，逐步地
③舞台
on stage 在舞台上
off stage 下舞台
vt. organize a public event 上演，举办；组织，筹办
Our school is staging a new production of King Lear.
stage a ceremony /an event /an exhibition
举行仪式/活动/展览
stage a strike/ protest/ march
组织罢工/抗议/游行
stage a comeback/ recovery 开始复出、开始复苏
29. extremely adv.极端，极其
extreme adj./n.
extreme poverty极度贫困
go to extremes走向极端
30. destroy vt. 毁坏
~ one’s hope/reputation/ career
destruction n.破坏，毁灭
destructive adj.毁灭性的，造成破坏的
31.defeat v./n.
v. ①(战争,竞赛,比赛中)击败,战胜=beat
a defeated army 败军
We were defeated by 3 goals to 2.
我们以2比三的比分被击败。
We are narrowly defeated in the final.
②把某人难住
It was the last question on the paper that defeated me.
n. 失败
admit/ accept/ face defeat
suffer a narrow/heavy defeat 遭遇惜败/惨败
32.attempt vt./n.
v. try 努力，尝试
attempt to escape = attempt an escape
cn. 努力，尝试，企图 ~ to do/ at sth/ doing sth
make an attempt to do 试图做某事
in an attempt to do 为了，目的是
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
attempted adj.未遂的
attempted murder/ robbery 谋杀未遂/抢劫未遂
33.straighten
adj+en= v
weaken 削弱
deepen 加深
sharpen 把...削尖shorten 缩短
broaden 加宽
weaken 变弱
en+adj/n.=v
encourage
enrich
enlarge
enable
endanger
straight adj.直的,笔直 ;坦诚的
adv. 笔直地；直接,径直；一连，连续
straighten v. 挺直，使...变直
straighten oneself 直起身子
Straighten your back （up）! 把…挺直
35.noble adj.
adj. ①贵族的，高贵的
a man of noble birth 出身高贵的人
② splendid 宏伟的，壮丽的
a noble building
③崇高的,伟大的
a noble leader 伟大的领袖
noble ideals 崇高的理想
nobly adv.
nobility n.高贵的身份/品质
36.confused adj.
adj. be at sea 糊涂的，迷惑的
be confused about 对…感到困惑
confused look/expression 疑惑的表情
confuse vt. 使困惑;混淆
~ quantity and/with quality
confusing adj.令人困惑的，难以理解的
confusion n.困惑；混淆
37.be on the point of doing sth
正要做......=be about to do
She was on the point of going out when the telephone rang.
We had reached the point when there was no money left.
我们已经到了身无分文的地步。
①(opinion/fact)论点，观点；
point of view
make a point 提出观点
I take your point. 我赞同你的看法。
②(main idea)重点，要点;
Let’s get to the point. 切入正题，说正题
The letter was short and to the point. 简明恰当，简明中肯
③(purpose)意图，目的;
I don’t see the point of doing it all again.
There is no point in doing sth. 做某事是没有意义的
point out 指出 point at 指着 point to指向
38.flash n./v.
v.
①(shine brightly)闪耀，闪光
Lightning flashed in the distance.远处电光闪闪。
②(to give signal)发出信号
Red lights flashed a warning at them.
③(show quickly)飞速运动，掠过 ;突然想到
The countryside flashed past the car windows.
A terrible thought flashed through my mind.
一个可怕的想法闪过的我的脑海。
The morning has just flashed by/past.
时间飞逝
His thoughts/mind flashed back to their wedding day.
回忆、回想起…
The movie/book flashes back to …
（电影、书中的）闪回、倒叙
flash sb. a smile/ look/ glance 向某人微微一下、瞥一眼
It flashed on me that she was the man I’d seen in the restaurant.
我突然意识到
n.
①闪光，闪耀
a flash of lightning一道闪电
②（想法、情感的）突现，突发
a flash of anger/inspiration
怒上心头/突发奇想
③闪光灯
in a flash 转瞬间、立即
M2U4 Vocabulary 1
1.devote vt.致力，专心，献身
devoted adj. 挚爱的,忠诚的,全心全意的
a ~ father/ fan /supporter
慈爱的父亲、忠实的崇拜者、忠实的支持者
devotion n. 关爱
devote...to sth / doing sth把…用于,把…奉献于
...=sth./ oneself/ time/ life/ attention/ energy
=be devoted to sth./doing sth.致力于；献身于
=be dedicated/committed to
to teaching, the man has built a close relationship with the students.
= himself to teaching, the man has built a close relationship with the students.
致力于教学使他很出名。
teaching made him well-known.
= teaching made him well-known.
Devoted
Devoting
His devotion to
His being devoted to
2.literature un. 文学;(某学科的)文献/著作
Chinese Literature
great works of literature 文学巨著
literature review 文献综述；文献评论
literary adj. 文学的
literacy [ l t r si] n. 读写能力
literate adj. 有读写能力的，有文化的
illiterate adj. 不识字的
I always have butterflies (in my stomach) before an exam.
(做事前)情绪紧张,心里发慌
3.shell n. 贝壳；壳
nutshell 坚果壳
put sth in a nutshell 简而言之
He put the situation in a nutshell.
他简明扼要地说明了情况。
4.in store (for sb)
即将发生（在某人身上），等待着某人
We don’t know what life holds in store for us.
我们不知道等待我们的将是什么样的生活。
They think it’ll be easy but they have a surprise in store.
他们以为事情容易，到时候他们会吃惊的。
store v. 储存；cn. (大型)百货商店，店铺；仓库；贮存物
chain stores
a vast store of knowledge 丰富的知识
medical stores 医疗用品
storage un.贮存，贮藏；(计)存储；付费托管
storage space 贮存空间
data storage 数据存储
n. use/usage; cover/coverage
新闻报道; (书、课程学习、电视等的)覆盖范围
5.appeal v.
①呼吁，恳求 appeal for calm
appeal to the crowd not to panic
Farmers have appealed to the government for help.
②吸引，使某人有兴趣 appeal to sb
The range of topics will appeal to youngsters.
③上诉，申诉 appeal （to sb./sth.）against
They intend to appeal against the conviction.
他们打算对判决提出上诉。
appeal to one’s sense of justice/ one’s better nature
激发某人的正义感/ 唤醒某人的良知
appeal n.
①呼吁，恳求 make an ~ to sb for sth /to do sth
警方呼吁公众保持冷静。
The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.
②吸引力 have a great appeal for sb
Does jazz hold any appeal for you
你对爵士乐感兴趣吗？
③上诉，申诉 make an appeal against sth
appealing adj. 有吸引力的，有感染力的
6.determine vt&vi 确定; 决心；查明
~ a date for the meeting
determining factors 决定性因素
~ the cause of the fire
determine to do（强调动作）=determine on sth.
他们决定早点出发。
They determined to make an early start / on an early start/ (that) they should make an early start.
be determined to do sth 决心做某事（强调状态）
determined adj. 有决心的，意志坚定的，坚决的
a determined look/ attitude
坚定的神情/态度
a determined man＝a man of determination
determination n.决心，毅力
She has shown determination to achieve her goals.
7. significant adj. 有重大意义的，显著的
a highly significant discovery 有重大意义的发现
a ~ improvement/difference/ increase
a ~ number/amount of… 相当多的
It is significant that... …显著的 /是重要的
The result is highly significant for the future of the research project.
a significant look/smile 意味深长的眼神/微笑
significantly adv. 显著地，明显地；意味深长地 significance n.重要性，意义
8.description n.描述，形容
give a general/ brief/ detailed /complete/ vivid description of sth./sb.
fit/match a description of… 与对…的描述相符
Everything in this little house is so clean and neat that it is beyond description.
难以描述，无法形容
describe vt.描述 describe sb/sth as....
descriptive adj. 描述性的，叙述的
9.sensitive adj.
①able to understand other people’s feelings and problems 体贴的，善解人意的
a sensitive and caring mom
She is much more sensitive to the needs of the kids.
② easily offended容易生气的,敏感的~ to/about
She’s very sensitive about her weight.
He’s sensitive to criticism.
③easily affected or damaged 过敏的，敏感的 My teeth are very sensitive to cold food.
④needs to be dealt with very carefully(情况或话题）须谨慎对待的；敏感的
a politically sensitive issue
⑤reacting to changes 灵敏的，灵敏度高的
a sensitive instrument
⑥ able to understand art, music and literature （对艺术、音乐、文学等）感受力强的，有表现能力的
sensitivity n. 体贴; 敏感性; 过敏 ;灵敏性
10.reflect v. mirror
①映出(影像)reflect sb/sth in sth在…中映出…的影像
I can see my face reflected in the mirror.
②反射（光热声）reflect the sound/hear/light
③显示，表明，表达（情感，态度）
reflect the views of local people
④反思，认真思考 reflect on/upon sth
reflect that......琢磨着
reflection n. 映像；反射；反映；沉思，深思
Upon/On flection, I was determined to take the job.
10.capable adj.
adj.有能力的，有才能的
be capable of (doing) sth
n. capability 才能，能力
the capability of sth/doing sth
11.awaken (formal)vt/vi awakened, awakened
①to (make sb) wake up（使）醒来
be awakened by 被...吵醒
She awakened to the sound of birds singing.
她醒来听到鸟的叫声。
② 唤起,激发起 =arouse
~ terrible memories 唤起了可怕的往事
awaken one's interest in 唤起某人对...的兴趣
③awaken (sb) to sth使某人意识到，使醒悟
We must awaken people to the dangers for the environment.
I gradually awakened to the realization that our marriage was over.
awaken to the truth 幡然醒悟
awake adj. 醒着的
v. 觉醒; 唤醒 （awoke, awaken）
I lies awake at night worrying about his job.
I awoke/woke up from a deep sleep.
我从沉睡中醒来。
He awoke to find her gone.
These pictures awoke memories of childhood in me.
这些照片唤起了我童年的回忆。
It took her some time to awake to the dangers of her situation.
意识到，觉察到
12.launch vt.
船舶下水、发射火箭；发起,开始从事;发行,上市
~ a satellite/ missile
~ an attack on the enemy
~ a campaign/ an appeal
~ a new novel/ model
launch into sth/launch yourself into sth开始投入/做...
13.permanence un.
permanence n.永久，永久性
permanent adj.永久的
permanently adv.永久地
temporary = impermanent
14.contain vt
① have sth. inside or as part of 包含,含有,容纳
This drink doesn’t contain any alcohol.
The bottle contains two litres.
②keep feelings under control控制，克制，抑制（感情）
I just could hardly contain myself.
③ 防止…蔓延（或恶化）prevent
to contain an epidemic 防止流行病的蔓延
to contain the rebellion 遏制叛乱
container cn.容器
contain/include
15.universal
adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的
a topic of universal interest 普遍感兴趣的话题
a universal truth 普遍真理
a universal feature
universe n.宇宙
universally adv. 普遍地，全体地，一直地；到处，随时随地
It is universally acknowledged that... 人们普遍认为
16.summary
n. a short statement that gives only the main points of sth. 总结，概括
The following is a summary of our conclusions.
in summary 总的来说，总之
summarize vt. 总结；概述
v. sum=summarize
In the final paragraph, sum up your argument.
to sum up 概括起来说
M2U4 Vocabulary 2
17.feature
cn. ①特点，特色
a key/significant/common/distinguishing feature
一个重要、共同、显著特征
②a special article or programme about sb/sth（报章、电视等的）特写，专题节目
a special feature on education 关于教育的专题文章
a feature article 专题报道
feature film 故事片 (rather than an documentary)
vt. 以...为特色，由...主演，以…为主要组成
feature sb/sth as sb/sth
The film featured Brando as the Godfather.
The latest model features high speed and small size.
vi. to have an important part in sth 起重要作用；占重要地位
Violence seems to feature heavily in all of his books.
暴力似乎是他所有作品中的主要特色。
18.issue n./v.
cn. ① topic or subject of discussion, problem 议题,争论的问题
a key/sensitive/controversial issue
②a problem/worry that sb has with sth 问题,担忧
Money is not an issue.
③one of a regular series of magazines or newspapers（报刊的）一期，期刊号
The article was published in issue 25.
What is at issue is whether she was responsible for her actions.
议论的焦点是她是否对自己的行为负责任。
vt. ①make sth. known formally 宣布，公布,发布
~ orders/ instructions/ a warning/ a statement/ an appeal
②give sth to sb, especially officially (正式)发给,供给
issue sth to sb=issue sb with sth
to issue passports/visas/tickets 发护照/签证/票
所有员工都配发了防护服。
All the workers were issued with protective clothing.
③出版，发表；正式发行
issue a monthly magazine
issue a set of stamps/ coins/ shares
19.draw on/upon凭借；利用；动用
I have to draw on my savings.
The novelist draws heavily on his personal experiences.
这位小说家在很大程度上是以她的亲身经历为素材。
draw back 后退；撤回，撤销（from）
draw sb out 使畅所欲言
draw the interview out to over an hour 拖延,拉长
draw up a contract/ list 拟订，起草
22.specific adj.
①precise, exact 明确的,具体的
specific instructions/ details
Could you be more specific about what you’re looking for
to be specific 明确地说
② [only before noun] one particular thing only 特定的
The money was collected for a specific purpose: the building of the new library.
programmes aimed at a specific age group
针对特定年龄段电视节目
③ specific to sth. …特有的，只对…有影响的
a belief that is specific to this part of Africa
non-specific adj. 不明确的，非特定的
specifically adv. 特意地，专门地；明确地，具体地
advertising that specifically targets children
I specifically asked you not to do that!
specify vt. 具体指明，明确说明，详述
Remember to specify your size when ordering clothes.
24.particular adj.
①special or great 特别的，格外的，不同寻常的
You should pay particular attention to spelling.
For no particular reason, he quit the job.
② specific 特定的，特指的
Is there a particular type of book he enjoys
③fussy 讲究的，挑剔的
She is very particular about/over her clothes.
He loves science fiction in particular. （= particularly 尤其，特别，格外）
She directed the question at no one in particular .
她的问题并没有针对任何个人。
25. mean adj./vt./n.
adj.
①not generous with money 吝啬的，小气的
be mean with money 在花钱方面非常吝啬
②unkind （人或人的行为）不善良，刻薄的
a mean trick 卑鄙的伎俩
be mean to sb.对某人刻薄
It was mean of him not to invite her.
vt. 意味着; 打算
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
mean to do sth 打算做某事
mean sb. /sth. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
had meant to do 本打算做某事（但没有做成）= meant to have done
The police are meant to protect people.
The diagram is meant to show the different stages of the process.
These books are meant for children.
mean no harm/offence 没有恶意/没有冒犯之意
mean well 本意是好的
He means trouble. 他存心捣乱。
Don’t laugh! I mean it.
She didn't mean it.
means n.方法,手段
means of transport/ communication
by means of 通过，借助，凭借
by all means 当然
by no means 绝不
26.transport n./v.
un. 交通运输系统，运输方式；（货物的）运输，运送=transportation
air/rail/road transport 空运；铁路运输；路运
travel on public transport 乘坐公共交通工具
Canals were used for the transport of goods.
v. 运输，运送 ~ goods
transfer 转移；转学;调动；转让
transform 改变形态，改变外观
transmit 传输;发射；传播（疾病）
translate 翻译
transplant 移植
27.generosity un.
un. willing to give sb money, gifts, time or kindness freely慷慨，大方
generous adj. 宽宏的，大方的；大量的，丰富的
a generous mind 宽阔的胸怀
be generous to sb.
be generous with sth. 在…方面大方
It’s generous of sb. to do sth.
a generous helping of meat
a generous amount of space
28.stage n./v.
n.
①a particular time or state（发展/过程）时期，阶段
The product is at the design stage.
the initial/early stage of sth. …的最初/早期阶段
enter/ reach/ get to a stage 进入/达到某个阶段
②a separate part of a process 段，步骤;
stage by stage 一步一步地，逐步地
③舞台
on stage 在舞台上
off stage 下舞台
vt. organize a public event 上演，举办；组织，筹办
Our school is staging a new production of King Lear.
stage a ceremony /an event /an exhibition
举行仪式/活动/展览
stage a strike/ protest/ march
组织罢工/抗议/游行
stage a comeback/ recovery 开始复出、开始复苏
29. extremely adv.极端，极其
extreme adj./n.
extreme poverty极度贫困
go to extremes走向极端
30. destroy vt. 毁坏
~ one’s hope/reputation/ career
destruction n.破坏，毁灭
destructive adj.毁灭性的，造成破坏的
31.defeat v./n.
v. ①(战争,竞赛,比赛中)击败,战胜=beat
a defeated army 败军
We were defeated by 3 goals to 2.
我们以2比三的比分被击败。
We are narrowly defeated in the final.
②把某人难住
It was the last question on the paper that defeated me.
n. 失败
admit/ accept/ face defeat
suffer a narrow/heavy defeat 遭遇惜败/惨败
32.attempt vt./n.
v. try 努力，尝试
attempt to escape = attempt an escape
cn. 努力，尝试，企图 ~ to do/ at sth/ doing sth
make an attempt to do 试图做某事
in an attempt to do 为了，目的是
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
attempted adj.未遂的
attempted murder/ robbery 谋杀未遂/抢劫未遂
33.straighten
adj+en= v
weaken 削弱
deepen 加深
sharpen 把...削尖shorten 缩短
broaden 加宽
weaken 变弱
en+adj/n.=v
encourage
enrich
enlarge
enable
endanger
straight adj.直的,笔直 ;坦诚的
adv. 笔直地；直接,径直；一连，连续
straighten v. 挺直，使...变直
straighten oneself 直起身子
Straighten your back （up）! 把…挺直
35.noble adj.
adj. ①贵族的，高贵的
a man of noble birth 出身高贵的人
② splendid 宏伟的，壮丽的
a noble building
③崇高的,伟大的
a noble leader 伟大的领袖
noble ideals 崇高的理想
nobly adv.
nobility n.高贵的身份/品质
36.confused adj.
adj. be at sea 糊涂的，迷惑的
be confused about 对…感到困惑
confused look/expression 疑惑的表情
confuse vt. 使困惑;混淆
~ quantity and/with quality
confusing adj.令人困惑的，难以理解的
confusion n.困惑；混淆
37.be on the point of doing sth
正要做......=be about to do
She was on the point of going out when the telephone rang.
We had reached the point when there was no money left.
我们已经到了身无分文的地步。
①(opinion/fact)论点，观点；
point of view
make a point 提出观点
I take your point. 我赞同你的看法。
②(main idea)重点，要点;
Let’s get to the point. 切入正题，说正题
The letter was short and to the point. 简明恰当，简明中肯
③(purpose)意图，目的;
I don’t see the point of doing it all again.
There is no point in doing sth. 做某事是没有意义的
point out 指出 point at 指着 point to指向
38.flash n./v.
v.
①(shine brightly)闪耀，闪光
Lightning flashed in the distance.远处电光闪闪。
②(to give signal)发出信号
Red lights flashed a warning at them.
③(show quickly)飞速运动，掠过 ;突然想到
The countryside flashed past the car windows.
A terrible thought flashed through my mind.
一个可怕的想法闪过的我的脑海。
The morning has just flashed by/past.
时间飞逝
His thoughts/mind flashed back to their wedding day.
回忆、回想起…
The movie/book flashes back to …
（电影、书中的）闪回、倒叙
flash sb. a smile/ look/ glance 向某人微微一下、瞥一眼
It flashed on me that she was the man I’d seen in the restaurant.
我突然意识到
n.
①闪光，闪耀
a flash of lightning一道闪电
②（想法、情感的）突现，突发
a flash of anger/inspiration
怒上心头/突发奇想
③闪光灯
in a flash 转瞬间、立即